MAFUNSO: Izi zimapereka umboni wa chiphunzitso chathu cha mavitamini monga momwe tafotokozera m'mavidiyo ndi m'nkhani zathu. Zikuwoneka kuti njira zingapo zingayambitse kudya, ndipo mwinamwake kugonana, koma kupitirira kwachilendo kumabweretsa kusonkhanitsa kwa DeltaFosB ndi kusokoneza ubongo kwa ubongo.
Study Links Insulin Action Pa Ubongo Wopereka Mphoto Kuyendayenda Kuti Uchepetse (2011)
Akatswiri ofufuza nkhani ya June ya Cell Metabolism, buku la Cell Press, ali ndi zomwe akunena ndi zina mwazo choyamba chotsimikizirika kuti insulin imakhudza kwambiri mphoto yoyendayenda ya ubongo. Nkhumba zomwe malo opindula sangathe kuchitapo kanthu ku insulini kudya kwambiri ndikukhala ochepa, amasonyeza.
Zomwe anapeza zikusonyeza kuti kusakanikirana kwa insulini kungathandize kufotokoza chifukwa chake omwe ali ovuta kwambiri amavutika kuti athe kulimbana ndi chiyeso cha chakudya ndikuchotsa zolemerazo.
“Ukakhala wonenepa kwambiri kapena wolimba mphamvu, mphamvu ya insulini yolimbana [ndi malo opangira mphotho ya ubongo] imatha kuyambitsa mavuto ambiri,” anati Jens Brüning wa Max Planck Institute for Research Neurological. "Palibe umboni kuti ichi ndiye chiyambi cha njira yopita kunenepa kwambiri, koma itha kukhala yofunikira pakuthandizira kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuvutikira komwe tili nako polimbana nako."
Kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu adafotokoza makamaka za momwe insulin imakhudzira ubongo wa hypothalamus, dera lomwe limayang'anira momwe zimadyera mu zomwe Brüning akuti ndizoyimilira ndikuyamba "kusinkhasinkha". Koma, akutero, tonsefe timadziwa kuti anthu amadya mopitirira muyeso pazifukwa zomwe zimakhudzana kwambiri ndi neuropsychology kuposa njala. Timadya kutengera kampani yomwe timasunga, kununkhira kwa chakudya komanso momwe timamvera. "Titha kukhala okhuta koma tikupitilizabe kudya," adatero Brüning.
Gulu lake linkafuna kumvetsetsa mbali zopindulitsa za chakudya komanso makamaka momwe insulin imakhudzira ntchito zapamwamba za ubongo. Anayang'ana pazipangizo zofunikira za midbrain zomwe zimamasulira dopamine, mankhwala am'bungwe mu ubongo omwe akukhudzidwa ndi chikonzero, chilango ndi mphotho, pakati pa ntchito zina. Pamene insulini ikuwonetsa inali yowonongeka mu neuroni, mbewa zinakula kwambiri ndipo zinali zolemetsa pamene zidya kwambiri.
Iwo anapeza kuti insulini imayambitsa ma neuroni nthawi zambiri, yankho lomwe linatayika pa zinyama zopanda insulin. Manyowawa adasonyezanso kusintha kwa cocaine ndi shuga pamene chakudya sichinalipo, umboni winanso wakuti mphotho za ubongo zimadalira insulini kuti zizigwira ntchito bwino.
Ngati zofukufukuzo zikugwira ntchito mwa anthu, zikhoza kukhala ndi matenda enieni.
"Pamodzi, kafukufuku wathu akuwonetsa gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamagwiridwe a insulini mu ma catecholaminergic neurons pakuwongolera kwa nthawi yayitali kudyetsa," ofufuzawo analemba. ” Kuzindikiranso kwina kwa kuchuluka kwa ma neuronal kuchuluka kwa ma cell ndi makina am'manja omwe amathandizira izi kumatha kufotokozera zomwe zingachitike pothana ndi kunenepa kwambiri. ”
Monga sitepe yotsatira, Brüning adanena kuti akukonzekera kuti azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi opanga maginito (FMRI) maphunziro omwe anthu omwe ali ndi insulini amapereka ubongo ku ubongo kuti awone momwe zingakhudzire ntchito mu malo opindulitsa.
