Wolemba Sandee LaMotte, CNN
Lumikizanani ndi nkhani: Mon November 4, 2019
Malangizo atsopano pa nthawi yophimba ya ana aang'ono 00: 42
(CNN) Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi ndi makanda, ana komanso ophunzitsira aphulika zaka khumi zapitazi, ponena za akatswiri pazokhudza televizioni, mapiritsi ndi mafoni pazaka zovuta izi zomwe ubongo wakhazikika.
Tsopano kafukufuku watsopano anafufuza ubongo wa ana azaka 3 mpaka 5 wazaka ndipo adapeza kuti omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zowonera kuposa ola limodzi patsiku popanda kutenga nawo mbali makolo anali ndi magawo ochepa otukuka pankhani yoyera yaubongo - gawo lofunikira pakukula kwa chilankhulo , kulemba ndi kuwerenga komanso luso lotha kuzindikira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe apamwamba pazithunzi kumalumikizidwa ndi timapepala tating'ono tokhazikitsa bwino bwino (tawonetsedwa ndi buluu m'chifanizo) muubongo wonse.
Wolemba mabuku Dr. John Hutton, katswiri wa ana komanso wofufuza zamankhwala ku Cincinnati Children's Hospital, anati: "Aka ndi kafukufuku woyamba kulemba mayanjano omwe ali pakati pazogwiritsa ntchito pazenera komanso njira zochepa zamaubongo ndi luso la ana asanakonzekere." Phunzirolo linali lofalitsidwa Lolemba mu JAMA Pediatrics.
"Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa ubongo ukukula mwachangu kwambiri mzaka zisanu zoyambirira," adatero Hutton. "Ndipamene ubongo umakhala wapulasitiki kwambiri ndipo umanyamula chilichonse, ndikupanga kulumikizana kwamphamvu kumeneku kwanthawi zonse."
Zojambula 'kutsatira ana kulikonse'
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuwonera kwambiri pa TV kumalumikizidwa ndi kusatha kwa ana kulipira chidwi ndi kulingalira bwino,. mavuto azikhalidwe. Mabungwe awonetsedwanso pakati pa nthawi yayikulu yotchinga ndi kuchedwa kwa chilankhulo, kugona tulo, opuwala wamkulu ntchito, ndi kuchepa kwa chibwenzi cha kholo ndi mwana.
"Zimadziwika kuti ana omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yambiri pazenera amakulira m'mabanja omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yambiri pazenera," adatero Hutton. "Ana omwe amafotokoza nthawi yotalikirapo maola asanu atha kukhala ndi makolo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi 10 pazenera. Ikani pamodzi ndipo sipangakhale nthawi yoti azicheza. ”
Kuphatikiza apo, kusunthika kwamakanema amakono kumawalola "kutsatira ana kulikonse." Hutton adati. "Amatha kutenga zowonetsera pogona, amatha kupita nawo kokadya, amatha kupita nawo pagalimoto, kumalo osewerera."
Zambiri, atero akatswiri, ndi zaka zazing'ono zomwe ana akuwonekera.
"Pafupifupi 90% akugwiritsa ntchito zowonera pofika chaka chimodzi," atero a Hutton, omwe adafalitsa kafukufuku wambiri yemwe adagwiritsa ntchito ma MRIs pofufuza momwe kuwerenga kumawerengera motsutsana ndi ana. "Tachita maphunziro omwe ana amawagwiritsa ntchito pofika miyezi iwiri mpaka miyezi itatu."
Zoyipitsidwa zoyera
Kafukufuku watsopanoyo adagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wapadera wa MRI, wotchedwa infusion tensor imaging, kuyang'ana ubongo wa ana a 47 athanzi olimbitsa thupi (atsikana a 27 ndi anyamata a 20) omwe anali asanayambe sukulu ya kindergarten.
Kuphatikizika kwa MRI kumatha kuyang'anitsitsa bwino zoyera zaubongo, zomwe zimayambitsa kukonza kulumikizana pakati pa magawo osiyanasiyana amtundu waubongo.
Lekani kusiya ana anu kuti aziwonera ma iPads m'malesitilanti, asayansi amatero
Ndi imvi yomwe imakhala ndimaselo ambiri amaubongo omwe amauza thupi zoyenera kuchita. Choyera chimapangidwa ndi ulusi, womwe umagawidwa m'matumba otchedwa timapepala, timene timapanga kulumikizana pakati pama cell amubongo ndi dongosolo lonse lamanjenje.
