Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016 Aug 29; 12: 2233-6. onetsani: 10.2147 / NDT.S110156.
Chen Y1, Kang Y2, Gong W3, Iye L1, Jin Y1, Zhu X1, Yao Y1.
Kudalirika
ZOKHUDZA NDI ZOCHITA:
Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kufotokoza maonekedwe ndi kufalikira kwa chizoloŵezi cha intaneti (IA) achinyamata kuti apereke maziko a sayansi kumadera, sukulu, ndi mabanja.
ZITSANZO:
Tinachita kafukufuku ndi masamu osakanikirana ndi ophunzira a 5,249, kuyambira pa 7 mpaka 12, m'chigawo cha Anhui, ku China. Mafunsowa anali ndi mauthenga onse ndi mayeso a IA. Chiyeso cha chi-square chinagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza ndi udindo wa matenda a IA (IAD).
ZOKHUDZA:
Zotsatira zathu, kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha IAD ndi omwe si a IAD mwa ophunzira chinali 8.7% (459 / 5,249) ndi 76.2% (4,000 / 5,249), motsatira. Kuwona kwa chiwerengero cha IAD mwa amuna (12.3%) chinali chapamwamba kuposa akazi (4.9%). Kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha IAD chinali chosiyana kwambiri pakati pa ophunzira ochokera kumidzi (8.2%) ndi m'midzi (9.3%), pakati pa ophunzira ochokera mmadera osiyanasiyana, pakati pa ophunzira ochokera m'mabanja okhaokha (9.5%) ndi mabanja omwe si ana okhawo (8.1) %), ndi pakati pa ophunzira osiyana mitundu.
POMALIZA:
Kukula kwa IA kumakhala pakati pa achinyamata a ku China. IAD imakhudza kwambiri ophunzira aamuna, mabanja osakwatira ana, mabanja amodzi okha, komanso ophunzira apamwamba. Tiyenera kusamalira kwambiri ana a sukulu, ophunzira a mwana yekha, ndi ophunzira omwe amakhala ndi makolo awo, ndipo maphunziro okhudzana nawo ayenera kukhala olimbikitsa kuti anthu azidziwika ndi IDA.
MAFUNSO:
Intaneti; khalidwe lachiwerewere; achinyamata; zofufuza zaumoyo
PMID: 27621633
PMCID: PMC5010169
Mbiri ndi cholinga
Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kufotokoza maonekedwe ndi kufalikira kwa chizoloŵezi cha intaneti (IA) achinyamata kuti apereke maziko a sayansi kumadera, sukulu, ndi mabanja.
Njira
Tinachita kafukufuku ndi masamu osakanikirana ndi ophunzira a 5,249, kuyambira pa 7 mpaka 12, m'chigawo cha Anhui, ku China. Mafunsowa anali ndi mauthenga onse ndi mayeso a IA. Chiyeso cha chi-square chinagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza ndi udindo wa matenda a IA (IAD).
Results
Zotsatira zathu, kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha IAD ndi omwe si a IAD mwa ophunzira chinali 8.7% (459 / 5,249) ndi 76.2% (4,000 / 5,249), motsatira. Kuwona kwa chiwerengero cha IAD mwa amuna (12.3%) chinali chapamwamba kuposa akazi (4.9%). Kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha IAD chinali chosiyana kwambiri pakati pa ophunzira ochokera kumidzi (8.2%) ndi m'midzi (9.3%), pakati pa ophunzira ochokera mmadera osiyanasiyana, pakati pa ophunzira ochokera m'mabanja okhaokha (9.5%) ndi mabanja omwe si ana okhawo (8.1) %), ndi pakati pa ophunzira osiyana mitundu.
Kutsiliza
Kukula kwa IA kumakhala pakati pa achinyamata a ku China. IAD imakhudza kwambiri ophunzira aamuna, mabanja osakwatira ana, mabanja amodzi okha, komanso ophunzira apamwamba. Tiyenera kusamalira kwambiri ana a sukulu, ophunzira a mwana yekha, ndi ophunzira omwe amakhala ndi makolo awo, ndipo maphunziro okhudzana nawo ayenera kukhala olimbikitsa kuti anthu azidziwika ndi IDA.
