David Paul Fernandez, Eugene YJ Tee & Elaine Frances Fernandez
Journal of Treatment & Prevention, Vol 24, 2017 - Nkhani ya 3
Kudalirika
Kafukufuku wapano adafufuza ngati zambiri pa Cyber Pornography Gwiritsani Ntchito Inventory-9 (CPUI-9) zikuwonetsa kukakamira kwenikweni. Tidasanthula ngati kuchuluka kwa CPUI-9 kunanenedweratu chifukwa cholephera kudziletsa komanso kuyesayesa kudziletsa kudziyesa (kudziwikiratu ngati kukakamiza kwenikweni), kuwongolera anthu osavomerezeka. Gulu la amuna 76 omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti adalandira malangizo kuti apewe zolaula pa intaneti masiku 14 ndikuwunika kuyesayesa kwawo kudziletsa. Zambiri Zomwe Amakakamizika Kuzindikira (koma osati Mavuto a Maganizo) zidanenedweratu ndi kuyesayesa kudziletsa, ndipo zinalephera kuyesayesa kudziletsa pakakhala ntchito yodziletsa. Kusavomerezeka pamakhalidwe kunaneneratu za Mavuto Amtima, koma osati kuchuluka kwa Kukakamizidwa. Zotsatira za zomwe zapezazi zikukambidwa.
ZOKAMBIRANA GAWO
Phunziroli ndiyesa kuyesa ngati ziwerengero za CPUI-9 zanenedwa ndi kukakamizidwa kwenikweni mu ntchito ya IP. Chida choyesa choyesa chinagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi kuyambitsa kuyesayesa ngati kusinthasintha kwapadera. Tinayesetsa kufufuza mafunso awiri ofufuzira
- RQ1: Kodi alephera kudziletsa kuti adziŵe zochitika za CPUI-9, kuyesa kudziletsa ndi kukhumudwa?
- RQ2: Kodi adzalephera kuyesayesa kuyesayesa ndi kudziletsa kuti adziwe ma CPUI-9 maphunziro, kuwongolera kuti asavomereze makhalidwe?
Kuyesekera koyambirira, kudziwika kwapadera kwa kugwiritsa ntchito IP, zolemba zoyambirira za CPUI-9, kukana makhalidwe a zolaula, ndi njira zina zogonana zimayendetsedwa pa phunziroli. Kuyesera kwazowonjezera kwa CPUI-9 kunasiyidwa kuchokera kuzidziwitso chifukwa cha kusagwirizana koyenera mkati.
Mwachidule, pamene CPUI-9 imatengedwa kwathunthu, kukana makhalidwe olaula ndi khalidwe lokhalo. Komabe, akaphwanya malamulo ake, makhalidwe oipa amapezeka kuti amaneneratu zovuta za Emotional Distress scores, koma sizinali zogwirizana ndi zovuta zambiri. Zomwe anaziona kuti ndizokakamiza kuti zikhale zovuta, zinkanenedweratu ndi kuyesayesa, komanso polephera kudziletsa kuti ayambe kudziletsa, zomwe timaganiza kuti ndizovuta kuphunzirirapo.
H1: Yalephera kuchita zinthu potsatsa CPUI-9
Choyambirira chathu choyesa kuti kuyesayesa kudziletsa sikunganenere zapamwamba zolemba za CPUI-9, kulamulira kwa kudziletsa ndi kusayenerera makhalidwe, sikunali kuthandizidwa. Sitinapeze mgwirizano wofunika pakati pa kuyesayesa kosafuna kudziletsa ndi ziwerengero za CPUI-9. Tinayerekezera kuti kuyesayesa kusayesayesa kumayesetseratu zizindikiro za CPUI-9 ngakhale pamene tikudziletsa kuti tipewe kudziletsa chifukwa timaganiza kuti khalidwe la munthu mwiniwake (mwachitsanzo, kulephera kudziletsa) likhoza kuwonedwa ngati umboni wosatsutsika wopereka malangizo omveka kuti asamaone zolaula pa tsiku la 14. M'malo mwake, zofukufuku zaposachedwapa zikuwonetsa kuti kuyesayesa kusayesayesa kunangokhala kungopeka kwakukulu kwa zovuta zodzikakamiza zogwirizana ndi kukula kwa kudziletsa, zomwe zinali chidziwitso chathu chachiwiri mu phunziro ili.
