Kusiya chizolowezi. Ndemanga pa: Ndondomeko ya ndondomeko kumagwiritsa ntchito masewera a masewera a pakompyuta: Kuwongolera mwatsatanetsatane zamakono komanso zam'tsogolo (Király et al., 2018)

J Behav Addict. 2018 Nov 14: 1-3. pitani: 10.1556 / 2006.7.2018.110.

Müller KW¹.

Kudalirika

Vuto lamasewera pa intaneti ladziwika kuti ndi vuto latsopano pankhani zathanzi. Pakadali pano, tikukumana ndi chidziwitso chakukula msanga pamatenda osiyanasiyana, monga, kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka, njira zoyambira zaubongo, ndi njira zamankhwala. Mosiyana ndi izi, kulepheretsa anthu kuti asatenge vuto lamasewera pa intaneti ndichinthu chomwe sichinapite patsogolo mokwanira. Ngakhale titha kunena za njira ndi maluso omwe amadziwika kuti ndi othandiza popewa zizolowezi zina, zofunikira zapadera zopewa zovuta zamasewera pa intaneti zimakhalabe zobisika kapena kunyalanyazidwa. Zomwe zachitika mu ndondomekoyi ndi a Király et al. (2018) akuwonetsa kuti njira zoyambirira zodzitetezera zidayambitsidwa koma, komano, zikuwonetsanso kuti kafukufuku wofufuza momwe angakwaniritsire komanso momwe angathere akuyenera kukonza.

ZOCHITIKA: Matenda a masewera a intaneti; chowopsa; ndondomeko; kupewa

PMID: 30427215

DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.110

Zifukwa Zabwino Zokuthandizani

Deta zambirimbiri zazaka khumi zapitazi zasonyeza kuti kusewera masewera a pakompyuta akhoza kutha. Chovuta kwambiri, chodabwitsa chomwe chimatchedwa kuti Internet masewera a masewera angayambitse kuwonongeka kwabwino komanso matenda a psychopathological kuphatikizapo kukula kwa matenda ena. Kafukufuku wapita patsogolo pazinthu zingapo pakuwonjezeka kwa vuto la kusewera pa intaneti. Tidziwa zambiri za matenda ake, ngakhale kuti zikudziwika bwino kuti kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu akusiyana kwambiri, mwina chifukwa cha njira zosiyana siyana (mwachitsanzo, Ferguson, Coulson, & Barnett, 2011). Tili ndi chidziwitso chozama cha matenda a ubongo wa intaneti, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti mphotho yowonongeka kwa odwala ndi kuwonjezereka kolimbikitsa (mwachitsanzo, Kuss & Griffiths, 2012). Tili ndizomwe timadziwa zambiri za njira yoyenera yothetsera matendawa (mwachitsanzo, King et al., 2017). Komabe, zomwe zikusowa kwambiri ndi malingaliro ndi chidziwitso chokhudza momwe mungapewere achinyamata ndi achikulire kuti asakhale ndi vuto la masewera a pa intaneti. Mwakutero, kafukufuku wolemba Király et al. (2018) amapereka ndondomeko yowona pa njira zomwe zilipo ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo akuwonetseratu zomwe tikudziwa panopa pa njira zothandizira.

Ngakhale kuchokera pamalingaliro ambiri, ndiko kuti, kupewa nthawi zambiri kumakhazikitsidwa ndi njira zingapo (mwachitsanzo, mapulogalamu ophunzirira kusukulu, njira zophunzitsira, ndi zina zambiri), kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Király et al. (2018) makamaka amaganizira za zomwe zilipo ndi boma. Izi zikuwoneka bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha zovuta za nkhani yomwe tatchula pamwambapa. Kupezeka, komwe timadziwa kuchokera ku kuteteza kugwiritsira ntchito chikonga ndi kutchova njuga, kumachita mbali yofunikira pano.

Cholinga Choyamba: Kulepheretsa Kukhalapo

Monga tawonetsera pamwambapa, kupezeka kuyenera kuzindikiridwa ngati chinthu chimodzi chachikulu popewa machitidwe ena osagwira ntchito (mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito chikonga, kumwa mowa, komanso kutchova juga). Mosakayikira, kulepheretsa kupezeka sikumapereka yankho lathunthu lavutoli, koma wina akhoza kuliona ngati gawo limodzi la jigsaw. Zachokera m'mabukuwa, Király et al. (2018) lembani miyeso ikuluikulu itatu kuti muchepetse kupezeka (kutseka, kutseka kansalu, ndi kutopa) ndi njira ina yowonjezera yomwe imathandiza kuti makolo azilamulira kwambiri.

