Achinyamata omwe amaonera zolaula zachiwawa pa intaneti nthawi zambiri amanena kuti ali ndi thanzi loipa kwambiri pa kugonana, alibe chifundo, komanso amavomereza kwambiri nkhanza kwa akazi kuposa omwe amaonera zinthu zopanda chiwawa. Makhalidwe amenewa, omwe amawoneka osiyana kwa amuna ndi akazi, akusonyeza kuti mitundu yeniyeni ya nkhani zogonana zomwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito ingayambitse ubale wawo ndi anthu komanso zomwe akumana nazo. Kafukufukuyu adasindikizidwa mu magazini ya Behavioral Sciences.
Bungwe la World Health Organization limafotokoza thanzi la kugonana ngati mkhalidwe waukulu wa thanzi la thupi, maganizo, komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu. Tanthauzo limeneli limapitirira kusakhalapo kwa matenda koma limaphatikizapo luso la maganizo ndi maganizo lomwe limathandiza anthu kupanga maubwenzi abwino. Maluso awiri oyambira awa ndi chifundo, chomwe chimaphatikizapo kumvetsetsa ndikugawana malingaliro a munthu wina, komanso kudzidalira pa kugonana.
Kudzidalira pa nkhani yogonana kumatanthauza luso la munthu lolankhulana zomwe akufuna, kuyambitsa zibwenzi zomwe akufuna, komanso kukana kuchita zinthu zogonana zomwe sakufuna. Luso lapamwamba limeneli limateteza ku kukakamizidwa kugonana ndipo limalimbikitsa kuchita zinthu zogonana zotetezeka. Chifundo chimagwiranso ntchito pa thanzi la kugonana mwa kulimbikitsa kukhutitsana kwa onse ndikuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi makhalidwe oipa.
Ngakhale anthu amaonera zolaula zambiri pa intaneti, kafukufuku wokhudza momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makanema olankhulirana imagwirizanirana ndi thanzi la kugonana amasakanikiranabe. Kafukufuku wakale nthawi zambiri ankaphatikiza zithunzi zolaula zonse pamodzi, kubisa momwe zomwe zili mkati mwake zingagwirizanitse ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana. Zitsanzo zamaganizo za momwe anthu amagwiritsira ntchito makanema zimasonyeza kuti zotsatira za kuonera zolaula zimadalira kwambiri nkhani yeniyeni ndi zinthu zomwe zimawonedwa.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, nsanja za pa intaneti zomwe zikupezeka mosavuta zawonetsa owonera achinyamata kuti azitha kuona zinthu zoopsa kwambiri panthawi yomwe akukula. Pofuna kuthana ndi kusiyana kwa chidziwitso chokhudza nkhani zinazake, wofufuza zaumoyo wa anthu Belén Sanz-Barbero wa ku Spain's National School of Public Health ndi anzake adafufuza momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zolaula zachiwawa imagwirizanirana ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a thanzi la kugonana.
Ofufuzawo adakonza kafukufuku wamkulu pa intaneti wa achinyamata 3,607 okhala ku Spain azaka zapakati pa 18 ndi 35. Pofuna kusanthula koyamba, adapeza gulu laling'ono la anthu 1,985 omwe adanena kuti akuchita zachiwerewere komanso adaonera zolaula chaka chatha. Gulu lomalizali linali ndi amuna 1,249 ndi akazi 736.
Ophunzirawo anayankha mafunso mwatsatanetsatane okhudza zizolowezi zawo zoonera zolaula komanso zomwe anakumana nazo pa nkhani yogonana. Pofuna kupewa tsankho la anthu omwe amafunsidwa mafunso, chizolowezi cha omwe adayankha mafunso m'njira yomwe ena angawakonde, ofufuzawo adapewa kugwiritsa ntchito mawu okhwima monga kugwiririra. M'malo mwake, adapereka mafotokozedwe obisika a zochitika zogonana ndipo adapempha ophunzirawo kuti anene kuchuluka kwa momwe adawonera zochitikazo.
Kenako ofufuzawo adagawa ophunzirawo m'magulu kutengera mtundu woopsa kwambiri wa zolaula zomwe ankaonera nthawi zonse. Magulu atatuwa anali zolaula zopanda chiwawa, zolaula zokhala ndi zochita zochititsa manyazi kapena zochititsa manyazi popanda chiwawa chakuthupi, ndi zolaula zokhala ndi chiwawa chakuthupi. Zomwe zinali zonyoza zinali ndi zochitika zomwe zinali ndi mawu achipongwe, ziwopsezo, kapena machitidwe olamulira omwe sanabweretse ululu wakuthupi.
Nkhani zokhudzana ndi nkhanza zakuthupi zinali ndi zithunzi za zochita zosagwirizana, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kapena machitidwe opweteka ogonjera. Chida chofufuzirachi chinayesanso chifundo cha ophunzirawo, kudzidalira pa kugonana, komanso kuvomereza nkhanza kwa akazi. Magawo ena a mafunsowa anafunsa oyankha za kukhutira kwawo ndi kugonana, kuthekera kwawo kufika pachimake, komanso ngati adapezeka ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana posachedwapa.
Ofufuzawa adapeza kuti kuonera zolaula zachiwawa kunali kofala pakati pa ophunzira omwe adachita nawo kafukufukuyu. Amuna opitilira 63 peresenti ndi akazi pafupifupi 51 peresenti adanena kuti amaonera zolaula zomwe zinali ndi nkhanza zakuthupi. Amuna omwe adaonera makanema achiwawa awa adapeza zochepa pamayeso amisala omwe amayesa chifundo ndi kudzidalira pakugonana poyerekeza ndi amuna omwe adawonera zolaula zopanda chiwawa.