"Talingalirani za zoyera ngati zingwe, ngati mafoni omwe amalumikiza magawo osiyanasiyana aubongo kuti azitha kulankhulana," adatero Hutton.
Kupanda kukula kwa "zingwe" izi kumachepetsa kuthamanga kwa ubongo; mbali inayi, kafukufuku onetsani kuti kuwerenga, kuchita masewera kapena kuphunzira ndikugwiritsa ntchito chida choimbira kumathandizira kukonza ndi kapangidwe kazinthu zoyera zaubongo.
MRI isanachitike, anawo adapatsidwa mayeso ozindikira, pomwe makolo adadzaza njira yatsopano yowonera pazenera nthawi yopangidwa ndi American Academy of Pediatrics.
Kuyesaku kumayesa kuchuluka kwa mwana pazenera (kuloledwa pachakudya, mgalimoto, pamzere m'sitolo?), Kuchulukitsa kwa nthawi (zaka zayamba, kuchuluka kwa maola, asanagone?), Okhutira (amasankha mawotchi ake akumenya nkhondo kapena nyimbo kapena maphunziro?) ndi kulumikizana kwa "dialogic" (kodi mwana amayang'ana yekha kapena kholo limalumikizana ndikukambirana zomwe zilipo?).
Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti ana omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yochulukirapo kuposa yolimbikitsidwa ndi AAP, ola limodzi patsiku popanda kulumikizana ndi makolo, anali ndi vuto loyera, lopanda chitukuko muubongo wonse.
"Nthawi yowonera ana awa inali yopitilira maola awiri patsiku," adatero Hutton. "Amasiyana kuchokera pafupifupi ola limodzi mpaka kupitirira maola asanu."
Kuphatikiza apo, timapepala tating'ono tomwe timayang'anira ntchito zazikulu tinapangidwanso mopanga ziwalo (za gawo laubongo zomwe zimawonetsedwa mubuluu pachithunzichi).
Lingaliro ili likuwonetsa matrakiti atatu akuluakulu omwe akukhudzidwa ndi luso la chilankhulo ndi kuwerenga: the arcuate fasciculus, shaded in white, yomwe imagwirizanitsa malo aubongo omwe akukhudzidwa ndi chilankhulidwe chovomerezeka. Imeneyi ndi ya bulauni imathandizira kutumiza mayina mwachangu kwa zinthu, ndi imodzi yamtengo, zithunzi. Mtundu wamtambo umawonetsa kuchepa kwa zinthu zoyera kwa ana omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali.
"Awa ndi njira zomwe tikudziwa kuti zimakhudzidwa ndi chilankhulo komanso kuwerenga," adatero Hutton, "Ndipo awa ndi omwe anali osatukuka kwenikweni mwa ana awa omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yowonera. Chifukwa chake zomwe apezazo zakhala zikuyenda bwino kwambiri ndikufufuza kwamakhalidwe. ”
'Neurons omwe amayaka pamodzi waya'
"Zotsatira izi ndizosangalatsa koma kwenikweni, zoyambirira," adokotala a ana Dr. Jenny Radesky adalemba mu imelo. Radesky, yemwe sanachite nawo kafukufukuyu, ndiye wolemba wamkulu pa American Academy of Pediatrics Maupangiri a 2016 pakugwiritsa ntchito skrini ndi ana komanso achinyamata.
"Tikudziwa kuti zokumana nazo zoyambirira zimapanga kukula kwaubongo, ndipo media ndichimodzi mwazomwe zakhala zikuchitika. Koma ndikofunikira kuti makolo adziwe kuti zotsatirazi sizikuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri media kumawononga 'ubongo,' ”Radesky adalemba.
Hutton akuvomereza. "Sikuti nthawi yophimba idawononga zoyera," adatero, ndikuwonjeza kuti zomwe zingachitike ndikuti nthawi yophimba ndiyoperewera kukula kwa ubongo.
"Mwina nthawi yowonera idalowetsa zochitika zina zomwe zikadatha kuthandiza ana kulimbitsa maubongo awa mwamphamvu kwambiri," adatero.
Zaka zoyambirira zaumoyo zimayenera kuyang'ana pa zochitika za anthu zomwe zimalimbikitsa kuyankhula, kucheza pagulu komanso kusewera ndi owasamalira mwachikondi kuti apange kulingalira, kuthetsa mavuto ndi luso lina lalikulu.
"Pali mawu abwino kwambiri mu sayansi yaubongo: Ma Neuron omwe amayatsa moto pamodzi," adatero Hutton. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mukamachita chilichonse mukamalimbitsa ndi kukonza kulumikizana kwa ubongo wanu.