Kuchuluka kwa insulin mu ubongo kungabweretse ku kunenepa kwambiri (2011)
June 6th, 2011 mu sayansi ya sayansi
Chakudya cholemera mafuta chimakupangitsani kukhala wonenepa. Kumbuyo kwa equation yosavuta imeneyi pamakhala njira zowonetsera zovuta, momwe ma neurotransmitters muubongo amayang'anira mphamvu ya thupi. Asayansi a Max Planck Institute of Research Research Neurological Research ndi Cluster of Excellence mu Mavuto a Ma Cellular Responses mu Matenda Okalamba Ogwirizanitsa (CECAD) ku yunivesite ya Cologne afotokozera gawo lofunikira pa dera loyendetsa lovuta.
Iwo athandiza kusonyeza momwe hormone imachitira insulini imachita mbali ya ubongo wodziwika kuti ventromedial hypothalamus. Kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamtengo wapatali kumapangitsa kuti insulini yambiri ikamasulidwe ndi ziphuphu. Izi zimachititsa kuti ziphuphu ziwonongeke m'maselo apadera a ubongo, SF-1 neurons, momwe P13-kinase ya enzyme imathandizira. Pakati pa masitepe angapo, insulin imalepheretsa kufalitsa kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha kotero kuti kumverera kwachisokonezo kumachepetsedwa ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumachepetsedwa. Izi zimalimbikitsa kunenepa kwambiri ndi kunenepa kwambiri.
Hypothalamus imagwira gawo lofunikira pakuthandizira homeostasis: kuwongolera mphamvu zamagetsi zamthupi. Ma neurons apadera m'mbali iyi ya ubongo, yotchedwa POMC maselo, amachitapo kanthu kwa odwala matendawa ndipo amachititsa kuti azidya zakudya komanso magetsi. Mankhwala a insulin ndi ofunika kwambiri. Insulini imachititsa kuti zakudya zodyera zimatengedwa kupita kukafuna kulumikiza maselo (mwachitsanzo minofu) ndipo amapezeka kwa maselowa ngati magetsi. Chakudya chokhala ndi mafuta ambiri chikamadya, insulini yambiri imapangidwa m'matumbo, ndipo ubongo wake umakulanso. Kuyanjana pakati pa insulini ndi maselo omwe amalunjika muubongo kumathandizanso pakuwongolera mphamvu zamagetsi zamthupi. Komabe, njira zenizeni za maselo omwe amalephera kulamulira chifukwa cha insulini sichidziwika bwinobwino.
Gulu lofufuzira lotsogoleredwa ndi Jens Brüning, Mtsogoleri wa Max Planck Institute for Research Neurological ndi wothandizira sayansi wa CECAD (Magulu Opanikizika a Ma Cellular mu Aging-Associated Diseases) gulu labwino pa University of Cologne lapindulapo chofunikira pa kufotokoza kwa ndondomeko yovuta imeneyi.
Monga momwe asayansi asonyezera, insulini mu SF-1 neurons - gulu lina la neurons mu hypothalamus - limayambitsa chizindikiro chotha. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, maselowa amawonekera kuti aziwongolera ndi insulini pamene chakudya chokwera mafuta chimatha komanso ngati akulemera kwambiri. PxNUMX-kinase ya puloteni imakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakati pazigawo za atumiki. Pakati pa njirayi, njirayi imayendetsa njira zowonetsera mavitamini. Ofufuzawo akuganiza kuti maselo a SF-13 amalumikizana motere ndi maselo a POMC.
Ma Kinase ndi ma enzyme omwe amachititsa ma molekyulu ena kudzera mu phosphorylation - kuwonjezera kwa gulu la phosphate ku protein kapena ma molekyulu ena. "Ngati insulin imamangiriza kulandirira kwake pamwamba pa maselo a SF-1, zimayambitsa kuyambitsa kwa PI3-kinase," akufotokoza a Tim Klöckener, wolemba woyamba wa kafukufukuyu. "PI3-kinase, nawonso, imayang'anira kapangidwe ka PIP3, molekyulu ina yowonetsera, kudzera mu phosphorylation. PIP3 imapangitsa kuti mayendedwe olumikizana ndi khoma azikhala ndi potaziyamu wa potaziyamu. ” Kuchuluka kwawo kumapangitsa kuti neuron 'iwotche' pang'onopang'ono ndipo kufalitsa kwamphamvu zamagetsi kumathetsedwa.
