MAFUNSO: Izi zikufotokozera phunziro (Neural Correlates ya Chakumwa Chakudya) ndiye woyamba kuyerekezera kutsegulira kwa ubongo kwa "osokoneza bongo". Kafukufuku wina adayang'ana ubongo wa anthu onenepa kwambiri. Azimayi ena omwe amaphunzira nawo omwe amadziwika kuti ndi osokoneza bongo sanali onenepa kwambiri. Zotsatira zake: Kutsegulira kwa ubongo kwa omwe amakonda kudya kumafanana ndi omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Nayi ndemanga yofunikira kwambiri:
"Tidziwa kale momwe kujambula kumakhalira ndi zizolowezi zosokoneza bongo komanso momwe mbiri yake iliri pamachitidwe opatsa mphotho, omwe ndi dongosolo la dopamine. Zomwe akunenazo ndikuti iyi ndi njira yokhayokha yosasunthira yomwe siyabwino. Ngakhale atakhala oledzeretsa bwanji, izi zingakhudze madera omwewo. ”
Mwanjira ina, zizolowezi zonse zimaphatikizapo njira zofananira komanso njira zamaubongo, kuphatikiza zolaula.
Kujambula kufotokoza koyamba kuti muone ngati neural correlates ndi zakudya zowonjezera, Deborah Brauser
April 7, 2011 - Kugonana monga khalidwe la kudya ndi kudalira kwa thupi kumagwirizana nawo njira zofanana za kusintha kwa mpweya, malinga ndi kafukufuku watsopano wa magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), kuwonetsetsa kuti pakadali pano kutsindika za udindo waumwini ngati njira yothetsera vuto la kunenepa kwambiri kungasokonezedwe.
Pambuyo pofufuza azimayi athanzi a 48, ofufuza adapeza kuti chakudya chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito chimapangitsa kuti ntchito zizigwira bwino ntchito m'magawo amphatso zaubongo, kuphatikiza dorsolateral pre mbeleal cortex ndi caudate, pomwe kuyankha pakudya kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa madera oletsedwa.
"Zomwe tapeza zikuwonetsa kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kokhudzana ndi mphotho m'magawo aubongo omwe ali ndi chidwi cholakalaka komanso kulimbikitsa chidwi chimodzimodzi ndi zomwe mungayembekezere kuwona ndikumwa mowa mwauchidakwa kapena chikonga," Wolemba mabuku wotchuka Ashley Gearhardt, MS, wophunzira zachipatala wathandi yemwe ali ndi Rudd Center for Food Policy ndi Obesity ku Yale University ku New Haven, Connecticut, anauza Medscape Medical News.
Ofufuzawo amavomereza kuti ngakhale kuti maphunziro apitalo asonyeza mayanjano pakati pa kunenepa kwambiri ndi kudalira thupi, ili ndilo loyambirira kuwonetsa neural correlates ya makhalidwe oledzeretsa zakudya.
"Zomwe apezazi zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro loti kudya mopitirira muyeso kumatha kuyendetsedwa pang'ono ndikulingalira kopindulitsa kwa chakudya. Komanso, ngati chakudya chokoma chimatsagana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kutsindika kwakanthawi pazochita zathu monga mankhwala ochepetsa kunenepa kwambiri sikungathandize kwenikweni, ”amalemba.
“Ichi ndi nkhonya ziwiri zomwe zikuchitika. Kuphatikiza pakulakalaka kwambiri komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi chakudya, monga kutsatsa kapena kuyenda pafupi ndi buledi, dera lachilengedwe lomwe limakhala ndi kuthekera koti asadye limachoka, " adawonjezera amayi a Gearhardt.
Phunzirolo linasindikizidwa pa intaneti pa April 4 mu Archives of General Psychiatry.
Milkshake Paradigm
Kunenepa kwambiri ndilo chifukwa chachiwiri chomwe chimayambitsa imfa yotetezedwa ndipo chimakhudza gawo limodzi mwa anthu akuluakulu onse akukhala ku United States.
"Tsoka ilo, njira zambiri zamankhwala onenepa kwambiri sizimapangitsa kuti muchepetse kunenepa kwanthawi yayitali chifukwa odwala ambiri amapezanso kunenepa mkati mwa zaka zisanu," ofufuzawo alemba.
