Kupuma Kwachikhalidwe Chakumphaka Catecholamine ndi Nkhawa M'zaka za Chichewa Amuna Achichepere omwe ali ndi mavailesi a intaneti (2016)

Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2016 Feb 5.

Kim N1, Hughes TL2, Paki CG2, Quinn L2, ID ID ya Kong3.

Kudalirika

Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kufananitsa zaka za plasma catecholamine komanso nkhawa za achinyamata aku Korea omwe ali ndi vuto la masewera a pa intaneti (IGA) ndi omwe alibe IGA. Kuphunzira koyerekeza kumeneku kunachitika ndi ana asukulu a sekondale ya 230 mumzinda wina waku South Korea. Njira zowonetsera bwino komanso masanjidwe a basketball adagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo zidziwitso zinasonkhanitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo (zamagazi zamagulu) zomwe zimafufuzidwa za dopamine (DA), epinephrine (Epi), ndi norepinephrine (NE) ndi (1) mafunso awiri kuti ayese IGA ndi kuchuluka kwa nkhawa. Kugwiritsa ntchito SPSS 2, deta idasinthidwa ndi kusanthula kofotokozera, χ2-mayeso, mayeso a t, ndi mayeso a Pearson ophatikiza. Plasma Epi (t = 1.962, p <0.050) ndi NE (t = 2.003, p = 0.046) anali otsika kwambiri mgulu la IGA kuposa gulu lomwe siliri la IGA; Magulu a DA sanasiyane kwambiri pakati pa magulu. Kuchuluka kwa nkhawa kwa gulu la IGA kunali kwakukulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi gulu lomwe siliri la IGA (t = -6.193, p <0.001). Palibe kulumikizana kwakukulu komwe kunapezeka pakati pa catecholamine ndi misempha yokhala ndi nkhawa. Zotsatirazi zinawonetsa kuti kusewera kwambiri pa intaneti pakanthawi kochulukitsa kumapangitsa kutsika kwa Epi ndi NE, potengera kusintha kwa malamulo, komanso kuchuluka kwa nkhawa mwa ophunzira amasukulu akulu. Kutengera ndi izi mwakuthupi komanso m'malingaliro, zovuta zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zitha kupewa komanso kuthandizira IGA ziyenera kuphatikizapo kukhazikika kwa Epi, NE, komanso nkhawa zamagulu achinyamata.

Introduction

Kuledzera kwa pa intaneti (IA) ndi chimodzi mwazovuta kwambiri paumoyo wa achinyamata padziko lonse lapansi. Ku Korea, pafupifupi 100 ya achinyamata amafika pa intaneti tsiku lililonse. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu uku pa intaneti kwatsatana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa IA. Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa ndi boma la Korea, kuchuluka kwa IA ndi 11.7 peresenti pakati pa ana asukulu zapakati komanso apamwamba, apamwamba kwambiri mwa mibadwo yonse ku Korea. Zosokoneza pa intaneti (IGA) ndi gawo laling'ono la IA, ndipo IGA yalandila chisamaliro chochulukirapo komanso chofufuzira kuposa zina zina monga kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, kuwona zolaula, ndi kugula zinthu pa intaneti. IGA yakhala ikuwunikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa imakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri pamodzi ndi pagulu kuposa zochitika zina zapa intaneti. Ku Korea, masewera amasewera ndi cholinga chachikulu chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti pakati pa achinyamata oopsa pa intaneti, ndipo kuchuluka ochulukirapo kwa achinyamata kumaonedwa kukhala pachiwopsezo cha IGA.