H2: Yalephera kudziletsa kuti ayambe kudziletsa pa CPUI-9
Tapeza chithandizo chamaganizo chachidziwitso chathu chachiwiri, kuyesa kulephera kudziletsa kumagwirizanitsa ndi kudziletsa kuti tidziwe zapamwamba za CPUI-9, kutengera khalidwe losavomerezeka. Komabe, ubale umenewu umangokhala pazinthu zodzikakamiza zodziwika, osati zovuta za Emotional Distress ndi CPUI-9 zonse zowerengera. Mwachindunji, pamene kuyesayesa kusayesayesa kumakhala kwakukulu ndi kudziletsa kumakhala kwakukulu, zozizwitsa zowonjezereka pa Kukhumudwa Kwachidziwitso kubwereza zimatsimikiziridwa. Zomwe tikupezazi zikugwirizana ndi malingaliro athu kuti sizingowonongeka kambirimbiri zolaula zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu aziona kuti kulimbikitsana, koma kuti izi zidalanso ndi kusintha kofanana, kudziletsa. Poyamba, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti nthawi zambiri zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito nkhani zosiyana pakati pa CPUI-9 (Grubbs et al., 2015a; Grubbs et al., 2015c), koma nthawi zambiri zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito paokha sizingakwanire kupezeka kwachinyengo (Kor et al., 2014). Phunziroli likuwonetsa kuti anthu ena amawona IP kawirikawiri, koma mwina sangachite khama kwambiri posiya IP. Momwemo, iwo sakanamvepo kuti ntchito yawo inali yopanikiza mwanjira iliyonse, chifukwa panalibe cholinga chosiya. Potero, phunziro loyamba la kudziletsa ngati kusinthika kwatsopano ndikofunikira. Monga ananenedweratu, pamene anthu adayesetsa mwamphamvu kupewa zolaula (ie, kudziletsa kwambiri) koma anali ndi zolephera zambiri (mwachitsanzo, kutaya kwakukulu kuleka kudziletsa), izi zikugwirizana ndi zambiri zokhudzana ndi Kukhumudwa kovomerezeka.
Kupewa kudziletsa pa CPUI-9 maphunziro
Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti kudziletsa ngati munthu wodziwonetsera yekha kunasonyezeranso kuti palibenso chidziwitso chodziwika bwino ndi chidziwitso chokhudzidwa (koma osati Chisokonezo cha Emotional and CPUI-9 full scale), kulamulira chifukwa cholephera kudziletsa komanso kusayenerera khalidwe, ngakhale kuti ubalewu sunali wovomerezeka kusokoneza maganizo. Ife tinaneneratu mu phunziro lino kuti anthu okhawo omwe anadziwona kale analephera kuyesayesa kudziletsa angapangitse kukakamizika ku khalidwe lawo, kuwonetsa ku lingaliro la kukakamiza. Komabe, tapeza kuti kudziletsa kwakukulu kunaneneratu zapamwamba zokhudzana ndi kukakamizidwa, komanso kuti chiyanjanochi chinkawonekera ngakhale kuti sichimalepheretsa kudziletsa. Kupeza izi kuli ndi tanthauzo lofunika kwambiri kuti kuyesera kupeŵa zolaula komanso palokha kumagwirizana ndi malingaliro a kukakamizidwa mwa anthu ena.
