Mkonzi: Njira za Neural Zogwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti Kuthamanga Matenda (2018)

GD Disorder (IGD), vuto lonse la matenda a maganizo, laphunzira kwambiri pazaka makumi awiri zapitazo ndipo maphunziro ambiri amasonyeza kuti IGD imagwirizana ndi matenda osokoneza bongo (SUD) ndi kutchova njuga m'matenda a etiology, phenomenology, njira za sayansi, ndi mankhwala zothandiza. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira za Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) pamodzi ndi njira za electroencephalographic ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi zochitika (ERPs), kafukufuku wochulukirapo ayamba kufufuza zida za IGD. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wamaganizo okhudza ubongo komanso kulingalira za zizoloŵezi zoledzera, mitundu yambiri yophunzitsira ya chitukuko ndi kukonza IGD yaperekedwa. Posachedwapa, IGD yakhala ikuphatikizidwa mu gawo lachitatu la posachedwapa (lachisanu) kafukufuku wa Ma diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) monga chikhalidwe chomwe chimafuna kufufuza kwina. Pakalipano, World Health Organization (WHO) yakhala ndi vuto la masewera (onse omwe ali pa intaneti komanso osasintha) mu ICD 11th kukonzanso. Izi zikupita patsogolo kwambiri kukulitsa zokambirana za maphunziro ndi zofuna za anthu kufunikira kwa kuphunzira IGD. Ndondomeko yoyenera ya neural yomwe ikuyendetsa patsogolo, kukonza, ndi kukhululukidwa kwa IGD ikufunikanso kufufuza kuti tidziwitse zochitika za IGD ndikupangitsanso zotsatira za mankhwala.

Mu Nkhani Yophunzirayi, timayamba ndi pepala lofufuzidwa ndi Kimberly Young, mpainiya yemwe akufufuza kafukufuku wa intaneti, komanso Matthias Brand. Achinyamata ndi Chinthuchi amafotokozera mwachidule mbali zosiyanasiyana za IGD kuphatikizapo zizindikiro komanso zowerengera, komanso akugogomezera kuyanjanitsa kwa mtundu wa anthu omwe amachititsa kuti azindikire-I-PACE. kafukufuku wogwira ntchito ndi zatsopano zothandizira IGD. Pogwirizana ndi Zopangidwe Zowonongeka Zowonongeka (RDoC), lovomerezedwa ndi National Institute of Mental Health, Kuss et al. Bwerezani zofufuza za ubongo za IGD. Amanena kuti kusewera kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi kumachititsa kuti anthu asamawonongeke, asamaganizire ntchito, asankhe zochita komanso asinthe maganizo awo, omwe akugwirizana ndi kuchepetsa kapangidwe kake kogwirira ntchito, ndipo atsimikizire kuti zolephera mu mphoto ya neural ndi chinthu chimodzi chofunikira cha IGD, chofanana ndi zotsatira amapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mankhwala. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wamakono opanga magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Weinstein amapezanso kuti anthu omwe ali ndi IGD amasonyeza kusintha kwa ntchito yayikulu, kupanga mapangidwe, kupanga chizoloŵezi cha khalidwe ndi malamulo okhudzidwa, omwe ali ofanana ndi omwe amalembedwa ku SUD. Weinstein akugogomezera kuti maphunziro a m'tsogolomu amayenera kufufuza zowonongeka ndi zoyenera kugwira ntchito mu IGD kuti zitsimikizire zomwe zasintha posachedwapa ndi kusokoneza zofanana ndi zosiyana siyana m'magulu a ubongo m'maganizo a neuro-chemical and neuro-kuganizirana monga ADHD ndi kuvutika maganizo. Wei et al. akuganiza kuti kugwirizana kwa machitidwe atatu, dongosolo lodziŵika bwino, dongosolo lodziwitsidwa, ndi dongosolo lodziwitsira pakati pa anthu omwe amatha kudziwa zapakati pazinthu zimagwira ntchito yaikulu mu IGD ndikukamba kuti chitukuko ndi kukonzanso IGD zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi dongosolo lopanda mphamvu, "hypoactive" kusinkhasinkha "dongosolo, ndipo likuwonjezeka ndi dongosolo lodziwitsira pakati pathu.

Kukonzekera mphoto kumachita mbali yofunikira pa khalidwe lokhazikika ndipo wakhala akusowa mtendere mu SUD. Kim et al. lipoti loti anthu omwe amagwiritsira ntchito kwambiri masewera a pa Intaneti amalepheretsa kusankha yankho lomwe poyamba linalimbikitsidwa ndi mphotho yophiphiritsira (koma osati ndalama), yomwe ikuphatikizidwa ndi mayankho ochepetsedwa a neural kuti apereke mphoto mu malo ochepa omwe ali ndi parietal komanso a medibitofrontal / ventromedial prefrontal cortex . Wang et al. yesetsani kuthetsa zotsatira zomwe zingakhalepo chifukwa chodziŵa bwino ndikupeza kuti poyerekeza ndi osewera ogwiritsira ntchito masewera a intaneti, anthu omwe ali ndi IGD zowonetseratu zochitika za ubongo kumanzere otchedwa orbitofrontal cortex ndi kuchepa kwachitetezo chokongoletsera pamtundu woyenerera. Izi zikuwoneka kuti zikugwirizana ndi chilakolako chachikulu cha kusewera masewera ndi kulephera kuthetsa chilakolako chosewera pa maphunziro ndi IGD. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira za ERPs, Peng et al. Deta yamakono yomwe ikuwonetsa kuti mwa anthu omwe ali ndi IGD amplitudes mu ERP chigawo cha N170 (chiwerengero cha nkhope yoyambirira) akuchepetsedwa chifukwa cha maonekedwe osasunthika pambali poyerekeza ndi nkhope zosangalatsa, koma palibe kusiyana pakati pa gulu pakukambilana kwa mawu achisoni ndi mawu osalowerera. Amaganiza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi IGD angathe kuyembekezera kukhala ndi maganizo abwino m'mabuku osangalatsa omwe sakhala nawo. Wang et al. kufufuza zosankha zolakwika pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito yopanga chisankho pakati pa IGD. Poyerekeza ndi zochitika, gulu la IGD limayendetsa kukwaniritsa chisangalalo mwamsanga, chomwe chikuphatikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa ubongo m'makampani oyendetsa magulu omwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri. Zofukufukuzi zikusonyeza kusowa kwa kuthekera kwa kuyesa mphotho yowonongeka ndi kukhutira mwamsanga, ndi kufooketsa kukhoza kusokoneza maganizo.