Anthu omwe ali ndi IGA, omwe amatanthauzidwa kuti ndi ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kapena akakamiza kuchita masewera omwe amasokoneza moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, amakonda kudzipatula kuti asamayanjane ndi anthu ena ndipo amangoganiza kwambiri zamasewera. IGA ndi IA amagawana zinthu monga kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti moyenera komanso zolakwika pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zakuzindikira za IGA ndi IA ndizofanana chifukwa, mwanjira zosiyanasiyana, amazisintha kuchokera ku Kusanthula ndi Buku Lophatikiza la Mavuto a Mitsempha (DSM) njuga zamatenda. Pazifukwa izi, mawu IGA ndi IA agwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana m'maphunziro am'mbuyomu. Ngakhale ena amati magawo amayenera kugawidwa palimodzi. Makhalidwe a anthu komanso mawonekedwe azachipatala a anthu omwe ali ndi IGA ndi IA amakonda zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, IGA ndi yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa amuna kuposa akazi ndipo imakhala ndi chiopsezo chocheperako cha nkhawa kuposa IA. Kuphatikiza apo, kuti Fifth Edition ya DSM (DSM-V) idaphatikizapo vuto la masewera a pa intaneti ngati chinthu chofunikira kuphunzirira ikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa masewera a pa intaneti mosiyana ndi zochitika zambiri za IA.

Ngakhale anthu omwe ali ndi IGA amavutika kwambiri kuwongolera masewera awo pa intaneti ndipo IGA yadziwika kuti ili ndi vuto lalikulu pamaganizidwe. palibe kutanthauzira koyenera kapena kulowererapo kwa IGA panthawiyi.,, Mpaka pano, kafukufuku wambiri adazindikira zinthu zokhudzana ndi IGA. Kafukufuku wambiri wayang'ana pa chiwopsezo cha munthu payekha ndi m'maganizo., ndi kupsinjika ndikukhala gawo limodzi lofunikira kwambiri pamavuto amisala., Nthawi zambiri, IGA imayendetsedwa ndimavuto ena amisala monga kukhumudwa, nkhawa, kapena kusamalira chidwi cholakwika,,, mikhalidwe imakhudzidwanso ndi kupsinjika. M'maphunziro ambiri aposachedwa a neurobiological, komabe, kusintha kwatsimikizika ndikuwonekera kwazindikirika m'dera la limbic ndi preortalal cortex yaubongo mwa osokoneza bongo a pa intaneti., Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito masewera apaintaneti mobwerezabwereza kumatha kusintha magwiridwe antchito a ubongo ndikugwirira ntchito mozama momwe zinthu zimayendera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta kuzindikira zomwe zimatsogolera ku IGA., Komabe, zochepa zomwe zimadziwika pazochita zathupi zoyambira IGA.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti masewera a pa intaneti adakhudzana ndi kusintha kwa masisitini a cortisol, zokhudza thupi ndi kusintha kosintha kwa mtima, nthawi yamasewera. Kusintha kwakuku kwakuthupi kwakawonedwe ngakhale mu boma loyambira (losasinthasintha) pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi IGA. Pa kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu, tidazindikira kuchuluka kwa ma plasma cortisol ochulukirapo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito masewera a intaneti moyerekeza ndi ogwiritsa ntchito osapindulitsa. Zomwe tapezapo kuchokera ku kafukufuku wathu komanso wazinthu zina zachitetezo chaku thupi zikuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri masewera a intaneti kumalumikizidwa ndi kukomoka kwa magawidwe olimbitsa thupi,, ngakhale zotsatira zake zinali zosagwirizana.

Kupsinjika mtima kumazindikiridwa ngati chinthu chodziwikiratu pamitundu yambiri., Kupsinjika kumayambitsa kusintha kwakuthupi ndipo yafunsidwa kuti ikhale njira yoyambira chitukuko cha IGA. Ngakhale panali mgwirizano pakati pa kupsinjika ndi chizolowezi, kafukufuku ochepa adayesa kuzindikira mayankho okhudza kupsinjika kwa thupi ku IGA. Ngakhale ma catecholamine ndiwo mzere woyamba wa kuyankha kwa thupi pakukhumudwa, kuchuluka kwa plasma catecholamine sikunawerengeredwe mwa anthu omwe ali ndi IGA.