Timafotokozera zifukwa ziwiri zomwe zingatheke podabwitsa. Choyamba, ngakhale kuti sichikuyezedwa mu phunziro lino, ndizotheka kuti kugwirizana komwe kulipo pakati pa kugonana ndi kuyesayesa kotheka kungakhale kovomerezeka ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kapena kukhumudwa kumene ophunzirawo angakhale nawo poyesera kupewa zolaula ngakhale atakhala kwenikweni amalephera kusiya. Zomangamanga zomwe zingathe kufotokozera kuti vuto lovuta kapena kudzimva kukhala lovuta kumamverera pamene akuyesera kuti apewe lingakhale chilakolako chofuna zolaula. Kraus ndi Rosenberg (2014) amatanthauzira kukhumba zolaula monga "chilakolako chotha msinkhu koma chokhumba kapena chikhumbo chomwe chimawongolera nthawi ndi kukhala ndi nkhawa kapena zofuna zolaula" (p. 452). Kulakalaka zolaula sizingatheke kuwonetsa zolaula, makamaka ngati anthu ali ndi luso lolimbana bwino ndi njira zodziletsa. Komabe, chidziwitso chokhumba zofuna zolaula ndikukumana ndi zovuta pochita chizolowezi chodziletsa chingakhale chokwanira kuti ophunzira athe kuzindikira kuti akugwiritsa ntchito IP. Zikudziwika kuti chilakolako kapena zolimbikitsa zimayimira chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa zochitika zapadera (Potenza, 2006), ndipo zakhala mbali ya zofunikila za Hypersexual Disorder kwa DSM-5 (Kafka, 2010), kutanthauza kuti kukhalapo kweniyeni kuledzera. Motero, kukonda zolaula (ndi zowonjezera zomangamanga) zingakhale zofunikira pa maphunziro a m'tsogolomu poyesa kudziletsa ku zolaula.
Chachiwiri, tidaganiziranso kuti "kudziletsa" kumatha kukhala kopanda tanthauzo kwa omwe atenga nawo mbali. Ena mwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali, akamayesetsa kudziletsa, atha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopanda pake (mwachitsanzo, kupondereza malingaliro; Wegner, Schneider, Carter, & White, 1987) poyesa kudziwongolera pawokha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa malingaliro olakwika a IP, Mwachitsanzo. Pambuyo poyesayesa kudziletsa, ophunzira atha kukhala kuti adayesetsa "kuyesetsa kwambiri" kuti apewe, m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito njira zothandiza monga kulingalira ndi kuvomereza pochita zolimbikitsa (Twohig & Crosby, 2010) ndi kudzikhululukira pambuyo poterera (Hook et al., 2015). Mwakutero, zokumana nazo zamkati monga malingaliro kapena chikhumbo cha IP mwina zidakwezedwa mopitilira muyeso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azindikire kuti akukakamizidwa. Komabe, mafotokozedwe athu amakhalabe achinyengo pano. Kafukufuku wowonjezereka amafunikira kuti mumvetsetse kuyeserera kosiyanasiyana kokhudzana ndi kukakamizidwa.
Kutsutsa makhalidwe pa CPUI-9 maphunziro
Tapeza kuti pamene CPUI-9 imatengedwa kwathunthu, kukanidwa ndi khalidwe ndilo lokhalo lodziwika bwino. Komabe, pamene chiwonongeko, khalidwe losayanjanitsika linatchulidwa kokha pa CPUI-9, Chisokonezo cha Emotional Distcale (mwachitsanzo, "Ndimachita manyazi nditatha kuonerera zolaula pa intaneti") ndipo sindinakhudzidwe ndi kukhumudwa koyenera. Izi zikugwirizana ndi kafukufuku wammbuyo omwe amasonyeza kuti khalidwe lachiwerewere limakhala losavomerezana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi zowawa zokhazokha zomwe sizingatheke koma sizinali zovuta kugonjera kapena kuyesayesa zowonjezera (Wilt et al., 2016). Izi zimapereka chithandizo kwa Wilt ndi anzake kupeza kuti malingaliro amakhalidwe oipa chifukwa cha mbali yapadera ya CPUI-9, yomwe ndi mbali ya maganizo (Emotional Distress), m'malo mozindikira (Kuzindikira Kukhumudwa). Choncho, ngakhale kuti Mavuto Akumva ndi Kukhumudwa Kwachidziwitso ndizogwirizana, zomwe timapeza zimasonyeza kuti amafunika kuti azisamalidwa pokhapokha ngati zikuwoneka kupangidwa kudzera m'maganizo osiyanasiyana.