"Chifukwa chake, mwa anthu onenepa kwambiri, insulini mwina imalepheretsa ma POMC neurons, omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azikhala okhutira, kudzera pamalo oyimira pakati pa ma SF-1 neurons," akuganiza wasayansiyo. "Komanso, chakudya chikuwonjezeka. ” Umboni wotsimikizirika wakuti mitundu iŵiri ya neuroni imalankhulana mwa njira iyi ikadalipobe, komabe.
Kuti apeze momwe insulini imachitira mu ubongo, asayansi a Cologne omwe amachokera kumayambiriro anayerekezera mbewa zomwe zinalibe mankhwala obwera chifukwa cha insulini pa SF-1 neurons ndi mbewa zomwe amalandizi a insulini anali osagwirizana. Chifukwa chodya choyenera, ochita kafukufuku sanapeze kusiyana pakati pa magulu awiriwa. Izi zikhoza kusonyeza kuti insulini sichisonkhezera kwambiri ntchito ya maselo omwe ali ochepa. Komabe, pamene makoswe amadyetsa chakudya chamtengo wapatali, omwe ali ndi vuto losavomerezeka la insulin anakhalabe ochepa, pamene anzawo omwe ali ndi mapulogalamu ogwira ntchito amakula kwambiri. Phindu lolemera linachokera kuwonjezeka kwa njala ndi kuchepetsa ndalama zowonjezera ndalama. Zotsatira zake za insulini zingapangitse kusintha kwa thupi kuti zikhale ndi chakudya chokwanira komanso nthawi yanjala: ngati chakudya chochuluka cha mafuta chikupezeka panthawi yambiri, thupi limatha kuika magetsi amphamvu makamaka mwa insulini .
Sizingatheke pakadali pano kunena kuti zomwe apeza mu kafukufukuyu zithandizira kuthandizira kulowerera mu mphamvu ya thupi. Jens Brüning anati: "Pakadali pano tili kutali kwambiri ndi fomu yofunsira. “Cholinga chathu ndikupeza momwe njala komanso kumverera kokhala wokhutira zimayambira. Tikamvetsetsa zonse zomwe tikugwira pano, ndi pomwe tidzatha kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala. ”
Wowonjezera zambiri: Tim Klöckener, Simon Hess, Bengt F. Belgardt, Lars Paeger, Linda AW Verhagen, Andreas Husch, Jong-Woo Sohn, Brigitte Hampel, Harveen Dhillon, Jeffrey M. Zigman, Bradford B. Lowell, Kevin W. Williams, Joel K. Elmquist, Tamas L. Horvath, Peter Kloppenburg, Jens C. Brüning, Kudyetsa Mafuta Kwambiri Kumalimbikitsa Kutaya Kwambiri Kupyolera mu Insulin Receptor / P13k-Kuletsa Kuletsedwa kwa SF-1 VMH Neurons, Nyama Neuroscience, June 5th 2011
Zinaperekedwa ndi Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Njira Yokhalira Binge Imayambitsa Matenda M'kati mwa Matumbo Kulimbikitsa Matenda a Endocannabinoids (2011)
Phunziro Limapeza Chifukwa Chomwe Timakondera Chips & Fries
Stephanie Pappas, LiveScience Senior Writer
Tsiku: 04 July 2011
Ndizovuta kudya chidutswa chimodzi cha mbatata, ndipo kafukufuku watsopano akhoza kufotokoza chifukwa chake.
Zakudya zamafuta monga tchipisi ndi tiziwisi zimayambitsa thupi kuti lipange mankhwala ofanana ndi omwe amapezeka mu chamba, ofufuza akuti lero mu nyuzipepala ya Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). Mankhwalawa, omwe amatchedwa "endocannabinoids," ndi gawo limodzi lomwe limakupangitsani kuti mubwererenso kudzakuliranso kamodzi kake ka tizi tchizi, kafukufukuyu adapeza.