Catecholamines, kuphatikizapo dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), ndi epinephrine (Epi), amawongolera zochitika zokhudzana ndi kupsinjika mtima. Nthawi zambiri mayankho opsinjika amathandizira anthu kuti azolowere zochitika zakunja ndi zamkati mwakuwongolera machitidwe awiri akuluakulu: omwe amachita mwachangu adrenergic system (SAS) komanso olimbitsa pang'onopang'ono a hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis., SAS imatulutsa ma catecholamine kuchokera kumapeto a mitsempha yomvera chisoni komanso ma gren adrenal, ndipo mankhwala awa amagwira ntchito ngati gawo lothandizira kuyambitsa "nkhondo-kapena-kuthawa" pakagwa mwadzidzidzi. Ngakhale zotumphukira za katekisimu sizovomerezeka ku chotchinga-magazi, ubongo womwe umazungulira Epi ndi NE amathanso kulumikizana ndi ma dopaminergic ndi Noradrenergic neurons wapakati., Chifukwa chake, kuyankha kosakwanira kwa SAS kumatha kubweretsa matenda osiyanasiyana owopsa komanso osachiritsika, kuphatikiza pazokonda., Pazifukwa izi, catecholamines adayang'aniridwa kuti ateteze ndikuchiza matenda a intaneti.,,

Mu phunziroli lapano, tidayang'ana zomwe zikuwonetsa kupsinjika kwamatenda a plasma catecholamines - ndiko kuti, DA, Epi, ndi NE misinkhu ku IGA ndi maphunziro omwe si a IGA. Chifukwa nkhawa imalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi ma catecholamines omwe ali mu chapakati mantha dongosolo (CNS),, tinapendanso kuchuluka kwa nkhawa monga chisonyezo cha kupsinjika kwa malingaliro. Mwambiri, kupsinjika kumapangitsa mayankho omvera chisoni ndikumasulidwa kwa ma catecholamines, mwakutero, kuyankha kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kumatha kubweretsa kusawerengeka kwa ufulu. Chifukwa chake, tidaganiza kuti achinyamata achimuna omwe ali ndi IGA awonetse kusintha kwam'magazi a catecholamine komanso nkhawa zambiri kuposa omwe samachita masewera a pa intaneti. Timapitilizabe kunena kuti milingo ya katekisimu ingalumikizidwe ndi nkhawa zomwe timati tiziwerenga.

Njira

Ophunzira ndi njira

Maphunziro anali 15- kwa anyamata azaka za 18 adalemba masukulu apamwamba asanu ndi anayi ogwirira ntchito ku Korea. Chifukwa achinyamata achinyamata amakonda kwambiri masewera a pa intaneti, ndipo mahomoni azakugonana achikazi amatha kuthana ndi kayendedwe ka mahomoni okhudzana ndi chizolowezi monga DA, kafukufukuyu anali ochepa ophunzira aamuna. Ophunzira omwe ali ndi matenda azachipatala kapena omwe amamwa mankhwala (mwachitsanzo, β-blockers kapena sedatives) omwe atha kukhudza milingo ya plasma catecholamine nawonso sanatengeredwe. Tidagwiritsa ntchito njira zosavuta komanso zosanja za snowball popezera anthu ntchito. Tinkapita kusukulu iliyonse yasekondale ndipo tinapatsidwa chilolezo chofotokozera ophunzirawo zomwe amaphunzira. Tidakalowa mkalasi iliyonse panthawi yopuma kuti tifotokozere za cholinga cha phunziroli ndi njira zake ndikuitanira ophunzira achidwi kuti adzatenge nawo mbali. Kuti tiwonjezere kukula kwazitsanzo, tidafunsa omwe adalembedwa panthawiyi kuti tiitane anzathu omwe anali ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti kuti apite nawo kumalo osonkhanitsira deta, komwe adawunikira kuti akhale oyenera.