Kulepheretsa kupeza masewera a pakompyuta pa nthawi inayake kumawoneka ngati njira yodalirika. Chidziwitso chachipatala chimasonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali pafupi kukhala ndi zizoloŵezi zosewera zolimbitsa thupi amatha kupititsa maseŵera kumapeto kwa maola. Ndipotu, ambiri mwa odwala omwe amachiritsidwa amasonyeza kusokonezeka kwa chizunguliro ndi zotsatira zofanana, monga kutopa, mavuto, komanso kugona kwa tsiku (Müller, Beutel, & Wölfling, 2014). Deta iyi imatsimikiziridwa ndi kufufuza kwa anthu (Cheung & Wong, 2011; Griffiths, Davies, & Chappell, 2004). Choncho, kuchokera ku zochitika zongopeka, zotsatira zake zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusokonezeka kwa maganizo a maganizo omwe angachititse kuti pakhale vuto la kusewera pa Intaneti. Kawirikawiri, deta yoyamba yasonyezeranso kuti pakati pa achinyamata osakhudzidwa ndi matenda a masewera a pa intaneti, kusewera usiku kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi umphaŵi wabwino ndi apamwamba kwambiri zovuta (Lemola et al., 2011). Motero, n'zomveka kutenga njira zotetezera tulo ta achinyamata pofotokozera nthawi yamasewera a masewera a pa Intaneti.

Komabe, zomwe anapeza a Király et al. (2018) zimakhala zokhumudwitsa. Ngakhale kusewera pakati pa usiku pakati pa usiku kunachepa pakati pa achinyamata, nthaŵi zambiri omwe amatha kusewera masewera sanasinthe kwambiri. Komabe, kulemera kwa deta yamtengo wapatali kumawonetsa kufunika kofulumira kusonyeza chidwi chachikulu pakufufuza mapulogalamuwa. Ndondomeko zomwe mwachidziwikire zimachokera ku ziphunzitso zomwe zilipo kale ndi njira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'zinthu zachilengedwe zimalonjeza anthu ofuna kufufuza. Zoonadi, izi ndi mfundo yomwe kayendetsedwe ka boma kamakhala koyenera mwanjira yachiwiri. Kufufuza moyenera kwa mapulojekiti oletsa kupewa ndalama kumafuna ndalama. Kuti tipewe kusamvana kwa zofuna ndi kupeza njira zabwino za sayansi, zopereka za boma zikuyenera kuthandizira kufufuza mwakuya apa.

Kupewera kachilombo ka HIV: Kuchepetsa kuvulaza

Lingaliro la kuchepetsa kupweteka kumapangitsa kuchepetsa mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha khalidwe lovuta m'malo moletsa kapena kuchepetsa khalidwe lomwelo. Choncho tingathe kuona ngati njira yodabwitsa kwambiri ponena za zofuna zapadera za masewera a pakompyuta ndi vuto la kusewera pa intaneti. Monga tonse tikudziwira, mikangano yamphamvu yakhala ikuchitika momwe anthu ayenera kuthana ndi zochitika zatsopanozi. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu ngati makina a kompyuta akuyenera kuonedwa kuti ndi moyo wamba womwe suyenera kukhala wosokonezeka kapena ngati masewera a pakompyuta angakhale ndi mwayi wothandizira anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo ndikumayambitsa mavuto (mwachitsanzo, Aarseth et al., 2017; Billieux et al., 2017; Griffiths, Kuss, Lopez-Fernandez, & Pontes, 2017; Király & Demetrovics, 2017; Müller & Wölfling, 2017). Chifukwa chake, pakhoza kukhala mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa kutsutsana kuti kusewera masewera apakompyuta sikuli koopsa koma kuthekera kwamakono kopeza maluso ena ndi lingaliro lochepetsa kuvulaza. Komabe, njira zoyenera kutsitsa mavuto amasewera pamakompyuta sizinapangidwe mokwanira kapena kuyesedwa mokwanira. Phunziro la Király et al. (2018) akulemba zigawo zitatu ndi mwayi muzinthu izi: (a) mauthenga ochenjeza, makamaka kuoneka ngati gawo la masewerawo; (b) masewera otchuka ndi angathe "kukakamiza"; ndipo (c) kuchepetsa kuthekera kovuta kwa masewera ena.