Kuyesa kozindikira kunapeza maluso ochepa
Kuphatikiza pazotsatira za MRI, nthawi yayikulu yowonekera idalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi luso losauka lomwe likubwera komanso luso logwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo, komanso kuyesa wotsika pa kuthekera kwa kutchula mwachangu zinthu paziyeso zodziwikiratu zomwe zimatengedwa ndi ana a 47 phunziroli.
"Kumbukirani kuti zonsezi ndizapafupi," adatero Hutton, ndikuwonjeza kuti mayesero ozama azachipatala akuyenera kuchitidwa kuti athetse zenizeni.
"Komabe, ndizotheka kuti pakapita nthawi, zotsatirazi zitha kuwonjezera," adatero Hutton. “Tikudziwa kuti ana omwe amayambira kumbuyo amakonda kubwerera m'mbuyo akamakalamba.
"Zitha kukhala choncho kuti ana omwe amayamba ndi zida zochepa zaubongo sangakhale otanganidwa, owerenga bwino pambuyo pake kusukulu," atero a Hutton, amenenso amatsogolera ku Reading & Literacy Discovery Center ku Cincinnati Children's.
Radesky akufuna kuwona zotsatira zikutsatiridwa mwa anthu ena. "Ofufuza ndi madotolo a ana ayenera kutenga ngati poyambira kafukufuku wamtsogolo," adalemba. "Pali zifukwa zambiri zakunyumba ndi mabanja zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwaubongo - monga kupsinjika, thanzi lamaganizidwe a makolo, kusewera pamasewera, kutulutsa chilankhulo - ndipo palibe zomwe zidafunsidwa phunziroli."
Zomwe makolo angachite
"Zimakhala zopweteka kwambiri kuganiza kuti chisankho chathu chilichonse chokhudza makolo chimakhudza kukula kwa ubongo wa mwana wathu, koma ndikofunikira kuti tiwone izi ngati mwayi," adatero Radesky.
"Pali zochitika za kholo ndi mwana zomwe tikudziwa zimathandizira kukula kwa ana: kuwerenga, kuimba, kulumikizana mwamalingaliro, kukhala opanga, kapena kungoyenda pang'ono kapena kupatula nthawi m'masiku athu otanganidwa kuseka limodzi," adaonjeza.
AAP ili ndi zida zoti kuwerengera nthawi yapa media ya mwana wanu Kenako khazikitsani dongosolo lazama TV. Malangizo oyambira ndi awa:
Makanda:
Palibe mwana wazaka za 18 wazaka zakubadwa yemwe amayenera kuwonetsedwa pazowonera pazenera, kupatula kucheza kwa kanema ndi abwenzi ndi abale, AAP imatero. Makanda amafunika kulumikizana ndi omwe amawasamalira komanso malo awo, osayikidwa patsogolo pa media ngati abwana
M'malo mwake, kafukufuku adapeza kuti ngakhale kukhala ndi TV mchipinda chimodzi ndi mwana kapena mwana wakhanda kudawasokoneza kuti athe kusewera komanso kulumikizana.
Ana achichepere:
Mwana akamakwanitsa zaka 2, amatha kuphunzira mawu kuchokera kwa munthu yemwe amakhala nawo pavidiyo komanso pazowonera. Chofunikira kwambiri pakuthandizira kuthekera kwa mwana wakhanda kuti aphunzire kuchokera kumavidiyo aana ndi zowonera pazowonera, kafukufuku akuwonetsa, ndi pamene makolo amawonera nawo ndikubwezeretsanso zomwe zili.
Preschoolers:
Ana azaka zapakati pa 3 mpaka 5 amatha kupindula ndi makanema abwino a pa TV, monga "Sesame Street," AAP ikutero. Chiwonetsero chopangidwa bwino chitha kukonza luso la kuzindikira kwa mwana, kuthandiza kuphunzitsa mawu, ndikukhudza chitukuko chawo.
Koma AAP imachenjeza kuti mapulogalamu ambiri ophunzitsira pamsika sanapangidwe kuchokera kuzowonjezera kuchokera kwa akatswiri azachitukuko ndipo atha kuvulaza kuposa zabwino akamachotsa mwana nthawi yocheza ndi omwe amawasamalira komanso ana ena.
Ndipo monga ana oyenda pansi, ophunzirira amaphunzira bwino kuchokera ku zida zamaphunziro zilizonse akaphunzitsidwa, ndipo wowasamalira amalumikizana ndi mwanayo pazinthuzo.
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