Kukonzekera kovuta kwa mafilimu osokoneza bongo (2013)

J Exerc Rehabil. 2013 Dec 31;9(6):500-505.

Kudalirika

Kusuta kwa intaneti mutatha kuyambitsa foni ya smartphone kwayamba kukhala lalikulu. Chifukwa chake pepala ili likuyesa kutsata njira zosiyasiyana zamankhwala osokoneza bongo ndikuyang'ana momwe zingathekere kukonzanso masewera olimbitsa thupi. Cholinga chobwereketsa intaneti kapena foni yamakono ndi munthu payekha payekhapayekha wogwirizana ndi zomwe zimawakhudza m'maganizo komanso momwe zinthu zimawakhudzira. Tawonetsa kuti njira zodziwikiratu za 2 chifukwa cha 2 zosokoneza bongo zosiyana siyana: ndiye njira yothandizira komanso yothandizira. Pochizira, machitidwe ogwirira ntchito (CBT) ndi njira zoyimira posintha malingaliro ndi machitidwe owonjezera. Kufunsidwa kwa Motivational (MI) ndi njira yachidule kwa anthu omwe sanakonzekere kusintha zomwe akuchita. Kusamala kakhalidwe koyenera (MBCT) komanso chithandizo chogwirizana ndi CBT. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotsatira mfundo yotsimikizika, kupewa kuyambiranso kulephera (MBRP) kapena kuwongolera poyang'anira kubwezeretsa (ZAMBIRI). Zikuwoneka kuti zosangalatsa zochiritsira, chithandizo chanyimbo pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi, ndi luso la zojambulajambula ndizothandiza pochiritsira. Kukonzanso zolimbitsa thupi kunali ndi njira zantchito ndi zochitika zonse poyerekeza ndi zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo am'mbuyomu pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zidachitika komanso luso. Kukonzanso masewera olimbitsa thupi kumatha kuchiza zonse ziwiri poyambira komanso mavuto am'mutu mu gawo lotsatira. Chifukwa chake kafukufuku wowonjezerapo pakukonzanso zolimbitsa thupi ayenera kuchita, koma ndizotheka kwambiri kuti kuyambiranso masewera olimbitsa thupi kuyenera kuyitanitsa kusuta kwa foni yamakono.

Keywords: Kugwiritsa ntchito foni ya Smartphone, Kukonzanso masewera olimbitsa thupi, Kuzindikira kwamakhalidwe, Chithandizo chowonjezera

MAU OYAMBA

Chiwerengero cha mafoni anzeru ku Korea chinajambulidwa ngati 67.6% ngati #1 yapadziko lonse mu June, 2013. Izi ndi nthawi za 4.6 zapakati pazilolezo zapadziko lonse, 14.8% ndi 10% yokwera kuposa Norway yomwe idakhala lachigawo chachiwiri chapamwamba kwambiri (55.0%). Pankhani ya 2012, "masewera a" Anypang "anali kuphulika ku Korea. Chiwerengero cha tsiku lililonse cha masewerawa chinali 10milion. Zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi anthu onse ogwiritsa ntchito foni anzeru amasewera anypang (Jung, 2012).

Malinga ndi "2011 Internet Addiction Survey" ya Korea Internet Development Agency and Communications Commission, 8.4% ya anthu aku Korea adazolowera kwambiri smartphone. Chiwerewere cha Smartphone ndichipamwamba kuposa zamtundu wonse wa intaneti. Vuto ndiloti 11.4% ya 10 m'badwo 10.4% ya m'badwo wa 20 idasinthidwa ndi smartphone.

Choyambitsa chizolowezichi ndichida chamakompyuta chovuta kugwiritsa ntchito monga chosewerera media chonyamula, kuthamanga kwa mafoni a Wi-Fi. Smartphone yonyamula m'manja imatha kulowa pa intaneti mosavuta komanso mosavuta kuposa PC. Mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana ndi masewera a smartphone akupangidwa.