Amuna ndi akazi omwe anaonera zolaula zachiwawa anasonyeza kuti akazi amalandira kwambiri nkhanza. Amuna omwe anaonera zinthu zonyoza kapena zochititsa manyazi nawonso anasonyeza kuti amalandira kwambiri nkhanzazi. Ofufuzawo anaona kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa amuna ndi akazi pankhani ya kugonana komanso kukhutitsidwa pakati pa anthu.
Amuna omwe amaonera zinthu zachiwawa anali ndi mwayi waukulu wonena kuti amasangalala komanso kusangalala akamachita zinthu zogonana kuposa omwe amaonera makanema opanda chiwawa. Nthawi yomweyo, amunawa anali ndi mwayi waukulu wonena kuti amamva kusasangalala akamagonana. Analinso ndi vuto lalikulu lopeza kapena kusunga chilakolako chogonana ndipo anali ndi mwayi waukulu wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala owonjezera chilakolako chogonana.
Kafukufuku wakale wasonyeza kuti kufalikira kwa vuto la kugonana mwa amuna osakwana zaka 40 kwawonjezeka m'zaka zaposachedwa. Ofufuzawo adati maloto ogonana osatheka omwe amapangidwa ndi zolaula zachiwawa angayambitse malingaliro ovutika maganizo kapena kusalingana ndi makhalidwe abwino pamene sakukwaniritsidwa m'moyo weniweni. Kuvutika kumeneku kumatha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito ogonana komanso kukhutira.
Kwa akazi, kuonera zolaula zachiwawa kunkagwirizana ndi mwayi waukulu wovutika kufika pachimake akakhala ndi mnzawo. Komabe, akaziwa sananene kuti vutoli limachitika akamagonana okha. Ofufuzawo anati ziyembekezo zosatheka zomwe zimapangidwa ndi atolankhani achiwawa zingapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kwa owonera kufotokoza malire awo kapena kukhutira ndi anzawo enieni.
Kafukufukuyu adafufuzanso za matenda opatsirana pogonana monga chinzonono, kachilombo ka human papillomavirus, ndi chlamydia. Anthu amitundu yonse awiri omwe adaonera zolaula zachiwawa adanena kuti matendawa achuluka kwambiri. Komabe, kusiyana kumeneku sikunali kofunikira kwambiri pambuyo poti ofufuzawo asintha zomwe zapezeka kuti zigwirizane ndi mitundu ina ya anthu.
Popeza kafukufukuyu adadalira kafukufuku wochitidwa nthawi imodzi, sizingatsimikizire kuti kuonera zolaula zachiwawa kumayambitsa zotsatira zoyipa pa thanzi la kugonana. Ubalewu ukhoza kugwira ntchito mosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ali kale ndi vuto la kusamvera chisoni kapena kusagwira ntchito bwino pa kugonana angafufuze zinthu zoopsa kwambiri kapena zachiwawa kuti akwaniritse chilakolako chogonana.
Chiphunzitso cha maganizo cha chifundo chikusonyeza kuti ogula nkhani nthawi zambiri amazindikira munthu m'modzi mwa ochita sewero pa chochitika china, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu ena omwe akukhudzidwa asamagwirizane ndi anthu ena. N'zotheka kuti amuna omwe ali ndi chifundo chochepa mwachibadwa amakopeka ndi nkhani zomwe zimawalola kuti asamagwirizane ndi zomwe akazi akukumana nazo. Akazi akhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri pamaganizo awo ku zotsatira za zolaula zachiwawa chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana zodziwira chifundo.
Kafukufukuyu adadaliranso ophunzirawo kuti afotokoze molondola komanso moona mtima za zizolowezi zawo zowonera. Ngakhale patakhala kusintha kwa ziwerengero zomwe zapangidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi zomwe anthu amakonda pagulu, anthu mwachibadwa anganene zochepa za makhalidwe osavomerezeka pagulu komanso kunena zambiri za makhalidwe abwino. Ofufuzawo adawonanso kuti chitsanzo chawo chidayang'ana kwambiri anthu ochita zachiwerewere, zomwe zingachepetse momwe zomwe zapezedwazo zimagwirira ntchito kwa anthu ambiri.
Maphunziro amtsogolo otsatira owonera kwa zaka zingapo athandiza kudziwa ngati kuwonetsedwa ndi zolaula zachiwawa kumasintha mwachindunji chitukuko cha maganizo ndi malingaliro. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, njira zothandizira zaumoyo wa anthu zomwe zimayang'ana achinyamata zitha kuyang'ana kwambiri pakumanga luso lolankhulana ndi kuganiza mozama pankhani ya zolemba zogonana zomwe zimawonetsedwa pazama TV. Kuzindikira zolaula zachiwawa ngati chinthu chomwe chikuyambitsa thanzi la kugonana kungathandize aphunzitsi kulimbikitsa maubwenzi otetezeka komanso olemekezeka.
Zomwe zapezekazi zikupereka lingaliro latsopano la momwe zizolowezi zofalitsa nkhani pa intaneti zimagwirizanirana ndi thanzi la thupi ndi malingaliro. Kafukufukuyu, " Zachiwawa mu Zithunzi Zolaula Pa intaneti Zimakhudzana ndi Thanzi Logonana la Akazi ndi Amuna ," adalembedwa ndi Belén Sanz-Barbero, Vanesa Pérez-Martínez, Ana Rico, Laura Otero-García, Marta Fernández-López, Ariadna Cerdán-Torregrosa, ndi Carmen Vives-Cases.