Ma Media Online, Kukhutira Thupi, ndi Zolinga Zogwirizana ndi Amuna Amuna Amuna Ogonana ndi Amuna: Phunziro Loyenerera (2017)

Kugonana pogonana. Zolemba zolemba; ilipo mu PMC 2017 Oct 2.

Kugonana pogonana. 2017 Sep; 14 (3): 270-274.

Idasindikizidwa pa intaneti 2016 Jul 28. do:  10.1007/s13178-016-0248-7

PMCID: PMC5624736

NIHMSID: NIHMS824032

Emily Leickly,wolemba wofanana1 Kimberly Nelson,1,2 ndi Jane Simon1

Kudalirika

Kafukufuku wamakono wapita kufufuzira mphamvu yowonongeka ya mafilimu opatsirana pogonana (SEOM) pa kukhutira kwa thupi ndi kuyembekezera kwa amuna omwe agonana ndi amuna (MSM). Kuyankhulana kwapadera kwapadera kunayendetsedwa ndi 16 MSM, ponena za mphamvu yodziwika ya SEOM-yapadera SEOM. Amuna asanu ndi anayi onse omwe adakambirana nkhani zokhutira ndi thupi komanso zoyembekezera zomwe amakhulupirira zimasonyeza kuti SEOM yeniyeni ya MSM imapanga maonekedwe awo enieni komanso / kapena anzawo omwe angakhale nawo. Ngakhale SEOM yeniyeni yeniyeni ya MSM ingawononge kwambiri kukhutira kwa thupi ndi ziyembekezo za mnzanu pakati pa MSM, chiwerengero chake chikhoza kukhala chida chothandizira kuthandizira thupi.

Keywords: MSM, kukhutira Mthupi, Zoyembekeza za oyanjana, Zochepa za kugonana, Zogonana pa Intaneti, Zithunzi zolaula

Amuna ambiri omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndi amuna ena omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM) amadya mauthenga okhudza zolaula pa Intaneti pafupipafupi (SEOM), ndi chiwerengero cha 98-99% (Duggan ndi McCreary 2004; Rosser et al. 2013; Stein, et al. 2012). SEOM yeniyeni yeniyeni ya MSM imagogomezera kwambiri thupi lamwamuna kusiyana ndi mitundu ina ya SEOM (Duggan ndi McCreary 2004). Mu phunziro loyenerera pakati pa MSM ndi Morrison (2004), ozokambiranawo anafotokoza thupi loyenera lomwe likuimiridwa ndi SEOM yeniyeni yeniyeni ya MSM monga "mphukira," "utoto," "minofu," ndi "wopanda tsitsi," popanda "ngakhale mafuta ochepa" (p. 172). Pomwe zimaperekedwa ndi thupi lokhazikitsidwa, n'zotheka kuti MSM inazipeza kuti ikusowa: Kawirikawiri, kafukufuku apeza kuti MSM ndikusakhutira kwambiri kwa thupi (kumatanthauzidwa ngati kusayesa kwa thupi kapena maonekedwe; Cash 2002), manyazi, ndi kuyang'anitsitsa kuposa amuna amtundu uliwonse (Martins, Tiggemann, ndi Kirkbride 2007). MSM amakhulupiriranso kuti maonekedwe awo ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa anthu kuposa amuna omwe amachitira amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (Yelland ndi Tiggemann 2003). Kuwonjezera pa kugwiritsira ntchito ziyembekezo zosayembekezereka za thupi, MSM ingagwiritsenso ntchito ziyembekezozi kwa abwenzi awo. Zolingalira za thupi lanu ndi thupi la mnzanuyo zimagwirizanitsidwa mwapadera pa SEOM-enieni a SEOM pomwe MSM onse ndi ogula komanso nkhani ya ma TV.

Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wochuluka amachititsa chidwi cha SEOM pa zoyembekezerana pakati pa azimayi a MSM, mabuku ena awona momwe mauthenga amtunduwu angakhudzire zoyembekezera za amuna ndi akazi omwe ali okondweretsa akazi. Mwachitsanzo, Zurbriggen, Ramsey, ndi Jaworski (2011) anapeza kuti, pakati pa amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kugwiritsira ntchito zofalitsa zamagetsi kunali kovomerezana bwino ndi wokondedwa wawo, zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ndi chiyanjano chochepa komanso kugonana kwabwino. Poganizira zochitika za SEOM zenizeni za MSM ndi zovuta za thupi la mwamuna (Duggan ndi McCreary 2004), MSM ikhoza kupanga zoyembekezera zomwe abwenzi awo aziwoneka ngati zochokera kwa amuna mu SEOM-zinazake za SEOM ndipo pangakhale zowonjezereka kuti azitsatira anzawo. Kulephera kupeza wokwatirana yemwe ali ndi chikhalidwe choyenera chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi SEOM-yeniyeni ya SEOM akhoza kusiya MSM ena osagwirizana, omwe apezeka kuti akugwirizana ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana za thanzi la maganizo, kuphatikizapo kuvutika maganizo (Pereira, Nardi, ndi Silva 2013).

Zomwe zingatheke kuti SEOM yeniyeni ya MSM ikhale yotsutsana kwambiri ndi thupi komanso zokhudzana ndi zibwenzi pakati pa MSM zakhala zosadziwika. Poganizira za kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha SEOM m'maderawa komanso momwe akudziŵira pang'ono za zotsatira zake, kuvutika kwa kafukufuku m'dera lino kuli kovuta. Mu phunziro loyambali, timayang'ana malingaliro a MSM a maubwenzi pakati pa MSM-enieni SEOM mowa, kukhutira thupi, ndi ziyembekezo za mnzanu.

njira

Mafunso Oyenerera

Zozama, zoyankhulana bwino zinayendetsedwa ndi wolemba wachiwiri ndi 16 MSM mumzinda wawukulu ku Pacific Northwest monga gawo la kuphunzira kwakukulu pa ntchito ya SEOM ndi kufunafuna mnzanu pa intaneti (Nelson et al. 2014b). Phunziroli linavomerezedwa ndi Bungwe Loyang'anira Bungwe la Yunivesite komwe kafukufukuyu anachitidwa. Ophunzira adatumizidwanso kudzera m'mabuku a ma imelo a MSM, ma Facebook, ndi mapulogalamu m'madera omwe ali m'midzi yayikuru. Zolinga zoyenera ndizo zotsatirazi: (1) kudzidzidzimutsa ngati mwamuna; (2) kukhala osachepera zaka 18; (3) kugonana ndi mwamuna chaka chatha; (4) okhala ndi intaneti; (5) kupezeka pa webusaiti yofunafuna abambo pa intaneti chaka chatha; ndi (6) akudya SEOM chaka chatha. Kuyanjana ndi abwenzi pa intaneti kunali ndondomeko yowonjezera chifukwa chafukufuku wafukufuku wopitilira maphunziro omwe akuyendetsedwa bwino.