Zambiri zinasonkhanitsidwa pamalo owonetsera masewera a anthu onse. Phunziro lililonse limamaliza mafunso awiri aphunziroli m'chipinda chamkati, ndipo zitsanzo za magazi zinali zojambula. Zambiri zinasonkhanitsidwa pakati pa 8: 00 ndi 10: 00 ndiri pansi zofanana. Maphunziro onse amasala kudya kwa ma 12 maola angapo asanakwane. Adapemphedwa kuti asiye kusuta fodya, kumwa zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, ndi masewera a pa intaneti kwa ma 24 maola angapo kusanachitike deta ndipo adalimbikitsidwa kugona mokwanira usiku usanafike posonkhanitsa deta. Kafukufukuyu adavomerezedwa ndi Institutional Review Board of Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine. Tinkalandira chilolezo cholemba kuchokera kumutu uliwonse ndi womuyang'anira.

Njira

Kusewera kwa masewera a pa intaneti

Kuti muwone IGA, tidagwiritsa ntchito Online Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents, yomwe idapangidwa ndi Korea Agency for Digital Opportunity and Promotion (KADO) kutengera milingo yapitayo ya IA, zambiri zaupangiri pazomwe amaletsa pa intaneti, komanso kukambirana kwa akatswiri. Selo yakhazikitsa kudalirika komanso kuvomerezeka ndipo yagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'ana ku IGA pakati pa achinyamata aku Korea pazofufuza zamayiko. Mulingo umakhala ndi zinthu za 20 zomwe zimakhala ndi mayankho ochokera 1 = "ayi" mpaka 4 = "nthawi zonse" (zambiri = 20-80, zokhala ndi zotsika zambiri zomwe zikusonyeza IGA yayikulu). Mulingowo umakhala ndi zinthu zitatu zotsatsira: (1) yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi (mwachitsanzo, "Ndimamva bwino ndikadali mdziko lomasewera kuposa moyo weniweniwo"), (2) kulekerera ndi kuwongolera ("sindingathe kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa maora omwe ndimasewera pa intaneti ”), ndi (3) zodzipatula ndi zokumana nazo (" Ndimakhala ndi nkhawa komanso ndimachita mantha ndikalephera kuchita masewera a pa intaneti "). Malinga ndi KADO, kuchuluka kwa 49 kapena pamwambapa kumawonetsa chiopsezo chachikulu cha IGA, ndipo kuchuluka kwa 38 kapena pamwambapa kumawonetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitilira muyeso ndi chiopsezo cha IGA chomwe chingapangitse mavuto ena pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Alpha ya Cronbach mu kafukufuku wapano anali 0.93. Kutengera zambiri za IGA, maphunziro adaperekedwa ku gulu lomwe siliri la IGA kapena la IGA.

Milingo ya plasma catecholamine

Ma katate atatu am'magazi — DA, Epi, ndi NE - adawonetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito magazi. Mutu uliwonse udalangizidwa kuti ugone mwakachetechete kwa mphindi za 20 musanalandire magazi. Magazi a Venous (5 mL) adatulutsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chubu ya heparin anticoagulation vacuum. Miyezo ya Catecholamine inayezedwa ndi ma chromatography amadzimadzi apamwamba (mndandanda wa Agilent 1200; Agilent Technology).

M nkhawa

Tinayesa nkhawa pogwiritsa ntchito Revised Children's Manifest Anxcare Scale (RCMAS), chiwonetsero chazinthu 37 zomwe zimadzichitira nkhawa achinyamata azaka zapakati pa 6 mpaka 19. RCMAS imaphatikizapo zizindikilo 37 zodziwika bwino za nkhawa (inde / ayi) zomwe zidagawika m'magulu atatu omwe amawunika nkhawa zakuthupi, nkhawa / nkhawa, komanso nkhawa pagulu (mwachitsanzo, "Ine ndimaopa zinthu zambiri, ”" Ndimanjenjemera, "komanso" Nthawi zambiri ndimada nkhawa ndikakumana ndi zinthu zoipa "). Mulingo wokwanira kuyambira 0 mpaka 37, wokhala ndi mphambu pamwambapa 15 womwe umawerengedwa kuti ndiwofunika kuchipatala. Alpha ya Cronbach mu kafukufuku wapano anali 0.89.

