Kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi pamayanjano azovuta zamaganizidwe komanso kukakamizidwa kugonana kale komanso nthawi ya mliri wa COVID-19 (2022)

Introduction

Mliri wa COVID-19 wakhala wachuma (Pak et al., 2020), chikhalidwe (Abel & Gietel-Basten, 2020) komanso zotsatira za thanzi labwino (Ammar et al., 2021) padziko lonse lapansi. Pamene World Health Organisation (WHO) idalengeza za mliri wa COVID-19 pa Marichi 11^th 2020, maiko ambiri adachitapo kanthu pokhazikitsa njira zochepetsera kusuntha kwa anthu ("kutseka"). Zoletsa zolumikizanazi zidachokera ku malingaliro chabe oti anthu azikhala kunyumba mpaka nthawi yofikira kunyumba. Maphwando ambiri anaimitsidwa kapena kuthetsedwa. Cholinga cha zoletsa izi chinali kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha matenda ("kuwongolera mayendedwe") kudzera pakuletsa kuyenda komanso zoletsa zamagulu. Mu Epulo 2020 "theka la anthu" linali litatsekedwa (Sandford, 2020). Kuyambira 22^nd ya Marichi mpaka 4^th m'mwezi wa Meyi, boma la Germany lidalamula zoletsa kulumikizana komwe kumakhudza kusakumana ndi magulu a anthu, osalumikizana "osafunikira" onse komanso kwa anthu ambiri ogwira ntchito kunyumba. Panthawi yamavuto, anthu amakhudzidwa mosiyanasiyana ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zothanirana ndi vutoli. Pavuto lomwe likupitilira la COVID-19, panali malipoti okhudza kuchuluka kwamavuto amtundu wa anthu monga nkhanza zapakhomo (Ebert & Steinert, 2021) komanso kuchuluka kwa mowa (Morton, 2021).

Chifukwa cha kudzipatula, (mantha) kutaya ntchito ndi mavuto azachuma (Döring, 2020) kufalikira kwa COVID-19 kudakhala chochitika chodetsa nkhawa kwa anthu ambiri. Pali umboni wina, woti mliriwu ndi kutsekeka kwake zitha kukhudza amuna ndi akazi mosiyana. M'mabanja ambiri ku Germany, ntchito za chisamaliro sizinagawidwe mofanana pakati pa onse awiri (Hank & Steinbach, 2021), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zosiyanasiyana pothana ndi mliriwu. Mu kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi chidziwitso cha kupsinjika kwa mliri, Czymara, Langenkamp, ​​and Cano (2021) nenani kuti amayi amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusamalira ana panthawi yotseka kuposa amuna, omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zachuma komanso ntchito zolipira (Czymara et al., 2021). Kuwonjezera pamenepo, pa kafukufuku wina wa ku United States, amayi ananena kuti anachepetsa maola awo ogwirira ntchito kuwirikiza kanayi kapena kasanu kuposa mmene amachitira abambo pa nthawi yoletsa kulankhulana.Collins, Landivar, Ruppanner, & Scarborough, 2021). Pali umboni wina wosonyeza kuti nkhawa ya thanzi idakhudza amayi kwambiri kuposa amuna panthawi ya mliri (Özdin & Özdin, 2020).

Popeza mliriwu umakhudza mbali zazikulu za moyo wa anthu, ndikofunikira kutengeranso moyo wamunthu wogonana. Zosintha zosiyanasiyana zakukoka kwa COVID-19 pamiyoyo ya anthu ogonana zikanayembekezereka mwamalingaliro: Kuwonjezeka kwa kugonana kwa mgwirizano (ndi "corona baby boom"), komanso kuchepa kwa kugonana kwa mgwirizano (chifukwa cha mikangano yambiri kutsekeredwa m'ndende) ndi kuchepa kwa kugonana kwachisawawa (Döring, 2020).