Mafunsowo adatha pafupifupi 60 min, anachitidwa ku ofesi yapadera, ndipo analembedwanso. Ophunzira adalandira $ 20 pa nthawi yawo. Ophunzira adadziwitsidwa kuti zoyankhulanazo zidzakambidwa nkhani zokhudzana ndi zomwe akumana nazo ndi SEOM ndi ofunafuna intaneti. Mafunsowo anachitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yoyenera ndi mafunso ndi mapulogalamu osatsegula. Mndandanda wa zoyankhulana unatsatira mzere wa njira zamakhalidwe zomwe zimalola malingaliro omwe alipo kale, malingaliro, ndi zofufuza kuti adziwe zigawo zikuluzikulu za kuyankhulana, mmalo mokhala ndi kusonkhanitsa deta ndi chiphunzitso chokhacho chochokera ku zokambirana (Glaser ndi Strauss 1967; Strauss ndi Corbin 1994). Midzi yeniyeni ya kufufuza idaphatikizapo makhalidwe omwe akufunafuna anzawo, machitidwe a SEOM, ndi mphamvu yomwe amazindikira ya SEOM kwa omwe akugwira nawo ntchito ndi ena a MSM m'deralo. Mapulogalamu enieni amatsutsa mphamvu ya SEOM pa makhalidwe achiwerewere, moyo wamakhalidwe abwino, kuthekera kukomana ndi amuna, ndi kudzidzimva kukhala ofunika. Kuyankhulana konse kunali kutanthauzira kolembedwa ndi wolemba woyamba ndikuyang'ananso molondola ndi wolemba wachiwiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wophatikizapo nthawi zonse (Miles ndi Huberman 1994), olemba awiri oyambirira adasanthula zolemba zonse kuti azindikire zomangika, zochitika zowonjezereka, zowonjezera, ndi zoperewera zomwe ophunzirawo amapereka. Buku lolembera linakonzedwanso mwatsatanetsatane pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chomwe chinachokera ku zolembazo, kufotokozera nkhani ndi ziganizo, pamodzi ndi zizindikiro zomwe ziyenera kufotokoza mitu. Kuyankhulanako kunalembedwa ndi wolemba woyamba ku ATLAS.ti 5.2 (ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH) ndipo amawerengedwa nthawi zonse ndi wolemba wachiwiri. Kulemba makalata kunatsatira njira yowonjezereka, kuti deta kuchokera ku zokambirana zinagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwitsa kulembedwa kwa zoyankhulana. Wolemba woyamba adzabweranso ku zokambirana zoyambirira ndikuzilemba ngati n'kofunikira. Mafunso okhudzana ndi zidziwitso zomwe zingakhale zosiyana ndi zomwe zingathe kusokonezeka zinayambitsidwa pamisonkhano nthawi zonse pakati pa olemba oyambirira ndi achiwiri. Pambuyo paziwerengero zonse zokhudzana ndi zolembera, adayambanso kulembera mavesi omwe ali nawo. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetseranso kusanthula deta yachiwiri pokhudzana ndi mitu ya kukhutira kwa thupi ndi zoyembekeza zomwe zimayambitsa pakati pa gawo lofunsana mafunso akuyang'anitsitsa chikoka chodziwika cha SEOM-yapadera SEOM. Mafotokozedwe osankhidwawa akuphatikizidwa kuti afotokoze mfundo zazikulu.

ophunzira

Otsatira a 16 anali ndi zaka zochepa zaka 42 (range = 24-73; SD = 3.14). Anthu khumi ndi awiri anali amwenye a ku Caucasus, asanu ndi atatu omwe anali ndi ndalama zapakhomo pachaka ndalama zoposa $ 30,000, 11 anali ndi digiri ya anzake (pafupifupi zaka 14 za maphunziro) kapena maphunziro apamwamba, 12 odziwika kuti ndi amuna okhaokha, 14 sanakhale naye pachibwenzi , ndipo awiri adanena kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Ngakhale kuti otsogolera onse a 16 adanena kuti akugwiritsa ntchito SEOM chaka chatha panthawi ya kufufuza, 12 inadzipereka podziwa momwe nthawi zambiri ntchito ya SEOM ikuyendera panthawi yolankhulirana. Kuchokera mu 12 izi, zisanu ndi ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, zitatu zimayang'ana SEOM 2-5 masiku pa sabata, ndipo ina yowonetsera SEOM kawiri pachaka.

Results

Ophunzira akamapemphedwa momwe akumvera SEOM yeniyeni ya MSM amawakhudza, zigawo ziwiri zofunika: (1) zowononga zotsatira zokhutiritsa thupi ndi (2) zomwe zimayembekezeka zokhuzana ndi omwe angakhale nawo. Mitu imeneyi inabweretsedwa mwa zokambirana ndi anthu asanu ndi anayi omwe sanafunsidwe ndipo sanaleredwe ndi anthu asanu ndi awiriwo. Pakati pa amuna asanu ndi anayi, asanu ndi awiri, asanu ndi awiri amatsutsa zovuta zawo poyerekezera thupi lawo ndi iwo omwe ali mu SEOM, kumva kuti SEOM imakhala yovuta kupeza chiyembekezo chowonekera. Amuna ena amawayerekeza mwachindunji matupi awo ndi amuna a SEOM, akuganiza kuti kudziyerekezera kotereku kunachepetsa kudzimva kwawo:

O, izo zimachepetsa kwathunthu [kudzimverera kwanga]. Chifukwa sindikuwoneka ngati wina wa anyamatawa omwe ndimakopeka nawo. (American Caucasian, 42 yo [zaka zakubadwa])

Ngati ndikupeza zolaula kuti ndi anyamata kuti ndiganizire achinyamata owona, ndimakonda, ndimamva ngati ndikukonda. Koma ngati ndi zolaula pomwe ndikudutsamo, izo zonse zidzakhala ngati paketi sikisi abs, ndipo iwo alibe tsitsi ... Ndili ngati, o mulungu wanga. Kumbali imodzi izi ndizokhumudwitsa, komano izo ziri ngati zomwe ndikufuna kuti ndiziwoneka. (American Caucasian, 29 yo)

Ndikudziwa ndithu kuti sindikuwoneka ngati anyamata olaula. Ndipo ngakhale anyamata ambiri omwe amabwera mumsewu. Iwo onse ndi otupa kwambiri kuposa ine. (Latino American, 24 yo)

Ndikudziwa kuti zolaula, kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri, zakhala zikupangidwira zojambula zambiri zoipa. Chifukwa chakuti sindiri wothandizira, sindiri wooneka bwino kwambiri, ndipo sindikudziwa ngati mwazindikira, koma aliyense woonera zolaula amawoneka bwino. (American Caucasian, 44 yo)

Ophunzira ena anafotokoza MSM kufananitsa matupi awo ndi amuna ku SEOM monga chochitika chachikulu ndi zotsatira zolakwika pa MSM zina:

Mukuyenera kuzindikira kuti ndi dziko lopanda pake ndipo simudzasungunula. Sizowoneka mwaumunthu. Kotero ngati iwo sangathe kusiyanitsa izo ndiye sizikanakhala zabwino kuti iwo azidziyesa okha. (American Caucasian, 52 yo)

Poyambirira, ndikuganiza, chimodzi mwa zovuta zomwe ndikuganiza kuti zolaula zinkasokoneza aliyense, mwina kukula kwa mbolo, kapena maonekedwe ake, kapena chirichonse. Matupi awo okha. (American Caucasian, 47 yo)

Ndimaganiza kuti anyamata omwe amaganiza kuti ayenera kukhala ndi matupi abwino amayang'ana zolaula, ndipo amawona zabwino zoyenera. Kapena, ambiri a anyamata omwe amaonera zolaula amakhala ndi makola akuluakulu. Kotero, ndikuganiza mwanjira zina zimatipangitsa kukhala osatetezeka ngati tili ochepa kwambiri. (American Caucasian, 42 yo)

Amuna asanu mwa asanu ndi anayi omwe anakambirana nkhaniyi anafotokoza kuti SEOM ikulingalira kuti anthu omwe ali nawo angakhale okongola kwambiri. Ena mwa anthu omwe adalankhula nawo mwachindunji kufunafuna abwenzi omwe amawoneka ngati amuna mu SEOM amawadya, poganiza kuti SEOM inapatsa iwo lingaliro lolakwika la amuna omwe amawoneka ngati awa:

Chifukwa ndakhala ndi nthawi yochuluka ndikuyesera kukopa amuna achichepere ndi okongola, monga momwe ndikuonera zolaula zomwe ndakhala ndikuziwona kwa zaka zambiri. Ndipo ndazindikira kuti pamene ndikuyang'ana munthu nthawi zonse amakhala ngati munthu wamng'ono komanso wokongola kwambiri. (American Caucasian, 44 yo)

Ngati mukuyang'anitsitsa zaka zosangalatsa zokwanira makumi khumi, pamene wina yemwe alibe 10 wangwiro akutsata. Chifukwa iwo sali chinthu chomwe ine nthawizonse ndimayang'anapo. Ndipo kwenikweni ndakhala ndi vuto ndi izi. (American Caucasian, 42 yo)