Fomu yodziwika ya intaneti imatha kugawidwa pamasewera, kucheza, zolaula, koma chizolowezi cha smartphone chitha kupanga gulu lowonjezera monga SNS kapena pulogalamu yowonjezera. Kuphatikiza apo, poyerekeza ndi media ena, foni yam'manja imafunikira kulowererapo ndi zochitika pamutu, kulumikizana mwachangu komanso kulumikizana ndi anzawo monga masewera akukhudzira kumizidwa kwa masewera ndi chizolowezi.

Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education idasanthula chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti ya asukulu apakati komanso ophunzira sekondale mu Marichi, 2013. Zotsatira zake, 6.51% ya chiwerengero chonse cha ogwiritsa ntchito mafoni adagwiritsa ntchito foni kwambiri. Pakati pawo, ophunzira a 4,585 (1.81%) anali ogwiritsa ntchito zoopsa; sangathe kuchita bwino kusukulu, kuyanjana ndi ena komanso kukhala ndi nkhawa komanso kusungulumwa osagwiritsa ntchito foni yamakono (Nkhani pa intaneti, 2013).

Kusuta kwa Smartphone si vuto laumwini. Kugonjera kwa smartphone kwadzetsa mavuto akulu pafupipafupi, makamaka kwa ophunzira achichepere. Ino ndi nthawi yopeza njira yoti mukonzetsere vutoli kuchokera pamavuto azandale pa dziko lonse. Powunikira kafukufuku wakale wamankhwala okonda kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, kuwonjezerapo kafukufuku wokhudzanso kubwezeretsanso akadali achichepere ndikukhazikitsa njira zake zoyambira. Pankhani ya kukondweretsedwa, kupatula pharmacotherapy, njira yothandizira kupangitsa kuti anthu azindikire komanso momwe akhala akugwiritsira ntchito yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu chipangizochi ndikuti chithandizo chovomerezeka chathandizidwa kuti chithandizire anthu osokoneza bongo.

Commission pazoteteza achinyamata ku Korea idapanga chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo cha intaneti komanso mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ku 2004. Pambuyo pa 2005 adakwaniritsa msasa wa mabanja achinyamatawa kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti komanso njira zakuchiritsira mwachilengedwe ndi Korea chikhalidwe chikhalidwe maziko ku 2007 (Commission on chitetezo cha achinyamata, 2008). Kusanthula msasa komanso pulogalamu ina yodula, pali gulu lomwe likuyesa kuchiritsa osangoganizira zamankhwala achikhalidwe.

Chifukwa chake pepala ili likuyesa kuunikanso zamankhwala osokoneza bongo okhudzana ndi chizolowezi chazomwe anthu amakonda komanso kugwiritsa ntchito foni yamakono kuchokera pazofufuza zam'mbuyomu ndikupereka mwayi woti athane ndi chizolowezi chomwa mankhwalawa.

KULIMA KWA INTERETSI NDI KUSINTHA

Kodi kusuta kwa mafoni ndi chiyani?

Pali mitundu ya 2 yokhala osokoneza bongo, imodzi ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mowa ndipo enawo ndi machitidwe monga masewera, intaneti, ngakhale foni yamakono. Tsoka ilo, vuto la intaneti limalephera kulandira chithandizo, limakhala ndi zoopsa zambiri ndipo limasinthanso kwambiri (Dulani, 2008). Pankhani ya smartphone, kafukufuku wochepa wachitika. Kusuta kwa Smartphone kumakhala ndizinthu zambiri zomwe zimafanana ndi zosokoneza bongo za intaneti chifukwa chake njira zosokoneza bongo pa intaneti ziyenera kuganiziridwanso pokonzekera njira zosokoneza bongo za smartphone. Chifukwa chake kafukufukuyu adafufuza pulogalamu yothandizira odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la intaneti pochiritsa chizolowezi chazomwezi.