Zambiri zasonkhanitsidwa kale zokhudzana ndi mliriwu paumoyo wa kugonana. Pomwe maphunziro ena (mwachitsanzo Ferrucci et al., 2020; Fuchs et al., 2020) adanenanso kuchepa kwa kugonana ndi kugonana, maphunziro ena adajambula chithunzi chovuta kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Wignall ndi al. (2021) Adanenanso za kuchepa kwa zilakolako zakugonana mwa akazi panthawi yoletsa kucheza ndi anthu, koma kuchuluka kwa zilakolako mwa anthu okwatirana. Kuonjezera apo, anthu ochepa omwe adagonana nawo adanenanso kuwonjezeka kwa chilakolako, poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.

Pakuwunika kwakukulu kwamayiko ambiri Štuhlhofer et al. (2022), ambiri omwe adatenga nawo gawo adanenanso kuti chidwi chogonana sichinasinthe (53%), koma pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aliwonse (28.5%) linanena kuwonjezeka kwa chidwi chogonana panthawi ya mliri. Pagulu la anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi chofuna kugonana, palibe zotsatira za jenda zomwe zidanenedwa, pomwe amayi adanenanso za kuchepa kwa chidwi chogonana kuposa amuna (Štulhofer et al., 2022).

Pakufufuza ndi chitsanzo chachipatala chachikazi cha ku Turkey, Yuksel and Ozgor (2020) anapeza kuwonjezeka pafupifupi pafupipafupi kugonana anthu okwatirana pa mliri. Nthawi yomweyo, ochita nawo kafukufuku adanenanso za kuchepa kwa moyo wawo wogonana (Yuksel & Ozgor, 2020). Mosiyana ndi zomwe zapezedwazi, Lehmiller, Garcia, Gesselman, ndi Mark (2021) adanenanso kuti pafupifupi theka la zitsanzo zawo zapaintaneti za US-America (n = 1,559) adanenanso kuchepa kwa zochitika zawo zogonana. Nthawi yomweyo, achichepere omwe amakhala okha komanso opsinjika, amakulitsa nyimbo zawo zogonana ndi zogonana zatsopano (Lehmiller et al., 2021). Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wina wanenanso kuchuluka kwa zochitika zogonana komanso kukakamiza kugonana (SC) panthawi yotseka. Mwachitsanzo, mu kafukufuku wanthawi yayitali wogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa akuluakulu aku America, ofufuza adanenanso za kuchuluka kwa zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potseka koyamba. Kuchuluka kwa zolaula zolaula kunatsika mpaka kufika mu August 2020 (Grubbs, Perry, Grant Weinandy, & Kraus, 2022). Pakufufuza kwawo, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula movutikira kunatsika pansi pakapita nthawi kwa amuna ndipo kunakhalabe otsika komanso osasinthika mwa akazi. Wina atha kuganiza kuti kuchuluka komwe kukuchitika padziko lonse lapansi pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula m'masabata oyambilira a mliriwu, mwina mwina kungakhale chifukwa cha kuperekedwa kwaulere kwa tsamba limodzi lodziwika bwino la zolaula (Yang'anani pa intaneti, 2020). Chidwi chowonjezereka cha zolaula nthawi zambiri chidanenedwa m'maiko omwe ali ndi mfundo zotsekera (Zattoni et al., 2021).

Pamene khalidwe la kugonana likusintha panthawi ya mliri, ndikofunika kuyang'ana nthawi zomwe khalidwe la kugonana likhoza kukhala lovuta, mwachitsanzo pa nkhani ya Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD). Kuyambira 2018, CSBD ndiyodziwika bwino mu ICD-11 (Bungwe la World Health, 2019). Anthu omwe ali ndi CSBD amafotokoza zovuta zowongolera zilakolako zawo zogonana komanso kukumana ndi nkhawa chifukwa cha machitidwe awo ogonana. Zolemba zina zotsatirazi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pavutoli m'mbuyomu: kugonana kopitilira muyeso, kusachita bwino pakugonana, chilakolako chogonana komanso chizolowezi chogonana (Briken, 2020). Kuzindikirako kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kulephera kwa anthu okhudzidwawo kulamulira zilakolako zawo zogonana ndi makhalidwe, zomwe zimakhudza mbali zingapo za moyo. Monga lingaliro la khalidwe lokakamiza kugonana linatsutsana kale (Briken, 2020; Grubbs et al., 2020), zomanga izi sizikugwirizana kwathunthu. Kuphatikiza apo, si kafukufuku onse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito matenda odziwika bwino (mwachitsanzo, kuwunika mwa munthu kapena kufunsa mafunso), nthawi zambiri amangonena zachiwerewere mokakamiza (Kürbitz & Briken, 2021). Tidzagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti kugonana kukakamiza (SC) pantchito yapano, popeza sitingounika machitidwe okakamiza, komanso malingaliro okakamiza okhala ndi Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) yosinthidwa.

