Zovuta zamavuto amasewera: malingaliro kuchokera pakuwona zaumoyo wa anthu (2019)

Gen Psychiatr. 2019; 32 (3): e100086.

Idasindikizidwa pa intaneti 2019 Jul 9. do: 10.1136 / gpsych-2019-100086

PMCID: PMC6629377

PMID: 31360912

Min Zhao1,* ndi Wei Hao2

Kutengera ndi zotsatira kuchokera ku maphunziro ambiri ndi zokambirana za magulu akatswiri omwe adapangidwa ndi WHO, vuto la masewera limadziwika ngati vuto lamisala ndipo limalembedwa mu chaputala chazovuta zamalingaliro, zamaganizidwe ndi ma neurodevelopmental mu Classified yaposachedwa yapadziko lonse lapansi ya matenda, 11th Version ( ICD-11).1 Matenda a masewera, vuto la kutchova njuga ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ali m'gulu lomwelo la matenda amisala. Kusintha uku kukuthandizira kuzindikira kwa anthu komanso kumvetsetsa kwamasewera osokoneza bongo. Pakadali pano, zimalimbikitsa kufufuza zokhudzana ndikupanga njira zothandizira zasayansi komanso zothandiza pofuna kuchepetsa zotsatira zoyipa.

Zotsatira za kawonedwe ka matenda a masewera

Malangizo ofunikira pa vuto la masewera mu ICD-11 alembedwa motere: (1) njira yolimbikira kapena yosinthika yamasewera ('masewera a digito' kapena 'kanema wamasewera'), omwe mwina amakhala ali pa intaneti (mwachitsanzo, pa intaneti intaneti kapena ma network amtundu wofananira) kapena osasinthika, akuwonetsedwa ndi zonsezi: kuwongolera mayendedwe pamasewera (mwachitsanzo, kuyambira, pafupipafupi, kulimba, nthawi yayitali, kuchotsedwa, kuchotsedwa) kukulitsa zomwe zimaperekedwa pamasewera mpaka pomwe masewera amatsogolera patsogolo pazinthu zina pamoyo ndi zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku; ndikupitiliza kapena kukwera kwa masewera ngakhale atakhala ndi zotsatila zoipa (mwachitsanzo, kusokonekera kwa ubale pafupipafupi, zotulukapo zantchito kapena zamaphunziro, zovuta zoyipa paumoyo); (2) mtundu wamakhalidwe a masewera atha kukhala opitiliza kapena episodic komanso obwereza, koma amawonekera kwa nthawi yayitali (mwachitsanzo, miyezi ya 12); (3) njira yamasewera amtundu wamasewera imadzetsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kapena kusokonezeka kwakukulu mu umwini, banja, chikhalidwe, maphunziro, ntchito kapena zina zofunika pakuchita.

Zokhudzana ndi izi komanso zotsatira zoyipa za vuto la masewera

Kafukufuku wapeza kuti vuto la masewera limabweretsa zikhalidwe zomwezo zamankhwala komanso kusintha kwa mitsempha yaubongo monga kudalira zinthu.2 Matenda a masewera ali ndi zovuta zingapo zakuthupi, zamaganizidwe ndi mabanja.3 4 Zomwe zimayambitsa thanzi labwino zimakhudzana makamaka ndi moyo wopanda thanzi wa osewera. Amachita masewera ambiri tsiku lonse, amakhala osachita bwino, samachita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndipo thanzi lawo limayamba kuchepa. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la masewera amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito masewera chifukwa cha mavuto osiyanasiyana amisala kapena mabanja, ndipo vuto la masewerawa limakulitsa zovuta zawo zamaganizidwe. M'mavuto akulu, amathanso kuvutika ndi nkhawa, nkhawa komanso nkhawa za m'maganizo, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kuphunzira kwawo, mabanja ndi ntchito zina. Achinyamata ambiri amasiya sukulu chifukwa cha vuto la masewera.5 6 Kusokonezeka kwa masewera kumapangidwanso ndi mavuto ambiri amisala, ndipo kumakhudzanso kupezeka kwake ndi chitukuko chake.

