Zovuta pakugonana komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mokakamiza. Chifukwa chiyani ndipo zotsatira zake ndi zotani? (2020)

Ndemanga ya YBOP: Dr. Ewelina Kowalewska's dissertation idaphatikizansopo zingapo zofunika zomwe zapezedwa pamavuto ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (PPU). Pansi pa Abstract, mutha kupeza ndemanga zake zonse, koma nazi zina mwazolembazo.

ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI:

- Mu 17.9% ya amuna mu gulu la PPU, kugonana kumawonjezera zolaula ndi maliseche, pamene mu gulu lolamulira chiwerengero chinali 4.3%. (Chaser Effect?)
 
- Kafukufukuyu adakhudza 193 PPU omwe adalengeza kuti akufuna kuchepetsa kapena kusiya kuonera zolaula. Ma PPU onse adakumana ndi vuto lodziletsa pakugonana kwawo, 36.8% yaiwo adalandira thandizo pazovuta zakugonana, ndipo theka (50.3%) adalengeza kuti amapewa kuchita nawo zachiwerewere chifukwa chamavuto omwe amawaganizira. Ndinafanizira machitidwe ogonana a anthu a PPU ndi gulu lolamulira la ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za 112 omwe sanakumanepo ndi chidziwitso cha kutaya mphamvu pa khalidwe lawo logonana.
 
- Makhalidwe ovuta kwambiri ogonana pakati pa PPU anali kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso, kuseweretsa maliseche mokakamiza, komanso kuganiza mozama za kugonana.
 
- Avereji ya kugonana kochitidwa ndi omwe adachita nawo mwezi umodzi phunziroli lisanachitike linali lotsika kwambiri mu PPU kuposa gulu lolamulira.
 
- Panalibe kusiyana pakati pa magulu okhudzana ndi ubale / ukwati, kotero kusiyana kumeneku kwa mitundu yogonana si chifukwa chakuti pali osakwatiwa ambiri pakati pa PPU kusiyana ndi maulamuliro.
 
- Pakati pa onse omwe anali paubwenzi pa nthawi ya kafukufukuyu, abambo a gulu la PPU sanakhutitsidwe kwenikweni ndi momwe amagonana ndi maubwenzi awo ndipo adawona kuti mnzawo akukhutitsidwa pogonana pamodzi ndi otsika.
 
- PPU adathera nthawi yochuluka pa zolaula (pa intaneti, TV kapena nyuzipepala) monga amuna omwe ali mu gulu lolamulira (267.85 vs. 139.65 mphindi pa sabata). Kutalika kwa nthawi imodzi ya zolaula mu gulu la PPU kunali maminiti a 54.51, ndi maminiti a 36.31 mu gulu lolamulira. Zotsatirazi ndizosangalatsa chifukwa, malinga ndi PornHub.com kuphatikizira kwa data mwachidule zowonera zolaula mu 2019, nthawi yayitali ya gawo limodzi ku Poland inali mphindi 10 masekondi 3.
 
- Kusintha komwe kumawonekera pafupipafupi kwa zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazaka zambiri komanso kukwera kwa zinthu zochulukirachulukira kumawonekera m'maphunziro onse, koma mokulira mu PPU.
 
- Mfundo yomwe nthawi zambiri zolaula zolaula zinayamba kusiyanitsa pakati pa magulu anali ndi zaka 15. Panthawi imeneyi ya moyo, ma PPU anayamba kufika kuzinthu zolaula ndi kuwonjezeka kwafupipafupi, pamene amuna omwe ali mu gulu lolamulira nthawi zambiri amamwa mowa. wokhazikika.
 