Mawu omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito pa intaneti adazindikiridwa potengera Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, VI-TR tanthauzo la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso njuga ya pathological (America Psychiatric Association, 2000), koma pakadali pano idafotokozeredwa pansi pa gawo la vuto losalamulira.

Dr. Ivan Goldberg adalemba koyamba mawu oti vuto losokoneza bongo pa intaneti (IAD) pakugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, mokakamiza (Brenner, 1997). Kuledzera pa intaneti ndi mawu osazungulira omwe ali ndi mavuto asanu okhudzana ndi intaneti: vuto la kugonana kwa cyber, kukondera kwa cyber, kukakamiza ukonde, zambiri, komanso chizolowezi chamasewera apakompyuta (Young et al., 1999). Zizindikiro zakukonda kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndi monga kupatula pagulu, kusamvana pabanja, chisudzulo, kulephera kwamaphunziro, kutaya ntchito ndi ngongole (Young et al., 1999).

Zoyambitsa ndi zizindikiro

Pafupifupi maphunziro oyambirirawo, kafukufukuyu wapereka chifukwa chomwe anthu amalembera intaneti. Zomwe zili mu intaneti zimayenderana ndi zinthu za 3, ndizochita zenizeni za intaneti, malingaliro anu amomwe mukumvera komanso momwe mukumvera pazikhalidwe zamunthu (Choi ndi Han, 2006; Kim et al., 2006).

Nthawi zambiri anthu omwe ali ndi malingaliro komanso malingaliro monga kupsinjika, kusungulumwa, nkhawa zamagulu, kusayendetsa, kusokoneza (Kim, 2001) yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Malo omwe intaneti ilipo, kuchuluka kwa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito intaneti, ubale wamtundu wa anzawo umagwirizananso ndi vuto.

Kuphatikiza pa intaneti kumagwedeza mavuto akuthupi ndi kwamaganizidwe. Zimapweteketsa zizindikiro zakuthupi monga ma eves owuma, carpal tunnel syndrome, kubwereza koyenda, mikono, khosi, msana ndi mapewa, mutu wa migraine komanso dzanzi ndikumva kupweteka paminwe ndi chala komanso zala zapakati. Monga Kafukufuku wa achichepere (1999), makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu anayi mwa anthu omwe amadala pa intaneti amafotokoza mbiri yakale ya kukhumudwa; 34% yokhala ndi nkhawa; ndi 52% yokhala ndi mbiri yakuledzera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

ZOCHITITSA MALO

Makhalidwe opatsirana

Kutsatira maphunziro am'mbuyomu, zochitika zanu zitha kutenga gawo lalikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito intaneti komanso kukulitsa chizolowezi cha intaneti. Makhalidwe aunyamata omwe anali ogwirizana ndi kukhudzidwa kwa intaneti akuphatikizidwa kwambiri popewa kuvulaza, kudalira mphotho, kudzikweza, komanso kugwirira ntchito pang'ono (Weinstein ndi Lejoyeau, 2010). Kuchita bwino m'maphunziro kumatha kumalumikizidwa ndi kudzidalira kocheperako komanso mavuto amtundu monga matenda atulo, zizindikiro zamakani kapena zodandaula, kusiya sukulu, vuto laumunthu wosagwirizana ndi uchidakwa (Valdez et al., 2011). Achinyamata omwe amakhala ndi maphunziro osakwanira kwambiri amaphunzitsidwa ulemu pang'ono kuchokera kwa anthu oyandikana nawo, ndipo kusachita bwino m'maphunziro kumatha kumalumikizidwa ndi kudzidalira kocheperako komanso zovuta zamakhalidwe monga vuto la kugona, zizindikiro zosonyeza kukwiya kapena kutaya mtima, kusiya sukulu, vuto laumunthu wosagwirizana ndi uchidakwa. . Malingaliro amtunduwu ndi kudzipatula kumapangitsa achinyamata awa kupita pa intaneti kuti akaone ngati ali okhutira ndi zomwe ali nazo.