Zophatikizapo zikutanthauza
Zomwe timapeza zimakhala ndi zofunikira zitatu. Choyamba, phunziroli likuwonetseratu mgwirizano womwe unalipo kale pakati pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa IP, monga momwe zilili ndi CPUI-9, ndi kuvomereza kwenikweni. Mu chitsanzo chathu, tinapeza kuti malingaliro a kukakamiza analidi kusonyeza chenichenicho. Zikuwoneka kuti zochitika zenizeni zodzikakamiza (analephera kudziletsa kuti ayambe kuchita khama), ndi kudziletsa okha, kuneneratu zambiri za CPUI-9 Zomveka zowakakamizidwa. Tapeza kuti ubale umenewu unagwiridwa ngakhale atakhala ndi chizoloŵezi chotsutsana. Motero, zomwe tapeza zikusonyeza kuti ngakhale munthu alibe makhalidwe olaula, munthu amene amamukakamiza kuti azimvera zolaula, amatha kumangokhalira kumangokhalira kukakamizidwa, kapena kukhala ndi vuto lakusiya IP. Timakondweretsa kuti ngakhale kuvomereza kwenikweni sikukufanana ndi kuledzeretsa, kukakamizidwa ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi kupezeka kwake kwa wogwiritsa ntchito IP kungakhale chizindikiro cha kuledzera kwenikweni kwa IP. Chifukwa chake, zotsatira za kafukufuku wamakono zimabweretsa mafunso okhudza ngati kafukufuku wa CPUI-9 kufikira lero angathe kuwerengedwa ndi chizoloŵezi chenicheni, mopitirira kungodziona kuti ali ndi chizoloŵezi choledzeretsa.
Chachiwiri, zomwe tinazipeza zimakayikira za kuyenerera kwa kuphatikiza kwa Emotional Distress subscale monga gawo la CPUI-9. Monga momwe nthawi zonse anapezera maphunziro ambiri (mwachitsanzo, Grubbs et al., 2015a, c), zomwe tinazipeza zinasonyezanso kuti nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito IP sikunali mgwirizano ndi zovuta za mumtima. Chofunika kwambiri, kudzikakamiza kwenikweni komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa phunziroli (kulepheretsa kudziletsa kuleka kudziletsa) kunalibe ubale ndi zovuta za mumtima. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu omwe amakumana ndi zovuta zowonongeka pa zolaula zawo samangokhala ndi nkhawa yokhudzana ndi zolaula. M'malo mwake, Mavuto Akumtima amanenedwa kwambiri ndi makhalidwe osatsutsika, mogwirizana ndi maphunziro apitalo omwe adapezekanso pakati pa awiriwo (Grubbs et al., 2015a; Wilt et al., 2016). Izi zikusonyeza kuti kupsinjika maganizo monga momwe kuwerengedwera ndi CPUI-9 kumawerengedwa makamaka chifukwa cha dissonance kumverera chifukwa cha kuchita khalidwe lomwe khalidwe limodzi silikugwirizana, ndipo silikugwirizana ndi kukakamiza kwenikweni. Zowonjezera, kuphatikizapo Chisokonezo cha Emotional subscale monga gawo la CPUI-9 kungapangitse zotsatira mwazimene zimasokoneza chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito IP omwe samatsutsa zolaula, ndipo amachititsa kuti chiwerengero chonse cha malonda a IP Ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali ndi zovuta zodzikakamiza, koma khalidwe loipa la zolaula. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa Chisokonezo cha Emotional Distcale chinachokera pachiwerengero cha "Chilungamitso" choyambirira chomwe chinapangidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito makamaka ndi anthu achipembedzo (Grubbs et al., 2010), ndipo ntchito yake ndi anthu omwe si achipembedzo sichidziwika chifukwa cha zotsatira zotsatira zokhudzana ndi izi. "Kuvutika maganizo kwambiri" ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa njira zomwe zimapangidwira za Hypersexual Disorder ya DSM-5, kumene matenda a B. akuti "pali vuto lalikulu laumunthu ... lomwe limagwirizanitsidwa ndi mafupipafupi ndi mphamvu za malingaliro okhudzana ndi kugonana, kapena makhalidwe "(Kafka 2010, p. 379). N'zosakayikitsa kuti nkhawa ya Emotional Distcale imalowa mu matenda ena ovuta kwambiri. Momwe zinthu zimagwiritsidwira ntchito (mwachitsanzo, "Ndimachita manyazi / kupsinjika / kudwala pambuyo poona zolaula pa intaneti") zikusonyeza kuti kukhumudwa sikuyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu za kugonana, zofuna, kapena khalidwe, koma zingabweretse kungoyamba kuchita khalidwe ngakhale mwachangu.
Chachitatu, phunziroli linayambitsa kudziletsa ngati kusintha kofunikira pozindikira mmene malingaliro angakwaniritsire. Zikudziwika kuti m'mabuku, mafupipafupi a ntchito ya IP akhala akufufuzidwa mosaganizira anthu omwe ali nawo 'magawo osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi kudziletsa. Zofufuza zaposachedwapa zikuwonetsa kuti kudziletsa paokha, ndipo pamene akuyankhulana ndi kuyesayesa kunayesedwa, amalingalira zovuta zowonongeka. Takhala tikukambilana za zovuta za kupeŵa kapena kulakalaka zolaula monga momwe tingatanthauzire momwe kudziletsa paokha kunganeneretu kukhumudwa kwakukulu, chifukwa vuto lomwe lingakhalepo lingasonyeze kwa munthu kuti pangakhale kukakamizidwa pa zolaula zawo . Komabe, pakalipano, njira yeniyeni yomwe khama lokhazikika likukhudzana ndi kukakamizidwa kumangokhala losatsimikizika ndipo ndi njira yopitiliza kufufuza.
Kuchiritsa kwachipatala
Pomaliza, zomwe tapeza zimapereka tanthauzo lofunikira pakuthandizira anthu omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Pakhala pali umboni m'mabukuwa wonena kuti pakhala pali anthu ochulukirachulukira omwe akuti akukonda zolaula (Cavaglion, 2008, 2009; Kalman, 2008; Mitchell, Becker-Blease, & Finkelhor, 2005; Mitchell & Wells, 2007 ). Achipatala omwe akugwira ntchito ndi anthu omwe akuti ali ndi chizolowezi choonera zolaula amafunika kuti aziganiza mozama, m'malo mokayikira kuti izi ndizolondola. Zomwe tapeza zikusonyeza kuti ngati munthu angaone kuti akukakamira kugwiritsa ntchito IP yawo, zikuwoneka kuti malingaliro awa atha kuwonekeradi. Momwemonso, asing'anga ayenera kuzindikira kuti "kukakamizidwa kuzindikira" kumatha kuwonedwa ngati lingaliro lothandiza kukhala nalo, ngati malingaliro akuwonetsera zenizeni. Anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito IP atha kupindula ndikudzizindikira kuti ndiwokakamiza, ndipo atha kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso ichi pamakhalidwe awo kusankha ngati angafunike kusintha njira zawo. Anthu omwe sakudziwa ngati kugwiritsa ntchito IP ndikukakamiza kapena ayi atha kuyeserera kachitidwe kofanana ndi kamene kagwiritsidwa ntchito mu phunziroli, ndikudziletsa ngati cholinga (cha masiku 14 kapena zina). Kuyeserera kwamakhalidwe kotereku kungapereke njira yothandiza kuwonetsetsa kuti malingaliro ali ozikika, kudzera pakuphunzira kwakanthawi.