Introduction
Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi ma teknoloji yamakono, kufunafuna chidziwitso ndi kulankhulana ndi imelo kwakhala kosavuta kwa ife. Koma pamene makanemawa adagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso, chodabwitsa chotchedwa "Internet addiction (IA)" chinachitika.1 Padziko lonse, ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti adutsa kale 3 biliyoni.2 Republic of People's Republic of China ili ndi anthu oposa 182,000 omwe amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti pa January 256, omwe amawerengera 2014% ya chiwerengero cha achinyamata.3
Matenda a intaneti (IAD), omwe tsopano amatchedwa kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti movutikira, kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti mosavuta, kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti mopitirira muyeso, kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta molakwika, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta, choyamba chinakonzedwa ndi Goldberg yemwe ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo a ku America; Ndizimene zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri Intaneti ndipo zimachititsa kuti anthu azivutika maganizo. Beard ndi Wolf, omwe ndi akatswiri a maganizo a ku America,4 Anakambanso kuti IAD imatanthawuza chinthu chodabwitsa ichi ndi intaneti yokha, monga kuyankhulana kwa intaneti ndi zina zotsika kwambiri pa intaneti.5
Akatswiri ena apeza kuti IAD imagwirizana ndi umunthu,6-8 kudzidalira,9,10 chithandizo cha chikhalidwe,9 kudzipha, maganizo osokonezeka,11 zojambula,12 zizindikiro zowawa,3 zamoyo.6 Ngakhale kuti palibe njira yothetsera matenda, IA ingatanthauzidwe kuti ndi yochulukirapo, yongokakamiza, yosasinthasintha, yogwiritsira ntchito intaneti, yomwe imayambitsanso kukhumudwa kwakukulu ndi kuwonongeka kwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.13 Ndikofunika kuzindikira zotsutsana za IA.14
Pafupifupi 25% ya ogwiritsa ntchito akukwaniritsa njira za IA mkati mwa miyezi yoyamba ya 6 yogwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Anthu ambiri poyamba amawopsezedwa ndi makompyuta, ndipo pang'onopang'ono amamva kukhala "okhwima ndi okondwa pozindikira luso lamakono ndi kuphunzira kuyendetsa ntchito mofulumira ndi kukweza maso". Kumverera kwachisangalalo kungathe kufotokozedwa ndi momwe odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kawirikawiri amadzifotokozera monga: olimba, otuluka, oganiza bwino, odzitukumula, komanso odzitamandira.4 Kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha IA ku Hong Kong achinyamata akuchokera ku 17% mpaka 26.8% pazaka za sekondale.15
Ochita kafukufuku ayesa kupeza zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Mwamuna,16 siteji ya maphunziro, nthawi yambiri yogwiritsira ntchito intaneti, nthawi yambiri yogwiritsira ntchito Intaneti, mtengo wamagetsi wogwiritsiridwa ntchito, ndi kumwa tiyi17 anali ena mwa zinthu zomwe zimapezeka kuti zikugwirizana ndi IA.
Phunziroli likufuna kufufuza momwe Intaneti imagwiritsira ntchito intaneti ku sukulu ya Anhui, kuti apereke zambiri zothandiza kupewa komanso kuthandizira pakuthandiza achinyamata a IAD.
Njira
ophunzira
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito magulu anagwiritsidwa ntchito kusankha osankhidwa a 5,249 omwe adachokera ku sukulu zapamwamba zinayi ndi masukulu anayi akuluakulu ku Anhui (People's Republic of China).18 Mu People's Republic of China, maphunziro adagawidwa m'magulu atatu: maphunziro apamwamba, maphunziro apamwamba, ndi maphunziro akuluakulu. Maphunziro apamwamba ku People's Republic of China akuphatikizapo maphunziro apachiyambi, maphunziro apamwamba, ndi maphunziro apamwamba a sekondale. Maphunziro a sekondale amagawidwa maphunziro apamwamba ndi maphunziro apadera / maphunziro apamwamba. Maphunziro apamwamba a sukulu ali ndi sukulu yapamwamba ya 7-9) ndi sukulu ya sekondale (grade range 10-12).