Kafukufuku ambiri adayang'ana pa ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa chikhalidwe chamalingaliro ndi kusuta kwa intaneti (Choi et al., 2006). Chithandizo cham'mbuyomu chidali kungoyang'ana pazinthu zina monga kudziona kuti ndiwe wotsika komanso wopanda mawu komanso nkhawa. Nkhani yayikulu yachipatala chapamwamba ndi momwe mungasinthire malingaliro ndi malingaliro anu.

Njira yodziwika (CBT)

CBT ndiyo chisamaliro chazomwe chimakhala chazovuta zokhudzana ndi matenda amisala. CBT imatha kuthandiza munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo la intaneti kuzindikira malingaliro ndi malingaliro omwe amachititsa kuti munthu asamagwiritse ntchito kompyuta moyenera kukwaniritsa zosowa zake (Orzack, 1999).

Nthawi zambiri, CBT ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri yothanirana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kukhumudwa komanso nkhawa pazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. .Kuphatikiza pa izi, pali umboni wosonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito njira zophatikizidwa pothana ndi kukhumudwa komanso uchidakwa kumakhala kopambana.Baker et al., 2010; Magil ndi Ray, 2009).

Nthawi ya CBT idawonekera koyamba m'mabuku asayansi mu ma 1970 potengera malingaliro a Beck ndipo kuyambira tsopano yakhala chithandizo chosankha pazovuta zambiri pamalingaliro, m'malingaliro ndi m'misala. Mpaka pano ayesedwa mwamphamvu pazinthu zingapo kuphatikiza nkhawa, kukhumudwa, kuvutikira-kukakamiza, zovuta za kudya komanso kusuta (Frank, 2004).

CBT ndi kuphatikiza kwa miyambo yosiyana ya 2 mu psychology. CBT imawunikira kulumikizana kwa malingaliro, malingaliro, zomverera zathupi ndi zochita. Zimagwiritsa ntchito kulingalira mozama kumathandiza makasitomala kuzindikira malingaliro oyipa komanso njira zowathandizira zimawathandiza kuzindikira machitidwe othandiza komanso osathandiza.

Udindo wa CBT ndikuwunikira mosamala njira zachikhalidwe zomwe zimayendetsa machitidwe ndi kupanga chisankho ndikuwunikira njira zonse zomwe zingayambenso kubwereranso pamalingaliro ndi malingaliro omwe amachititsa munthu kusiya mavuto. Pali magawo a 5 osintha khalidwe nthawi yowonjezera. Uku ndikulingalira, kulingalira, kukonzekera, kukonza ndikukhalitsa. Mu gawo lazoyang'ana usanachitike, othandizira amayang'ana kuti athetse kukana kuti vuto lalikulu pogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta lilipo. Pakusinkhasinkha, munthu azindikira kufunika kosintha, koma kufunitsitsa kusintha mwina sikungakhale kwakukulu ndipo kumverera kapena kukhala wotopetsa kungakhalepo. Mu gawo lokonzekera, munthu ndi wokonzeka kukhazikitsa njira yothanirana ndi vutoli. Kukonzanso kumayambira pomwe iye akutha kuyang'anira kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta ndikuyika mphamvu zochepa pakusintha mayendedwe ake. Gawo lomaliza, kuthetsedwa kumakhala ndi cholinga chopewa kuyambiranso.

CBT sikuti ingosintha zenizeni komanso kuzindikirika kwa malingaliro ndi zochita zawo komanso kupangitsa makasitomala kukhala othandizirawo. Izi ziwathandiza kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe aphunzira pakati pa magawo onse mpaka moyo wawo wonse.

Mafunso olimbikitsira (MI)

MI ndi njira yachidule, yoleza mtima, yotsogolera yomwe idatsindika kusankha kwamunthu kapena udindo. Nthawi zambiri, MI ndiye zovuta zazikulu zomwe zimayang'anizana ndi mabungwe othandizira odwala. Nthawi zambiri munthu amene amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu china, amakana vutoli ndipo safuna kukonzanso. Chifukwa cha anthu omwe sanakonzekere kusintha okha, MI ingathandize (Merlo ndi Golide, 2008).

