Maseŵera a Serum BDNF odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kutchova njuga akugwirizana ndi vuto lalikulu la kutchova njuga ndi mayina a njuga ku Iowa omwe amagwira ntchito (2016)

* Wolemba lolingana: Samuel Suk-Hyun Hwang; Dipatimenti ya Psychology,
Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757,
Korea; Foni: + 82 62 530 2651; Fakisi: + 82 62 530 2659; Imelo: hwansama@hanmail.ukonde

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.5.2016.010

Ichi ndi nkhani yotseguka yomwe ikugawidwa pansi pa malamulo a Creative Commons Attribution License, yomwe imalola kuti ntchito yosalephereka, kugawa, ndi kubwereketsa mulimonse kulikonse kosagulitsa malonda, inapereka wolemba woyambirira ndi chitsimikizo.

Kudalirika

Mbiri ndi zolinga

Vuto la kutchova juga (GD) limagawana zofanana ndi zovuta zamagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mankhwala (SUDs) m'magulu azachipatala, a neurobiological, and neurocognitive, kuphatikizapo kupanga chisankho. Tidasanthula maubale omwe ali pakati, GD, kupanga zisankho, komanso ubongo wochokera muubongo (BDNF), monga momwe amayezera ndi seramu BDNF.

Njira

Odwala amuna makumi awiri ndi chimodzi omwe ali ndi GD ndi 21 zogonana zowongolera- komanso zofanana ndi zaka zidayesedwa kuti aziyanjana pakati pa ma serum BDNF ndivuto la Kutchova Juga Severity Index (PGSI), komanso pakati pa misinkhu ya serum BDNF ndi Iowa Ginja Task (IGT) indices.

Results

Zambiri za seramu BDNF zidakulitsidwa kwambiri mwa odwala omwe ali ndi GD poyerekeza ndi oyang'anira athanzi. Kuwongolera kwakukulu pakati pa misinkhu ya serum BDNF ndi kuchuluka kwa PGSI kunapezeka mukamayang'anira zaka, kukhumudwa, komanso kutalika kwa GD. Kuwongolera kwakukulu koyipa kunapezeka pakati pa misinkhu ya seramu BDNF ndi zowonjezera IGT.

Kukambirana

Zotsatira izi zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro loti ma serum BDNF amapanga mitundu iwiri ya kusintha kwa neuroendocrine komanso kuopsa kwa GD mwa odwala. Mlingo wa Serum BDNF ukhoza kugwira ntchito ngati chida chosankha bwino komanso njira zophunzirira mu GD ndikuthandizira kuzindikira zovuta zomwe zimachitika pakati pa GD ndi SUDs.

Keywords:kutchova njuga, ubongo wotengera neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Ntchito Yoyeserera Kutchova Juga (IGT), khalidwe loledzera

Introduction

Vuto la kutchova njuga (GD), mtundu wa chizolowezi chomakonda kusewera, kumadziwika chifukwa chazolowerera njuga zomwe zimayambitsa zotsatira zoyipa mwalamulo, zachuma, komanso m'maganizo (Grant, Kim, & Kuskowski, 2004). GD imagawana zambiri zokhudzana ndi matenda komanso ma neurobiological omwe ali ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito mankhwala (SUDs), monga kusintha kwa njira ya mphoto ya mesolimbic dopamine (Potenza, 2008, komanso mawonekedwe amanju, kuphatikiza kusankha zisankho.

Kugwira ntchito molakwika pa Iowa Kutchova Juga Task (IGT), yopangidwa kuti iwone kusankha zisankho zowopsa, yapezeka mosasinthika pakati pa SUDs (Noel, Bechara, Dan, Hanak, & Verbanck, 2007). Momwemonso, odwala omwe ali ndi GD awonetsa chiwopsezo chachikulu pantchitoyo (Lawrence, Luty, Bogdan, Sahakian, & Clark, 2009). Ngakhale maziko achilengedwe popanga zisankho samveka bwino, machitidwe a neural okhudzana ndi ntchito yayikulu ndikukumbukira adakhudzidwaMtundu, Recknor, Grabenhorst, & Bechara, 2007).