Kusanthula deta

Zambiri zidasinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito SPSS 15.0. Njira, kupatuka koyenera, mafupipafupi, ndi kuchuluka kwake zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza mwachidule zomwe anthu ali nawo pamasewerawa pa intaneti. Zambiri za DA, Epi, ndi NE sizimagawidwa kawirikawiri ndipo zimasinthidwa ndi logarithm kuti igawidwe bwino. Odziyimira pawokha t-kuyesa kunkagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyerekezera plasma DA, Epi, ndi NE komanso magawo m'magulu awiriwa. Maubwenzi apakati pa plasma catecholamine ndi nkhawa adayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa Pearson. A p-kufunika kwa <0.05 kunkawerengedwa kuti ndi kofunika kwambiri.

Results

Gulu 1 imapereka ziwonetsero zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso intaneti. Zaka zakulankhulidwazo zinali zaka 16.63 ± 1.02 ndipo kutanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa thupi kunali 21.91 ± 3.69 kg / m2. Pafupifupi 25% adanena kuti amasuta ndudu komanso / kapena amamwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Pafupifupi awiriawiri (68.3 peresenti) anali ochokera m'mabanja apawiri. Nthawi yogona tsiku lililonse imasiyana m'magulu omwe si a IGA ndi IGA (χ2 = 5.616, p = 0.018). Pafupifupi sabata iliyonse pamasewera a intaneti (χ2 = 45.994, p <0.001) komanso nthawi yamasewera pa intaneti tsiku lililonse (t = -7.332, p <0.001) anali okwera kwambiri pagulu la IGA. Avereji ya masewera a pa intaneti anali zaka 6.82 ± 2.38 mgulu lomwe silinali la IGA ndi 7.64 ± 2.42 zaka mgulu la IGA (t = -2.409, p = 0.017). Avereji ya ma IGA anali pafupifupi kawiri kuposa gulu la IGA (46.05 ± 8.96) monga gulu lomwe siliri la IGA (26.43 ± 4.94; t = -20.708, p <0.001).

Gulu 1. 

Kuyerekeza kwa Demographic ndi Internet Zokhudzana ndi Masewera Olumikizana a Non-IGA ndi IGA Gulu (N = 230)

M'magulu omwe sanali a IGA ndi IGA, miyezo yotanthauza ya DA inali 56.95 ± 75.04 ndi 68.66 ± 82.75 pg / mL; Epi anali 64.06 ± 94.50 ndi 48.35 ± 44.96 pg / mL, ndipo NE anali 412.95 ± 274.68 ndi 330.86 ± 178.67 pg / mL, motsatana. Gulu 2 imafotokozera mwachidule kusintha kwa plasma catecholamine komanso nkhawa m'magulu awiriwa. Magulu a plasma a Epi ndi NE a gulu la IGA anali otsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi omwe sanali IGA gulu (t = 1.962, p <0.050 ndi t = 2.003, p = 0.046, motsatana). Magulu a plasma DA anali okwera pagulu la IGA, koma osati kwambiri. Kutanthauza kuda nkhawa kunali kwakukulu kwambiri mgulu la IGA (t = -6.193, p <0.001). Palibe kulumikizana kwakukulu komwe kunapezeka pakati pa catecholamine ndi nkhawa. Komabe, zambiri za IGA zidalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi magawo azovuta (r = 0.452, p <0.001), ndipo nthawi yamasewera pa intaneti tsiku lililonse inali yolumikizidwa pang'ono ndi ma plasma NE (r = -0.142, p = 0.032). Gulu 3 ikuwonetsa zotsatira za kusakanikirana.