Kuzindikira kwamakhalidwe oyenera (MBCT)

Zindel Segal ndi anzawo adapeza yankho muzochita za 'mind mind'-- njira yosinkhasinkha yomwe imathandizira anthu kuti azikhala ndi malingaliro abwino ndikugwirizana ndi zosautsa zachisoni (Segal, Williams ndi Teasdale, 2011). MBCT idawoneka kuti ikulepheretsa kuyambiranso kwa odwala omwe adakumana ndi zochitika zitatu komanso zingapo za kukhumudwa. Kuledzera ndiko chizolowezi. Wodabwitsayo amakhulupirira kuti amangochita zokha kapena 'mosaganizira' mosazindikira kwenikweni zomwe zikuyambitsa komanso zomwe zimayambitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika. Lingaliro lolimbikitsa kukonzekereratu lingathe kuthandizira pakuthana ndi zizolowezi (Frank, 2004).

Kulingalira kochokera ku malingaliro obwereranso m'mbuyo (MBRP) ndi dzina lina la MBCT. MBRP ndi kulowererapo kwa maphunziro komwe kungagwiritse ntchito njira zopewera miyambo yokhudzana ndi kuzindikira komanso kusinkhasinkha. Cholinga choyambirira cha MBRP ndi kuthandiza odwala kuti athe kuletsa mavuto awo, monga kufuna ndikukhala ndi zovuta. Kusuntha kwamaganizidwe kumaphatikizapo kutambalala pang'ono ndi zina zina zoyambira modekha.

Kupititsa patsogolo zamaganizidwe othandizira (ZAMBIRI) kumasinthidwa kuchokera ku MBCT kwa buku lothandizira pakukhumudwa. MBRP ndi ZAMBIRI ndi pulogalamu yomwe imayang'ana njira zosinkhasinkhira polimbana ndi zikhumbo, komanso maphunziro ndi maphunziro a momwe mungazindikire ndikusintha mwaluso kapena kulola kukhala, njira zamaganizidwe monga kuponderezana kwamaganizidwe, kupokana, ndi kudziphatika (Garlandet al., 2011).

Chithandizo chowonjezera

Kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu walembapo kuti banja la wachinyamata limakhala lodziwikiratu kuti mwana azitha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mwachinyamata (Nam, 2008). Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wambiri ku South Korea apeza zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa mabanja kukhala achinyamata pa intaneti. Pali kafukufuku wambiri wokhudza ubale pakati pa zinthu zoteteza monga uchembele, kulumikizana, mgwirizano m'mabanja komanso vuto la intaneti pakati pa achinyamata.Hwang, 2000; Kim, 2001; Nam, 2008).

Chithandizo chowonjezera chikuyang'ana kwambiri pazinthu zachilengedwe ndikugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zosiyanasiyana pochiza bongo. Pali maphunziro ambiri opeza zinthu zofunikira monga nyimbo, zojambulajambula komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera za smartphone.

Zosangalatsa zochizira

Zosangalatsa zochiritsira ndi njira yolowera panjira yopumula. Zosangalatsa zochizira ndizochita bwino komanso kusunthira mosamala kwa zokumana nazo zopindulitsa komanso kukulitsa mphamvu zamunthu komanso chilengedwe, zomwe zimabweretsa moyo wabwino kwambiri kwa anthu omwe, chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe angapeze chifukwa cha kudwala, kulumala, kapena zina. amafuna thandizo payekha kuti akwaniritse zolinga ndi maloto awo (Anderson ndi Heyne, 2012). Pali njira zambiri zokuthandizira kukwaniritsa cholingacho.

