Kugonana & Kukakamira: The Journal of Treatment & Prevention
Lijun Chen, Cody Ding, Xiaoliu Jiang & Marc N. Potenza
Idasindikizidwa pa intaneti: 26 Jan 2019
https://doi.org/10.1080/10720162.2018.1547234
Kudalirika
Mafunso amakhalabe okhudza momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zovuta zogonana pa Intaneti (OSA) komanso njira zomwe zingayambitse kugwiritsa ntchito ma OSA ndi zotsatira zake. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito komanso kukakamiza, monga momwe anawonetsera polakalaka, kuwona zolaula zakhala zikuphatikizidwa m'ma OSA ovuta, mgwirizano wawo pakati pa maubwenzi. Timakonza ndi kuyesa chitsanzo chomwe chilakolako choonera zolaula chingalimbikitse kuchita zambiri ku OSA komanso nthawi yambiri yogwira nawo ntchito za OSA, ndipo izi zingayambitse OSA mavuto ndi zotsatira zake zoipa monga zowawa. Deta kuchokera kwa ophunzira a 1070 ku sukuluyi inanena kuti 20.63% ya ophunzira anali pangozi yogwiritsa ntchito ma OSA ovuta, ndipo gulu ili linali ndi ma OSA ambiri, nthawi yambiri yogwiritsira ntchito, chilakolako choposa zolaula komanso zovuta zambiri za maphunziro.
Njira yathu yopitilira njirayo inathandizidwa pang'onopang'ono. Kulakalaka zolaula kunkagwirizana ndi ma OSA ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito, kotero kupyolera pafupipafupi kuposa kuchuluka kwa OSA, ndi OSA zinali zokhudzana ndi maganizo osaphunzira. Kafukufuku wamtsogolo wa OSA ovuta kugwiritsira ntchito ayenera kuganizira zovuta za maubwenzi pakati pa chilakolako, kugwiritsa ntchito OSA ndi njira zolakwika za ophunzira ku koleji ndi magulu ena.
ZINTHU
EXCERPTS
Mu chitsanzo cha ophunzira oposa 1,000 Chinese koleji, tinayesa chitsanzo chomwe chilakolako choonera zolaula chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa momwe ma OSA angagwiritsire ntchito ma OSA, kuti izi zithetse kukhumudwa kwa maphunziro. Chitsanzo chathu chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Mu chitsanzo cha ophunzira a koleji, tapeza kuti pafupi 20% ya ophunzira anali pangozi / ovuta-gulu la OSA-ntchito. Gululi, limodzi mwa atatu omwe amadziwika ndi kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane, likuwonetsa zochitika zazikulu zowonjezereka kuphatikizapo ntchito zovuta za OSA, kuchuluka kwa ntchito za OSA, kuchuluka kwa ntchito za OSA, kukhumba zolaula, ndi maganizo osaphunzira. Gulu la masewera a pakati, omwe ali ndi 35% la zitsanzo, adawonetsa ziwerengero zochepa za OSA zovuta zokhudzana ndi mavuto omwe ali pangozi / osokonekera komanso osagwirizana. gulu la anthu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo pakati pawo linasonyezeranso zapamwamba pa zilakolako zolaula, maulendo a OSA, ndi zolakwika za maphunziro, koma amalinganiza mofanana ndi nthawi ya ntchito ya OSA. Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza zotsatira zingapo zofunika. Choyamba, pali gulu lalikulu la anthu (21.1%) lomwe likuwonetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa OSA, ndipo gulu ili likuwonetsa mavuto akuluakulu pazochitika zosiyanasiyana za kugonana. Chachiwiri, ngakhale chiwerengero chachikulu (35%) chikuwonetsa ntchito zovuta za OSA, ndipo gululi likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gulu losagwiritsa ntchito vutoli poona zolaula zolakalaka komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma OSA, komanso makamaka kuyang'ana kwa SEM. Komabe, gulu loopsya lapakatikati poyerekeza ndi gulu lomwe liri pangozi / lovuta silikuwoneka kuti limasiyana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito ndi zotsatira zotheka, kuphatikizapo malingaliro oipa omwe amaphunzira. Tzochitika zonse zikusonyeza kuti pangakhale kusiyana kwakukulu muyeso ndi kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe ka zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga tafotokozera kale (Fernandez et al., 2017). Kuphunzira kwina kukusonyezedwa kuti aone zotsatira zomwe zingakhalepo zotsatira zokhudzana ndi zokambirana zambiri ku OSA, kuphatikizapo malingaliro olakwika a maphunziro. Kuwonjezera apo, kufufuza kwa nthawi yaitali kumafunika kuti tifufuze molondola ndondomeko ya maguluwa komanso momwe zinthu zina zingakhudzire kusintha.
