M'ndemanga iyi, ndimakambirana pepala laposachedwa lolembedwa ndi Király et al. (2018), yomwe imapereka kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane kwa malingaliro aposachedwa komanso omwe angakhalepo othetsera masewera ovuta ndikuwonetsa njira zomwe zilipo pakadali pano zikuphatikiza izi (a) kuchepetsa kupezeka kwa masewera apakanema, (b) kuchepetsa ngozi ndi kuvulaza, ndi (c) othandizira opanga masewera. Ndemanga iyi imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zingapo zomwe Király et al. (2018) kuthana ndi vuto lamalingaliro pokambirana (a) malo azikhalidwe ndi (b) ochita masewerawa ndi malo amasewera kuti (c) apange mwayi wopewa kuti achepetse ngozi komanso kuvulaza ndikupereka chithandizo kwa osewera ndi mabanja.
M'ndemanga iyi, ndimakambirana pepala laposachedwa lolembedwa ndi Király et al. (2018), yomwe imapereka kuwunikira mwatsatanetsatane komanso mwatsatanetsatane ndondomeko zomwe zingachitike pothana ndi zovuta pamasewera ndikuwonetsa kuti mfundo zomwe zilipo pano m'maiko aku Asia, kuphatikiza Republic of Korea ndi People's Republic of China. Mapepala onse a 12 adadziwika, zomwe zidapangitsa olembawo kugawa njira zomwe zikupezeka motere: zomwe (a) zimachepetsa kupezeka kwamasewera, (b) zimachepetsa chiopsezo ndi zovulaza, ndipo (c) zimathandizira osewera. Onse, Király et al. (2018) adati kutengera ndi umboni womwe wapezedwa, njira zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kale sizinathandize mokwanira ndipo sizinayesedwe mokwanira; Chifukwa chake, amafuna njira zowonjezerera kuti akwaniritse mfundo zomwe zikupezeka pano. Ndemanga iyi imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zingapo zomwe Király et al. (2018) kuthana ndi vuto la mfundo ndi malamulo pokambirana za (a) chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi (b) ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi malo kuti (c) apange mlandu woletsa kuchepetsa chiopsezo ndikuvulaza komanso kuthandizira othandizira ochita masewera mabanja.
Ndondomeko ndi Malangizo
Ndondomeko ndi malamulo omwe masewerawa amachitika amathandizira pakuwonjezera zovuta zomwe zingayambitse mavuto chifukwa chosewerera kwambiri. Gawoli, ndiyang'ana momwe chikhalidwe cha anthu, masewera ochitira masewera, komanso malo amasewera.
Popeza pali malingaliro angapo omwe alipo ku Republic of Korea, Király et al. (2018) fotokozerani za chikhalidwe cha anthu m'dziko lomweli: msika wa pa intaneti ukupanga 19% ya msika wamasewera apadziko lonse ku Republic of South Korea, pomwe msika wamasewera apamwamba umapanga 14%, womwe ungaganizidwe kuti ndiwofunika kwambiri. Kutsatira 1995 Chimango Lamulo pa Kukweza Zakukula (Ministry of Information and Communication, 1995), yomwe cholinga chake ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yofalitsa mauthenga ndi njira yolumikizirana, kulowerera kwambiri pa intaneti kwakhala kofala ku Republic of Korea ndi 90% ya aku Korea omwe adakhala ndi intaneti yothamanga ku 2015. Kuphatikiza apo, WiFi yothamanga kwambiri imatha kupezeka kwaulere pamagalimoto a anthu komanso m'misewu ndi nyumba zapagulu, mosiyana ndi mayiko ena ambiri (monga UK), komwe liwiro la intaneti limatsika pang'ono ndipo mitengo yolumikizana idakalipobe (Rail Safety and Viards Board Limited, 2016). Dongosolo la intaneti ndi ukadaulo limathandizira kwambiri pamakhalidwe ndi malingaliro a anthu pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo. Ku China, mankhwala osokoneza bongo a pa intaneti adayesedwa ngati matenda amisala ku 2008, pomwe ku Europe, World Health Organisation (WHO) yaphatikizira Masewera a Gaming monga chizindikiritso chokhacho pambuyo pa zaka 10 pambuyo pake, ndikuwonetsa kuti pali kusiyana pa momwe kupanikizira zovuta zomwe zimagwirizanirana zimawonekera m'magawo ena. Kuphatikiza apo, m'maiko ena aku Asia, kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti komanso masewera osokoneza bongo amawonedwa ngati owopsa pamagulu, pomwe izi zikuwoneka kuti zikuwoneka bwino kwambiri m'maiko azizungu, kuphatikiza UK. Mwachitsanzo, ku UK, Her Green's Government Green Paper pa Njira Yotetezedwa Paintaneti (Boma la HM, 2017) sanathane ndi zovuta zilizonse zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Chifukwa chake, monga gawo la UK Council for Child Internet Security Umboni Gulu (UKCCIS-EG), ndidalemba zoyankha kuti ndibweretse nkhaniyi:
"EG (UK Council for Child Internet Security Umboni Gulu) yadzutsanso zakusokonekera pamasewera ndipo izi ndizofunikira makamaka popeza WHO yaganiza zophatikiza masewera a masewera mu ICD-11 yatsopano. Nkhani yayikulu yokhudza momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito intaneti bwino komanso mosasamala siyinayankhidwe mokwanira, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mochuluka kungayambitse zovuta zambiri zamaganizidwe, kuphatikizapo chizolowezi. Ngati nkhaniyi ikukhudzidwa ndi nthambi yaku UK ya Zaumoyo, tifuna kudziwa kuti ayankhe bwanji. Mpaka pano, maphunziro ambiri adaphimba zizindikiro zosokoneza bongo chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri masewera (mwachitsanzo, Kuss, Griffiths, & Pontes, 2017) ndi masamba ochezera (monga, Kuss & Griffiths, 2017), komanso zowonongeka zazidziwitso za ma smartphone pamtundu waumoyo wa anthu ndi moyo (mwachitsanzo, Kanjo, Kuss, & Ang, 2017). Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti pali umboni wamphamvu wosonyeza kuti pali zovuta komanso zowononga zakugwiritsa ntchito tekinoloje komanso intaneti pa thanzi la munthu m'maganizo, kuphatikizapo zizindikiro za kukhumudwa, nkhawa, komanso kuzolowera. American Psychiatric Association yaganiza zophatikiza 'Internet Gaming Disorder' mu mtundu waposachedwa kwambiri wa buku lawo lazidziwitso (DSM-5; Association of Psychiatric Association, 2013) ngati mkhalidwe womwe umafuna kuti kafukufuku wina aphatikizidwe mubukhu lalikulu. Momwemonso, WHO tsopano ikukambirana za kuphatikizidwa kwa 'Masewera Osokoneza Masewera' mu buku lofufuzira lazomwe likubwera, ICD-11, kuti ifalitsidwe mu 2018. Kufika pa zasayansi ndi zamankhwala ndikofunika pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri intaneti kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa mozama komanso kufufuza mozama. ”
Khama la UKCCIS-EG lodziwitsa anthu za malingaliro aboma likugwirizana ndi Király et al.'s (2018) wonani kutiMfundo zoyenera kutsata ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndikuwunikiridwa kwanuko"M'mene atchulira momveka bwino zakusiyana kwa maboma zomwe zingakhudze mitundu ndi mfundo zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Amanenanso kuti zoyeserera zomwe zimachepetsa kuchitapo kanthu kwa anthu omwe akuchita masewera a digito, omwe atuluka kale m'maiko aku Asia, sizingakhale zovomerezeka m'maiko akumadzulo, atha kuwonedwa ngati kuwukira ufulu wachipembedzo. Poganizira za kusiyana kwakukulu pamalingaliro azogwiritsidwa ntchito ndiukadaulo, kapangidwe kazandale, ndi chitaganya chamaboma m'maiko monse padziko lapansi, malingaliro pazokhudza mfundo za anthu, malamulo, komanso kupewa tekinoloje yamavuto ndi kugwiritsa ntchito masewerawa akuyenera kuthana nawo maziko azikhalidwe zomwe zikuchitika.Kuss, 2013). Ndondomeko ndi zoyeserera zomwe zimawoneka zogwira ntchito pachikhalidwe chimodzi sizingagwire ntchito zina chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa kuvomerezeka kwa anthu komanso kusiyana pakati pazikhalidwe ndi miyambo ndi chikhalidwe cha boma.
Wosewera ndi malo azosewerera
Király neri Al. (2018) imadzutsanso vuto kuti yankho la "chimodzi-choyenera-chonse" siloyenera poganizira ochita masewera omwe ali ndi zolinga zosiyana komanso amasewera masewera osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti machitidwe omwewo (monga kusewera masewera kwakanthawi, mwachitsanzo, 14 hr patsiku) sizimabweretsa zotsatira zofananira pakati pa opanga masewera (Griffiths, 2010). Nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito sikokwanira monga njira yochotsera yopanda vuto pamasewera ovuta (Király, Tóth, Urbán, Demetrovics, & Maraz, 2017). Zina ndizofunikira polosera zamankhwala, zomwe ndizoyambitsa masewera (Kuss, Louws, & Wiers, 2012) ndi momwe tekinoloyi imagwiritsidwira ntchito pofuna kuthana ndi zovuta za moyo watsiku ndi tsiku (Kuss, Dunn, et al., 2017). Zomwe ochita masewerawa amachita ndizofunikira kwambiri zomwe zingakhale zothandiza pakuchepetsa kusewera kwambiri pamasewera osokoneza bongo, ndipo malo omwe masewerawa amatha kupeza kufunika kwa osewera, kutengera ndi moyo wawo komanso zomwe amakonda. Kuphatikiza apo, chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha masewerawa ndichofunikira ndipo chikuyenera kuganiziridwa pamene chikupangitsa ochita masewerawa mdera lomwe akukhala ndi zikhulupiriro ndi machitidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa machitidwe a masewera ndi malingaliro ogwirizana nawo (Kuss, 2013).
