MAFUNSO: Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse akunena kuti kuledzera ndikofanana ndi kusuta mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Amanena mfundoyi, monga momwe timakhalira kangapo- chakudya chosakhutitsa chimatha kuchuluka kwambiri kuposa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. zingapo
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Yerekezerani kuchuluka kwa anthu onenepa kwambiri ku America ndi omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndikuyesera kunena kuti chakudya sichimangokhala ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo, atero Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse.
Ndi Maia Szalavitz | @maiasz | April 5, 2012 |
Kodi chakudya chingakhale chosokoneza bongo ngati mankhwala? Msonkhano wachifundo ku Rockefeller University Lachitatu, Dr. Nora Volkow, mkulu wa National Institute on Drug Abuse, adanena kuti yankholo ndilo inde ndipo kuti kumvetsetsa mgwirizano pakati pa zakudya ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kungapereke chidziwitso ku mitundu yonse yodandaula khalidwe.
Volkow anayamba ndi kuvomereza kuti lingalirolo ndilotsutsana. "Ichi ndi lingaliro limene anthu ambiri amakana," adatero. "Yachititsa kuti [zoledzeretsa] zisinthe."
Akatswiri ambiri amatsutsa chakudya monga mankhwala osokoneza bongo chifukwa sichimatsogolera anthu ambiri kukhala ngati oledzeretsa - kufunafuna chakudya ngakhale kuti ndi zovuta. Choncho, malingaliro akupita, chakudya sichingakhale chowoneka ngati mankhwala monga crack cocaine.
Chimene icho sichikuzindikira, komabe, ndizale kwambiri ya cocaine yokha sikumangokhalira kumwa mofanana monga momwe amakhulupirira kale. "Mukayang'ana anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ambiri sakhala osokoneza bongo," adatero Volkow. Inde, ngakhale mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi heroin, osachepera 20% a ogwiritsa ntchito amakhala osokonezeka.
Mosiyana, ngati muwone chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ochepa - ena 34% a akuluakulu pa 20 - ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri. Onjezerani mwa iwo omwe ali olemera kwambiri, ndipo magawo awiri pa atatu aliwonse a ku America ali ndi mavuto aakulu olamulira chakudya chawo. Choncho, poyerekeza ndi chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amachita zinthu zowononga thanzi ndi chinthu chilichonse, chakudya chikhoza kuonedwa mobwerezabwereza kukhala "mankhwala osokoneza bongo" kusiyana ndi kusokoneza.
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Volkow anapitiriza kufotokozera zovuta zomwe zimachitika pakati pa ubongo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zosangalatsa ndi kudziletsa zomwe zimawonetsedwa muzoledzeretsa ndi zakudya za mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Machitidwe awa amadalira pa neurotransmitter dopamine; m'zoledzera zonse ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha dopamine D2 receptors ndi wamba.
M'madera a ubongo okhudzana ndi kudziletsa, kutayika kwa madokotala a D2 kumagwirizana ndi mphamvu zochepa zotsutsa mayesero. M'madera omwe amakonza chisangalalo, kuchepa kwa mapuloteni kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa zakudya kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo. "Mungathe kupanga nyama zomwe sizimapangitsa dopamine," anatero Volkow. "Amafa ndi njala. Iwo samadya. Ziri zodabwitsa monga choncho. "
Mankhwala ambuyomu nthawi zambiri ankaganiza kuti ndi ovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha zotsatira zake za ubongo: amatha kukweza ma dopamine m'mwamba kuposa zochitika zachilengedwe monga kugonana ndi chakudya, makamaka mu labata. Izi zimakhulupirira kuti zimayambitsa kusagwirizana kwa mankhwala komwe ubongo suli wokonzedwa kuti ulamulire.
Komabe, ambiri amanena kuti chakudya chamakono chamakono, chilengedwe chochuluka chomwe chakonzedwa kuti chibweretse shuga ndi mafuta ambiri monga momwe zingathekere - ndithudi kusiyana kwakukulu ndi nyengo ya njala kapena njala imene anthu anasinthika - mwina analenga kusalingani komweko.