"Ichi ndi chiwonetsero choyamba chomwe ma endocannabinoid signaling m'matumbo amatenga gawo lofunikira pakukhazikitsa mafuta," kafukufuku wofufuza Daniele Piomelli, pulofesa wa zamankhwala ku University of California, Irvine, adatero m'mawu.
Mankhwala opanga mankhwala osuta
Kafukufukuyu anapeza kuti mafuta m'matumbo amayambitsa kutulutsa ma endocannabinoids muubongo, koma zinthu zakuda pakati pa makutu anu sizomwe zimapanga mankhwala achilengedwe ngati chamba. Khungu laumunthu limapangitsanso zinthu. Khungu cannabinoids itha kutenga gawo lomwelo kwa ife monga momwe amachitira ndi mbewu zamphika: Kuteteza mafuta ku mphepo ndi dzuwa.
Matenda otchedwa Endocannabinoids amadziwikanso kuti amachititsa kuti anthu azidya chakudya komanso amve kukoma, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2009 ku PNAS, zomwe zimafotokoza kuti anthu amunchies amayamba kusuta fodya.
Phunziro latsopanoli, Piomelli ndi anzake amagwiritsa ntchito makoswe ndi ma tubes omwe amatha kukhetsa zomwe zili m'mimba mwawo pamene adya kapena kumwa. Mipope iyi ya m'mimba inalola ochita kafukufuku kunena ngati mafuta akugwira ntchito m'lilankhulo, pomwe amatha kuona
endocannabinoid amasulidwa ngakhale ndi machubu okhazikika, kapena m'matumbo, momwemo sangawone zotsatira zake.
Mphunozo zinagwedezeka pa kugwedeza kwa thanzi (vanila Kuonetsetsa), njira yothetsera shuga, madzi olemera a puloteni otchedwa peptone, kapena chakumwa chokwera kwambiri cha mafuta a chimanga. Kenaka ochita kafukufuku ananyengerera ndi kusokoneza makoswewo, mozizira ziwalo zawo kuti zifufuze.
Chifukwa cha chikondi cha mafuta
Kulawa shuga ndi mapuloteni sikunakhudze kutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala osuta a chamba mthupi, ofufuzawo adapeza. Koma kunena mafuta kunatero. Zotsatirazo zikuwonetsa kuti mafuta omwe ali palilime amatulutsa chizindikiritso kuubongo, womwe umatumiza uthenga kupita m'matumbo kudzera mumtolo wamitsempha wotchedwa vagus nerve. Uthengawu umalamula kuti apange ma endocannabinoids m'matumbo, omwe amachititsa kuti zizindikilo zina zizitha kukankhira uthenga womwewo: Idyani, idyani, idyani!
Uthenga uwu ukanakhala wopindulitsa mu mbiri yakale ya zinyama, Piomelli adati. Mafuta ndi ofunikira kuti apulumuke, ndipo nthawi zina anali ovuta kubwera ndi zakudya zamamera. Koma m'dziko lamasiku ano, pomwe malo ogulitsira omwe ali ndi zakudya zopanda thanzi amakhala pangodya iliyonse, chikondi chathu chosinthika cha mafuta chimabwerera mosavuta.
Zofukufukuzo zimasonyeza kuti mwa kuletsa kulandila kwa zizindikiro za endocannabinoid, ofufuza zachipatala akhoza kuthetsa kayendetsedwe kamene kamatsogolera anthu kuti adye chakudya chambiri. Kuletsa mapuloteni a fetocannabinoid mu ubongo kungayambitse nkhawa ndi kupsinjika mtima, Piomelli adati, koma mankhwala osokoneza mavitamini sangayambe kuwopsa.