SC idalumikizidwa ndi zovuta zamaganizidwe m'mbuyomu. Mwachitsanzo, kulemedwa kwakukulu ndi mavuto a maganizo kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi mitengo yapamwamba ya SC ndi zizindikiro zambiri za SC. SC yalumikizidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwamalingaliro (Bőthe, Tóth-Király, Potenza, Orosz, & Demetrovics, 2020; Carvalho, Štulhofer, Vieira, & Jurin, 2015; Levi et al., 2020; Walton, Lykins, & Bhullar, 2016; Zlot, Goldstein, Cohen, & Weinstein, 2018), kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (Antonio et al., 2017; Diehl et al., 2019), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) (Kukangana, Briken, Stein, & Lochner, 2019; Levi et al., 2020), kuchuluka kwa zovuta (Werner, Stulhofer, Waldorp, & Jurin, 2018), komanso kuchuluka kwa matenda amisala (Ballester-Arnal, Castro-Calvo, Giménez-García, Gil-Juliá, & Gil-Llario, 2020).

Kuphatikiza apo, kusiyana kwina pakati pa jenda ndi ma correlates a SC kwanenedwapo (kuti mukambirane mozama onani Kürbitz & Briken, 2021). Mwachitsanzo, kupsinjika kwamalingaliro kwapezeka kuti kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi kuuma kwa chizindikiro cha SC mwa amuna poyerekeza ndi akazi (Levi et al., 2020). Mu phunziro lawo, Levi et al. Adanenanso kuti OCD, nkhawa ndi kukhumudwa zidapanga 40% ya kusiyana kwa SC mwa amuna koma 20% yokha ya kusiyana kwa SC mwa akazi (Levi et al., 2020). Kufunafuna zomverera nthawi zambiri kumafotokozedwa ngati chizolowezi cha munthu kufunafuna zochitika zolimbikitsa ndi zozungulira (Zuckerman, 1979). Kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi muzinthu zokhudzana ndi umunthu wa SC, monga kufuna kutengeka, kudanenedwa kale. Mwachitsanzo, Reid, Dhuffar, Parhami, and Fong (2012) anapeza kuti chikumbumtima chimagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi SC mwa amuna, pamene kutengeka (kufunafuna chisangalalo) kumagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi SC mwa akazi (Reid et al., 2012).

Pali umboni woyamba kuti kupsinjika kokhudzana ndi mliri kumatha kukhudza makamaka SC. Mu kafukufuku wa ophunzira aku yunivesite, Deng, Li, Wang, ndi Teng (2021) adawunika kukakamizidwa kugonana mogwirizana ndi kupsinjika kokhudzana ndi COVID-19. Poyamba (February 2020), kupsinjika kokhudzana ndi COVID-19 kudalumikizidwa bwino ndi kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe (kukhumudwa ndi nkhawa), koma kumalumikizidwa moyipa ndi zizindikiro zakukakamiza kugonana. Mu June 2020, anthu omwe adanenanso za kupsinjika kwakukulu kokhudzana ndi COVID-19 mu February, adanenanso za kuchuluka kwa SC.