Kafukufuku wowerengeka adawunika momwe zida zokhala ngati zosangalatsa zingakhalire ndi mgwirizano pakati pa nkhawa ndi thanzi pakati pa achikulire. Zambiri kuchokera ku Normative Aging Study (NAS) zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ziwunikenso ngati magulu ena achisangalalo (achikhalidwe, amtundu payekha, ndi zosakanikirana; zochitika zomwe amachita okha kapena ndi ena) adawongolera zovuta zakukhudzidwa kwa thanzi la abambo okalamba komanso ngati pali panali kusiyana pakati pa ana ofedwa ndi amuna omwe siofedwa. Zitsanzo za abambo a 799 adagawika m'magulu awiri: gulu lofedwa la mabanja ndi abwenzi komanso gulu la osamwalira. Kusanthula kwa ma Hierarchical kumayerekezera kuyerekezera koyambirira koyambirira, chitsanzo chachitsanzo, ndi moderating moder. Zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa kuti pamagulu onse a abambo, zosangalatsa zophatikizika zidasinthiratu kuvutikira kwakuthupi koma kwamaganizidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, kwa omwe aferedwa, zochitika zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe zimachepetsa mavuto omwe amakhala pamavuto akuthupi. Mavuto omwe amakumana ndi mavuto a moyo (kusiyapo kufedwa) atha kuwongoleredwa pochita zosangalatsa za amuna okalamba omwe aferedwa komanso osachotsedwa. Zotsatira zamomwe zapezedwa mtsogolo ndi kafukufukuyu zakambidwa (Fitzpatrick et al., 2001).

Zochita pabanja ndi zakunja pamodzi ndi kuwunikira koyang'anira ndi kuthandiza makolo kumachepetsa izi. Kuwunika kwa makolo kumalepheretsa achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo la pa intaneti. Chifukwa chake wachinyamata ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi kuyang'anira zochitika zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku ndikulimbikitsidwa kutenga nawo mbali mu zochitika zapabanja komanso zakunja. Kupitilira apo, achinyamata ayenera kukhala ndi malingaliro abwino opumira komanso luso lotha kupewa kudalira pa intaneti (Chien et al., 2009)

Omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti akhoza kukhala njira yopumira yolakwika. Omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zovuta zowongolera nthawi. Izi zikutanthauza kugawa nthawi yopanda malire komanso kusanguluka komanso kusakhutira ndi zochitika zosasangalatsa zomwe zingalimbikitsidwe kufunafuna njira ina - Intaneti.

Masewera omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu adalandira anthu osachita zosangalatsa ndi mabanja poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chochepa kwambiri. Akamalowerera kwambiri pamasewera, amakonda kwambiri kuchita zosangalatsa kapena zosangalatsa. Adayankha pantchito yopanga zosangalatsa ndi abwenzi (46.4%) kapena mabanja (27.6%). 65.3% ya achinyamata achinyamata omwe adachita masewerawa akufuna kuchita nawo zosangalatsa. Chachilendo ndichakuti ophunzira omwe ali olemera kapena ali ndi makolo ophunzira kwambiri nawonso adazolowera masewerawo.

Chithandizo cha nyimbo: Ntchito zopumira

Zolemba zaposachedwa zikuwonetsa kubwezeretsanso kwa zomwe zidachitika. Pulogalamu yakhala ikuyitanitsa kukokoloka ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi dera komanso zochitika zachipembedzo zamankhwala azamankhwala mozunza mankhwalawa (Michel, 2003).

Zozungulira mabwalo ali ndi gawo lofunikira monga chithandizo chowonjezera chowonjezera, makamaka kubwerezabwereza komanso pomwe maupangiri ena amalephera.