Ndikutanthauza, izo zimakhudza [miyezo ya mnzanga] pang'ono momwe inu mumakhalira "chabwino, ndiye munthu wotentha kwambiri, ndizo zomwe ndikufuna. Ndikufuna kupeza wina yemwe amawoneka ngati choncho, kapena amamangidwa monga choncho. "(Caucasian American, 42 yo)

Ndikuganiza kuti zina [zolaula] zimandipatsa maganizo olakwika pa zomwe anthu enieni amawoneka. Chifukwa anthu oonera zolaula, makamaka zithunzi zolaula, ndi anyamata omwe amawoneka bwino kwambiri ndipo amachita zambiri. Izi si zachilendo monga momwe anthu angafune kuti zikhale. Kotero zikukupatsani inu chiyembekezo chonyenga kuti mukupeza wina, makamaka, amene amawoneka ngati abwino nthawi zonse. (Latino American, 29 yo)

Wophunzira wina adalongosola kuyang'ana okondedwa omwe amakondana kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito ma SEOM monga momwe ma MSM ena amachitira:

Ndikuganiza kuti anthu amafuna nyenyezi [zozizwitsa] zolaula ... ndipo anthu ambiri sangathe, sangathe kupeza aliyense. Simukuwoneka ngati nyenyezi zolaula, mukudziwa. (Black / African American, 35 yo)

Kukambirana

Kuphunzira koyambirira koyambirira kukuwunikira malingaliro a MSM pa njira zomwe MSM-SEOM yapadera imakhudzira thupi la MSM kukhutira ndi zomwe akuyembekezera. Mu phunziroli, ophunzirawo akunena kuti kukhalapo kwa amuna okongola kwambiri mu SEOM-mwachinsinsi wa SEOM kumapangitsa kuti MSM ena amve kuti ndi osatetezeka komanso sakukwanira pa maonekedwe awo. Kuwonjezera apo, ophunzira adanena kuti ziyembekezo zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi SEOM zokhudzana ndi momwe azimayi ayenera kuwonetsera zimapangitsa kuti MSM inavutike kupeza wokondedwa yemwe amatsatira zoyembekezera za MSOM zomwe zimakhalapo.

Ngakhale pepalali likufotokoza momwe MSM angaganizire za zotsatira zina zoipa za MSOM-SEOM yeniyeni yeniyeni pa kukhutira kwa thupi la MSM ndi kuyembekezera kwa mnzanu, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti SEOM akugwiritsa ntchito ndi zotsatira zambiri, kuphatikizapo kuthandiza MSM kuwonjezera chidziwitso chawo kugonana pakati pa amuna (Hald, Smolenski, ndi Rosser 2013; Kubicek, Carpineto, McDavitt, Weiss, ndi Kipke 2011; Nelson et al. 2014); kukhala omasuka kwambiri ndi kugonana kwawo (Nelson et al. 2014a); funani mabwenzi ndi ogonana nawo (Kubicek et al. 2011); ndipo akhoza kutsimikizira zokopa ndikupanga malo (Hald et al. 2013). Zitha kukhala zotheka kuika patsogolo zotsatirazi pamene mukuyesera kuchepetsa zotsatira zotsutsa za SEOM zokhudzana ndi SEOM pa kukhutira thupi ndi ziyembekezo za mnzanu.

Mphamvu yakugonjera zofukufuku zapamwamba zimapangitsa kuti pakhale phunziro loperewera pa phunziroli, momwe kuthekera kwina kungakhaleko panthawi yofunsira mafunso ndi njira zolembera. Kusunga mosamalitsa kuyankhulana kwapadera pazokambirana ndi dongosolo la mafunso kungakhale kovuta. Ophunzirawo analoledwa kufotokoza zokhazokha za kukhutira kwa thupi ndi ziyembekezo za mnzanu; iwo sanatchulidwe momveka pa izi. Choncho, maganizo a ophunzira omwe sanafotokoze nkhanizi panthawi ya zokambirana zawo sadziwika. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kuyankhulana payekha ndi wofunsayo pakusonkhanitsa deta kungakhudze mayankho a wofunsayo. Generalizability ndilopereŵera, kupatsidwa chitsanzo cha Caucasus, m'tauni, ndi yophunzitsidwa. Zotsatirazi, ndiye, zikuyimira zochitika zoyambirira za nkhani zokhudzana ndi kusamwa kwa SEOM ndipo sizikhoza kuchitika kwa onse MSM.