Monga SC idalumikizidwa ndi jenda, kufunafuna kukhudzika komanso kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe, titha kuganiza kuti izi zimalumikizidwa ndi SC, makamaka munthawi ya mliri, pomwe anthu amakumana ndi zovuta zambiri komanso mwayi wochepa wochita zomwe amakonda. kufunafuna. M'kafukufuku wapano tafufuza (1) ngati zaka, kufunafuna kutengeka, kugwirizana ndi zoletsa, kuvutika m'maganizo, kukhala m'malo opanda mwayi wobwerera kapena ubale waubwenzi zikugwirizana ndi kusintha kwa SC kumayambiriro kwa mliri; (2) tidawona ngati jenda ndi woyang'anira mayanjano awa; ndipo (3) tidayerekeza kuti zizindikiro za SC zidasintha munthawi ya mliri, ndi zizindikiro zapamwamba za SC mwa amuna.

Njira

Results

Kukakamizika Kugonana pakapita nthawi

Amuna omwe adatenga nawo gawo adawonetsa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa Y-BOCS poyerekeza ndi omwe adatenga nawo gawo azimayi (p <.001). Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa Y-BOCS kunali kosiyana kwambiri pa nthawi yophunzira (p <.001), kuyanjana pakati pa jenda ndi nthawi sikunali kofunikira (p = .41). Njira zam'mphepete zochokera pamzere wosakanikirana zikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka koyambirira kwa ma Y-BOCS kuchokera ku T0 kupita ku T1 kwa amuna ndi akazi (Mkuyu 1). M'kupita kwanthawi ziwerengero zapakati zidabwerera kumilingo yomwe inali yofanana ndi muyeso wa mliri usanachitike.

ONANI KUKULU KWAMBIRI

 

Zindikirani. Y-BOCS imatanthawuza kuchokera ku mzere wosakanikirana wosakanikirana ndi miyeso yobwerezabwereza ya maphunzirowo ngati zotsatira zachisawawa. Zotsatira zokhazikika zinali jenda, nthawi komanso mgwirizano pakati pa jenda ndi nthawi. Mipiringidzo yolakwika imayimira 95% nthawi yodalirika ya njira zam'mphepete. Y-BOCS: Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale

Citation: Journal of Behavioral Addictions 11, 2; 10.1556/2006.2022.00046

• Tsitsani Chithunzi
• Tsitsani chithunzi monga PowerPoint slide

Linear regression model

Timapereka lipoti zomwe zapezeka pakuwunika kobwerezabwereza kambiri pakugwirizana kwamitundu ingapo yolosera ndi kusintha kwa kukakamiza pakugonana mu Gulu 4. Kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwapezeka (F (12, 279) = 2.79, p = .001) ndi R ² pa .107.

Gulu 4.

Kubwereza kangapo kwa zolosera zosiyanasiyana pakusintha kwa kukakamiza kugonana (t1-t0, n = 292)

	β	95% CI	p
Pewani	3.71
Amuna kapena akazi	0.13	(−2.83; 3.10)	.93
Age	-0.04	(−0.08; -0.00)	.042
Paubwenzi	-1.58	(−2.53; -0.62)	.001
Kusintha kwa PHQ-4	0.01	(−0.16; 0.19)	.885
Kusintha kwa PHQ-4 * Jenda la amuna	0.43	(0.06; 0.79)	.022
Kutsata malamulo a COVID-19	2.67	(−1.11; 6.46)	.166
Kutsata malamulo a COVID-19 * Jenda la amuna	0.29	(−1.61; 2.18)	.767
Kufunafuna	0.02	(−0.04; 0.08)	.517
Zofuna kutengeka * Jenda ndi mwamuna	-0.01	(−0.11; 0.10)	.900
Malo othawirako	-1.43	(−2.32; -0.54)	.002
Kuopa matenda	0.18	(−0.26; 0.61)	.418
Kutsata malamulo a COVID-19 * Kufunafuna Zomverera	-0.08	(−0.20; 0.04)	.165

Zindikirani. PHQ: Mafunso Odwala-Health-Funso; Kufunafuna Zomverera kunayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito Mulingo Wachidule Wofuna Zomverera.

