Hoffmann, Heather, David Goodrich, Molly Wilson, ndi Erick Janssen.
Kugonana & Kukakamira 21, ayi. 2 (2014): 75-91.
Kudalirika
Ngakhale malingaliro angapo alipo pazomwe zimayambitsa kukakamira zogonana, kafukufuku wowerengeka wowunika adasanthula zomwe zimayambira. Kafukufuku waposachedwa adasanthula ngati anthu okonda zachiwerewere amakhala ogonana. Amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM) okhala ndi zochuluka kapena zochepa pa Sculsivity Scale (Kalichman et al., 1994) amaperekedwa ndi fungo lomwe linali (gulu loyesera) kapena sanali (gulu lowongolera) lophatikizidwa ndi kanema wachidule wokonda zolaula tatifupi. Tidayesa zovuta zakukondweretsa poyankha maliseche komanso momwe timakhalira pachiwopsezo. Tidawunikiranso zosintha pakukonda kwamfungo, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomveka bwino, kuti tiwone momwe zinthu zikuyendera. Panali chizoloŵezi cha amuna okakamiza kwambiri kuti awonetse chilakolako chogonana kwambiri komanso kuti azikhala ndi chilakolako chowonjezera kugonana kwa amuna okwera koma osakakamiza. Chithandizo champhamvu kwambiri pamaphunziro azakugonana chidapezeka ndi mayendedwe athu: Amuna okakamira kwambiri adawonetsa kufunitsitsa kuchita zachiwerewere pamaso pazomwe zimachitika. Zotsatira zimanenanso kuti amuna okakamira kwambiri amakhala ndi chidwi chochulukirapo chophatikizira ndi kanema wokonda zolaula. Ponseponse, zomwe apezazi zikuwonetsa kuti njira zodzikongoletsera zimathandizira pakukakamiza kugonana.
ZOPHUNZITSA ZOIPA
Kafukufuku waposachedwa ndi, mwazidziwitso zathu, woyamba kupenda gawo la njira zophunzirira pakukakamizidwa kugonana. Ponseponse, zomwe apezazo zikuwonetsa kuti njira zowongolera zimathandizira pakukakamiza kugonana. Monga m'maphunziro am'mbuyomu ogonana mwa anthu, zotulukapo sizinali zamphamvu koma zinali m'njira yoloseredwa. Pambuyo posiya chizindikiro chotsika kwambiri, tidapeza chochita chowoneka bwino cha amuna okakamiza kuti awonetsere kuchuluka kwamtundu woyipa (kuchirikiza Hypothesis 1) komanso chizolowezi chokhala ndimakhalidwe owonjezera pakukulitsa chidwi chakugonana (kuchitira ngozi) kwambiri kuposa amuna omwe amathandizira Hypothesis 3). Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale umboni wazowunikira sunali wowoneka bwino, zotsatira zathu zikuwonetsa kuti amuna okakamira kwambiri adawonjezeka "kukonda" (koma osafotokoza momveka bwino) zamankhwala ophatikizidwa ndi mafilimu achizolowezi, poyerekeza ndi fungo lomwe lidawonetsedwa pakupanga mawonekedwe wophatikizidwa ndi makanema olaula (thandizo la Hypothesis 2).
Umboni wamphamvu kwambiri wophunzirira zakugonana unapezeka pamkhalidwe (pangozi). Amuna ambiri okakamiza anena zofunitsitsa kuchita zachiwerewere pamaso pa chida changozi chomwe chinali chomangidwa kale ndi chilimbikitso cha kugonana.
Ngakhale izi zitha kukhala zopanda vuto, ndizotheka kuti amuna omwe ali ndi mwayi waukulu pakugonana, ngakhale ali ndi chidwi chogonana, nthawi zambiri amasankha kapena kusankha. Chifukwa chake, kukopeka kwamtundu wina kumatha kukulitsa (zowopsa) kugonana mwa amuna.
Ngakhale ndizoyambirira mwachilengedwe, zomwe zapezeka pakali pano ndizolimbikitsa komanso zimayimira, tikhulupirira, gawo loyamba koma lofunikira kwambiri kuti timvetsetse za gawo lomwe tikuphunzira pakukakamira komanso zogwirizana ndi kugonana. Ngati njira zophunzirira zimathandizira kukhala okakamira, zimakhala ndi tanthauzo lopewa. Kuphatikiza apo, zopezazi zingathe kudziwikitsa chithandizo chamankhwala
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