Chochitika chachikulu chachitika muukadaulo wa sayansi ndi chithandizo. Akatswiri odziwika bwino ku America ku The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) angotulutsa kumene tanthauzo lawo latsopano lazovuta. Kutanthauzira kwatsopano, ndi ma Q & A ogwirizana nawo, akuwonetsa mfundo zazikulu zopangidwa pano pa www.yourbrainonporn.com. Choyambirira, zizolowezi zamakhalidwe zimakhudza ubongo monganso mankhwala osokoneza bongo - m'njira zonse zofunika. Tanthauzo latsopanoli, pazinthu zonse zothandiza, limathetsa mkangano wokhudza ngati kugonana ndi zolaula ndizomwe zili "zosokoneza bongo."
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwachidule maganizo a ASAM pankhani ya zizolowezi zamakhalidwe :
Kutanthauzira kwatsopano kukusiya mosakayikira kuti zizolowezi zonse-kaya ndi mowa, heroin kapena kugonana, amati-ndizofanana. Dr Raju Haleja, Purezidenti wakale wa Canadian Society for Addiction Medicine komanso wapampando wa komiti ya ASAM yomwe idapanga tanthauzo latsopanoli, adauza The Fix, "Tikuyang'ana kuzolowera ngati matenda amodzi, mosiyana ndi omwe amawawona kuti ndi osiyana matenda. Kuledzera ndikoledzera. Zilibe kanthu kuti ubongo wanu ukugundana ndi njira yotani, ukasintha, umakhala pachiwopsezo chazovuta zonse. ” Kuti [ASAM] yatsimikizira kuti anthu ali ndi vuto logonana kapena kutchova juga kapena kuledzera monga momwe mankhwala alili monga kumwa mowa kapena heroin kapena crystal meth kungayambitse mikangano yambiri kuposa zonena zake zabodza koma zofananira.
Gawoli lili ndi zikalata zitatu za ASAM (ulalo wopita ku tsamba lawebusayiti la ASAM) ,
- American Society for Addiction Medicine: Tanthauzo la Chizolowezi - Long Version
- Tanthauzo la ASAM la Chizolowezi - Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri.
- ASAM Press Release.
ndi nkhani ziwiri mu nyuzipepala
- Nkhani yabwino ("The Fix") pazomwe zasintha: Akatswiri Opambana aku America (ASAM) Tangotulutsa Tanthauzo Latsopano Lakusokoneza
- Nkhani pamasulidwe omasulira: Kuledzera kusokonezeka kwa ubongo, osati machitidwe oyipa okha - ASAM
Nkhani ziwiri tinalemba:
- Gwiritsani Ntchito Mabuku Athu: Ma Docs Akuthandizani Kuletsa Zizolowezi Zogonana. American Society of Addiction Medicine amavomereza kusagwirizana ndi DSM
- Kodi Mumakopeka ndi Zolaula? Funsani ASAM. Ogwiritsira ntchito zithunzi akufotokoza zomwe zimakonda kuti azigwedezeka
Zotsatirazi ndichidule changa cha zifukwa zazikulu zokhudzana ndi zolaula:
- Kuledzera ndi "matenda" amodzi kapena amayamba chifukwa cha mankhwala kapena makhalidwe.
- Makhalidwe ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha kusintha zomwe zimatha kusintha magawo amodzi mu neural circry: chidwi, kusinthika kwa preartal circry, kusinthika kwa machitidwe osokoneza bongo komanso kukhumudwitsa ena.
- "Kupitiliza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosasamala kanthu za zovuta zoyipa" kumawonetsa kusintha kwa ubongo pamwambapa. Kuledzera sikusankha. Makhalidwe osokoneza bongo ndi chiwonetsero cha matenda, osati chifukwa.
- Imathetsa kusiyana pakati pa “kukakamizidwa” kapena kukakamizidwa.
- Kuledzeretsa ndimatenda oyambilira - mwa kuyankhula kwina, sikuti zimachitika chifukwa cha mavuto amisala monga kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro kapena umunthu, kuyika malingaliro ena ambiri oti zizolowezi zosokoneza bongo ndi mtundu wa "kudzichiritsa", kuti, muchepetse ululu kukhumudwa kapena kuda nkhawa.
Tanthauzo latsopano la ASAM silitchula za chizolowezi cha zolaula pa intaneti, kapena kusiyanitsa ndi chizolowezi chogonana (chomwe chimatchulidwa kangapo). Mwachionekere, mawu a mfundo sangathe kufotokoza chilichonse, koma n'zoonekeratu kuti chizolowezi cha zolaula pa intaneti chimakhudza gulu lalikulu kwambiri kuposa chizolowezi chogonana. Kugonana ndi mphotho yachilengedwe yomwe yakhalapo kwamuyaya, pomwe zolaula pa intaneti, monga zakudya zopanda thanzi, ndi mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wa mphotho yachilengedwe (onani Zolaula Panthawi Imeneyi ndi Tsopano: Takulandirani ku Maphunziro a Ubongo ndi Makhalidwe Oledzeretsa: 300 Vaginas = Dopamine Yambiri ).