Kuti afotokoze mfundoyi, Volkow anafotokozera mwachidule kafukufuku wa hormone leptin, yemwe amathandiza kwambiri anthu kuti azikhala ndi njala komanso osamva. Leptin, yomwe imatulutsidwa ndi maselo olemera, imathandiza kuthetsa chilakolako powauza ubongo kuti, "Takhala odzala, tisale kudya." Nthawi zambiri, pamene ma leptin ali pamwamba, chakudya chimakhala chosakongola. Anzathu akale, omwe amalandira D2, amaoneka kuti akuphatikizidwa apa: leptin imachepetsa ntchito yawo. Komabe, anthu ovutika amamvetsa leptin, kutanthauza kuti hormone sichikhoza kunena bwino, "Zokwanira."
Palinso umboni wina wakuti leptin imathandizanso kuledzeretsa. "Pa zinyama, tikudziwa kuti leptin imasintha zotsatira zabwino za mowa komanso mwina cocaine," Volkow anandiuza. "Kunenepa kwambiri, pali kuleza mtima kwa leptin koma sitikudziwa ngati pali kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa leptin komwe kumayenderana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo [mwa anthu]."
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Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa zakudya ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndiko kuti pankhani ya kudya, thupi ndi ubongo zingatumize zizindikiro zokhuza ngati mimba yadzaza ndipo palibe chakudya chofunikira, kapena ngati shuga wamagazi ndi otsika ndi njala akuyenera kulowa. Koma ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ngakhale ma hormone osonyeza kuti leptin ikhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu, palibe chizindikiro chofanana cha thupi chokhala "chodzaza."
Kwenikweni, lamulo la kudya zakudya ndi lovuta kwambiri kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Izi zingathandize kufotokoza chifukwa chake pakhala pali zolephera zambiri zotsutsana ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Koma kufanana pakati pa njala ya zakudya ndi mankhwala kumasonyeza kuti ngati tikhala ndi mankhwala omwe amamenya kunenepa kwambiri, zingathandizenso kuthana ndi zizolowezi zina - komanso mosiyana.
Ngakhale kuti kukambirana ndi-kudya-mankhwala osokoneza bongo sikuwonetsa zizindikiro zothera, chizindikiro chokha sichingakhale chofunikira. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kupeza njira zothetsera ubongo ndi khalidwe lathu kumalo amasiku ano, omwe ali ndi zakudya zokongola komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo - kuphatikizapo mfundo zandale zokhudzana ndi momwe angazigwiritsire ntchito.
Phunziro la Volkow linalimbikitsidwa ndi PATH Foundation, bungwe lofufuza za ubongo lopanda phindu ku New York City, ndipo linasonkhana ndi Congress Congress Jerrold Nadler (D-NY) komanso wogwirizanitsa boma la Democratic New York David Patterson. (Yemwe adayambanso, Republican George Pataki, adakonzedweranso kupita, koma sakanakhoza kutero pamapeto omaliza.)
Pakuyamba kwake Volkow Lachitatu, mutu wa PATH Foundation Dr. Eric Braverman adanena kuti kufunika kochitapo kanthu n'kofunika. Ananeneratu bwino za umoyo wa moyo ndi moyo wautali, adati, zimaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amasungidwa m'matupi a anthu - ndipo zina siziri bwino.
Maia Szalavitz ndi wolemba zaumoyo pa TIME.com. Mum'peze pa Twitter pa @maiasz. Mungathe kupitiliza kukambitsirana pa tsamba la TIME Healthland pa Facebook ndi Twitter pa @TIMEHealthland.
Werengani zambiri: http://healthland.time.com/2012/04/05/yes-food-can-be-addictive-says-the-director-of-the-national-institute-on-drug-abuse/# ixzz1rJIEixIY
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