Pa kafukufukuyu, ofufuzawo anafufuza deta pa akazi a 48 (zaka zowonjezereka, zaka za 20.8) za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya thupi (maimidwe a thupi la thupi lodziwika bwino, 28.0) omwe analembetsa mayesero oyenerera olemera.
Zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi chizoloŵezi cha zakudya zimayesedwa kwa ophunzira onse pogwiritsira ntchito 25-chinthu cha Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS). Zizindikiro zimenezi zinayesedwa poyerekeza ndi maukali a feteleza ochokera ku fMRI pamene chakudya cha zithunzi (zithunzi) chikuwonetsa kuti posakaniza chocolate milkshake kapena njira yothetsera vuto, komanso panthawi yomwe amamwa mowa.
"Kafukufuku wa milkshake adapangidwa kuti awunike kuyambitsa poyankha momwe angayankhire komanso chakudya chomwe akuyembekeza," ofufuzawo adalongosola.
Poyankha pakubwera kwa mkaka, ziwerengero za YFAS zimalumikizidwa kwambiri ndikulowetsa kumanzere kwa anterior cingate cortex (ACC), kumanzere kwa orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), ndikusiya amygdala (P <.05).
Amayi omwe anali ndi ziwonetsero zambiri za YFAS adawonetsa kuyambitsa kwakukulu mu dorsolateral pre mbeleal cortex ndi caudate woyenera poyankha zomwe zimachitika chakumwa chokoma poyerekeza ndi omwe anali ndi zochepa. Komabe, anali ndi kuchepa kocheperako kumanzere kwa OFC poyankha kulandila zakumwa (zonse P <.05).
Kufunika Kwambiri Kuphunzira
"ACC ndi medial OFC zonse zakhala zikulimbikitsidwa pakulimbikitsa kudya komanso kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo pakati pa anthu omwe amadalira mankhwalawo. Kuchulukitsa kwa ACC poyankha njira zokhudzana ndi mowa kumayanjananso ndi kuchepa kwa kupezeka kwa receptor kwa D2 komanso chiopsezo chowonjezeranso, ”alemba ofufuzawo.
Iwo amadziwa kuti amygdala ndi caudate zakhala zikuphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa kuti akwaniritse.
Kuphatikiza apo, ofufuzawo adalemba kuti zinali "zosangalatsa" kuti kuchuluka kwa YFAS kunalumikizidwa bwino ndikutsegulira mkati mwa OFC panthawi yoyembekezera koma kulumikizidwa molakwika ndikutsegulira kwa OFC pakulandila. Amanenanso kuti izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa chofuna cha omwe amalowa nawo mphothoyo amachepetsa ndipo machitidwe awo owonera pambuyo pake amakhala osagwirizana ndi zikhumbo zawo.
"Chifukwa chake, zochitika za OFC zapambuyo zimachitika pomwe chilakolako chofuna kusiya kudya chimafafanizidwa," akufotokoza ochita kafukufukuwo, powona kuti mitundu iyi yapezeka kuti imadalira mankhwala.
"Komanso, ngati zakudya zina ndizosokoneza, izi zitha kufotokozera pang'ono zovuta zomwe anthu amakumana nazo pakuchepetsa thupi. Ngati chakudya chikuwonjezera mphamvu zawo mofananamo ndi mankhwala, kuyesayesa kusintha chakudya komwe tikukhala kungakhale kofunikira kwambiri kuti muchepetse kunenepa komanso kupewa. ”
Komabe, Akazi Gearhardt adanena kuti phunziroli silingathe kusiyanitsa ngati chinthu china chidachitika kale mu ubongo chomwe chinapangitsa anthu ena kukhala okhudzidwa ndi zakudya kapena ngati zakudya zina zolimbana ndi mankhwala zimachotsa ntchito mu ubongo.
"Tiyenera kuchita kafukufuku wa kutalika komwe titha kutsatira anthu asanakhale ndi mavuto kuti awone chomwe chimabwera poyamba - kuyambitsa ubongo kapena machitidwe. Zomwe tawona kuti zidakwa zimaphatikiza zonse ziwiri. ”
Ananenanso kuti ofufuzawa akuchita kafukufuku yemwe "akuwunika momwe kumwa mowa kumawonekera ponseponse pagulu." Kuphatikiza apo, akukonzekera kuyang'ana momwe kuledzera kungakhudzire kunenepa kwambiri kwa ana.