Mu regression model (R ² = .107), ukalamba udalumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa SC panthawi yotseka koyamba. Komanso kukhala paubwenzi komanso kukhala ndi malo othawirako m'nyumba mwako kunalumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa SC yochepa. Ophunzirawo adanenanso za kuchepa kwa SC kuchokera ku T0 kupita ku T1, pomwe anali pachibwenzi kapena ali ndi malo othawirako kunyumba kwawo. Kusintha kwa kupsinjika kwamalingaliro kuchokera ku T0 kupita ku T1 (kusintha: kusintha kwa PHQ) sikunathandizire kwambiri kusintha kwa SC kokha, koma mogwirizana ndi jenda (β = 0.43; 95% CI (0.06; 0.79)). Amuna, omwe adanenanso za kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika maganizo analinso ndi mwayi wonena za kuwonjezeka kwa chilakolako chogonana (R ² = .21 mu chitsanzo cha bivariate), pamene izi sizinali zofunikira kwa amayi (R ² = .004). Kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe kumalumikizidwa ndi SC mwa amuna, koma osati mwa akazi (yerekezerani Mkuyu 2). Kutsata malamulo a COVID-19, kufunafuna kutengeka komanso kuopa matenda sikunagwirizane ndi kusintha kwa SC.

ONANI KUKULU KWAMBIRI

 

Kuyanjana kwa Psychological Distress ndi Gender pa SC Scores Zindikirani. PHQ: Mafunso Odwala-Health-Funso; Y-BOCS: Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale; Akazi: R ² mzere = 0.004; Amuna R ² mzere = 0.21

Citation: Journal of Behavioral Addictions 11, 2; 10.1556/2006.2022.00046

• Tsitsani Chithunzi
• Tsitsani chithunzi monga PowerPoint slide

Kukambirana

Tidafufuza mgwirizano wamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamaganizidwe ndi kusintha kwa SC mwa amuna ndi akazi koyambirira kwa mliri wa COVID-19. Ngakhale anthu ambiri adanenanso zazizindikiro za SC, 29.5% ya amuna ndi 10.0% ya amayi adanenanso zazizindikiro zolimba kapena zowopsa za SC mliri usanayambe. Maperesenti awa ndi otsikirapo kwa omwe a Engel ndi al. (2019) omwe adanenanso kuti 13.1% ya amayi ndi 45.4% ya amuna omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwa SC mu zitsanzo za mliri usanachitike kuchokera ku Germany, kuyeza ndi Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI-19, Reid, Garos, & Carpenter, 2011). Ziwerengero zokulirapo nthawi zambiri zimafotokozedwa m'masampuli osavuta (mwachitsanzo Carvalho 2015; Zithunzi za Castro Calvo 2020; Walton & Bhullar, 2018; Walton et al., 2017). Muchitsanzo chathu, abambo adanenanso za zizindikiro zapamwamba za SC poyerekeza ndi akazi pamiyeso yonse. Zotsatira izi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zapezedwa kale pa zizindikiro zapamwamba za SC mwa amuna poyerekeza ndi akazi (Carvalho et al., 2015; Castellini et al., 2018; Castro-Calvo, Gil-Llario, Giménez-García, Gil-Juliá, & Ballester-Arnal, 2020; Dodge, Reece, Cole, & Sandfort, 2004; Engel et al., 2019; Walton & Bhullar, 2018). Kufanana kwa amuna ndi akazi kwawonedwa pamachitidwe ogonana mwa anthu ambiri (Oliver & Hyde, 1993), omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala apamwamba mwa amuna.

Chochititsa chidwi, ndi 24.3% yokha ya zitsanzo zathu zomwe zimawonetsa ma subclinical a SC. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwa anthu omwe akulimbana ndi kugonana kwawo, chifukwa akadamva kuti akuyankhidwa makamaka ndi mutu wafukufukuwu kapena kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Institute for Sex Research. Kapenanso, chida cha Y-BOCS sichingasiyanitse mokwanira pakati pa magawo osiyanasiyana azizindikiro malinga ndi SC. Ngakhale kuti Y-BOCS yosinthidwa yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kale kuti awone kuopsa kwa zizindikiro mwa amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (Kraus et al., 2015), chida ichi chapangidwa ndikutsimikiziridwa kuti chikhale ndi vuto la obsessive-compulsive disorder osati kwa SC. Izi zimachepetsa kufunika kwa chidziwitso cha ziwerengero zodulidwa zomwe zanenedwa, zomwe ziyenera kutanthauziridwa mosamala. Komanso, phunziro la Hauschildt, Dar, Schröder, and Moritz (2019) akuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito Y-BOCS ngati njira yodziwonetsera nokha m'malo mokhala ngati kuyankhulana kwa matenda kungakhudze zotsatira mpaka pano kuti kuopsa kwa zizindikiro kungakhale kochepa. Kafukufuku wowonjezereka akuyenera kuchitidwa kuti afufuze momwe ma psychometric amasinthira a Y-BOCS ku SC ndikuyika chida ichi kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za SC.