Kafukufuku atatu amayang'ana umboni wa neural kusonyeza zotsatira zosokoneza za nthawi yayitali kuwonetsa masewera achiwawa a kanema. Pan et al. gwiritsani matalikidwe azosintha kwakanthawi kochepa (ALFF) ndi ALFF (fALFF) pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito amkati mwaubongo pakati pa gulu lamasewera achiwawa ndi gulu lolamulira koma sanapeze kusiyana kulikonse pagulu. Gao et al. onaninso ngati kuwonetsedwa pamasewera achiwawa achiwawa (VVG) kungasinthe mayankho omvera a osewera pazovuta, ndipo zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa kuti malingaliro akumva ena siosiyana kwambiri ndi zigawo zaubongo pakati pa gulu lamasewera achiwawa komanso osachita zachiwawa gulu la masewera apakanema. Phunziro la Szycik et al. sanapeze kusiyana kwamagulu pamavuto am'maganizo pazomwe zimachitika pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito masewera achiwawa ndikuwongolera. Popeza pali maumboni ambiri okhudza kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yayitali pamasewera achiwawa pakanema pa chitukuko cha ana ndi achinyamata, zotsatirazi zikuyenerabe kufufuzidwa ndipo kafukufukuyu amalimbikitsa kafukufuku wamtsogolo.

Kafukufuku wina mu Tsamba la Kafukufukuyu akuwonanso mgwirizano pakati pa kusintha kwa ubongo ndi khalidwe la IGD. Pogwiritsira ntchito ndondomeko ya mutu wa grey volume (GMV), Pan et al. lipoti loti GMVs ya gyri yomwe ili kumbali, yomwe ili kumanzere, yomwe ili kumanzere, yomwe ili kumanzere, imakhala yogwirizana kwambiri ndi zizindikiro za IGD ngakhale pambuyo poyang'anira zaka, zaka za maphunziro komanso nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito pa masewera a pa intaneti. Zotsatira izi zimakhala zovuta kuti GMVs za zigawo za ubongo zomwe zimagwirizane ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe kake ndi kayendetsedwe ka chidziwitso zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zizindikiro za IGD. Pomaliza, phunziroli Müller et al. Imafufuza mayanjano omwe ali pakati pa testosterone yobereka komanso zovuta zosadziwika za intaneti zomwe zili zosokoneza bongo ndi IGD. Chiwerengero cha manambala (2D: 4D, kuchuluka kwa manambala a cholozera mpaka chala chaching'ono) chikhomo cha dzanja chinagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chikhomo cha testosterone yobereka. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuyanjana pakati pamiyeso yotsika ya digito (2D: 4D, mbali yakumanja, kuchuluka kwa manambala a cholozera ndi chala cham'mphete, mwachitsanzo,> 1 amatanthauza testosterone wotsika) komanso zizindikilo zapamwamba za IGD. Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatirazi zidawonetsedwa makamaka mwa azimayi omwe akutenga nawo mbali. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti 2D: chikhomo cha 4D chitha kukhala chochititsa chidwi chosokoneza bongo pa intaneti ndikulola maphunziro ena.

Pomalizira, nkhani zomwe zili m'Phunziroli lafukufuku zinayang'ana pazinthu zingapo za njira zokhudzana ndi matenda a ubongo zomwe zimayambitsa IGD. Nkhanizi zikusonyeza kuti pali umboni weniweni wa kuganizira IGD matenda chifukwa cha makhalidwe ozunguza bongo. Komabe, maphunziro othandizira komanso okhudzana ndi ziphunzitso kuphatikizapo magulu osiyanasiyana komanso makamaka maulendo a nthawi yaitali pamsonkhano wa ubongo mwa anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za IGD ndi mitundu ina ya matenda ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti, amafunika kuti amvetse bwino njira za chitukuko ndi kukonza khalidwe lachilendo komanso kukonza njira zothandizira.

Zopereka za Wolemba

J-TZ analemba cholemba choyamba cha mndandanda. J-TZ ndi MB zinapereka ndondomeko yowonongeka kwa zolembedwazo ndi zopereka za nzeru zofunika. Olemba onsewa amawerenga ndi kuvomereza mavoti omwe atumizidwawo.

ndalama

Ntchitoyi inathandizidwa ndi mabungwe ochokera ku National Natural Science Foundation ku China (No. 81100992; No. 31872211).

Kutsutsana kwa Chidwi

Olembawo akunena kuti kufufuza kunkachitika popanda mgwirizano uliwonse wa zamalonda kapena zachuma zomwe zingatengedwe kuti zingatheke kukangana.