MAFUNSO: Phunziroli likufotokozera zomwe zapezeka phunziro la University of 2014 Cambridge poyerekeza nkhanza zolaula zowonongeka zimayesetsa kukhala ndi thanzi labwino. Komabe phunziro latsopanolo limasiyana ndi Cambridge imodzi. M'malo moyerekezera anthu ochita zachiwerewere kuti azitha kulamulira, maphunziro atsopanowa amatsutsana kwambiri pa nkhani yokhudzana ndi kugonana kwazotsatira za zotsatira za ntchito yomwe ikuyang'ana chisankho (ndondomeko yowonongeka). Phunzirolo linalongosola zotsatira zitatu zotsatira:
- Zovuta zogonana zokhudzana ndi kugonana zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwakukulu (kudodometsedwa kochulukirapo) pa ntchito yowonongeka. Izi zikugwirizana ndi maphunziro osokoneza bongo ndi Phunziro la yunivesite ya Cambridge. Mwachitsanzo, m'mayeso ofanana ndi omwe amamwa mowa mwauchidakwa, mawu ngati "malo omwera mowa" ndi "mowa" amasokoneza luso la wophunzirayo kuti agwire bwino ntchitoyo.
- Izi ndi zatsopano: Kafukufukuyu adalumikiza "zaka zakugonana" ndi 1) kuchuluka kwa anthu ogonana komanso 2) zotsatira zakukondera. Mwa iwo omwe amadziona kuti ndi achiwerewere, zochepa zaka zokhudzana ndi kugonana zinali zokhudzana ndi wamkulu kukondera. Kukakamira kwambiri pazaka zogonana + zaka zocheperapo zakugonana = zizindikilo zazikulu zakukonda (chidwi chachikulu, kapena kusokonezedwa). Koma kukondera kumachepa kwambiri mwa omwe akuwagwiritsa ntchito mokakamiza, ndipo kumazimiririka pazaka zambiri zogonana. Olembawo adatsimikiza kuti zotsatirazi zitha kuwonetsa kuti zaka zambiri "zogonana mokakamiza" zimabweretsa chizolowezi chachikulu kapena kufooka kwachisangalalo poyankha (kukhumudwitsa). Chidule cha gawo lomaliza:
"Chimodzi mwazotheka kufotokozera zotsatirazi ndikuti momwe munthu wokonda zachiwerewere amakhala ndi chizolowezi chomangokakamira, template yodzutsa chilakolako imayamba [36-38] ndikuti pakapita nthawi, machitidwe owopsa kwambiri amafunikira kuti gawo lomwelo lodzutsa likwaniritsidwe. Amanenanso kuti munthu akamachita zachiwerewere, njira zopweteketsa mtima zimasokonekera pazokonda zogonana kapena zifanizo ndipo anthu amatembenukira kuzokonda kwambiri kuti akwaniritse zomwe akufuna. Izi zikugwirizana ndi ntchito yomwe ikuwonetsa kuti amuna 'athanzi' amakhala ndi chizolowezi chofotokozera zomwe zimachitika pakapita nthawi komanso kuti chizolowezichi chimadziwika ndi kuchepa kwazisangalalo komanso mayankho okhutiritsa [39]. Izi zikusonyeza kuti anthu omwe amachita zachiwerewere akhala 'achizungu' kapena osayanjanitsika ndi mawu 'okhudzana' ogonana omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito phunziroli ndipo kuwonetsa kumeneku kumachepetsa chidwi, pomwe iwo omwe ali ndi kukakamizidwa kwambiri komanso osadziŵa zambiri adawonetsabe zosokoneza chifukwa zoyeserera zimawonetsa kuzindikira kolimbikitsidwa. "
3. Pakati pa ophunzira omwe ali ndi zifukwa zochepa zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere chotsutsana ndi chiwerewere amakhalabe pafupifupi nthawi zonse ngakhale kuti chidziwitso cha kugonana chinakula.
Eur Addict Res. 2016 Oct 1;23(1):1-6.