Puloteni imodzi yolumikizidwa ndi magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana monga kupanga chisankho ndi kukumbukira ndi zomwe zimachokera muubongo zomwe zimachokera muubongo (BDNF) (Yamada, Mizuno, & Nabeshima, 2002). BDNF imagwira gawo lofunikira pakupulumuka kwa neuronal, neurogeneis, ndi synaptic plasticity. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuyanjana pakati pa BDNF ndikusintha kwa machitidwe ndi psychopathology pamavuto amisala monga kukhumudwa, schizophrenia, ndi bipolarokone (Montegia et al., 2007) komanso matenda a Autism spectrum disorder (Wang et al., 2015). Kuchuluka kwa seramu ya BDNF kwawonedwa mu mankhwala osokoneza bongo (Angelucci et al., 2010), komwe kuyikidwira kwa BDNF mu njira yochepekera kwa gawo-ma nucleus accumbens (VTA-NAc) - njira zophatikizira zachitika (Pu, Liu, & Poo, 2006).

Mosiyana ndi izi, ndi owerengeka ochepa okha omwe adayesa kuyanjana pakati pa BDNF ndi GD (Angelucci et al., 2013; Geisel, Banas, Hellweg, & Muller, 2012), komanso momwe milingo ya BDNF imagwirizanirana ndi kuuma kwa GD komanso kuchuluka kwa zovuta muzochita za mitsempha sikumadziwika. Seramu BDNF yafupika yapezeka kuti ikugwirizana ndi kusagwira bwino pa IGT (Hori, Yoshimura, Katsuki, Atake, & Nakamura, 2014) ndi kukumbukira komweko (Zhang et al., 2012) odwala odwala ndi schizophrenia. Maubwenzi apakati pa BDNF otsika komanso kuwonongeka kwazidziwitso kwatsimikizidwanso kwina pagulu lalikulu (Shimada et al., 2014).

Mu phunziroli, tinayang'ana maubwenzi omwe ali pakati pa GD, BDNF, komanso kupanga zisankho pa IGT mu zitsanzo za odwala a GD ndikufanizira kuchuluka kwa serum BDNF mu odwala a GD ndi omwe ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba. Kenako tidafufuza mayanjano a seramu BDNF ndi kuuma kwa ma GD ndi ma IGT indices.

Njira

ophunzira

Odwala makumi awiri mphambu m'modzi omwe adakwaniritsa njira ya DSM-5 ya GD adalandidwa kuchokera kuchipatala chakugulitsa kunja kwa Dipatimenti ya Psychiatry, Chipatala cha Gangnam Eulji, University ya Eulji, Korea. Kuzindikiritsa kunatsimikiziridwa ndi a psytiatrist a board-certified board (SWC) kudzera mukuwunika mbiri yakale yachipatala komanso kuyankhulana kwapadera komwe kunaphatikizapo mafunso okhudza kukhalapo kwa zovuta zomwe zimachitika. Mafunso omwe adadzifunsa okhudzana ndi zaka, kulemera, kutalika, mbiri yokhudza zakumwa zoledzeretsa, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pafupipafupi, mbiri yokhudzana ndi juga, komanso zosiyana siyana zamankhwala zidathandizidwanso. Kuopsa kwa GD kunayesedwa ndi vuto la Kubedwa kwa Matigari Gawo (PGSI), njira yodziyimira payokha yomwe akuti anangonena yothandiza pamakina onse komanso pazachipatala (Achinyamata & Wohl, 2011). Zizindikiro za Mood zidayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Njira zosiyanitsira gulu la odwala zinali 1) mbiri iliyonse yodwala matenda osachiritsika, 2) kugwiritsa ntchito kwina kulikonse kwamankhwala, komanso 3) kupezeka kwa zovuta zama psychor, monga mowa ndi kudalira kwa chikonga. Gulu loyang'anira linali ndi zaka za 21- komanso zogonana zogonana zogonana zomwe sizinakhalepo ndi mbiri yapano kapena yam'mbuyomu yam'mbuyo kapena mbiri yakagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mankhwala.

Njira

Kuyeza kwa seramu BDNF.

Chiwerengero cha 10 ml yamagazi idatengedwa kuchokera pamutu uliwonse kukhala chubu cholekanitsa seramu. Zitsanzo zidaloledwa kuphimba kwa mphindi 30 isanafike centrifugation ya 15 min pafupifupi 1000 g, pambuyo pake seramu idachotsedwa. Zitsanzo zonse zidasungidwa pa -80 ° C. Maselo a serum BDNF adatsimikizika pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya ELISA malinga ndi malangizo a wopanga (DBD00; R & D Systems, Europe).

IGT.

