Int J Zomwe Zingakuthandizeni Kukhala ndi Thanzi Labwino. 2018 Dec 14; 15 (12). pii: E2861. yani: 10.3390 / ijerph15122861.
Hsieh KY1,2, Hsiao RC3,4, Yang YH5,6, Liu TL7,8, Yen CF9,10.
Kudalirika
Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kudziwa zotsatira za kugonana, zaka, kupanikizika, ndi makhalidwe ovuta pa zochitika ndi kukhululukidwa kwa mankhwala a intaneti (IA) ku ophunzira a koleji potsatira chaka chimodzi chotsatira. Ophunzira a koleji a 500 (akazi a 262 ndi amuna a 238) adatumizidwa. Zotsatira zotsatila za kugonana, zaka, kuvutika maganizo, kudzipweteka / kudzipha, kuthetsa mavuto, khalidwe loopseza, kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, nkhanza, ndi kugonana kosadziteteza pa zotsatira ndi kukhululukidwa kwa IA pa chaka chimodzi chotsatira- pamwamba pake anafufuzidwa. Chiwerengero cha chaka chimodzi ndi dipo la IA linali 7.5% ndi 46.4%, motsatira. Kuchuluka kwa kuvutika maganizo, kudzivulaza ndi kudzipha, ndi kusagwirizana kosagwirizana ndi kugonana pa kufufuza koyamba kunaneneratu za chiwerengero cha IA mwa kusanthula kosawerengeka, komabe vuto lalikulu la kuvutika maganizo linaneneratu chiwerengero cha IA mu chikhalidwe chosokoneza maganizo (p = 0.015, zosokoneza chiŵerengero = 1.105, 95% nthawi zosadalira: 1.021⁻1.196). Msinkhu wamng'ono adaneneratu za kukhululukidwa kwa IA. Kupsinjika maganizo ndi msinkhu wachinyamata zinaneneratu za chikhalidwe ndi kukhululukidwa, mwachindunji, mwa a IA ophunzira a koleji m'kutsatira kwa chaka chimodzi.
MALANGIZO: kukhumudwa; zochitika; intaneti; wolosera; zovuta pamavuto; chikhululukiro
PMID: 30558175
4. Kukambirana
Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zidawonetsa kuti kukhumudwa ndi zaka zomwe zidaneneratu zochitika ndi kuchotsedwa kwa IA, momwemonso zovuta zamachitidwe sizinanenere za kusintha kwa IA mwa ophunzira aku koleji panthawi yophunzira. Kafukufuku wapaulendo anapeza mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa kukhumudwa ndi IA mwa ophunzira aku koleji [44,45]. Mbiri yotentha yomwe imaphatikizapo kupewa kuvulaza kwambiri, kudziwongolera pang'ono, mgwirizano wotsika, komanso kudziyimitsa pang'ono mwanjira ya mgwirizano pakati pa kukhumudwa ndi IA [46]. Kafukufukuyu adathandizanso gawo lakutsogolo la kukhumudwa chifukwa cha IA. Monga chinthu chosasinthika, kukhumudwa kuyenera kuzindikirika koyambirira ndikuwathandizira kuti akhale ndi thanzi lamaganizidwe ndikupewa chiwopsezo cha IA pakati pa ophunzira aku koleji. Kuthandiza anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa kuti azitha kuthana ndi vuto lawo ndi njira yothandiza yopewa matenda a IA [27,28].
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha ophunzira aku koleji omwe adapanga IA panthawi yophunzira anali ndi zochitika zodzivulaza, kudzipha, komanso kugonana kosalamulirika koyambira kuposa omwe sanayambitse IA. Kuwunikira mwadongosolo kunapezanso kuti anthu omwe ali ndi IA amatha kukhala ndi malingaliro osadzipha komanso omwe amadzipha kuposa omwe alibe IA [47]. Komabe, zolosera zamtsogolo zomwe zimadzivulaza, kudzipha, komanso kugonana kosalamulirika chifukwa cha zochitika za IA sizinali zopanda pake pakuwunika kosinthika kambiri kawiri pambuyo pa kuvutika mtima kumaganiziridwa nthawi imodzi. Zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa kuti kuyanjana kwa kudzivulaza, kudzipha, komanso kugonana kosagwirizana ndi zochitika za IA makamaka kumakhala chifukwa cha kukhumudwa.
Kafukufuku wapano adapeza kuti aubwana adaneneratu za kukhululukidwa kwa IA mwa ophunzira aku koleji. Ukalamba ungawonetse nthawi yochepa ya IA, zomwe zingakulitse kuthekera kwa chikhululukiro cha IA. Kafukufuku adapeza kusiyana kwa zaka muzochitika za intaneti; Mwachitsanzo, zaka zazing'ono zimalumikizidwa ndi kugula kwovuta pa intaneti [48,49]. Kaya zochitika zosiyanasiyana za pa intaneti zimapangitsa wachinyamata kukhala wolosera zakuchotsera kwa maphunziro a IA kuti apitirize kuphunzira.