Gulu 2. 

Kuyerekeza kwa Plasma Catecholamine ndi Madera Odetsa nkhawa a magulu omwe si a IGA ndi IGA (N = 230)
Gulu 3. 

Mgwirizano Pakati Zosintha (N = 230)

Kukambirana

Tidafufuza ngati achinyamata achimuna omwe alibe komanso opanda IGA amasiyana mu plasma catecholamine wambiri komanso palokha nkhawa zomwe akuti anali nazo. Tapeza kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa plasma Epi ndi NE magawo pakati pa magulu awiriwa. Mu gawo la malingaliro, kuchuluka kwa nkhawa kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri pagulu la IGA kuposa gulu lomwe si la IGA. Gulu la IGA lidanenanso kuchuluka kwa zaka za 7.64 ndi maola a 3.79 / tsiku la masewera a pa intaneti (poyerekeza ndi zaka za 6.82 ndi maola a 1.89 / tsiku mu gulu lomwe si la IGA). Masewera a pa intaneti omwe akhala nthawi yayitali anali okhudzana ndi kusintha kwa Epi ndi NE milingo ya NE komanso kuchuluka kwa nkhawa pagulu la IGA. Magawo awa mwina adalumikizidwa ndi nkhawa zokhudzana ndi masewera chifukwa (1) masewera a intaneti adalimbikitsa kuchitapo kanthu kwachifundo m'maphunziro am'mbuyomu,, ndi (2) zochitika zamasewera nthawi zambiri zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chopondera pamaphunziro omwe amayeza kukonzanso zamtima., Zotsatira zathu zikuwonetsa kuti ntchito zamasewera pa intaneti zimatha kubweretsa kupsinjika kwakuthupi komwe, ngati kungapitirizebe kwa nthawi, kungayambitse IGA. Zotsatira zathu za plasma catecholamine zimachirikiza kukhalapo kwa intaneti masewera omwe amayambitsa kupsinjika kwa thupi.

Chochititsa chidwi, plasma Epi ndi NE milingo anali otsika mu IGA kuposa maphunziro omwe sanali a IGA. Zotsatira izi zimasiyana ndi milingo yapamwamba ya catecholamine yolumikizidwa ndi matenda ena amisala monga post-traumatic stress syndrome. Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe tikufuna kupumula zikuwonetsa mawonekedwe osiyana ndi omwe anawonera m'mbuyomu momwe mawu omvera achifundo adachitika panthawi yomwe / kapena atangoyeserera masewera.,, Zotsatira zathu zikugwirizana pang'ono ndi zomwe zimachitika pang'onopang'ono pakafukufuku wina woyang'anira pomwe achinyamata omwe ali ndi IA adawonetsa kuchuluka kwa seramu NE kuposa omwe alibe IA. M'malo mwake, athu ndi kafukufuku woyamba akuwonetsa kufunikira kwa zotumphukira za katekisiti ku IGA. Ngakhale Epi - gawo lalikulu la catecholamine yopuma - amawongolera ndewu kapena kuyankha ndege, kafukufuku wochepa ndi amene adayesa mayankho a Epi. Kupatula kafukufuku waposachedwa kumene chidwi chochulukirapo chapatsidwa chidwi ndi ma Epi-ofunikira pantchito zazifupi komanso zazitali zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mukhale ndi nkhawa monga matenda amtima, matenda a chitetezo chamthupi, khansa komanso matenda amisala.