Pa ntchitoyi yoyendetsedwa ndi kompyuta, ophunzirawo adapemphedwa kujambula kuchokera kumakhadi anayi amakhadi. Dawuni iliyonse inali ndi makadi omwe amagawidwa mosasinthika omwe ali ndi zopindulitsa zambiri ndi zilango, kuwonjezera pazomwe zinali kale. Ma decks awiri anali ndi makhadi okhala ndi zoperewera zochepa (mwachitsanzo $ 50) ndi zilango (mwachitsanzo $ 40), koma zotsatira zawo zonse zinali zabwino (mwachitsanzo $ 100); zigawo zina ziwiri zinali ndi makhadi omwe amapeza phindu lalikulu (mwachitsanzo $ 100) koma zilango zapamwamba (mwachitsanzo $ 200), kotero kuti zotsatira zawo zonse sizinali zabwino (mwachitsanzo - $ 250).

Ophunzira onse adalangizidwa kuti ayesetse kupeza ndalama zambiri momwe angathere mwa kujambula makhadi amodzi nthawi imodzi kuchokera pa desiki yomwe akufuna. Adauzidwa kuti ma desiki ena anali othandiza kwambiri kuposa ena koma sanawuzidwe zomwe amapanga. Njira yonse ya IGT inamalizidwa kujambula makadi a 100.

Zolemba zitatu za IGT zidatengedwa ndi zotsika zambiri zomwe zikuwonetsa kulingalira bwino koyenera: kuchuluka kwathunthu, kuwerengeka monga kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimachokera ku ma desks opindulitsa omwe amachokera m'malo ovuta (Barry & Petry, 2008); gawo la masankho opindulitsa pamakadi onse; ndikuwongolera, ndikuwerengedwa pochotsa kuchuluka kwa mipata yoyamba ya makhadi a 20 kuchokera ku chomaliza.

Kusanthula kusanthula

Kuwunika kwa covariance, ndi zaka, thupi-index index (BMI), ndi masukulu a BDI omwe adalowa ngati covariates, adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyerekeza kuchuluka kwa serum BDNF kwa odwala ndi kuwongolera. Kuwongolera pakati pa seramu BDNF komanso kuopsa kwa GD yochokera PGSI zambiri pagulu la odwala kunayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa Pearson pang'onopang'ono, mwa kuwongolera zaka, kuchuluka kwa BDI, ndi nthawi yamavuto a juga. Pomaliza, kuyanjana pakati pa misinkhu ya serum BDNF ndi magwiridwe a IGT kunasinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyo. Zosankha zonse zimaperekedwa ngati njira de zopatuka zofananira (SD). Mulingo wofunikira udayikidwa p <0.05. Kusanthula konse kwa mawerengero kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito SPSS, mtundu 18.1 (Chicago, Illinois, USA).

Ethics

Ethical Committee of the Eulji University, Korea, adavomereza phunziroli. Malinga ndi Chikalata cha Helsinki, anthu onse adalangizidwa za momwe adasankhidwira ndipo adasaina chilolezo chodziwikiratu asanatenge nawo gawo.

Results

Ziwerengero zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, zovuta zokhudzana ndi juga, komanso mapangidwe a IGT zalembedwa m'Gome 1. Zambiri za serum BDNF zidakulitsidwa kwambiri mwa odwala omwe ali ndi GD (29051.44 ± 6237.42 pg / ml) poyerekeza ndi amazilamulira athanzi (19279.67 ± 4375.58 pg / ml, p <0.0001) (Chithunzi 1). Tidapezanso kuphatikiza kwakukulu pakati pa misinkhu ya seramu BDNF ndi zambiri PGSI (r = 0.56, p <0.05) pambuyo pakuwongolera zaka, kuchuluka kwa BDI, komanso kutalika kwa zovuta kutchova juga.

Tebulo 1. Zambiri monga demographic, BDI, BDNF, IGT index, ndi zosintha zina zokhudzana ndi GD

Zindikirani: * Zosiyanasiyana zolembedwa ndizosintha siyana N (%), chifukwa chake kuyesa kwa Chi-mraba kunagwiritsidwa ntchito. GD: vuto la njuga; BMI: index of body (kulemera / kutalika²); BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; BDNF: ubongo wotengera neurotrophic factor; IGT yathunthu phindu: malo onse owerengeka opindulitsa akuwerengedwa zowerengeka zosavomerezeka; Gawo lothandiza: Kuwerengera kwapamwamba / makhadi osankhidwa (makhadi a 100); Gawo lakusintha kwa IGT: block5 IGT net score minus block1 IGT net score; CPGI-PGSI: Vuto la Kutchova Juga la ku Canada Lobwereketsa-Kuvuta Kwambiri Kutchova Juga.

