August 27th, 2013 mu Sciences / Social Sciences
(Phys.org) -Anthu ofufuza apeza kuti olemba zolemba zofufuza za "soft science" amakonda kukokomeza zotsatira nthawi zambiri kuposa ochita kafukufuku wina. Mu pepala lawo lofalitsidwa mu Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Daniele Fanelli ndi John Ioannidis alemba kuti olakwira kwambiri ali ku United States.
M'gulu la sayansi, kafukufuku wofewa wafika pofuna kufufuza komwe kumachitika m'madera omwe ndi ovuta kuyeza-sayansi ya khalidwe kukhala yodziwika kwambiri. Sayansi imapangidwira njira zomwe anthu (kapena zinyama) amayankhira pakuyesera kawirikawiri zimakhala zovuta kuberekana kapena kufotokoza momveka bwino. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, olemba amati, kufufuza pogwiritsa ntchito njira zothetsera khalidwe kunalingaliridwa (kwa zaka makumi angapo) kukhala pachiopsezo chachikulu, kusiyana ndi sayansi zina. Zosokoneza zoterezi, zimasonyeza kuti zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zopindulitsa.
Vuto lomwe Fanelli ndi Ioannidis akuwonetsa ndikuti mu sayansi yofewa pali "madigiri aufulu" ochulukirapo - ofufuza ali ndi malo ochulukirapo oyeserera zomwe zingatsimikizire zomwe amakhulupirira kale. Chifukwa chake, kuchita bwino mu sayansi ngati izi kumatanthauzidwa ngati kukwaniritsa zomwe mukuyembekezera, m'malo mongokwaniritsa cholinga chodziwika bwino kapena ngakhale kupeza zatsopano.
Ofufuzawa adafika pamaganizo awa pofufuza ndi kufufuza ma mndandanda wa 82 wamakono (mapepala opangidwa ndi ofufuza omwe amafufuza mapepala ofukufuku omwe adafalitsidwa) m'ma genetic ndi m'maganizo omwe anagwira maphunziro a 1,174. Kuphatikizapo ma genetics analola kuti duo liyereze maphunziro apamwamba a sayansi ndi maphunziro a sayansi yamphamvu komanso omwe anali ogwirizana awiriwa.
Pofufuza deta, ofufuza adapeza kuti ofufuza a sayansi yamaphunziro samafuna kuti amvetsetse zomwe apeza koma nthawi zambiri amafotokoza kuti zotsatira za kafukufuku wawo zikugwirizana ndi malingaliro awo oyambirira. Anapezanso kuti mapepala omwe adalemba ofufuza ochokera ku US monga atsogoleli akhala akuchimwa kwambiri. Potsutsana nawo, ochita kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti chiwonetsero chofalitsa-kapena-kuwonongeka ku US chimayambitsa vuto ngati kuti zimakhala zovuta kufotokozera magawo opambana mu sayansi yofewa. Olembawo adanenanso kuti ntchito zofufuza zomwe zinaphatikizapo sayansi yolimba ndi yofewa sizinali zochepa kuposa zoyesayesa zowonjezereka za sayansi zomwe zimayambitsa zotsatira.
Zambiri zowonjezera: Maphunziro a US angapangitse kukula kwakukulu kwa kafukufuku wowonjezereka, Wofalitsidwa pa intaneti asanayambe kusindikiza August 26, 2013, DOI: 10.1073 / pnas.1302997110
Kudalirika
Zokondera zambiri zimakhudza kafukufuku wasayansi, ndikupangitsa kuwononga chuma, kuwopseza thanzi la anthu, ndikulepheretsa kupita patsogolo kwasayansi. Mavutowa akuti akuwonjezeka chifukwa chakusagwirizana pamalingaliro ndi njira, posankha posindikiza, komanso machitidwe a ntchito kwambiri okhudzana ndi zokolola, monga omwe adakhazikitsidwa ku United States (US). Apa, tidapeza zotsatira zoyambirira za 1,174 zomwe zikuwunikiridwa pazosanthula 82 za meta zomwe zidasindikizidwa pakufufuza kokhudzana ndi thanzi komanso machitidwe oyeserera kuchokera pa Web of Science magawo a Genetics & Heredity ndi Psychiatry ndikuyeza momwe zotsatira za munthu zimasinthira kuchokera pazofupikitsa kukula kwake mkati mwa meta yawo -kuwunika. Tidapeza kuti maphunziro oyambira omwe zotsatira zake zimaphatikizira magawo amachitidwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zowopsa zakunena zoyipa, ndipo omwe ali ndi wolemba wofananira ku US atha kusintha njira zomwe zanenedweratu ndi malingaliro awo oyesera, makamaka pomwe zotsatira zawo sizinaphatikizepo zina magawo kwachilengedwenso. Kafukufuku wosachita zikhalidwe sanawonetse "mphamvu yaku US" yotere ndipo anali makamaka pamalingaliro azosiyana ndi zotsatira zazing'ono zophunzira, zomwe zinali zamphamvu kumaiko omwe si a US. Ngakhale kuti izi zaposachedwa zitha kutanthauziridwa kuti ndizofalitsa zotsutsana ndi olemba omwe si a US, zomwe US idachita pakuwunika kwamachitidwe sizokayikitsa kuti zingakopedwe ndi mkonzi. Kafukufuku wamakhalidwe ali ndi njira zochepa zogwirizirana komanso phokoso lokwera, zomwe zimapangitsa ofufuza aku US kuthekera kofotokozera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti afotokozere zamphamvu komanso zazikulu.
© 2013 Phys.org
"Ochita kafukufuku apeza kuti ofufuza akuganiza kuti US ndi wolakwa kwambiri." Ogasiti 27th, 2013. http://phys.org/news/2013-08-overestimate-soft-science-resultsus-worst.html