Kugunda kumawonjezera kukhudzika kwa hypnotic, kuonjezera nthawi yopuma komanso kumapangitsa zochitika za shamanic (Mandell, 1980). Kubowola ndi kukokomeza kwina kumayambitsa kuyendetsa dongosolo kuubongo, makamaka mu raba ndi ma alfa. Kusintha kwachilengedwe komwe kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi ASC kumathandizira kupumula komanso kupumula kwamalingaliro: kupangitsa kudziwunikira kwamachitidwe a thupi: kuchepetsa kukangana, nkhawa, ndi zochitika za phobic: kusintha kwa psychosomatic zotsatira; kupeza zidziwitso zopanda tanthauzo m'mafanizo owonetsera ndi mawonekedwe owonetsa; kuphatikiza kuphatikizirana kwa magwiritsidwe ntchito, kulumikizana ndikusinthitsa kuyanjana kwachidziwitso komanso mgwirizano wolumikizana (Mandell, 1980).

Chithandizo chamakono

Park et al. (2009) gwiritsani ntchito luso lazopanga masewera osokoneza bongo kuti mupititse patsogolo njira zodziletsa. Zotsatira zake, malingaliro odana nawo adachepa ndipo kulumikizana ndi anzawo komanso mabanja kunakulitsidwa.

KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO KULAMBIRA KWAULERE

Kukonzanso masewera olimbitsa thupi kumakhala ndi chidziwitso cha sayansi chogwiritsa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi kuti chithane ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana amthupi komanso zamaganizidwe. Zimagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu olimbitsa thupi ochiritsa odwala potengera sayansi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Zimatsatira njira yasayansi. Mgawo lazachipatala, zoyambira monga kuchuluka kwa thupi, chidziwitso chaumoyo, mbiri ya zamankhwala, malo antchito, zochitika zolimbitsa thupi zapitazo zimayenera kukhazikitsidwa. Pambuyo pakuwunika, magawo oyang'anira obwezeretsedwayo amachitika kuti akwaniritse zolinga zomwe zanenedwa. Kukonzanso masewera olimbitsa thupi kumalimbitsa kukonza osati kungochiritsa musculo-articular pambuyo pakuchita opaleshoni, kupweteka kwakanthawi kapena kutopa, mitsempha kapena metabolic komanso mikhalidwe yamalingaliro monga kupsinjika ndi nkhawa.

Kusuta kwa Smartphone ndi kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe komwe kumawonekera ndi zizindikiro komanso mawonekedwe amthupi. Munthu amene amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kapena foni yam'manja sachita zinthu zambiri zolimbitsa thupi, nthawi zambiri amanyalanyaza thanzi lawo, komanso kusachita zinthu zina monga thupi la carpal, kusakhazikika bwino, msana, mutu waching'alang'ala, kusowa kwa thanzi, kudya mosagwirizana, kugona tulo, mavuto a maso , maso owuma, kusowa tulo kumatha kuthana ndi chitetezo cha mthupi komanso njira zama katulutsidwe ka mtima, mtima komanso kugaya chakudya (Diane, 2005).

Kukonzanso masewera olimbitsa thupi kumatha kugwiritsa ntchito cholinga choyamba chobwezeretsanso thanzi lanu lakumaso. Komanso ngati azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi monga kukwera pahatchi kapena masewera olimbitsa thupi, chithandizo chitha kupitilira gawo lachiwiri. Pulogalamu yamaganizidwe imakhazikikanso pa masewera a yoga kapena olimbitsa thupi posinkhasinkha. Kukonzanso masewera olimbitsa thupi kumatha kufuna kusintha m'maganizo chifukwa chokhala ndi chidaliro, kukhutitsidwa, komanso kumverera kwatsopano kwa chisangalalo.

KUKANGANANI

Pali zifukwa zambiri zosokoneza, kupezeka pa intaneti ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ophunzira a koleji azigwiritsa ntchito mopitilira (Anderson, 2012; Lin ndi Tsai, 2002). Ngati mwayi ndiulere komanso wosavuta, ophunzira aku koleji nthawi zambiri amakhala pachiwopsezo chokhala okonda kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti (Kandell, 1998). Ku South Korea, aliyense ali ndi mwayi wosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti chifukwa cha intaneti yonse ndipo akhoza kukhala osatetezeka pakugwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Kotero chilungamo sichili chilungamo pa intaneti komanso chizolowezi cha smartphone. Tiyenera kuwongolera intaneti ndi ma intaneti.