Monga zikuyembekezeredwa, zotsatira zapano zikuwonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe ndi SC panthawi yoletsa kulumikizana ndi mliri. Pankhani ya mliri wa COVID-19, zomwe tapeza zikufanana ndi zomwe tapeza Deng ndi al. (2021), kumene kupsinjika maganizo kunaneneratu kukakamiza kugonana. Panthawi yoletsa kulumikizana koyambirira, abambo ndi amai adanenanso za SC, poyerekeza ndi zoletsa zisanachitike. Zotsatirazi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe apeza Grubbs ndi al. (2022), omwe adanena kuti kuchuluka kwa zolaula kumagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yotseka komanso kuchepa kwa zolaula zolaula mpaka August 2020. Mu chitsanzo chawo, zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimakhala zochepa komanso zosasintha kwa amayi. Pakafukufuku wapano, abambo ndi amai adanenanso za kuchuluka kwa SC ku T1, komwe kudatsika mpaka T2. Monga momwe izi zitha kuwonetsa kukhudzidwa kwa kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe panthawi yotseka komanso kuyesa kuthana ndi zogonana, ndikofunikira kukumbukiranso zinthu zina, mwachitsanzo, tsamba la zolaula Pornhub lomwe limapereka umembala waulere panthawi yotseka koyamba (Yang'anani pa intaneti, 2020).

Kupitilira apo, zotsatira za kafukufuku wapano zikuwonetsa kuti kukhala paubwenzi komanso kukhala ndi malo othawirako kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa SC. Kupsinjika kwamalingaliro kokha sikunathandizire kwambiri kusintha kwa SC, koma kokha mogwirizana ndi jenda. Kuwonjezeka kwa kupsinjika maganizo kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa SC kwa amuna koma osati kwa amayi. Izi zimagwirizana ndi maphunziro a Engel ndi al. (2019) omwe adapeza kulumikizana kwazizindikiro zakukhumudwa ndi kuchuluka kwa SC mwa amuna, poyerekeza ndi akazi. Mofananamo, Levi et al. (2020) adanenanso za kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwa OCD, kukhumudwa komanso nkhawa pa SC mwa amuna. Panali chiwonjezeko chazovuta zamaganizidwe kumayambiriro kwa mliriwu poyerekeza ndi mliri usanachitike mwa amuna ndi akazi, koma kuwonjezekaku sikunagwirizane ndi kuchuluka kwa SC mwa amayi. Zotsatira izi zimalimbitsa lingaliro (yerekezerani Engel et al., 2019; Levi et al., 2020) kuti amuna amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi kupsinjika maganizo ndi SC, poyerekeza ndi akazi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zotsatirazi ku Integrated Model ya CSBD (Briken, 2020), ndizomveka kuti zoletsa za COVID-19 zidakhudza zoletsa komanso zopatsa chidwi pamakhalidwe ogonana osiyanasiyana kwa amuna ndi akazi. Ngakhale, malinga ndi chitsanzo ichi, zinthu zolepheretsa mwa amayi nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa kwambiri, zokondweretsa sizinali zamphamvu kwa iwo monga amuna. Izi zitha kufotokozedwa ndi lingaliro loti kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe panthawi yotsekeredwa kwa akazi kumalumikizidwa ndi kuletsa kugonana (mwachitsanzo chifukwa cholimbikira pakusamalira ana kapena nkhawa, yerekezerani Štulhofer et al., 2022). Kwa amuna, kuvutika maganizo kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa SC. Izi zitha kufotokozedwa poganiza kuti zolepheretsa (monga kudzipereka kwa ntchito, zoletsa nthawi) sizinasinthidwe ndipo chifukwa chake zikadawonjezera SC. Malingaliro awa amalimbikitsidwa ndi zomwe apeza Czymara et al. (2021), omwe adanena kuti amuna amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chuma ndi ndalama zomwe amapeza kusiyana ndi akazi, omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusamalira ana (Czymara et al., 2021).