Umboni wa Zamoyo
"Tidziwa kale momwe kujambula kumakhalira ndi zizolowezi zosokoneza bongo komanso momwe mbiri yake iliri pamachitidwe opatsa mphotho, omwe ndi dongosolo la dopamine," Max Wiznitzer, MD, pulofesa wothandizira ana ndi neurology ku Case Western Reserve University ku Cleveland, Ohio, komanso katswiri wazamankhwala ku UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, adauza Medscape Medical News.
"Zomwe pepalali linanena ndikuti mawonekedwe am'malingaliro amtundu wina anali ophatikizika pakati pazakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi kuyambitsa madera ena aubongo omwe amadziwika m'mbuyomu ndi mawonekedwe osokoneza bongo, ”Anawonjezera Dr. Wiznitzer, omwe sanachite nawo kafukufukuyu.
Iye adanena kuti phunziro lochititsa chidwi ndi lakuti ochepa chabe mwa ophunzirawo adakumana ndi zofunikira zonse zokhudzana ndi mankhwala ozunguza bongo.
"Chifukwa chake izi zidapezeka. Ili silinali gulu lovuta kwambiri, komabe zikusonyeza kuti mukamakonda kudya pang'ono, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kuwonetsa kachitidwe kake. Zomwe akunenazo ndikuti iyi ndi njira yokhayokha yosasunthira yomwe siyabwino. Ngakhale ndizovuta zotani, zikhudza madera omwewo, ”adatero.
“Tsopano popeza tadziwa izi, tanthauzo la zamankhwala ndi chiyani? Pali kale kalasi yazachipatala yomwe imafotokozera zakumwa zosokoneza bongo. Kwenikweni kafukufukuyu akungonena: Nawu umboni wa biologic wazomwe mukudziwa kale. Kuti matendawa ndi obwera chifukwa cha chilengedwe ndipo anthu omwe akhudzidwa sangopanga dala kuchita izi. ”
Dr. Wiznitzer adati funso lochititsa chidwi ndilo chifukwa ichi ndi matenda a chilengedwe.
“Kodi ndichinthu chomwe anthu amabadwa nacho chizolowezi? Kodi chingakhale chinthu chomwe mwanjira inayake chimapezedwa? Kodi pamafunika kulumikizana ndi chilengedwe kuti apange izi? Kodi zimachitika mutavulala? Sanadzifunse mafunso awa. ”
Kuonjezerapo, adanena kuti ena mwa malowa angathe kukhala ofanana ndi mavuto ena.
“Anthu akuwoneka kuti ali ndi munchies zosangalatsazi. Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale wachisoni ndi chakuti amatha kudya mopitirira muyeso. Kapena mumamva za anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa omwe amadya kwambiri. Komabe, palibe izi zomwe zidaphunziridwa papepalali. M'malo mwake, sanatulutse aliyense amene anali ndi vuto lamaganizidwe. Anthu amafunsa kuti, 'Kodi ndi mmenenso zilili ndi matendaŵa?'
Dr. Wiznitzer ananenanso kuti “masiku akale pamene ankachita maopaleshoni oopsa kwambiri,” masensa ena a mu ubongo amakhoza kuvulala mwa mwana pamene amachotsa chotupa.
“Kuvulala kotereku, ana amayamba kudya osakhutira. Panalibe chozimitsira. Ndiye iyi ndiye njira imodzi yabwino kwambiri? ” Adafunsa.
“Mu kafukufukuyu ndikuganiza kuti anthu adadya chifukwa panali phindu lina. Koma ndikuganiza kuti ena amadya chifukwa choti ali ndi njala ndipo sangathe kuthana ndi njalayo. Ndipo nditha kunena kuti zikuipiraipira gululo chifukwa simungathe kuzisamalira. ”
Chofunika kwambiri, adanena, ndi chakuti odwala akhoza kusonyeza khalidwe lomwelo (kudya mopitirira muyeso) koma amachokera ku zifukwa zosiyana siyana.
"Ngakhale kuti sangayankhe onse, kafukufukuyu akubweretsa mafunso osangalatsa," adamaliza motero Dr. Wiznitzer.
Phunziroli linalipidwa ndi ndalama zopereka kuchokera ku National Institutes of Health Roadmap kwa Research Research. Olemba mabuku ndi Dr. Wiznitzer asonyeza kuti palibe mgwirizano wa zachuma.
Arch Gen Psychiatry.Kubisika pa April 4, 2011.