- Kukhala ndi zizindikiro zosasangalatsa zosiya zolaula kunachitika mokulira mu PPU kuposa gulu lolamulira. Ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe ali ndi vuto adakumana ndi kuwonjezereka kwa nkhawa akamapuma pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kuda nkhawa kwambiri, kuchepa kwamalingaliro komanso kuchepa kwa libido. Kuonjezera apo, pafupifupi theka la ma PPU adakhala ndi chikhumbo champhamvu chowonera zolaula
 

Kudalirika

Cholinga cha dissertation iyi chinali kudziwa, kutengera chidziwitso champhamvu, zomwe zimasiyanitsa zolaula zolaula (PPU) ndi anthu omwe sakukumana ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi zolaula. Ntchito zomwe zafotokozedwa m'bukuli zidachitika m'magawo atatu. Choyamba, ndinapanga kusintha kwa Chipolishi ndikutsimikizira zida ziwiri zama psychometric kuyeza kuopsa kwa khalidwe lachiwerewere: Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (Study 1a) ndi Sexual Addiction Screening Testing - Revised (Study 1b), komanso chitukuko cha Zithunzi Zachidule Zolaula. Screen (Phunziro 1c) - funso lalifupi loyezera zizindikiro za PPU. Kuwunika kwa Psychometric ndi classification kunawonetsa zokhutiritsa zama psychometric m'mafunso a chilankhulo cha Chipolishi, ndikuwonetsa kuti atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi asing'anga onse kuti azindikire zomwe zimachitika pakugonana komanso asayansi kuti aphunzire mutuwu. Pambuyo pake, ndinayamba kusanthula deta yaumwini kuchokera kwa anthu a 230 omwe amadzizindikiritsa kuti ndi PPU (Phunziro 2). Deta iyi idawunikidwa malinga ndi kutsimikizira kwa magulu asanu a zizindikiro za PPU (mwachitsanzo, kusokonezeka kwa kugonana, kulolerana kowonjezereka kapena kukwera pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kupewa zolaula, mbali za machitidwe a ubale, ndi zizindikiro zosakhudzana ndi kugonana) zinakhazikitsidwa. Zotsatira za kafukufuku wodzipangira okha zinawonetsa kuti PPU ikukumana ndi vuto la erectile, kuchepa kwa libido, kuwonjezeka kwa zolaula zomwe zimawonedwa mpaka kudzutsa kwambiri, komanso kutuluka kwa chiwerewere. zokonda zatsopano zomwe poyamba zinali zosasangalatsa kapena zosagwirizana ndi zomwe timakonda pogonana. Lililonse lazodziwonetsa liri ndi chidziwitso pa (kudziwonera) za kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito panthawi yopewa zolaula. Kusanthula kwa detayi kukuwonetsa kuchepa kwa kuopsa kwa vuto la erectile pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe asiya kuonera zolaula. Pomaliza (Phunziro 3), kutengera zotsatira za kusanthula kwa data, ndidayesa kutsimikizira mwadongosolo kuti ndi zovuta zotani pakuchita zogonana (ndi okondedwa komanso panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi), komanso malingaliro ndi ubale (zokonda zogonana, malingaliro kuwongolera moyo wamunthu wogonana, pafupipafupi komanso momwe amagwiritsira ntchito zolaula; kukhutitsidwa ndi ubale ndi okondedwa) kusiyanitsa anthu omwe ali ndi PPU kuchokera kugulu lowongolera (omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula mosangalala komanso osakumana ndi PPU) pakukulitsa kafukufuku wasayansi kuti ayeze zosinthika zomwe zingatheke. Zomwe zimapangidwira ku PPU (mwachitsanzo, zaka zomwe zimayambira kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kugonana, khalidwe lachidziwitso choyamba chogonana, chikhalidwe cha ubale, etc.). Zotsatira za Phunziro 3 sizinawonetse kusiyana pakati pa magulu malinga ndi zaka zapakati pa kuyambika kwa zolaula zolaula, zaka zapakati pa kugonana, chikhalidwe chaubwenzi, kapena kubwerezabwerezabwereza kwa machitidwe a autoerotic (kuseweretsa maliseche) ndi zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nthawi: mpaka zaka 15 ndi pambuyo pa zaka 30. Komabe, omwe adapanga PPU adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri kuposa gulu lolamulira kuyambira zaka 15 mpaka 30, ndipo kuwunika koyamba kugonana ndi bwenzi komanso kuchuluka kwa kugonana kotereku kunali kocheperako. Gulu la PPU poyerekeza ndi zowongolera, zonse m'malipoti am'mbuyo komanso zokhudzana ndi moyo wakugonana wapano.
 