Njira
Phunziroli linali ndi mfundo zambiri (sukulu, kugonana, zaka, msinkhu, mtundu, malo apabanja, kutalika, kulemera, kaya ndi mwana, ndi zina) komanso kudziyesa IA scale (IA test).19 Mayeso a IA anali ndi zinthu za 20, ndipo chinthu chilichonse chidavotera pamiyeso ya 5-kuyambira "osowa kwambiri" (1) mpaka "pafupipafupi" (5). Chiwerengero chonse cha chinthu chilichonse chimawerengedwa. Chiwerengero chonse cha zinthu zonse chidamasuliridwa motere: ≥Mapepala 50 ngati gulu la IAD ndi <50 mfundo ngati gulu lomwe silili la IAD.
Opaleshoni
Phunziroli linayendetsedwa mogwirizana ndi akuluakulu a sukulu. Atapereka chilolezo ku kafukufuku wam'kalasi, kafukufukuyo anachitidwa m'sukulu zinayi zapakati ndi yunivesite imodzi; aphunzitsi onse oyambirira pa gulu lililonse la maphunziro adadziwitsidwa kuti ayambe nawo mbali ndi ophunzira awo. Asanayambe kutenga nawo mbali, ophunzirawo analandira zambiri zolemba ndi zamlomo zokhudza phunziro, kuphatikizapo zachinsinsi komanso ufulu wosayanjana nawo. Kafukufukuyu anayang'aniridwa ndi membala wa gulu lathu lofufuza zomwe adayankha mafunso ochokera kwa ophunzira. Mafunsowa adatenga maminiti a 45 kuti amalize nthawi ya sukulu. Panthawiyi, funsoli linali losadziwika ndipo panalibe ma rekodi kapena ma code omwe adapezeka. Ophunzirawo anali odziwa zambiri pazomwe anafunsira komanso kuvomerezedwa kwa makolowo.
Kusanthula kusanthula
Pulogalamu ya Epidata 3.0 (http://www.epidata.dk/) adagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa deta ndi deta yolowera; Pulogalamu ya SPSS 20.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) inagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kusanthula deta; Chi-square test ankagwiritsira ntchito kuyerekeza kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha IAD kwa achinyamata kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Ethics
Ophunzira onse adadziwitsidwa za phunzirolo, ndipo chilolezo chodziwika bwino chinaperekedwa kuchokera ku sukulu zonse komanso kwa alangizi a makolo / ophunzira. Bungwe Loyang'anira Bungwe la Wannan Medical College linavomereza kuphunzira.
Results
Zotsatira zathu, kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha IAD ndi osati a IAD mwa ophunzira chinali 8.7% (459 / 5,249) ndi 76.2% (4,000 / 5,249). Gulu 1 amasonyeza zikuluzikulu za ophunzira kuphatikizapo. Gulu 2 amavomereza kuti chiwerengero cha IAD pakati pa amuna (12.3%) chinali chachikulu kuposa cha akazi (4.9%), ndipo chiwerengero cha IAD chinali chosiyana pakati pa ophunzira ochokera kumidzi (8.2%) ndi m'midzi (9.3%), pakati ophunzira ochokera pa sukulu zosiyanasiyana, pakati pa ophunzira ochokera m'banja la ana okhaokha (9.5%) ndi ana osakhala ana okha (8.1%), ndi pakati pa ophunzira ochokera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Kukambirana
Kukula kwa intaneti kwakhudza kwambiri ntchito yathu, phunziro, ndi moyo, komanso kunayambitsa mavuto osiyanasiyana. Posachedwapa, kafukufuku anapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa IA ndi 6.0% pakati pa achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti.20 Tinapezanso zotsatira zofanana mu phunziro lathu, kumene chiwerengero cha IAD chinali 8.7%. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kuchuluka kwa IA kwa ophunzira aamuna kunali kwakukulu kuposa ophunzira aakazi, chifukwa chotheka kuti mwina umunthu ndi khalidwe ndizosiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Kusiyana kumeneku pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kungathenso kufotokozera kuti amuna amachita nawo ntchito pa intaneti, monga masewera, zolaula, ndi juga, zomwe zingayambitse kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti mosavuta. Mu phunziroli, chiwerengero cha IA kwa ophunzira ochokera kumidzi ndi kumidzi chinali chosiyana kwambiri, chomwe chingathe kufotokozedwa ndi kuti achinyamata omwe ali m'madera akumidzi alibe mwayi wopita ku intaneti.