Tiyeni tiwone mafunso atatu ochokera ku ASAM okhudzana ndi kugonana komanso zolaula. Funso loyambali likuwonekeratu kuti zosokoneza bongo zonse zimagawana kusintha kwa ubongo, komwe kumawoneka ngati zizolowezi zina komanso zizindikiritso zamaganizidwe.
FUNSO: Nchiyani chosiyana ndi tanthauzo latsopanoli?
MAYANKHO:
Cholinga cha m'mbuyomo chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zoledzera, monga mowa, heroin, chamba, kapena cocaine. Tanthauzo latsopanoli likuwonekeratu kuti kuledzeretsa sikuli za mankhwala, ndi za ubongo. Sizinthu zomwe munthu amagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osokoneza; sizili ngakhale kuchuluka kwa ntchito kapena kawirikawiri. Kuledzeretsa ndi zomwe zimachitika mu ubongo wa munthu pamene akupeza zinthu zopindulitsa kapena makhalidwe opindulitsa, ndipo zimaphatikizapo zowonjezera mphoto mu ubongo ndi zogwirizana ndi ubongo kusiyana ndi mankhwala ena kapena khalidwe lomwe "limapereka" mphoto oyang'anira.
Mawu abwino kwambiri - "Chizolowezi chimatanthauza zomwe zimachitika muubongo wa munthu." Kodi tanena kangati izi? Tanthauzoli likugogomezera kuti si mtundu kapena kuchuluka kwa chilimbikitso, koma zotsatira za chilimbikitsocho. Mwachidule, makhalidwe ndi zizindikiro zomwe anthu onse omwe ali ndi vutoli amagawana zimasonyezanso kusintha kwa ubongo komwe kumachitika. (Tengani mafunso awa kuti muwone ngati njira yoledzera ikugwira ntchito muubongo wanu.)
Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti si vuto la makhalidwe abwino, monga momwe zililinso ndi kumwa cocaine kapena kusuta fodya. Zonsezi ndi nkhani zaumoyo zomwe zimakhudza kapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a ubongo. Kusintha kwa ubongo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mphotho zachilengedwe kwafotokozedwa m'nkhani izi: Kutha kwa Mkangano wa Zolaula? ndi Nkhani Zoopsa kwa Ogwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula: Kusuta pa Intaneti Kuwononga Ubongo.
Mafunso awiri otsatirawa akuyankha za kugonana ndi zoledzera.
FUNSO: Kutanthauzira kwatsopano kumeneku kumatanthauza kuledzera kumatchova, chakudya, ndi chiwerewere. Kodi ASAM amakhulupiriradi kuti chakudya ndi kugonana ndizovuta?
MAYANKHO:
Kuzoloŵera njuga kwatchulidwa bwino mu mabuku a sayansi kwazaka makumi angapo. Ndipotu, kusindikizidwa kwatsopano kwa DSM (DSM-V) kudzatulutsa vuto lakutchova njuga m'gawo lomwelo ndi mavuto osokoneza bongo.
Kutanthauzira kwatsopano kwa ASAM kumapangitsa kuchoka ku kulinganitsa zowonongeka ndi kudalira kwathunthu, pofotokozera momwe kuledzera kumagwirizananso ndi makhalidwe omwe ali opindulitsa. Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba yomwe ASAM yakhala ndi udindo wovomerezeka sikuti ndi "kudalira kwathunthu."
Tsatanetsatane iyi imanena kuti kuledzera ndikumagwira ntchito ndi maubongo a ubongo ndi momwe kapangidwe ka ntchito ya ubongo wa anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi choledzeretsa amasiyana ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi ubongo wa anthu omwe alibe chizolowezi choledzera. Zimakamba za madera ozungulira mu ubongo ndi ozungulira oyendayenda, koma kutsindika sikuli pa mphotho zakunja zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa mphoto. Chakudya ndi khalidwe la kugonana ndikutchova njuga zikhalidwe zingathe kugwirizanitsidwa ndi "kufunafuna malipiro" omwe akufotokozedwa mu ndondomeko yatsopano ya chizoloŵezi.
FUNSO: Ndani ali ndi chizolowezi cha zakudya kapena chizolowezi chogonana?
MAYANKHO:
Tonsefe tili ndi ubongo wopereka mphoto zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugonana ndi kugonana kulipindule. Ndipotu, izi ndizopulumuka. Mu ubongo wathanzi, izi mphotho ziri ndi njira zowonetsera zogonana kapena 'zokwanira.' Kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi chizolowezi choyendetsa bwalo, maofesiwa amakhala osayenera kotero kuti uthenga kwa munthuyo umakhala 'wochulukirapo,' zomwe zimayambitsa zofuna zapadera ndi / kapena chithandizo mwa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu ndi makhalidwe.