Kutengera ndi zomwe tapeza, sitingathe kufotokoza momwe zimakhalira ndi kuchuluka kwa plasma catecholamine m'magulu a IGA. Komabe, njirazi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi "kutulutsa chidwi" kapena "kugonjera" zomwe zimawonedwa mu CNS ya anthu osokoneza bongo a videogame., Ochita kafukufuku apeza kuti zoyesayesa zakumva chisoni zimalepheretsa mphotho yaubwino wa DA. Kuponderezedwa uku kwapezeka mwa mawonekedwe ochepera a DA receptor (D2) komanso kukhalamo, ndikuchepetsa kachulukidwe ka DA mumasewera owonera kwambiri videogame. Kutsika pansi kumatanthauzidwa ngati kuchepa kwa magawo am'manja, kuphatikiza ma receptors ndi otumiza, poyankha zoyipa zakunja; kuchepa uku kumachepetsa chidwi cha khungu pazomwe zimapangitsa. Umboni wina ulipo wokhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa dopaminergic mu ma cell receptor ndi Transporter m'magulu osokoneza bongo a pa intaneti,, chodabwitsa chomwe chakhazikitsidwa bwino mu zakumwa zoledzeretsa komanso zina.,

Downregulation ikhoza kufotokozera kuchuluka kwapafupipale wa plasma catecholamine mu gulu lathu la IGA. Kupsinjika kwanthawi yayitali chifukwa chosewerera pa intaneti kungayambitse kuchepa kwa plasma Epi ndi NE chifukwa cha receptor downregulation yowonetsa mayankho ogwirizana. Pa mulingo wa CNS, kulembanso kwa nthawi yayitali kwa ma receptor enaake kungapangitse kuwonongeka kwazidziwitso, zomwe zimaganiziridwa kuti ndizomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha IGA., Ndiye kuti, kupanikizika kwamphamvu kumachepa m'zinthu zodziwikiratu kumatha kufulumizitsa kusintha kuchokera ku machitidwe odzifunira kupita kumachitidwe osazolowereka. Komabe, sitinayeze receptor downregulation yokhudza catecholamines mu phunziroli. Kafukufuku wamtsogolo akuyenera kuwunika mgwirizano womwe ungakhalepo pakati pa kuchuluka kwa zotumphukira za catecholamine ndi kuchuluka kapena kukhala kwa catecholamine receptors. Ponena za DA, katekisimuyu amatenga gawo lalikulu pamavuto amisala ambiri pamlingo wa CNS. Komabe, maudindo a DA mu plasma, omwe magwero ake akulu amaphatikiza kudya ndi misempha yachifundo, samamveka bwino. Kutengera ndi data yathu, DA yophatikizika, mosiyana ndi DA muubongo, siyotheka kuchita nawo IGA.

Kuphatikiza pamapangidwe achilengedwe, mayankho a kupsinjika akuphatikizapo njira zamaganizidwe. Kuda nkhawa ndi gawo lalikulu pamavutidwe am'maganizo ndipo limagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiwopsezo chowonjezereka. Pogwirizana ndi kafukufuku wakale wa IA, tidapeza nkhawa zambiri mgulu la IGA., Zhang et al. adanenanso kuti kuchuluka kwa nkhawa kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndi ntchito zosintha za NE pantchito ya ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti; komabe, sitinapeze ubale pakati pa nkhawa komanso kuchuluka kwa catecholamine m'maphunziro athu. Kutanthauzira kothekera pazovuta izi ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuwunika nkhawa (mwachitsanzo, pomwe Zhang et al. Adagwiritsa ntchito Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, ife tidagwiritsa ntchito RCMAS). Kulongosola kwachiwirinso ndikuti pamlingo wa CNS, kutsegulira kwa dongosolo la NE komwe kumayendetsedwa ndikuwonetsa kupsinjika kwalumikizidwa ndikuwonjezereka kwa nkhawa m'mitundu ya nyama., Komabe, pamlingo wofikira, njira zogwirira ntchito komanso zamaganizidwe zitha kukhala kuti zidayesedwa mwaulere ku IGA m'zinthu zathu zaumunthu, ngakhale kuti Epi, NE, komanso nkhawa nkhawa zimasiyana pakati pa magulu a IGA ndi omwe si a IGA. Kumbali ina, sitingathe kudziwa kuti mwina zinthu zina zimayanjanitsa ubale wa madzi a m'magazi a plasma ndi nkhawa. Kafukufuku wowonjezereka amafunikira kuti amvetsetse momwe njira zamakhalidwe ndi zamaganizidwe zimayendera palokha pa IGA komanso zomwe zimayambitsa ubale pakati pa plasma catecholamine ndi kuchuluka kwa nkhawa. Zachidziwikire, sitinathe kudziwa ngati kuchuluka kwa nkhawa ndikomwe kumayambitsa vuto kapena chizindikiro chakuwonera masewera kwambiri pa intaneti kwakanthawi. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, nkhawa iyenera kukhala yofunikira kwambiri pakudzitchinjiriza ndi masewera olimbana ndi achinyamata omwe akuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pa intaneti.