^a Strategic: njuga ya pa kasino (mwachitsanzo Black-Jack); Kusanthula: Kubetcha masewera, kuthamanga pamahatchi, kuthamanga pa njinga, kuthamangitsa boti pamagalimoto, kugulitsa masheya.

Chithunzi 1. Mlingo wa seramu wa BDNF udakulitsidwa kwambiri mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kutchova juga (29051.44 ± 6237.42 pg / ml) poyerekeza ndi zowongolera athanzi (19279.67 ± 4375.58 pg / ml, p <0.0001) wolemba ANCOVA ali ndi zaka, BMI, ndi ma BDI ambiri ngati ma covariates. Mabokosi am'mabokosiwa amawonetsa apakatikati komanso ogawanika, ndipo zisoti za ndevu zamabokosiwo zikuwonetsa tanthauzo la 5 ndi 95th percentile values ​​.; * Ikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa ziwerengero (F = 12.11, p 0.001)

Magawo a Serum BDNF nawonso adalumikizidwa molakwika ndi zowonjezera za IGT (r = -0.48, p <0.05), koma osati ndi kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa IGT (r = -0.163, ns) kapena gawo lopindulitsa (r = -0.19, ns).

Kukambirana

Mu phunziroli, tinapeza kuchuluka kwambiri kwa seramu BDNF pakati pa odwala omwe ali ndi GD kuposa momwe amawongolera athanzi, komanso kuyanjana kwabwino pakati pa magulu a seramu BDNF komanso kuuma kwa GD. Zotsatira zoterezi ndizogwirizana pang'ono ndi maphunziro am'mbuyomu omwe akuwonetsa kuti seramu BDNF kuchuluka kwa GD (Angelucci et al., 2013; Geisel et al., 2012), ngakhale izi zimapereka zotsatira zosiyana zokhudzana ndi mayanjano a serum BDNF ndi kuopsa kwa GD. Zosiyanazi zotere zitha kukhala zokhudzana ndi zinthu zakunja zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa seramu BDNF, kuphatikiza BMI, kukhumudwa, ndi zinthu zina zosangalatsa (Piccinni et al., 2008). Pamodzi ndi maphunziro awiri apitawa (Angelucci et al., 2013; Geisel et al., 2012), zomwe tapeza zikuonetsa kuti zosokoneza mu thupi zitha kugwirizanitsidwa ndi pulasitiki la neural lofanana ndi kusintha kosonyezedwa mu SUDs. Kuchuluka kwa seramu BDNF kungathe kuyimira njira yolipirira kusinthitsa kufala kwa dopaminergic mu VTA ndi NAc (Geisel et al., 2012). Kufotokozera kwina kotsimikizika ndikuti kuwonjezeka kwa BDNF kumathandizira njira zothetsera kupsinjika kwa mtima mwa odwala omwe ali ndi GD, makamaka panthawi yamavuto, monga momwe amapezeka ndi omwe ali ndi ma SUDs (Bhang, Choi, & Ahn, 2010; Geisel et al., 2012).

Ngakhale kafukufuku waposachedwa (Kang et al., 2010) adawonetsa kuti polumikizika ya BDNF Val66Met ikhoza kukhudza magwiridwe apanga zisankho monga momwe IGT ikudziwitsira, momwe tingadziwire, kuphunzira kwathu ndikoyamba kuwonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa magulu a serum BDNF ndi kuchuluka kwa masinthidwe a IGT. Gawo lothandizira kusintha kwa IGT limawonetsa njira zophunzirira kutengera kupenda kwa kusankha-zotsatira za mphotho ndi zilango zomwe zimatsogolera pakupeza kwakatundu kapena kutayika. Phunziroli limaphatikizapo kuchotsera zabwino zomwe zikuwoneka mwachangu ndikupanga njira yopindulitsa yochokera pazotsatira zambuyomu. Kafukufuku waposachedwa (Kräplin et al., 2014) adapeza kuti otchova juga adawonetsa kukhudzika kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi kuwongolera wathanzi komanso 'kusankha kusachita bwino' poyerekeza ndi gulu la Tourette syndrome, koma magawo ofanana ndi gulu lotengera uchidakwa. Mndende yapamwamba ya BDNF yathandizidwanso bwino pakukhudzidwa kwakukulu ndi odwala a PTSD (Martinotti et al., 2015) kutanthauza kuti kukakamira kumatha kugwirizanitsidwa ndi mawu ambiri a BDNF. Kuphatikiza apo, m'mitundu yam'mimba, BDNF idakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zomwe serotonergic neurons zimachita, makamaka mwaukali komanso kukakamizidwa (Lyons et al., 1999). Onse a BDNF ndi serotonin amawongolera kukula ndi mapuloteni ama cellular a neural pamavuto azisangalalo (Martinowich & Lu, 2008). Mwa anthu, polymorphism ya BDNF Val66Met mu odwala a schizophrenia yalumikizidwa ndi nkhanza (Spalletta et al., 2010), pomwe serotonin yapezeka kuti ili ndi gawo lalikulu pophunzira ndi kukumbukira (Amuna & Liy-Salmeron, 2012). Kutengedwa palimodzi, zotsatira zathu zikusonyeza kuti BDNF imathandizanso pakugwiritsa ntchito njira zophunzirira, ndikuti ubale wapakati pa BDNF ndi serotonin umafunika kuunikiranso.