Zomwe anapeza kuti 20% ya ophunzira a koleji adasankhidwa ndi kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane m'ndondomeko yowonjezera yowunikira gulu. Pafupifupi zaka khumi zapitazo, Cooper et al. adanenanso kuchuluka kwa 9.6% yogwiritsa ntchito ma OSA pamavuto (Cooper, Morahan, Mathy, & Maheu, 2002), pomwe Daneback et al. adapeza kuchuluka kwa 5.6% (Daneback, Cooper, & Mansson, 2005). Posachedwa, kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Ross et al. adatinso kuchuluka kwakuphatikizidwa pamavuto mu OSAs a 5% mwa akazi ndi 13% mwa amuna (Ross, Mansson, & Daneback, 2012). M'maphunziro awa, zida ndi zida zimasiyanasiyana, kuwonetsa kuti zotsatira zake ndizoyeserera ndipo kufananiza kwawo kumakhala kovuta (Karila et al., 2014; W_ery et al., 2016). Pazonse, kafukufuku wopezeka m'matenda akuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwamavuto ogwiritsira ntchito ma OSA mwina kukuwonjezeka kuyambira pomwe intaneti yakhala ikukula komanso kupezeka kwa masamba atsopano komanso aulere ogonana (Wetterneck, Burgess, Short, Smith, & Cervantes, 2012).
Cholinga chachikulu cha phunziroli ndi kufufuza momwe chilakolako choonera zolaula chingagwire ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ma OSA kuti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika ndi ma OSA ndikukhala ndi maganizo oipa. Malingana ndi maganizo athu oyambirira, zifukwa zoonera zolaula zingachititse anthu kugwiritsira ntchito OSA mobwerezabwereza komanso ochulukirapo (Chithunzi 1, njira B), zomwe zimapangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito OSAs (Figure 1, njira C), ndipo kenako ndi maphunziro osokoneza bongo maganizo mu chitsanzo cha koleji. Malingaliro athu anali makamaka othandizidwa. Zolaula zolaula zimaneneratu kuti ntchito zovuta za OSA zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji ndi molakwika pafupipafupi za ma OSA (koma osati kuchuluka kwa ma OSA, kuwonetseranso kufunika koyesa njira ziwiri) (Fernandez et al., 2017). Komanso, OSA zovuta zinali zokhudzana ndi maganizo osaphunzira.
Zithunzi zolaula zokhumba chiwerengero zinaneneratu kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ma OSA mwachindunji kumagwiritsa ntchito ma OSA mobwerezabwereza koma osati kuchuluka kwa ntchito za OSA. Pafupipafupi ma OSA pakuyanjana ndi zolaula komanso zovuta za OSA zimagwirizana ndi zomwe apeza kale (Kraus & Rosenberg, 2014). Ngakhale zambiri zikuwonetsa kuti nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa intaneti imatha kuneneratu zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti (Tokunaga & Rains, 2010), palinso kafukufuku wosonyeza kuti nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito intaneti yokha sinathe kuneneratu za chizolowezi cha intaneti (Carbonell et al., 2012). Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta kwakhala kofanana kwambiri ndi nthawi yomwe munthu amakhala akuwonera zolaula pa intaneti (Bothe et al., 2017), komanso kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa zolaula komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikofunikira kuziganizira poyesa kuyesa kupewa zolaula (Fernandez et al., 2017).
Kugwiritsira ntchito molakwika kwa OSA kungabweretse mavuto a maganizo (Bostwick & Bucci, 2008; Cavaglion, 2008; Egan & Parmar, 2013; Amitundu, Coyne, & Bricolo, 2012; Griffiths, 2011; Pyle & Bridges, 2012). Phunziro la tsopano, kugwiritsira ntchito molakwika kwa OSAs kunatanthauzanso kuti ophunzira a sukulu ya koleji samamva bwino. Zithunzi zolaula zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira zabwino (mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito zosangalatsa) kapena kuchepetsa zinthu zoyipa monga kusungulumwa, kupsinjika, kapena kukhumudwa (Bridges & Morokoff, 2011), ndikuwonetsa kuti malingaliro olakwika angayambitse zolaula (Kohut &? Stulhofer, 2018). Popita nthawi, ophunzira amatha kuyamba kuonera zolaula mobwerezabwereza ndipo atha kukhala ndi zizolowezi zophunzirira komanso / kapena kugona, kumavutika kuyang'ana, ndipo mwina amasowa maphunziro kapena zochitika zina kusukulu (Ohuakanwa et al., 2012), zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi chachikulu pamaphunziro (kunyong'onyeka, kusowa chochita, kukhumudwa, kapena kutopa). Mwachidule, munthu akhoza kukhala ndi chizolowezi chokhala ndi malingaliro okhumudwitsa, kuwonera zolaula pa intaneti ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma OSA kumachitika, kukhumudwa kwakanthawi kumatsitsika kwakanthawi kochepa, ndipo zovuta zazitali zimayamba, ndikulimbitsa zovuta kapena zosokoneza kuzungulira (Brand et al., 2016). Pakukhazikitsidwa kwina kulikonse, kuwongolera kuchepa, kusamala nthawi, kulakalaka zolaula, komanso zovuta zamagulu zimatha kukumana, zomwe zimatha kupititsa patsogolo kutsika (Cooper, Putnam, Planchon, & Boies, 1999).
Zomwe zilipo tsopano zikukhudzidwa pazomwe mukuchita. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti zolaula zowonongeka, kuchuluka kwa ntchito za OSA ndi zochuluka, ndi zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asamaphunzire zolakwika zimayanjanitsidwa ndi OSA zovuta. TZotsatira zake zimakhudzanso zomwe zimachitika m'maphunziro am'mbuyomu zomwe zimafotokoza za zolaula zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zovuta zina (Drummond, Litten, Lowman, & Hunt, 2000; Kraus & Rosenberg, 2014). Zomwe apezazi zikuwonetsa njira yomwe kukhumba kumatha kubweretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa ma OSA komanso mavuto ena
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