Ngakhale Kafukufuku adapeza kusiyana pa kugonana ku IA [50,51], kafukufuku wapano sanagwirizane ndi kuwonetseratu kwa kugonana pakuchitika kapena kuchotsedwa kwa IA mwa ophunzira aku koleji. Kafukufuku wam'mbuyo adapeza kuti zokonda pa intaneti ndizosiyana ndi kugonana. Amayi amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa TV mopitirira malire ndipo amagula zinthu pa intaneti, pomwe amuna amakonda kuonera zolaula pa intaneti komanso kuchita nawo njuga [52,53]. Kafukufuku wowonjezereka amayenera kupenda gawo lazakugonana polosera zakusintha kwa zochitika zina za intaneti osati ku IA kokha. Komanso, kaya kugonana kungakhale ndi zotsatilapo zosiyanasiyana pakukula ndi kukhululukidwa kwa IA m'magulu osiyanasiyana kumalimbikitsa kuti apitirize kuphunzira.
Mosiyana ndi zonamizira, kafukufukuyu sanapeze zotsatira zenizeni za zovuta za kudya, kuchita zangozi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso kuchita zankhanza chifukwa cha IA pakati pa ophunzira aku koleji. Ophunzira aku koleji omwe anali ndi zipolowe poyambira anali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi IA, pomwe nkhanza sizinanenere zomwe zidzachitike pa IA pakutsatila. Kafukufuku adapeza kuti anthu omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amakhalanso ndi chidwi ndi othandizira ena [54]. Kafukufuku adawonanso kuti kumwa mowa, kusuta fodya, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndizofala pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi IA [19,20]. Ngakhale ndizomveka kunena kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu kungathe kuneneratu za IA, zotsatira za kafukufuku wapano sizikugwirizana ndi izi. Komanso, panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu mu IA pakati pa ophunzira aku koleji omwe anali ndi osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo poyambira. Kaya kuyanjana pakati pamavuto ndi IA kulipo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu kapena chikhalidwe cha anthu kumalimbikitsa kuphunzira.
Kafukufuku wapano adapeza kuti chikhululukiro cha IA chinali 46.4% panthawi yophunzira chaka chimodzi. Kulekerera kwa IA m'maphunziro am'mbuyomu kunali kosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha matanthauzidwe osiyanasiyana a IA ndi kapangidwe ka kafukufuku. Kafukufuku wotsatira wazaka ziwiri adapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa kuchotsera pamasewera a pa intaneti anali 16% mwa achinyamata aku Dutch [32]. Kafukufuku wotsatira pachaka chimodzi adapeza kuti kuchuluka kwakhululukidwa kwa makanema pamasewera apakanema pa intaneti kunali 50% mwa achinyamata ku Netherlands [55]. Zotsatira za kafukufuku wapano komanso wam'mbuyomu zikuwonetsa kuti, monga zizolowezi zina [30], IA ikhoza kukhala ndi chikhalidwe chokhala ndi nthawi yayitali komanso ukalamba.
Phunziro lathu linali ndi malire angapo. Poyamba, ophunzirawo adalembedwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito kulengeza pa BBS yoyang'ana ophunzira aku koleji. Iwo omwe sanayendere BBS sakanakhala ndi mwayi wokana nawo nawo kafukufukuyu. Kachiwiri, idatha idatengedwa kuchokera pazofunsa mafunso tokha, zomwe mwina zidapangitsa kusiyana kwanjira. Sitinapeze chidziwitso kuchokera kwa ena kupita kwa ma IA omwe akukhudzidwa ndi umboni komanso kukhumudwa komanso kupezeka kwa zovuta. Chachitatu, pakhoza kukhala zinthu zomwe zimaneneratu za kuchulukitsidwa ndi IA zomwe sizinayesedwe mu kafukufuku wapano. Mwachitsanzo, zolosera zakuwunika kwa omwe akuchita nawo zamagulu amiseche, zomwe zili mu intaneti, chiyembekezo chogwiritsidwa ntchito pa intaneti, komanso ubale wa anzawo umalimbikitsa kuti apitirize kuphunzira. Pomaliza, muyeso wa IA pakuyesa koyambirira anali 17.3%, womwe unali wofanana ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu pa ophunzira aku koleji ku Taiwan [41]. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa omwe akhudzidwa ndi chikhululukiro cha IA kunali kocheperako, komwe kumatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zotsatira zazotsatira.
Monga momwe tingadziwire, phunziroli ndi limodzi mwa oyamba kuwunika zamtsogolo zakugonana, zaka, kukhumudwa, ndi zovuta zina zomwezo chifukwa chazovuta komanso kukhululukidwa kwa IA mwa ophunzira aku koleji. Zotsatira za phunziroli zilimbikitsa kuti maphunziro ena azithandizidwanso. Kuphatikiza apo, mikhalidwe yovuta imachitika nthawi yaunyamata. Ubwenzi wapakati pamavuto ndi kukhudzidwa kwa intaneti pakati pa ophunzira aku sekondale kumapangitsa kuti apitirize kuphunzira.
5. Zotsatira
Pamaziko a phunziroli, tikupangira kuti kafukufuku woyambirira wa kukhumudwa kwa ophunzira aku koleji ndi koyenera kuti achepetse vuto la IA. Ophunzira ku koleji achikulire omwe ali ndi IA ali pachiwopsezo cholimbikira IA mchaka chotsatira ndipo ayenera kukhala chandama cha kulowererapo kwa IA.
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