Ngakhale zofooka izi, ndipo ngakhale kuti phunziroli liri loyambirira mu chilengedwe, ilo limapangitsa kuti pakhale ndondomeko yowonjezera. Popeza SEOM-yeniyeni yeniyeni ya SEOM imadziwika ngati yowoneka mumtundu wa MSM (Rosser et al. 2013), ndipo zimaganiziridwa kuti MSM ambiri achinyamata amagwiritsa ntchito ngati chida chophunzitsira (Kubicek et al. 2011), SEOM ikhoza kukhala galimoto yoyenera yomwe ingasonyeze ndikuthandizira thupi positivity. Ngakhale kulimbikitsidwa kwa MSM kuti nkhani zolaula ndi malo ovomerezeka a maphunziro a kugonana ndi mauthenga oletsa kachilombo ka HIV omwe akuwongolera MSM (Wilkerson, Iantaffi, Smolenski, Horvath, ndi Rosser 2013), sitikudziwa kuti kafukufuku aliyense akufufuza chithunzithunzi ngati danga kupereka mauthenga akulimbikitsa kukhutira thupi ndi zoyembekeza zowonongeka ndi abambo powonetsa amuna omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya thupi ngati yokongola ndi yofunikanso. Kufufuza koteroko kungathandize kudziwitsa malamulo omwe angakhale nawo pa makampani ena a SEM omwe angayambe kuonjezera mautundumitundu osiyanasiyana omwe akufalitsidwa ndi mauthenga komanso ngakhale omwe angakhale nawo mauthenga abwino.

Zomwe sizingatheke kuti malonda a SEOM omwe adzalumikizidwa ndi MSM adzalandila kuyanjana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya thupi ndi mauthenga omwe alibe thupi popanda kuponderezedwa kochokera kunja kwa magulu a ndondomeko, njira yowonjezera ikhoza kuthandiza MSM kukhala ogwiritsa ntchito bwino a MSM- SEOM yapadera. Mapulogalamu othandizira kuŵerenga ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zokhudzana ndi kugonana amasonyezedwa kuti amakhudza kwambiri kugonana ndi khalidwe loyankhulana pakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (Pinkleton, Austin, Chen, ndi Cohen 2013; Scull, Malik, ndi Kupersmidt 2014); Njirazi zikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kapena kusintha kwa MSM kuti ikhale ndi SEOM yeniyeni ya SEOM. Mapulogalamu othandizira kuŵerenga ndi kulemba zokhudzana ndi SEOM angaphunzitse MSM za mphamvu ya mafilimu kuti apange malamulo, kufufuza zolinga ndi zosasangalatsa za opanga mafilimu, ndikukonzekeretsa MSM kuti ayesetse bwino mauthenga omwe ali ndi SEOM yeniyeni ya MSM mogwirizana ndi zomwe amakhulupirira komanso zomwe amakhulupirira. .

Kulemba kulemba ndi kuwerenga nkhani kungakhale kothandiza kwambiri kwa MSM pamene waperekedwa mogwirizana ndi zipangizo zamaganizo (Nelson ndi Carey 2016), kaya muzinthu zofalitsa zachipatala zomwe zimafalitsidwa kwambiri (CDC 2016; Snyder et al. 2004), kapena payekha payekha palimodzi ndi uphungu kapena ntchito zamtunduwu (Scull, et al. 2014). Munthu wina yemwe ali ndi zofunikira zowonjezera kuwerenga ndi kuwerenga zimaphatikizapo kuyeserera kachitidwe ka SEOM kawomwe akupezeka (mwachitsanzo, maonekedwe a SEOM-enieni a SEOM omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito). Malingaliro awa, njira yopezera kuwerenga kwa SEOM yolemba za MSM yofanana ndi momwe munthu angayambe kukhalira.

