Pano pali mayeso ochepa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzinthu zina kapena zoledzeretsa. Mu 2011, a American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) yanena kuti zizindikiro zina, zizindikiro ndi makhalidwe zimasonyeza kusintha kwa ubongo wokhudzana ndi chizoloŵezi cha ubongo.
Mafunso osokoneza bongo - American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV)
Yankhani inde kapena ayi ku mafunso asanu ndi awiri otsatirawa. Mafunso ambiri ali ndi gawo limodzi, chifukwa aliyense amachita mosiyana ndi mowa. Muyenera kuyankha inde inde gawo limodzi la funsoli kuti muwerenge ngati yankho lolondola.
- Kupirira. Kodi ntchito yanu yawonjezeka pa nthawi (escalation)?
- Kutaya. Mukasiya kugwiritsa ntchito, kodi munayamba mwangoyamba kutaya thupi? Kodi mwakhalapo ndi zizindikiro izi: kusakwiya, nkhawa, kugwedezeka, kupweteka mutu, kutukuta, kunyoza, kapena kusanza?
- Kuvuta kulamulira ntchito yanu. Kodi nthawi zina mumagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yochuluka kuposa nthawi yomwe mukufuna?
- Zotsatira zoipa. Kodi mwakhala mukugwiritsabe ntchito ngakhale kuti mwakhala mukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zoipa pamtima wanu, kudzidalira, thanzi, ntchito, kapena banja?
- Kusanyalanyaza kapena kutumiza ntchito. Kodi munayamba mwasiya kapena kuchepetsa ntchito, zosangalatsa, ntchito, kapena zapakhomo chifukwa cha ntchito yanu?
- Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yofunikira kapena mphamvu yamaganizo. Kodi mwathera nthawi yochuluka kupeza, kugwiritsa ntchito, kubisa, kukonza, kapena kubwezeretsa pogwiritsa ntchito? Kodi mwathera nthawi yochuluka mukuganiza za kugwiritsa ntchito? Kodi munabisapo kapena kuchepetsani ntchito yanu? Kodi munayamba mwalingalira za njira zoti musagwidwe?
- Chikhumbo chodula. Kodi nthawi zina mumaganiza za kudula kapena kuyendetsa ntchito yanu? Kodi munayesapo kuyesa kapena kuchepetsa ntchito yanu?
Ngati mwayankha inde pa mafunso osachepera atatu mwa awa, ndiye kuti mwakwaniritsa tanthauzo lachipatala la chizolowezi. Tanthauzoli likuchokera pa mfundo za American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV) ndi World Health Organization (ICD-10).(1)
Chinthu chimodzi chosavuta kumvetsetsa kuledzera ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito Cs zinayi:
- Kuponderezedwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito
- Yapitirira gwiritsani ntchito mosasamala kanthu za zotsatira zovuta
- Kulephera Control ntchito
- Kukonda - zamaganizidwe kapena zakuthupi
Chizolowezi chingakhale limodzi ndi kudalira thupi ndi zizindikiro za kuchotsa.