Chofunika kwambiri, zomwe tapeza zimasonyeza kuti kudzidzimva nokha kudzikakamiza kwa chidziwitso kungakhale kolondola ngakhale ngati munthuyo sakugwirizana ndi zolaula. Madokotala sayenera kuthamangira kukana kudzifufuza okhaokha kwa anthu omwe amatsutsa zolaula ndi makhalidwe otere chifukwa cha zikhulupiliro zawo. Komabe, odwala akuyenera kukumbukira kuti kuvutika maganizo komwe kumakhudzana ndi zolaula zomwe ogula makasitomala amagwiritsa ntchito, makamaka omwe amatsutsa makhalidwe olaula, amawoneka kuti ndi osiyana ndi kudziyesa kudzidzimva kwa kudzikweza. Kusokonezeka maganizo, mofanana ndi momwe amawerengeredwera ndi CPUI-9, sikuti zimakhala chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito ntchito ya IP, ndipo amafunika kuchitidwa ngati nkhani yosiyana. Mofananamo, odwala amafunikanso kuzindikira kuti munthu akhoza kukhala ndi chilakolako chenicheni pa ntchito yawo ya IP popanda kwenikweni kumverera maganizo monga manyazi kapena kupsinjika kumene kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi IP.
Zoperewera ndi malangizo pa kafukufuku wamtsogolo
Kulephereka kwa phunziroli ndikutanthauza kuti kudziletsa ngati zosinthika ndizatsopano, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zosasinthika mosavuta. Chinthu chimodzi chokha chinagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kudziletsa, kuchepetsa kudalirika kwa muyeso. Ndondomeko yatsopano yodziwonetsera iyenera kumangidwa kuti imvetsetse njira zake. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, khama la kudziletsa linapangidwanso mwa kuyesayesa, ndipo chifukwa chake, mwina pangakhale kusowa kwachithupithupi mwa ophunzira kuti asiye ku IP poyamba. Kafukufuku wamtsogolo uyeneranso kuganizira zofuna kuti asapite ku IP, zomwe zingakhale zokhudzana ndi khama la kudziletsa koma zomveka bwino. N'zotheka kuti zifukwa zopewa IP, zirizonse zifukwa, zingakhudzire momwe ntchito yodziletsa imayendera ndi ophunzira.
Chigawo chachiwiri chomwe chimapangidwa mu phunziro laposachedwapa ndi chakuti zinaphatikizapo masiku okwanira 14. Nthawi ya 14 ikhoza kuwonedwa ngati yaifupi kwambiri kuti ikuwonetseni zovuta za momwe kukakamizidwa kumakhalira mwa anthu omwe ali pachikhalidwe chenichenicho. Mwachitsanzo, zingakhale zotheka kuti anthu ena azipewa zolaula kwa masiku a 14, koma zingakhale zovuta kuti muchite zimenezi kwa nthawi yaitali. Zingakhale zothandiza pa maphunziro apamtsogolo kuti ayesedwe ndi ntchito zosadziletsa za nthawi zosiyanasiyana, kuti adziwe ngati nthawi yodziletsa imapangitsa kusiyana.
Gawo lachitatu ndilokuti chitsanzo chogwiritsidwa ntchito mu phunziro lino chimalepheretsa generalizability ya zomwe apeza. Ophunzirawo anali amuna, Kumwera cha Kum'mawa kwa Asia, ndipo ambiri mwa iwo anali ndi ophunzira ophunzirira zapamwamba. Komanso, anthu omwe sanali a chipatala ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pa phunziroli, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zomwe akupeza panopa sizingatheke kuzipatala.