Pankhani yochepetsa chiopsezo komanso kuvulaza ndikuletsa zovuta zokhudzana ndi masewera kuti zisachitike, Király et al. (2018) akuwonetsa kuti kusintha machenjezo m'masewera kutengera nthawi yomwe ochita masewera amathera pamasewera (mwachitsanzo, 25 kapena kupitilira maola sabata iliyonse mumasewera) kumawoneka ngati yankho labwino ndipo chifukwa chake njira zopewera zotheka zingakhale zoyenera. Njirayi imalola kuthana ndi zovuta makamaka osakhudza chisangalalo cha ochita masewera omwe alibe vuto lantchito yabwinobwino (Billieux, Schimmenti, Khazaal, Maurage, & Heeren, 2015).
Kuphatikiza apo, Király et al. (2018) apangireni kuti kudziwongolera pakokha kungavomerezedwe pamakampani ochita masewera, kuti makina opangidwira komanso kuyesedwa kwa makolo ndi mauthenga ochenjeza atha kuphatikizidwira muyeso wamasewera mosasintha (Van Rooij, Meerkerk, Schoenmakers, Griffiths, & van de Mheen, 2010). Miyezo yoyenera ya zaka zapakati pazotengera zachiwawa ndi zakugonana imaperekedwa ndi pulogalamu yakuyika yaku European European Information Board ku Europe ndi Entertainment Software Rating Board ku North America. Zowonjezera zokhudzana ndi mawonekedwe owonetsa a masewerawa atha kuyesedwa mtsogolo kuti mumvetsetse momwe njira zotere zitha kukhala zofunikira kulimbikitsira chisankho chogula bwino pamasewera okhudzana ndi kutetezedwa kwa thanzi la m'masewera.
Kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu wasonyeza kuti njira zopewera ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa poyambira njira zamankhwala kamodzi mavuto atachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito maseweraTurel, Mouttapa, & Donato, 2015). Njira iyi yawona thandizo, ndi Wampando wa National Institute for Health and Care Excellence akunena kuti kupewa ndikwabwino kuposa kuchiritsa (NICE, 2015). Kuletsa mavuto kuti asayambike poyambira ndi (a) kutsika mtengo kuchokera ku malingaliro othandizira azaumoyo, (b) kumachepetsa kuchepa kwa odwala, (c) kumawonjezera moyo wabwino komanso thanzi, (d) kumawonjezera phindu la ogwira ntchito, ndipo (e) amachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zaumoyo (O'Connell, Bwato, & Warner, 2009,, zonse zomwe ndizotsutsana mwamphamvu chifukwa chofikira njira yoletsa Kusokonezeka kwa Masewera a pa intaneti Ndikofunika kuchiza matenda atachokonekera.
Kutengera ndi zomwe zilipo padziko lonse lapansi zoletsa ndi mfundo, King et al. (2017) adawona kuti njira zopewetsera zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikuwoneka ngati zodalirika, ndikuzindikira Kusintha kwa Masewera ngati vuto [lomwe lachitidwa ndi gulu la WHO losinthidwa la matenda (ICD-11) lofalitsidwa mu 2018] likuthandizira kukulitsa njira zomwe zikuyembekezeka. Njira zodzitchinjiriza zomwe zikubwera zitha kupindula ndi zitsanzo zomwe zakhala zikuyenda bwino mdziko monga Republic of Korea, ndikusinthidwa malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha mayiko omwe njira izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kukulitsa kuzindikira kuyenera kulimbikitsidwe, pamene kuteteza ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndikuthandizira anthu ndi mabanja kuti apange zisankho zanzeru.
Ndi cholinga chamtsogolo, tili ndi ntchito yonse monga asayansi, azachipatala, makolo, aphunzitsi, maboma, mabungwe omwe siaboma, ndikutukula masewera kuti tidziwitse zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri teknoloji komanso kuteteza anthu kuti asakhale ndi mavuto chifukwa cha intaneti yawo yambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito masewera. Tiyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mogwirizana tikhazikitsa njira zofufuzira komanso zaumoyo kuti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, komanso pofuna kupewa njira zopewetsa, zothandizidwa ndi mfundo zoyenera za boma komanso njira zoyendetsera boma zomwe sizichepetsa kusangalala kwamasewera a digito komanso kupereka ulemu kwa aliyense komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu momwe masewera amachitika
A DJK anathandizira polemba nkhaniyi
Wolemba alibe mikangano yosangalatsa.
Zothandizira
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