Albery IP1, Lowry J, Kukulitsa D, Johnson HL, Hogan C, Moss AC.
Kudalirika
MALANGIZO / ZOTHANDIZA:
Ngati chilakolako chogonana ndi makhalidwe ena oledzeretsa chimafanana ndi zomwe zimachitika kale, zomwe zakhala zikuchitika panthawiyi zokhudzana ndi khalidwe loyendetsa bwino ndizofunika.
ZITSANZO:
Kufufuza zofuna zokhudzana ndi kugonana pakati pa anthu ogonana komanso kugonana pakati pa kugonana ndi kugonana ndi chisankho, anthu ochita zachiwerewere a 55 anamaliza ntchito yogwira ntchito ya Stroop komanso kugwirizanitsa kugonana.
ZOKHUDZA:
Zomwe zinawonekera zimasonyeza chidwi chokhudza zokhudzana ndi kugonana pakati pa anthu ogonana. Kuonjezera apo, pakati pa iwo omwe ali ndi zochepa zokhuza kugonana, ziwerengero za zofuna zapamwamba zinali zofanana pazochitika zonse zokhudzana ndi kugonana. Pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi chilakolako chogonana, chidwi chochuluka chinali chogwirizana ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha kugonana.
POMALIZA:
Zomwe zimakondweretsa zokhudzana ndi kuganizira zikusiyana ngati ntchito ya mgwirizano pakati pa nthawi yomwe munthu wakhala akugwira ntchito yogonana komanso momwe amachita chiwerewere.
PMID: 27694756
DOI: 10.1159/000448732
KUCHOKERA KU DISCUSSION
Papepalali adafufuza momwe anthu ena amagwirira ntchito mosakondera. Ngati tivomereza umboni wonena kuti zizolowezi zosokoneza bongo ndizokakamira ndizofala kwakuti amagawana kusintha kwamachitidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi zigawo zomwe zimayenderana ndi kuwongolera mopitilira muyeso [6], zikuyenera kukhalanso choncho kuti zizolowezi zosokoneza ziyenera amagawana njira yofananira yoyankhira pamaumboni okhudzana ndi njirazi. Zongopeka, akuti njira zingapo zakumvetsetsa kukula ndi kukonza kwamakhalidwe olowerera zimagwirizana ndi kulingalira uku. Mwachitsanzo, malingaliro osalimbikitsa akumalimbikitsa kuti kuyankha kwa dopaminergic pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mobwerezabwereza kumawonjezeka mpaka kufika pakulimbikitsidwa, kulimbikitsidwa kwambiri, komanso kuyambitsa machitidwe kudzera pakulakalaka komwe munthu amakumana nako poyankha zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zinthu [18 Mofananamo, Franken [ [Chithunzi patsamba 17] adati pambuyo podziwona mobwerezabwereza ndi chinthu, zomwe zimayenderana zimayamba kukhala zazikulu ndipo zimatha chidwi chifukwa chamasulidwe a dopamine mu dera la corticostriatal lokhudzana ndi malingaliro a izi. Kulingalira uku kukuwonetsa kuti anthu ayenera kuwonetsa kusiyanasiyana pazinthu zokhudzana ndi zomwe amalimbikitsidwa. Tidayesa ngati anthu akuwonetsa mayankho otere mu ntchito yosinthidwa ya Stroop, yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito mozama kuti isunthire zosokoneza zazomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi nkhawa. Zomwe apeza zikuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe amachita zachiwerewere amawonetseratu kusokonezedwa kwamitundu yakutchulira mawu okhudzana ndi kugonana okhudzana ndi zomwe sizimalowerera ndale, ndipo kukula kwa kusankhaku kunali kosiyana kwambiri ndi gawo loyambira (zosonyeza kusasokonezedwa). Umboni uwu umatsimikizira mtundu womwewo wazotsatira kwa omwe adanenedwa pazokhudzana ndi mankhwala [21] komanso machitidwe osagwirizana ndi zinthu kuphatikizapo machitidwe ogonana [30-32, 35].