Mpaka pano, pulogalamu ya achinyamata yolowera pa intaneti ya Achinyamata idapangidwa ndi njira zamakedzana zomwe zimayimira njira zamakhalidwe oyang'anira ndikuzindikira za chiwopsezo komanso kutha kwazomwe zimapangitsa anthu kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, ndikuphunzira njira zowongolera momwe akumvera kenako kusintha momwe akuchitira. Poyankha ku chiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha kusuta kwa intaneti ndi zotsatirapo zake zoyipa, pakufunika kuyesa mitundu yolowerera. Tsoka ilo, kafukufuku wa mabukuwa akuwonetsa kuti pali njira zochepa zothandizira anthu kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, monga kulowererapo kwa CBT ndi MI, chithandizo cha gulu ndi kuphatikiza kwa Readiness to Change (RtC), (Orzack et al., 2006), komanso pulogalamu ya upangiri wa gulu la Reality.

Tidawunika polemba pofotokoza za chithandizo chamankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito zochita zambiri pochotsa kusokonekera kwa intaneti kutengera zomwe zidawonjezera chilengedwe. Zosangalatsa zochizira ndizokonda kwambiri mitundu yosangalatsa ya banja, mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito nyimbo pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi ndi kupanikizika, kuwonjezera mpumulo komanso kuyambitsa zochitika za shamanic.

Kukonzanso masewera olimbitsa thupi sikugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri intaneti mpaka pano, koma akapatsidwa wophunzira wachinyamata yemwe amakonda kwambiri intaneti, kukonzanso masewera olimbitsa thupi kungakhale ntchito yabwino yomwe akufuna kuchita komanso kuthandiza kukulitsa thanzi lawo komanso malingaliro.

MAFUNSO

Pepala ili lidayesa kufotokoza momwe lingagwiritsidwire ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo osiyanasiyana komanso kuthekera kochita zolimbitsa thupi. Kuti tigwirizane mwachidule, tawonetsa kuti njira zowoneka za 2: chithandizo chamakhalidwe ndi chithandizo chowonjezera. Muyeso wogawa mankhwalawa uchotserezedwe wamisala wayambira njira ndi zomwe zimayambitsa. Pali zinthu za 2 zopangitsa kuwonjezera; Izi ndi zomwe munthu aliyense payekha ndi zomwe amazungulira. CBT imayimira njira zakale zosintha malingaliro owonjezera ndi machitidwe. MI ndiwofotokozeranso mwachidule kwa omwe samakhala wokonzeka kusintha momwe amakhalira. MCBT komanso chithandizo chogwirizana ndi CBT. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotsatira mfundo yovuta, MBRP kapena ZAMBIRI. Zikuwoneka kuti zosangalatsa zochizira, njira zama nyimbo pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito zamagetsi ndi zojambulajambula ndizothandiza pophatikiza. Mwambiri, ndizotheka kwambiri kuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungagwiritsenso ntchito kusuta kwa smartphone.

Mtsutso womwe uli pulogalamu yabwino kwambiri pakati pa chithandizo chamankhwala ndi chithandizo chowonjezera ndikuwononga nthawi. Zomwe ziyenera kutsimikizidwa ndi kafukufuku wamtsogolo ndikufufuza kochokera pakompyuta komwe kumawunikira zofunikira. Dongosolo lokonzanso masewera olimbitsa thupi amathanso kukhala imodzi mwapulogalamu yayikulu yosokoneza bongo ya smartphone koma ntchito yayikulu imayenera kuchitika.

Mawu a M'munsi

KUCHITA ZOKHUDZA

Palibe mikangano yomwe ingakhalepo yokhudza nkhaniyi.

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