Pomalizira pake, panalibe kusemphana ndi momwe machitidwe oonera zolaula akugwiritsira ntchito komanso kusayesayesa kuyesedwa kunayesedwa mu phunziro lomweli, lomwe linali mwafupipafupi, mwachitsanzo, "Munayang'ana kangati IP nthawi yamasiku akale a 14, "Pamene kafukufuku wakale (Grubbs et al., 2015a, ndi zina zotero) adayesa zolaula amagwiritsira ntchito nthawi yochuluka (maola). Ngakhale kuyesa kusintha kwa maola angapangitse kuti zithunzi zolaula zikhale zovuta kwambiri, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuona kuti nthawi yowonera sizitanthauza kuti nthawi zambiri zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, n'zotheka kuti munthu amatha maola atatu akuwonerera zolaula pamalo amodzi, ndipo samawona zithunzi zolaula masiku ena a 13, akuwonetsera nthawi yambiri, koma nthawi yayitali. N'kuthekanso kuti munthu wina amaonera zolaula za 10 tsiku lililonse pa tsiku la 14, kusonyeza nthawi yambiri koma nthawi yayitali. Timakonza kuti njira yabwino yoyezera ikanalephera kuyesayesa kudzakhala nthawi zambiri osati maola onse. Kuwona kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe anthu amawona ngati IP monga zochitika zowonongeka zingakhale zowoneka bwino momwe angayang'anire momwe angayang'anire zoyesayesa zoletsa kudziletsa (mwachitsanzo, pambuyo pa "kutsekedwa" kosavuta "kudziletsa" kubwezeretsedwa, kusonyeza kuyesedwa kwotsatira, ndi zina zotero). Komabe, kupweteka kwa kuyang'ana zolaula kumagwiritsa ntchito njirayi ndikuti "nthawi" yodziwika yomwe munthu akuyang'ana zolaula amatsutsana ndi nthawi yake. Kuti mupeze chithunzi chokwanira, maphunziro a m'tsogolomu angaganizire mayendedwe onse a kugwiritsa ntchito IP.
Kutsiliza
Phunziroli ndilo kuyesa kufufuza ngati ziwerengero za CPUI-9 zikuwonetseratu zokakamiza. Mwachidule, tapeza kuti pamene CPUI-9 imatengedwa kwathunthu, kukanidwa ndi khalidwe ndilo lokhalo lodziwika bwino. Komabe, panthawi yosokonezeka, khalidwe losokoneza khalidwe limangotchulidwa kuti ndi Zomwe Zimasokoneza Maganizo, ndipo sizinali zovuta kuti zikhale zovuta. Mosiyana ndi zolosera zam'tsogolo, kulephera kudziletsa sikunaneneratu mamba a CPUI-9. M'malo mwake, analephera kudziletsa kuti adziwonetsere zovuta zodzikakamiza (koma osati zovuta za mumtima), chifukwa chodziletsa kwambiri. Mwachindunji, pamene kudziletsa kunali kwakukulu ndipo kulephera kudziletsa kunali kwakukulu, zovuta zodzikakamiza zodziwika zinali zazikulu. Tapeza kuti ubalewu unagwiridwa ngakhale atakhala ndi chilakolako cha makhalidwe, kutsimikizira kuti zovuta zodzikakamiza zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimangokhala zokakamiza, ngakhale kuti amatsutsa zolaula. Zomwe timapeza zimabweretsanso mafunso okhudzana ndi kuthekera kwa mavuto a Emotional Distcale kuti akhale mbali ya CPUI-9, popeza Emotional Distress subscale analibe mgwirizano ndi zovuta zenizeni. Kuwonjezera apo, phunziro lathu limayesetsanso kuyesayesa ngati kusinthasintha kofunikira komwe kumafunikanso kufufuzidwa kuti tithe kumvetsa bwino zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
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