Momwe zakudya zopanda thanzi zimathandizira machitidwe ofunafuna chakudya chaubongo (2015)
February 23, 2016 ndi Christopher Packham
(Medical Xpress) -Mliri wapano wonenepa kwambiri m'maiko otukuka uyenera kukhala chenjezo kwa ogwira ntchito zaumoyo m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene omwe ali ndi misika yomwe yangotsegulidwa kumene. Opanga chakudya, makampani ogulitsa malo odyera, unyolo wapa chakudya ndi otsatsa amalumikizana kuti apange malo omwe zakudya zokoma, zopatsa mphamvu ndi zina zokhudzana nazo zimapezeka; komabe, anthu adakali ndi mapangidwe osinthika a neural oyenererana bwino ndi malo akusowa kwa chakudya. Mwanjira ina, mapulogalamu aubongo atha kupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuthana ndi zamoyo zamakono ndi njira yathanzi.
Anthu, monga nyama zonse, ali ndi mapulogalamu akale obadwa nawo omwe adasinthidwa makamaka kuti athe kudya komanso kukhala ndi moyo wofunafuna chakudya. Malingaliro azachilengedwe amakopa mwamakhalidwe awa posintha mapangidwe amitsempha, ndipo mabungwe asintha sayansi yogwiritsa ntchito mayankho a chisangalalo chaumunthu mwina mwinanso mosasinthanso amaumba ubongo wa anthu kuti apeze mafuta owonjezera. M'dera lomwe lili ndi zakudya zokoma, zopatsa mphamvu, kufalikira kwa zinthu zokhudzana ndi chakudya kumatha kubweretsa kufunafuna chakudya ndikudya mopitilira muyeso mosasamala kanthu za kukhuta, komwe kumayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri.
Ofufuza a ku Canada ku yunivesite ya Calgary ndi yunivesite ya British Columbia posachedwapa anatulutsa zotsatira za phunziro la mbewa mu Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences momwe iwo anafufuza njira za neural zotsatila kusintha kumeneku pakufunafuna chakudya.
Kukonzekera zam'tsogolo zoyenera kudya zakudya
Amanena kuti kugwiritsira ntchito kanthaŵi kochepa chakudya chokoma kwambiri-makamaka, chakudya chokoma kwambiri cha mafuta-makamaka zakudya zamakono zoyenera kudya. Iwo apeza kuti zotsatirazo ndizopakatilira ndi kulimbikitsidwa kwa kusakanikirana kwachisudzo cha synaptic dopamine neurons, ndipo amatha masiku angapo pambuyo poyambira maola oyamba a 24 kwa zakudya zamtengo wapatali.
Zosinthazi zimachitika mu ubongo wa ventral tegmental area (VTA) ndi mawonekedwe ake a mesolimbic, dera lomwe limakhudzidwa ndikusintha zachilengedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kufotokozera zokhutiritsa zoyenera-mwazinthu zina, VTA ndiyomwe yakhazikitsa zolakalaka zokhutiritsa zomwe zimapindulitsa mwa njira ina.
Ofufuzawo alemba kuti, "Chifukwa chakuti kufalikira kwa ma synaptic opititsa patsogolo ma dopamine neurons kumaganiziridwa kuti kungasinthe chidwi chazomwe sizingachitike kukhala chidziwitso chazidziwitso, kusintha kumeneku pakukweza kosangalatsa kwa ma synaptic kumatha kukhala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chakudya komwe kumawonedwa masiku angapo atatha kudya zakudya zotsekemera zamafuta kwambiri komanso zomwe zingakhale zabwino kwambiri kudya kwambiri. ”
Njira zothetsera kunenepa zingatheke
Mphamvu yamagetsi yotchedwa synaptic imakhala kwa masiku angapo atapezeka ku chakudya chokwanira-mphamvu, ndipo imayanjanitsika ndi kuchulukitsidwa kowonjezereka kokwanira. Ofufuzawa anapeza kuti kuyambitsa insulini mwachindunji ku vta zotetezera zosangalatsa kusinthasintha kwachimake Dopamine neurons ndi kuthetseratu mwakhama khalidwe lofunafuna chakudya pambuyo pa ola la 24 kupeza chakudya chokoma kwambiri.