Ngakhale kuti umboni umenewu umapereka umboni wosonyeza kuti anthu ambiri amachita zachiwerewere, timakondanso kufufuza mgwirizano pakati pa moyo wautali ndi chikhalidwe chokwanira kuti anthu azichita zinthu mosayenera. Mogwirizana ndi mfundo zomwe zafotokozedwa mu chiphunzitso cholimbikitsana [18] ndi njira ya neuropsychopharmacological [17], kukondera kwakukulu kuyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi zochitika zowonongeka za khalidwe ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi chilakolako chokwanira kapena kuledzera pa makhalidwe osiyanasiyana [15]. Zomwe sizikuwonekera pa njirayi, komabe, momwe chidwi chokhudzidwira chikukhudzidwa ndi chiyanjano pakati pa moyo wautali wokhudzana ndi khalidwe ndi kukakamiza
Mogwirizana ndi ntchito yam'mbuyomu yowonjezereka m'makhalidwe ena osokoneza bongo, chinali chithunzithunzi choyambirira kuti padzakhala chiyanjano chogwirizana pakati pa khalidwe labwino ndi chilakolako cha kugonana mukuneneratu zamakono. Mogwirizana ndi zomwe tapeza, ntchito yowunika mgwirizano pakati pa kugonana ndi kusakondera kwakhala ikuwonetsa mgwirizano wabwino [11, 32]. Komabe, kufotokoza kwathu kumaphatikiza kuntchito iyi pozindikira kufunika kwa mgwirizano pakati pa nthawi yogonana yogonana yogonana ndi zovuta zogonana zokhudzana ndi kugonana komwe kumakhalapo poyerekeza ndi zofuna zambiri. Zinawonedwa kuti pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana, magulu okhudzana ndi chiwerewere anali ofanana m'magulu onse okhudzana ndi kugonana. Pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi chilakolako chogonana, kuwonjezereka kwakukulu kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha kugonana komanso kuchepetsa chidwi chokhudzana ndi chiwerewere. Zowona, izi zowunikira zikuonetsa kuti chidwi chokhudzidwa ndi zosokoneza zokhudzana ndi kuganizira chimasiyana ngati ntchito ya mgwirizano pakati pa nthawi yomwe munthu wakhala akugwira ntchito yogonana komanso momwe amachita chiwerewere.
Chifukwa chimodzi chokha cha zotsatirazi ndi chakuti monga munthu wodzinyengerera amayamba kuchita zinthu zowonongeka, chiwonetsero chokwanira chinayamba [36-38] ndipo pakapita nthawi, khalidwe loipa kwambiri limafunikanso kuti likhale lofanana. Akutsutsaninso kuti ngati munthu ali ndi chizoloŵezi chochulukirapo, njira zowonongeka zimakhala zowonongeka ku zowonjezera zowononga zogonana kapena zithunzi ndi anthu omwe amatha kukhala ndi zovuta zowonjezera kuti azindikire zomwe akufuna. Izi zikugwirizana ndi ntchito yosonyeza kuti amuna amtundu wabwino amakhala ndi chizoloŵezi chodandaula pakapita nthawi komanso kuti chizoloŵezichi chimakhala chochepetsedwa komanso chokhutiritsa [39]. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu ochita zachiwerewere, omwe ali ndi chiwerewere amakhala 'opanda pake' kapena osayanjananso ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chizoloŵezi cha pulogalamuyi ndipo amaonetsa kuchepetsa chidwi, pamene anthu omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chochuluka komanso osadziŵa zambiri akuwonetseratu zosokoneza chifukwa zovuta zimasonyeza kuzindikira kolimbikitsa kwambiri. Ntchito yamtsogolo idzafunika kuti tiyese kuyang'ana izi poyerekeza magulu a anthu ogonana, apamwamba komanso otsika kwambiri pa kugonana, pazokakamizidwa komanso zowonongeka.
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