Zina mwazosowa zokambirana izi; kukula kwathu kwa zitsanzo kunali kocheperako ndipo kumangokhala ndi odwala a GD amuna okha, potero kumachepetsa kukula kwa zotsatira zathu. Magawo a Serum BDNF adayesedwa osati magawo am'manjenje apakati a BDNF. Ngakhale malamulo a BDNF m'magazi oyipitsa samamvekanso bwino, zopumira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati kalilore wa gawo limodzi la ubongo (Yamada et al., 2002). Chifukwa BDNF imadziwika kuti imadutsa chotchinga magazi mu mbali zonse ziwiri, gawo lalikulu la zotumphukira za BDNF limachokera ku maselo a neuronal a chapakati mantha dongosolo (Karege, Schwald, & Cisse, 2002). Pakadali pano, maubwenzi pakati pa BDNF, kusokonezeka kwa chisokonezo, komanso kupanga zisankho mu odwala GD sikunapangidwe bwino, ndipo kafukufuku wamtsogolo ayenera kulingalira izi pazopanga zawo kuti amvetsetse bwino maubale. Kuphatikiza apo, sitinaganizire za umunthu pakupanga kwathu. Kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu wapereka lingaliro la ubale pakati pa njuga zam'magazi ndi mawonekedwe a umunthu monga kufunafuna zatsopano komanso kudziwongolera nokha (Jiménez-Murcia et al., 2010; Martinotti et al., 2006), koma kuvomereza mgwirizano pakati pa magulu a BDNF ndi mikhalidwe iyi sichinafike chifukwa cha zotsatira zosagwirizana (Maclaren, Fugelsang, Harrigan, & Dixon, 2011). Zotsatira za kuphunzira kwathu ziyenera kutanthauziridwa mosamala poyerekezera ndi zoletsa zina.

Mawuwo

Zotsatira za phunziroli zimachirikiza malingaliro oti seramu BDNF ingakhale gawo la biomarker wozindikira wa neural plasticity komanso kuopsa kwa GD mwa odwalawa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa ma seramu BDNF mu GD kumatha kuwonetsa chisankho chosachita bwino, mawonekedwe a SUDs. Phunziroli, motero, ndilowonjezera pa thupi lakukula la kafukufuku lochirikiza zomwe zimachitika mu SUDs ndi GD.

Zopereka za olemba

S-WC idathandizira kupeza ndalama, malingaliro ophunzirira ndi kapangidwe, kupeza, kusanthula ndi kutanthauzira kwa deta; Y-CS inathandizira kupeza ndalama, ndi kuphunzira lingaliro ndi kapangidwe ndi matanthauzidwe amawuwo; JYM inathandizira kuphunzira lingaliro ndi kapangidwe, kupeza, kusanthula ndi kutanthauzira kwa deta; D-JK ndi J-SC adathandizira kuphunzira lingaliro ndi kapangidwe, ndikutanthauzira kwa deta; ndipo SS-HH idathandizira kusanthula ndi kutanthauzira kwa kusanthula ndi kusanja ndi kusinthanso zolemba pamanja. Olemba onse anali ndi mwayi wodziwa zambiri mu phunziroli ndipo amatenga nawo mwayi wonse pakukhulupirika pamasamba komanso kulondola kwa kusanthula kwa deta.

Kusamvana kwa chidwi

Olembawo amanena kuti palibe kutsutsana kwa chidwi.

Zothokoza

Tili othokoza kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi GD omwe adatenga nawo mbali phunziroli. Tithokozanso othandizira kafukufuku Minsu Kim chifukwa chothandizira pa kafukufukuyu.

Zothandizira