Munthawi yopezera chakudya, kuchuluka kwa masamba amamasulidwe a glutamate pama dopamine neurons kumawonjezeka. Insulini imagwira ntchito yotchinga malowa, kupikisana ndi glutamate. Pozindikira kuti izi zikusonyeza njira yothetsera kunenepa kwambiri, olembawo alemba kuti, "Chifukwa chake, ntchito zamtsogolo zikuyenera kudziwa ngati insulini ya intranasal ingachepetse kudya mopitilira muyeso chifukwa cha chakudya choyambitsidwa ndi chakudya chosavuta kapena chakudyazofananira. ”
Zambiri: Kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chamtengo wapatali chodyera chakudya kumayendedwe kawirikawiri powonjezereka msinkhu wochuluka mu vta. PNAS 2016; inasindikizidwa kusanayambe kusindikiza February 16, 2016, DOI: 10.1073 / pnas.1515724113
Kudalirika
M'dera lomwe mumatha kupeza chakudya chosavuta kumva komanso chopatsa mphamvu, njira zokhudzana ndi chakudya zimayendetsa kufunafuna chakudya mosasamala kanthu za kukhuta, zomwe zingayambitse kunenepa kwambiri. Dera la ventral tegmental area (VTA) ndi mawonekedwe ake a mesolimbic ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuphunzira njira zachilengedwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulosera zotsatira zoyeserera. Zotsatira zoyambira zotsatsa zokhudzana ndi chakudya komanso kumwa zakudya zokoma zimatha kuyendetsa chakudya. Komabe, momwe zimachitikira izi, komanso ngati zoyambazi zimatha masiku angapo pambuyo podya, sizidziwika. Apa, tikuwonetsa kuti kumwa kwakanthawi kochepa kwa zakudya zokoma kumatha kuyambitsa machitidwe amtsogolo a chakudya ndi kudya. Izi zimayanjanitsidwa ndikulimbikitsa kwamphamvu kopitilira muyeso kwa ma dopamine neurons omwe amayambitsidwa ndikuwonjezeka kwakanthawi kwamalankhulidwe a endocannabinoid, koma kumatenga masiku angapo kuchokera pomwe nthawi yoyamba ya 24-h idawonetsedwa ndi chakudya chotsekemera cha mafuta (SHF). Mphamvu yolimbikitsidwayo ya synaptic imayanjanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kokhalira kosangalatsa kwa ma synaptic pa VTA dopamine neurons. Kuyendetsa insulini mu VTA, yomwe imapondereza kutulutsa kosakanikirana kwa dopamine neurons, kumatha kuthetseratu machitidwe oyandikira pakudya ndi kudya komwe kumawonedwa patadutsa masiku 24-h kufikira SHF. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti ngakhale kupezeka kwakanthawi kochepa kwa zakudya zokoma kumatha kuyendetsa njira yakudyetsa mtsogolo mwa "rewiring" mesolimbic dopamine neurons.
Ofufuza amafufuza njira mu ubongo zomwe zimasiyanitsa chakudya ndi chilakolako (2016)
March 8, 2016
Ochita kafufuzidwe kavuto la zakudya nthawi zambiri amaphunzira mankhwala ndi zamaganizo mu ubongo kupeza zizindikiro zodyera. Kumvetsetsa kusadya-homeostatic-kapena kudya kumene kumayendetsedwa kwambiri, chizolowezi ndi zakudya zomwe zimagwira ntchito mu ubongo zingathandize akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo kudziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito zilakolako, kusunga miyezo yathanzi komanso kulimbikitsa moyo wathanzi. Asayansi ku yunivesite ya Missouri posachedwapa adapeza maulendo ozungulira komanso njira zamagulu zomwe zimasiyanitsa chakudya ndi zilakolako. Kudziwa zambiri za njirazi kungathandize ochita kafukufuku kukhala ndi mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kudya kwambiri.
Kyle Parker, wophunzira wakale komanso wofufuza ku MU Bond Life Sciences Center, adati: "Kudya kopanda kunyumba kumatha kuganiziridwa ngati kudya mchere mukatha kudya." “Ndingadziwe kuti sindili ndi njala, koma mcherewu ndiwokoma ndiye ndidya. Tikuwona zomwe ma circular neural amayenera kuyendetsa poyendetsa khalidweli. ”
Matthew J. Will, pulofesa wothandizirana ndi sayansi yamaganizidwe mu MU College of Arts and Science, wofufuza kafukufuku ku Bond Life Sciences Center ndi mlangizi wa Parker, akuti kwa asayansi amakhalidwe, kudya kumatchedwa njira ziwiri zomwe zimatchedwa kudya ndi magawo omaliza.