Zotsatirazo zinasonyezanso kuti kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha achinyamata a IA pakati pa sukulu zosiyanasiyana kunali kosiyana kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha IA chinawonjezeka ndi kalasi. Chifukwa chotheka kuti ophunzira apamwamba amakhala omasuka kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndikukumana ndi zovuta zochepa kuchokera kwa makolo awo.
Kafukufuku wathu adawonetsa kuti IA mlingo wa ophunzira omwe ali mwana yekha ndi wapamwamba kusiyana ndi ophunzira omwe si ana okhawo. Boma la Chikominisi la Chikominisi la China lakhala likulimbikitsa mwatsatanetsatane ndondomeko ya mwana wawo umodzi kwa zaka makumi khumi ndi ziwiri za 3. Ndondomeko ya ana amodzi mumzindawu imakhala bwino kuposa madera akumidzi, choncho mwana yekhayo ali mumzinda wapamwamba kusiyana ndi kumidzi. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, umwini wa makompyuta ndi intaneti wakula mofulumira m'midzi, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti kwa ophunzira.
Phunziroli likuwonetsanso kuti chiwerengero cha ophunzira a IA n'chosiyana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya banja. Kuphatikiza apo, ophunzira omwe amakhala ndi makolo awo amakhala ndi chiwerengero chokwanira cha IA, chomwe chingayambitsidwe chifukwa chosowa maphunziro a amayi ndi chisamaliro.
Kuyeza
Limbikitsani maphunziro a zaumoyo
Kwa achinyamata, cholinga cha maphunziro a umoyo waumoyo ndi chitukuko cha ubongo ndi ubongo wa achinyamata mwa sayansi, zomwe zingathandize achinyamata kuti azikhala odziletsa, azilimbikitsana ndi kuwongolera, komanso amapewe kuyesedwa kwa intaneti. Kuonjezera apo, dipatimenti ya zaumoyo yothandizira zaumoyo iyenera kuthandiza achinyamata kumvetsetsa maukondewa, kusiyanitsa kusiyana pakati pa dziko lenileni ndi pa intaneti, ndikukonza maganizo awo pa intaneti.
Pangani malo abwino okhala panyumba
M'banja la kholo limodzi, ana ali ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba cha IA. Ana sangapeze kutentha kokwanira kuchokera kwa kholo limodzi, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa umunthu wathanzi komanso khalidwe labwino. Internet imapatsa ana malo omasuka ndi omasuka; iwo amapeza ufulu wa mzimu ndi maganizo a catharsis pa intaneti. Chikhumbo cholankhulana chimapangitsa kuti apulumuke ku moyo weniweni, komanso kuti azikhala osokoneza bongo pang'onopang'ono. Makolo ayenera kulumikizana ndi banja lachikondi komanso logwirizana, kuti ana azikhala ndi chikondi kuchokera ku banja.
Kutsiliza
Kukula kwa IA kumakhala pakati pa achinyamata a ku China. IAD imakhudza kwambiri ophunzira aamuna, mabanja osakwatira ana, mabanja amodzi okha, komanso ophunzira apamwamba. Chisamaliro chochuluka chiyenera kutengedwa kuchokera kwa ophunzira aamuna, ophunzira a mwana yekha, ndi ophunzira omwe amakhala ndi makolo awo, ndipo maphunziro okhudzana nawo ayenera kulimbikitsidwa pa nkhani zovuta za IAD.
Kuvomereza
Kafukufukuyu anathandizidwa ndi kafukufuku wa a Humanities ndi Social Science Project ya Dipatimenti ya Anhui (No 2011sk257), Anhui College of Humanities ndi Social Sciences Key Research Base Project (No SK2014A110), komanso polojekiti ya pakati pa achinyamata ya Wannan Medical College (No WKS201305).
Mawu a M'munsi
Zopereka za wolemba
YY ndi YJ, lingaliro lophunzirira ndi kupanga; LH ndi XZ, kusanthula ndi kutanthauzira deta; YK ndi WG, kusanthula chiwerengero; YY, ndalama zopezeka; YY kuyang'anira kuyang'anira. Olemba onse adapereka ndondomeko yowonongeka kwa deta, kulembera ndikubwezeretsanso pepala ndikuvomereza kuti adzayankha mlandu pa mbali zonse za ntchitoyi.
Kuwulura
Olembawo amanena kuti palibe zovuta zokhudzana ndi ntchitoyi.
Zothandizira