Popeza mabuku am'mbuyomu adazindikira kuti kuchepa kwa nkhawa komwe kumachitika chifukwa chachikulu chogwiritsira ntchito intaneti kwambiri,, zomwe tapeza zimapereka chidziwitso chatsopano chofunikira. Kutengera zotsatira zathupi lathupi lathu komanso momwe timaganizira, timapereka malingaliro okhudzana ndi nkhawa pakati pa kupsinjika ndi IGA, ndikuwonetsa kuti kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe kumatha kuphatikizana ndi kupsinjika kwakuthupi komwe kumayambitsa ntchito zamasewera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chitukuko cha IGA. Ngakhale kuti pakufunika kufufuza zochulukirapo kuti zizindikire zowonjezera zamthupi ndikumvetsetsa bwino zomwe zimayambira IGA, zotsatira zathu zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa zinthu zathupi komanso zamaganizidwe ku IGA. Kupeza kumeneku kungathandizire kuzindikira njira zopangira matenda a IGA.

Zotsatira zathu zimakhala ndi tanthauzo lothandiza pofufuza ndi kupeza chithandizo cha IGA, kuphatikizapo kufunikira koyezetsa thupi ndi zamaganizidwe a IGA muubwana. Pakadali pano, kuwunikira koteroko kumangoyang'ana kuwunikira kwa kusintha kwa mayendedwe ndi kudzidziwitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe zapezazo zili ndi tanthauzo pakukonzekera njira zakulera kwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi IGA. Mwachitsanzo, kuchitapo kanthu poyesetsa kupewa ndi kuchiza IGA mu achinyamata kungafunike kuyang'ana kukhazikika kwa Epi, NE, komanso nkhawa.

Ngakhale kuti phunziroli lili ndi mphamvu zochitira zambiri, pali zinthu ziwiri zomwe tiyenera kuziganizira. Choyamba, chifukwa deta yathu ndi ya gawo limodzi, mayanjano a IGA, plasma catecholamine, ndipo nkhawa sizingadziwike. Maphunziro a longitudinal amafunikira kuti zitsimikizire zotsatira zowerengera. Chachiwiri, IGA inayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zodzilemba. Zinthu zomwe zikukhudzidwa ndi kusalidwa monga osokoneza bongo zitha kukhala kuti zidapereka nthawi yayitali pochita masewera a pa intaneti, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti IGA iwonongeke.

Kuvomereza

Olembawa amathokoza Ms Eunju Kim, RN, yemwe anathandiza pa ntchito yosonkhanitsa deta, ndi a Mr. Jon Mann chifukwa cha kuwongolera komwe adalemba pokonzekera nkhani. Kafukufukuyu adathandizidwa ndi Basic Science Research Program kudzera National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) yothandizidwa ndi Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF-2012R1A1A4A01012884).

Chidziwitso cha Mlembi Wolemba

Palibe zopikisana zachuma zomwe zilipo.

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