Popeza kupezeka ndi chitukuko cha zovuta zamasewera ndizokhudzana kwambiri ndi malingaliro amunthu payekha, banja komanso chikhalidwe, zomwe zimakhudza munthu payekha, zamaganizidwe, banja komanso ntchito, malingaliro athunthu kuphatikizapo kuphatikiza zamankhwala, zamaganizidwe, mabanja komanso chikhalidwe zimafunikira kuti muchepetse ndikuwonongeka za zovuta zamasewera.7

Pitani ku:

Malingaliro kuchokera pakaonedwe ka anthu wamba

Matenda a masewera ndi vuto laumoyo wapagulu lomwe lili ndi zinthu zambiri zokhudzana ndi malingaliro, mabanja komanso chikhalidwe. Zinthu zotsatirazi zikufotokozedwa kuti zitha kupewa zovuta zamasewera ndikuwongolera zoyipa zake: (1) achinyamata ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha zovuta zamasewera ndipo akuyenera kukhala anthu omwe akuwunikira pulogalamu yoletsa. Kupewerako kuyenera kuchitidwa mogwirizana ndi maphwando omwe akuphatikizidwa kuphatikiza masukulu, makolo ndi mabungwe ena okhudzana ndi gulu ndikuyang'ana kwambiri pakuwonjezera kuzindikira kwa vuto la masewera ndi luso lothandizira kupewa. (2) Kukhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mabanja kumathandiza kuti pakhale vuto la masewera. Mapulogalamu othana ndi chitetezo amayenera kuwongolera thanzi la achinyamata ndi luso la zamaganizidwe kuphatikiza kulumikizana, kutengeka kwamalingaliro ndi luso lothana ndi kupsinjika. Kuphatikiza banja ndikofunikira kwambiri ndipo kuyenera kutsindikizidwa. Kapangidwe kabanja kabwino ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito, ubale wabwino wabanja komanso kulumikizana, komanso kukhala ndi malingaliro abwino kwa achinyamata ndizothandiza popewa zovuta zamasewera. (3) Sukulu ndi makolo ayenera kuwunika momwe atsikana amagwirira ntchito, ndipo ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti azindikire mwachangu komanso kuti athandizire mwachangu. Thandizo la akatswiri likufunika kwa iwo omwe ali ndi vuto la masewera. (4) Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi izi ayenera kulimbikitsidwa ndipo ntchito zachipatala zofanana ziyenera kuperekedwa chifukwa cha zovuta zamasewera. Maupangiri pazowunikira komanso chithandizo cha zovuta zamasewera ndiwofunika mwachangu kwa othandizira ndi kuchira. (5) Maofesi aboma okhudzana akuyenera kutsogolera kukhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo kuchokera pamalingaliro azachipatala. Maphwando okhudzana ndi kuphatikiza maphunziro, kufalitsa nkhani, thanzi ndi malingaliro, komanso makampani amasewera ayenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuti apange njira zopewera masewera osiyanasiyana monga kupanga njira zowonera masewera, kuyang'anira machitidwe amasewera, kupanga zida zodziyang'anira pawokha pazovuta zamasewera komanso umboni- zochokera.

Wambiri

Min Zhao, Ph.D & MD, pulofesa wazamisala komanso wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa Shanghai Mental Health Center. Dr. Zhao wakhala akuchita nawo zamankhwala, zophunzitsa komanso kufufuza zasayansi pamaganizidwe amisala komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuyambira 1996. Alandila ndalama zopitilira 20 zakudziko ndi zamayiko ena kuchokera ku WHO ndi NIH. Adasindikiza zoposa 200 zowunikiridwa ndi anzawo ndi mabuku 6 omwe ali ndimitu yamabuku 30. Ali pagulu la owunikiranso a anzawo kuphatikiza Zowonjezera ndi Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Ndi membala wa gulu losavomerezeka la UNODC, komanso membala wa gulu laupangiri wapadziko lonse komanso FSCG ya ICD-11 matenda amisala, machitidwe ndi ma neurodevelopmental matenda (MBD) ndipo adatsogolera maphunziro a ICD-11 MBD ku China.

zothandizira: MZ idalemba kukonzekera. Pomwe muwerenge zowerengera.

Ngongole: Olembawo sanalenge zopereka zothandizira pa kafukufukuyu kuchokera ku bungwe lililonse lazopereka ndalama pagulu, lazamalonda kapena lopanda phindu.

Chiyambi ndi kukambirana kwa anzawo: Osatumidwa; kunja kwapamwamba kukambirana.

Zothandizira

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