ASAM siingathe kumveka bwino. Chizolowezi chogonana chilipo, ndipo chimayambitsidwa ndi kusintha kofanana kwa kapangidwe ka ubongo ndi kagwiridwe kake ka thupi monga momwe zimakhalira ndi zizolowezi zogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Izi ndizomveka bwino chifukwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo sachita chilichonse koma amawonjezera kapena kuchepetsa ntchito zachibadwa za thupi. Amalanda ma neural circuits kuti alandire mphotho zachilengedwe, kotero ziyenera kuonekeratu kuti mitundu yowonjezereka ya mphotho zachilengedwe imathanso kulanda ma circuits amenewo.
ASAM yasankha kufalitsa tanthauzo latsopanoli chifukwa umboni wowonjezereka wochokera ku sayansi ya ubongo wokhudzana ndi chizolowezi umangopereka lingaliro limodzi lokha. Masamba otsatirawa akuyimira zitsanzo za kafukufuku wokhudza chizolowezi chachilengedwe: Kusuta kwa Masewera a Pa intaneti ndi Pakanema, Kusuta Chakudya, ndi Kutchova Njuga.
Tanthauzo latsopano la ASAM latsimikizira zomwe asayansi a ubongo ndi akatswiri ambiri okonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ankadziwa kale: Mphoto zachilengedwe zingayambitse chizolowezi. Chomwe chikusowa ndi kukambirana za kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti komanso chizolowezi. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti ndikothekera kwambiri kuyambitsa chizolowezi kuposa khalidwe la Tiger Wood.
Buku latsopano la David Linden lakuti “The Compass of Pleasure” limafotokoza kuti chizolowezi sichikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi kukula kwa dopamine. Mwachitsanzo, ndudu zimakoka pafupifupi 80% ya omwe amayesa, pomwe heroin imakoka ochepa chabe a ogwiritsa ntchito. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chizolowezicho chimaphunzira , ndipo osuta nthawi zonse amaphunzitsa ubongo wawo ndi "mphoto" zochepa za dopamine. Ogwiritsa ntchito heroin amalandira "maphunziro" amphamvu kwambiri a neurochemical, koma ochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake heroin imakoka anthu ochepa. Omwe amagonana ndi anthu enieni (ndi okondedwa awo enieni), monga ogwiritsa ntchito heroin, nthawi zambiri sangalandire "makonzedwe" opanda malire. Angakhalenso ndi miyambo yolimbikitsa kwambiri, yosiyana ndi heroin, kapena ena, omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kuli ngati kusuta chifukwa chithunzi chilichonse chatsopano chimapereka dopamine yochepa. Monga momwe ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri amawonera zithunzi/mavidiyo ambiri, nthawi zambiri tsiku lililonse, amaphunzitsa ubongo wawo pafupipafupi, monga momwe osuta amachitira. Monga momwe tafotokozera mu Porn, Novelty, ndi Coolidge effect, zachilendo zopanda malire zimawalola kugonjetsa kukhuta kwachibadwa. Kuphatikiza apo, makhalidwe enieni a zolaula pa intaneti amakhudza dopamine m'njira zomwe chizolowezi chogonana sichingafanane nazo, onani Porn Then and Now: Takulandirani ku Brain Training.
Mwanjira ina, sikuti kuphulika kwamankhwala am'magazi komwe kumapangitsa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti, ngakhale kuti mphotho zaphokoso zampweya zimalimbikitsanso kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula. Chifukwa chake, zolaula za pa intaneti sizongokhala "chizolowezi chogonana." Imabera madera ozungulira okhudzana ndi majini athu: kubereka-makamaka, pulogalamu yowonjezerapo mphotho poyankha omwe amacheza nawo. Zonsezi ndizofanana ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito kanema pa intaneti komanso ngati bongo.
Mwachidule, zikutheka kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo angakhale ochepa kwambiri popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Ngakhale kugwiritsira ntchito maliseche (popanda zolaula) kungakhale kusokoneza kugonana komanso zosavomerezeka, zolaula pa intaneti ndi zosiyana-siyana komanso zowonongeka kwambiri.
Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, kusuta kwa intaneti pakati pa achinyamata ku Hungary ndi China wopanda zolaula pa intaneti kuli pa 18% ndi 14% motsatana. (Onani "Chitsimikiziro cha 'Zinthu Zitatu Zovuta Kugwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti pa Offline Adolescent and Adult Samples" ndi "Microstructure Abnormalities in Adolescents with Internet Addiction Disorder.") Poyerekeza kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwambiri, kusuta kwa zakudya kumaima pa 30 +% ku States . Kodi kuchuluka kwa zolaula pa intaneti kungakhale kwakukulu kuposa momwe timakhulupirira chifukwa chalingaliro lathu loti "ayenera" kuchuluka kwachiwerewere?