International Journal of Offender Therapy ndi Criminology Yophatikiza (2018): 0306624X18794135.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X18794135
ZOKHUDZA
Kafukufukuyu adafufuza kusinthaku kwa nthawi yayitali pazochita za ogula zodetsa ana (CSEM). Kufikira izi, zithunzi ndi metadata zidachotsedwa pamayendedwe ovuta a 40 omwe adaweruzidwa kuti ali ndi zolaula za ana ndikuwunika. Zitsanzo za zithunzi izi (N = 61,244) anali m'gulu la anthu omwe awonetsedwa ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito sikelo ya Combating Pedophile Information Networks ku Europe (COPINE) molingana ndi zovuta zomwe zikuwonetsedwa. Ntchito yosonkhanitsa inawonedwa kutsatira njira zinayi. TMachitidwe omwe adalankhulidwa kwambiri anali kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono mu msika wa munthu yemwe akuwonetsedwa komanso kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa zovuta zakugonana.. Poona zotsatira, tikupereka malongosoledwe anayi amkhalidwe, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yosonkhetsa zolaula za ana.
Kuchokera pamapepala athunthu
Kafukufuku yemwe amafanizira ogula achikulire a CSEM ndi amuna achikulire omwe amachitirana zachiwerewere akuti omwe anali achichepere, pafupipafupi muukwati, ophunzira kwambiri, anzeru kwambiri, komanso osowa ntchito (Babchishin, Hanson, & Hermann, 2011 ; Babchishin, Hanson, & VanZuylen, 2015). Kuphatikiza apo, ogwiritsa ntchito a CSEM amakhala ndi mavuto ochepa azaumoyo komanso osokoneza bongo. Kuphatikiza apo, adanenanso kuti anali ndi zovuta zochepa paubwana wawo ndipo adachita zolakwa zochepa. Mwambiri, ogwiritsa ntchito a CSEM akuwoneka kuti ali ndi zovuta zambiri pakumachita zachiwerewere kuposa olakwira omwe ali mmanja; Amakonda kukhala ndi zizolowezi zosakonda kucheza ndi anzawo komanso kudziletsa (Babchishin et al., 2015). Kumvetsetsa bwino mikhalidwe ya omwe amatolera CSEM ndikofunikira popeza tsopano ali ndi gawo lalikulu lazomwe akatswiri omwe amachita ndi omwe amachita zogonana (Middleton, Mandeville-Norden, & Hayes, 2009).
-----
Kubwezeretsa Mzere wa Kuzungulira
37.5% ya zophatikiza zowonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa zaka zonse ndi kuchuluka kwa COPINE [zovuta]: Ana omwe akuwonetsedwa adakula, machitidwewo adakulirakulira. Mu milandu ya 22.5%, zopereka zinaonetsa njira yolakwika.
-----
Achinyamata Achinyamata
The Achinyamata Achinyamata dongosolo limafotokozedwa mwachitsanzo… kuwonjezeka kwa COPINE [kuzunzika] komanso mu zaka zamaphunziro…. Mtunduwu udalipo mu 20%.
-----
Mnyamata / Msungwana-Wachikondi
Chitsanzo ... chikuyimira 20% yachitsanzo…. Izi zitha kuonetsera kusamukira ku zolaula zotsogola kwambiri zomwe zimawonedwa m'mafoto a omwe amalimbikitsa ubale wachikondi ndi mwana wachikondi
----
Kutulutsa Kotsika
22.5% yachitsanzo chathu ili patsamba ili. [Kukambirana kwatsatanetsatane.] "Ntchito za munthuyu, sizinali zotsogola kapena zoganizira kwambiri ana."
----
Kukambirana
Msinkhu wa maphunziro omwe awonetsedwa pazithunzizi umatsatira kupindika kwa belu: zithunzi zochepa kwambiri za ana aang'ono, chiwerengero chapamwamba pazaka 10, ndikuwongolera mpaka wazaka 17. … Gulu lazaka zotchuka kwambiri linali zaka 6 mpaka 12. … 61% ya anthu anali ndi zokonda zapazaka zokha, ndiye kuti, sanasankhenso zina. … Ngakhale milandu yambiri mkafukufukuyu sinali ya amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, zomwe zinali zogwirizana ndi malipoti ena mderali (Freund & Watson, 1992), ziyenera kudziwika kuti anthu ochepa omwe anali ndi vuto lofuna kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha anali ndi zopereka zomwe pafupifupi wachitatu za zithunzizo zinali za anyamata. Pomaliza, gulu lomwe panali kuwonjezeka kwa kuuma (COPINE ndi zaka) zazithunzizo linali gulu lalikulu kwambiri.
-----
Kulongosola kwachiwirinso komwe kumakhudzana ndi kufotokozera kwa chidwi chakugonana ndikuti osonkhanitsa amakhala ndi zolaula, zomwe ndizofanana ndi mawonekedwe a 1, 2, ndi 3 pazomwe zaphunziridwa pano. Akuti kuwonera zolaula kumabweretsa vuto, zomwe zimapangitsa ogula zolaula kuti apeze zatsopano zomwe ndi zowopsa…. Chifukwa chake, kuti asunge madigirii azisangalalo zogonana, okhonza zolaula za ana amatha kuthamangitsidwa kuti akafufuze mibadwo ina ndi zochitika zogonana.
----
Panthawi yochita zolaula, osonkhanitsa a CSEM ali ndi mwayi wofufuza zachiwerewere zochulukirapo kuposa olakwa omwe ali pachiwopsezo, omwe amalephera chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa omwe akuzunzidwa. Mapeto ake, angalimbikitsidwe kufunafuna zinthu zatsopano zosaloledwa kuti akwaniritse malingaliro awo achiwerewere. Izi zikugwirizana ndi Babchishin et al.'s (2015) meta-analysis, zomwe zimawonetsa kuti olakwira pa intaneti ali ndi zokonda kwambiri zokhudzana ndi kugonana kuposa omwe amakhala osalakwa pa intaneti.
----
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti zopereka zolaula za ana zimaphatikizanso zolaula.
-----
[Kuwunikira kwa zopeza za ana zolaula] Choyamba, mosiyana ndi mafunso kapena mafunso azachipatala, njirayi ili ndi zovuta kapena zokhudzana ndi kuyesayesa kwa anthu kuti adziwonetsere okha momwe angathere. Chachiwiri, njirayi siyotengera miyambo ya thupi yomwe imatha kuwongoleredwa ndi maphunziro (mwachitsanzo, phallometry
;