"Ndikuganiza za chikwangwani cha neon chogulitsa ma donut - logo ndi fungo lokoma la ma donuts ofunda ndi zomwe zimayambitsa chilengedwe chomwe chimayambitsa chikhumbo, kapena chilakolako chofuna kudya," atero a Will. "Gawo lomaliza limakhala mutakhala ndi donat ija m'manja ndikudya."
Parker adaphunzira momwe makoswe a labotale amakhalira poyambitsa malo osangalalira muubongo, malo otentha muubongo omwe amasintha ndikulimbikitsa mauthenga okhudzana ndi mphotho ndi chisangalalo. Kenako adadyetsa makoswewo ngati chakudya cha makeke kuti akokomeze momwe amadyera ndikupeza kuti makoswewo amadya kawiri kuposa masiku onse. Pomwe nthawi imodzi adayambitsa gawo lina laubongo lotchedwa basolateral amygdala, makoswewo adasiya kudya. Amangobwereranso kumadengu awo akudya zina, koma amangodya zochepa.
"Zinkawoneka kuti makoswewo anali akulakalabe mtanda," atero a Will. “Ankangobwererabe kuti akapeze chakudya koma sanadye. Tidazindikira kuti tidasokoneza gawo laubongo lomwe limafunikira kudyetsa - dera lomwe limadyedwa pakudya kwenikweni - koma osati kulakalaka. Mwakutero, tinasiya chilakolakocho chilibe vuto lililonse. ”
Kuti mudziwe zomwe zinali kuchitika mu ubongo nthawi yachisomo, Parker anakhazikitsa kuyesa koyesa. Monga kale, adasintha mbali ya ubongo yogwirizana ndi mphoto ndi chisangalalo ndipo anakhazikitsanso amygdala omwe amachokera kumalo ena a makoswe koma osati ena. Komabe, nthawiyi, iye anachepetsera kuchuluka kwa zakudya zamtundu wa mafuta zomwe makoswe anali nazo kuti magulu onsewa azidya mofanana.
Kunja, magulu awiriwa a makoswe ankawonetsera makhalidwe omwewo. Iwo adadya gawo la chakudya, koma ankabwerera kumbuyo kupita kumabasiketi awo. Komabe, mkati mwa ubongo, Parker anaona kusiyana kosiyana. Makoswe okhala ndi nucleus accumbens anasonyezedwa kuwonjezeka kwa dopamine neuron ntchito, yomwe ikukhudzana ndi khalidwe lolimbikitsa.
Gululo linapezanso kuti chikhalidwe cha amygdala chokhalira pansi sichinakhudzepo mbali za dopamine. Komabe, mu dera la ubongo lotchedwa hypothalamus, Parker anawona makina orexin-A, okwezeka okhudzana ndi chilakolako, kokha mu makoswe omwe amatsitsimutsa amygdala.
"Tidawonetsa kuti chomwe chingalepheretse kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndikachikhalidwe cha orexin," atero a Parker.
"Zotsatirazo zidalimbitsa lingaliro lakuti dopamine imakhudzidwa ndi njirayo-kapena gawo lakulakalaka-ndi orexin-A pakumwa," atero a Will.
Gulu limakhulupirira kuti zotsatirazi zikhoza kumvetsetsa bwino mbali zosiyanasiyana za kudya ndi kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mwa kuwulula maulendo oyendetsa okhawo a chilakolako poyerekeza ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera kapena kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, izi zingayambitse mankhwala ochiritsira omwe ali ofunika kwambiri ndipo ali ndi zotsatira zochepa zosafunikira.
Kafukufuku wa Parker ndi Will, "Nkhanza za mtundu wa Neural zomwe zimayambitsa mphamvu ya amygdala yogwiritsira ntchito intra-accumbens yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi opioid yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi zakudya zakutchire., ”Posachedwapa inafalitsidwa mu Khalidwe la Neuroscience. Kafukufuku anagulitsidwa mbali ina ndi National Institute of Drug Abuse (DA024829).
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