Cholinga choyamba chimaoneka ngati chotheka komanso chodabwitsa komanso chosadabwitsa, chomwe chiri kale gawo la masewera ena a pakompyuta. Komabe, funsoli lidalibe ngati mauthenga amenewa ali ndi zotsatirapo pa khalidwe la mchenga kapena maganizo ake pa khalidwe. Deta kuchokera kumapangidwe oyesera angayambitse funso ili koma silinapezeke pakalipano.

Mbali yachiwiri, kuyambitsa chizolowezi chazovuta zamasewera apakompyuta ndichabwino, komabe, ndi pie kumwamba. Monga akuwonetsera a Király et al. (2018), mayesero ofananawa ayambitsidwa ku Hungary ndi Germany chifukwa chokhala njuga. Ku Germany, njirayi inali ulendo wautali pa zifukwa zambiri. Kukambirana za mwayi wokhala ndi dongosolo la masewera a pakompyuta posachedwapa layambika ku Germany koma ulendo womwe ukupitawo ndi wovuta kwambiri (Rumpf et al., 2017). Mosakayikira, kukhala ndi chizoloŵezi chodziletsa chizolowezi chomwa mowa mwauchidakwa kungakhale kopindulitsa kwambiri. Kafufuzidwe pazomwe zimayambitsa kuchititsa wosewera wosewera yemwe pamapeto pake, atha kudzetsa kuwongolera, ndipo vuto la masewera pa intaneti ndichofunikira chofunikira kwa ilo. Ngakhale pali zina zowunikira pamutuwu zomwe zilipo, pakadali pano sitikhala ndi chithunzi chazinthu izi. Mwachitsanzo, tikudziwa kuti magawo ena olimbikitsira ndi zina mwanjira zopangira (mwachitsanzo, njira zopangira ndalama; Dreier et al., 2017; Mfumu, Delfabbro, & Griffiths, 2011) zikuwoneka kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito masewerawo. Komabe, kudziwa kwathu kwakukulu pankhaniyi kumakhalabe kochepa. Apanso, kufufuza kwina kumafunika.

Pachifukwa chomwecho, n'zovuta kulingalira zomwe tingachite kuti tipewe kusintha kwa masewera a pakompyuta, popeza izi zimafuna kudziwa zambiri pazinthu izi. Kuwonjezera apo, funsoli lidakalipo ngati zikhoza kukhala zifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa chisangalalo cha masewera omwe angakhale nawo omwe ali ndi udindo womwe angakhale nawo pamsewero. Pakalipano, sitingathe kupereka yankho la funsoli ndipo kufunika kwa kufufuza kwakukulu kumawonekera kachiwiri.

Maganizo Ena pa Zotsatira Zotsatira

Zomwe takumana nazo pamavuto ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso vuto la kutchova juga zidatiphunzitsa kuti kupewa ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri chomwe chimafuna kuwonongera ndalama komanso njira zasayansi zomveka zakuwunika. Momwemonso, ndizovuta kwambiri kuwonetsa ngati njira yodzitchinjiriza imagwirira ntchito. Momwemonso, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi zovuta zamasewera pa intaneti osati pongowunika ndikukhazikitsa njira zamankhwala zochiritsira komanso pokhala ndi njira zothandiza komanso zodzitetezera komanso njira zopewera msanga. Monga tafotokozera kale, ndizomveka kuganiza kuti ndikulumikizana pakati pamasewera ndi mawonekedwe a wosewera (mwachitsanzo, zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo) zomwe zimalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta komanso masewera osokoneza bongo pa intaneti. Kuti muwone omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha masewera apakompyuta, maphunziro omwe akuyembekezeka amafunikira. Komabe, posanthula mwatsatanetsatane mabuku omwe alipo, Mihara ndi Higuchi (2017) adangodziwa otsogolera omwe ali ndi 13 omwe ali ndi njira zokwanira zogwiritsira ntchito njira. Deta yowonjezereka ingakhale yothandiza kwambiri pofuna cholinga choletsa kupewa.

Mofananamo, tidzayenera kuyang'anitsitsa zotsatira za njira zochepetsera mavuto m'tsogolomu. Kuyesera kuchepetsa zotsatira zovulaza zomwe zimayambitsa masewera a pakompyuta kumawoneka kuti ndiwe woganiziridwa bwino, ngakhale sitepe yolingalira popewera vuto la masewera a pa intaneti. Komabe, sitikudziwa ngati zotsatirazi zili ndi mapindu othandiza m'kupita kwanthawi. Apanso, deta yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa ikufunika koma ikusowa.

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