Comments: YBOP imasankha kuti isalowe mgulu la zokambirana za kugwiriridwa ndi zolaula. Komabe, ndizokhumudwitsa kuti maphwando ena amati kuchepa kwa inanena kugwiriridwa mzaka zapitazi za 3 kumatanthauza kuti kupezeka kwa zolaula ndiye komwe kumayambitsa. Kodi pali amene wazindikira kuti kugwiriridwa kunafikiratu nthawi yomwe ana akhanda anali azaka zapakati pa 15 ndi 30? Kapena kuti anthu akalamba msinkhu ndi amuna azaka zapakati pa 60-XNUMX kukhala ocheperako pamtundu wa anthu? Iwalani zonse zomwe "kulumikizana sikofanana ndi zopanda pake", ndipo werengani lipoti la masamba XNUMX lonena kuti mitengo yogwiririra sinakane.
Corey Rayburn Yung
Kunivesite ya Kansas School of Law
March 4, 2014
Iowa Law Review, Vol. 99, No. 1197, 2014
Mfundo:
Kwa zaka makumi awiri zapitazi, m'madipatimenti ambiri apolisi kuchuluka kwawo kunanena kuti kugwiriridwa kumachepetsa "pepala" pochepetsa umbanda. Ofufuza pa atolankhani ku Baltimore, New Orleans, Philadelphia, ndi St. Mizinda yomwe ili pansi pamadzi idagwiritsa ntchito njira zitatu zovuta kuzindikira kuti zichotsere madandaulo ogwiriridwa: kutchula madandaulo ngati "opanda chifukwa" popanda kufufuza pang'ono kapena ayi; kugawa chochitika ngati cholakwa chaching'ono; Kafukufukuyu akuwunikira momwe mchitidwe woperekera ndalama kugwiririra wafalikira m'madipatimenti apolisi mdziko lonselo. Chifukwa kuzindikira chinyengo ndi zolakwika ndiye ntchito yosiyanitsa mitundu yazachilendo kwambiri, ndimagwiritsa ntchito njira zowerengera kunja kuti ndidziwe madera omwe ali ndi zolakwika zazikulu mumadongosolo awo. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi kuti ndidziwe ngati ma municipalities ena adalephera kupereka lipoti lenileni la madandaulo ogwiriridwa, ndapeza kuti ziwopsezo zakugwiriridwa ndi maofesi apolisi mdziko lonselo. Zotsatirazo zikuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi 22% mwa 210 omwe adafufuza m'madipatimenti apolisi omwe amayang'anira anthu osachepera 100,000 ali ndi zolakwika zingapo pamanambala awo ogwiririra omwe akuwonetsa kutsika kwakukulu kuchokera ku 1995 mpaka 2012. Makamaka, kuchuluka kwa madera omwe adakwanitsa kuchuluka kwakula ndi 61% pazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zomwe adaphunzira.
Kukhazikitsa zidziwitso kuti achotse apolisi akucheperachepera poika kuchuluka kwa anthu ophedwa, kafukufukuyu akuyerekeza kuti madandaulo a 796,213 mpaka 1,145,309 akuchimwira kwa akazi omwe akuchitiridwa nkhanza kuzimiririka kuzinthu zonse zomwe zidalembedwa ku 1995 mpaka 2012. Kupitilira apo, zowerengeka zomwe zikuwonetsedwaku zikuwonetsa kuti nthawi yowerengera imaphatikizapo khumi ndi asanu ndi anayi mpaka asanu ndi atatu pamitengo yayikulu kwambiri yakugwiriridwa kuyambira pakutsatira deta kudayamba ku 1930. M'malo mokumana ndi "kugwa kwakukulu" kugwiriridwa, America ili pakati pamavuto obisika. Kuwonjezera apo, njira zomwe zimabisa madandaulo operekera chigwirizano zimagwiritsa ntchito milanduyi kuti apolisi azichita kafufuzidwe pang'ono kapena ayi. Chifukwa chake, apolisi amasiya opandukira kwambiri, omwe amachititsa ambirimbiri achigwirizano, omasuka kupha anthu ambiri. Malinga ndi zomwe apeza pa phunziro lino, maboma m'madera onse ayenera kulimbitsa zoyesayesa kuthana ndi chiwawa chokhudzana ndi kugonana komanso boma la federal liyenera kuyang'anitsitsa njira yofotokozera milandu kuti izi zitheke.
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Keywords: Kubwezeredwa, Uphungu Wachimodzi Mauthenga, Zowerengera, Chiwawa
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