Kufikira ndi kuvomerezedwa kwa SEOM yeniyeni ya MSOM mumudzi wa MSM kungathandize pakufalitsa mauthenga a thupi, kupangitsa SEOM njira yoyenera kufufuza kuti athandizidwe. Kusindikiza kulembalase kungakhalenso chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pofuna kuchepetsa zotsatira zowonongeka za SEOM-SEOM yeniyeni yokhudzana ndi kukhutira thupi ndi zoyembekeza za mnzanu. Zotsatira zamtsogolo ziyenera kufufuza omwe angakhale nawo pakati pa mabungwe omwe ali pakati pa SEOM, kukhutira thupi, ndi maukwati omwe amadziwika ndi MSM mu phunziro lino kuti apitirize kudziwa za nkhaniyo ndi kubwereketsa chithandizo chotsatira pa kafukufuku ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito za umoyo. Pamene kafukufukuyu akadali pachiyambi, kafukufuku wamtsogolo adzafunika kuwonetsa kuthekera ndi kuvomerezeka kwa kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya thupi mu SEOM yeniyeni ya MSOM, komanso maphunziro a zamasamba okhudzana ndi kuwerenga ndi mauthenga omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pa SEOM yapadera ya MSOM.

Kutsiliza

Kufufuza koyambirira kwa chikhalidwe cha SEOM chodziwika bwino cha MSM kunawonetsa kuti SEOM yeniyeni ya MSM ingakhale ndi zotsatira zowononga kukhutira thupi ndi zoyembekezerana pakati pa MSM. Potsirizira pake, ochita kafukufuku ndi ogwira ntchito zaumoyo angagwiritse ntchito chidziwitso ndi kufika kwa SEOM yeniyeni ya SEOM kuti athandize kulimbikitsa thupi pofalitsa mauthenga kudzera pa SEOM kuti zithandizire kugwirizanitsa thupi ndi kupereka zowonjezereka zomwe akuyembekezera. Izi zikhoza kukhazikitsidwanso ndi zolemba zofalitsa zofalitsa zokhudzana ndi zolemba za MSM. Kafukufuku wowonjezereka owona momwe kuthekera ndi kuvomerezedwa kwa njirazi komanso kuyesa mwatsatanetsatane ku mayanjano omwe angathe kukhalapo ndiwotheka.

Kuvomereza

Tikufuna kuthokoza ophunzira athu komanso ma labiti kuti athandizidwe ndi polojekitiyi. Ntchitoyi inathandizidwa mbali imodzi ndi NIH (F31MH088851, K23MH109346, K24MH093243, P30AI27757). Thandizo lina linaperekedwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Psychology kumene kufufuza kunali kochitika ndi American Psychological Association of Omaliza Maphunziro. Zomwe zili mu bukhuli ndizo udindo wa olemba ndipo sizikuimira mawonedwe ovomerezeka a National Institutes of Health kapena magulu ena othandizira.

ndalama Phunziroli linalipidwa ndi NIH (F31MH088851, K23MH109346, K24MH093243, P30AI27757). Thandizo lina linaperekedwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Psychology kumene kufufuza kunali kochitika ndi American Psychological Association of Omaliza Maphunziro.

Mawu a M'munsi

Kugwirizana ndi Makhalidwe Abwino

Kuvomerezeka kwa Ethical Ndondomeko zonse zomwe zimapangidwa pa maphunziro okhudza anthu omwe adagwira nawo ntchitozo zinali zogwirizana ndi miyezo yoyenera ya komiti ndi / kapena kafukufuku wa dziko komanso ndi chidziwitso cha 1964 Helsinki ndi kusintha kwake kamodzi kapena miyezo ya makhalidwe abwino.

Ufulu wa Anthu ndi Zinyama ndi Chidziwitso Chodziwika Chidziwitso chodziwika chinaperekedwa kwa onse omwe anali nawo mu phunziroli.

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