Kumbali inayi, ndizotheka kuti abambo amafotokoza zakugonana kwawo momasuka, chifukwa izi zimayembekezeredwa mwamwambo kwa amuna, kutanthauza "kugonana kawiri kawiri" (Carpenter, Janssen, Graham, Vorst, & Wicherts, 2008). Pamene tikugwiritsabe ntchito mafunso omwewo komanso ziwerengero zodulidwa za amuna ndi akazi, ndizotheka kuti miyeso yaposachedwa imapangitsa kuti SC ikhale yochepa kwa amayi (yerekezerani ndi Kürbitz & Briken, 2021). Zochepa zomwe zimadziwika pazachilengedwe zakusiyana komwe kumawonedwa mu SC. Kusokoneza kwa hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis kunawonetsedwa mwa amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la hypersexual, kuwonetsa kuyankha kupsinjika (Chatzittofis et al., 2015). Mu kafukufuku wina, palibe ma testosterone apamwamba a plasma omwe adapezeka mwa amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la hypersexual, poyerekeza ndi amuna athanzi (Chatzittofis et al., 2020). Komabe, njira zachilengedwe zomwe zimayambitsa kusiyana kwa kugonana mu SC sizinawonetsedwebe mokwanira.

Mu phunziro lathu, zaka zazing'ono zinkagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa SC kuchokera ku T0 kupita ku T1. Monga Lehmiller et al. (2021) adapeza kuti makamaka anthu achichepere komanso opsinjika kwambiri omwe amakhala okha amakulitsa mbiri yawo yogonana, izi zitha kufotokozera kusiyana kwa zitsanzo zathu ndi zofatsa za SC. Monga anthu pachitsanzo chathu anali aang'ono (nthawi yayitali = 32.0, SD = 10.0), akanatha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawiyi kuyesa kugonana ndipo motero amafotokoza zambiri zokhudza kugonana ndi malingaliro.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, kukhala ndi malo othawirako kudalumikizidwa ndi SC yochepa. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kugonana kwawekha kukhala njira yodzibisira yokha. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe sanathe kubwerera, atha kukhala ndi chidwi chofuna kutero, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti SC ikhale yokwera. Kulephera kuchoka kwa anthu ena kungakhalenso kupsinjika maganizo, motero kumapangitsa kuti anthu awa azikhala ndi nkhawa zambiri.

Zotsatira zaposachedwa sizinawonetse mgwirizano wofuna kutengeka, kuyanjana kwa kufunafuna kukhudzika ndi jenda kapena kuyanjana kofanana ndi kufuna kukhudzidwa ndi SC, ngakhale kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu adawonetsa mayanjano pakati pa kufunafuna kukhudzidwa ndi SC mwa akazi (Reid, 2012).

Magwero azandalama

Kafukufukuyu sanalandire ndalama zopezeka kunja.

Zopereka za olemba

Lingaliro lophunzirira ndi kapangidwe: JS, DS, WS, PB; kupeza deta: WS, JS, DS; kusanthula ndi kutanthauzira deta: CW, JS, LK; kuyang'anira maphunziro PB, JS; kulemba zolemba pamanja: LK, CW, JS. Olemba onse anali ndi mwayi wokwanira wa deta yonse mu phunziroli ndipo amatenga udindo wa kukhulupirika kwa deta ndi kulondola kwa kusanthula deta.

Kusamvana kwa chidwi

Olembawo amanena kuti palibe kutsutsana kwa chidwi.