Pomaliza, zomwe ndasonkhanitsa zikuwonetsa kulumikizana pakati pazizindikiro zomwe zimanenedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta komanso zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesa kuopsa kwa khalidwe lachiwerewere, lopangidwa mu Studies 1a, 1b ndi 1c. kafukufukuyu akukambidwa mwatsatanetsatane mu gawo lomaliza la bukuli, kuwonetsa kufunikira kwawo kuti amvetsetse bwino za Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) - gawo latsopano la nosological lomwe likuphatikizidwa mu 2019 ndi World Health Organisation mpaka kope lomwe likubwera la 11th. InternationalClassification of Diseases (ICD-11), yomwe idzawonekere mu 2021. Ntchito yanga ikuwonetseratu zofunikira za PPU zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa panthawi ya ntchito yachipatala ndi matenda ndi anthu omwe ali ndiCSBD.
 
Keywords: matenda okhudzana ndi kugonana, kusokoneza kugonana, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta, kusokoneza kugonana

Ndemanga zonse za ofufuza:

Ndidachita kuwunika kwanga kutengera ziganizo zoyambira zomwe zidapangidwa molingana ndi miyeso isanu ndi umodzi:

1.) chilakolako chofuna kugonana komanso kudziletsa pa moyo wa kugonana

2.) Kugonana muubwenzi

3.) kukhutitsidwa ndi ubale

4.) pafupipafupi ndi machitidwe a zolaula amagwiritsa ntchito

5.) Kugonana panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi

6.) kukanika kugonana

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa deta yomwe yapezeka mu kafukufukuyu, ndidzipatula ku zotsatira zoyenera kwambiri. Kafukufukuyu adakhudza 193 PPU omwe adalengeza kuti akufuna kuchepetsa kapena kusiya kuonera zolaula. Ma PPU onse adakumana ndi vuto lodziletsa pakugonana kwawo, 36.8% yaiwo adalandira thandizo pazovuta zakugonana, ndipo theka (50.3%) adalengeza kuti amapewa kuchita nawo zachiwerewere chifukwa chamavuto omwe amawaganizira. Ndinafanizira machitidwe ogonana a anthu a PPU ndi gulu lolamulira la ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za 112 omwe sanakumanepo ndi chidziwitso cha kutaya mphamvu pa khalidwe lawo logonana.

Kukonda kugonana komanso kukhala ndi ulamuliro pa moyo wa kugonana

  • Makhalidwe ovuta kwambiri ogonana pakati pa PPU anali kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso, kuseweretsa maliseche mokakamiza, komanso kuganiza mozama za kugonana.
  • Kulephera kudziletsa sikungokhala mbali imodzi - opitilira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ma PPU adalephera kuwongolera machitidwe atatu ogonana.
  • PPU (poyerekeza ndi zowongolera) idapeza zambiri pamafunso oyesa CSBD (HBI, SAST-R, BPS).

Kugonana muubwenzi

  • PPU idanenanso kukhutitsidwa kochepa ndi kugonana kwawo koyamba ndi mnzake poyerekeza ndi gulu lowongolera.
  • Pakati pa PPU, kuseweretsa maliseche kunali kofala kwambiri pakugonana, pamene amuna olamulira, kugonana kwa ukazi kumakhala kolamulirika, kutsatiridwa ndi kuseweretsa maliseche.
  • Avereji ya kugonana kochitidwa ndi omwe adachita nawo mwezi umodzi phunziroli lisanachitike linali lotsika kwambiri mu PPU kuposa gulu lolamulira.
  • Panalibe kusiyana pakati pa magulu pa maubwenzi / chikhalidwe chaukwati, kotero kusiyana kumeneku kwa mitundu yogonana sikuli chifukwa chakuti pali osakwatiwa ambiri pakati pa PPU kusiyana ndi pakati pa maulamuliro. Titha kuganiziridwa kuti zomwe zimachitika koyamba pakugonana kwa okondedwa sizikhala zosangalatsa mu gulu la PPU ndipo, chifukwa chake, yesetsani kuyesa kaŵirikaŵiri kugonana kotsatira. Kulephera kungapangitse amuna kuwonera zolaula ndi kuseweretsa maliseche, zomwe pamodzi zimapereka njira yofulumira yothetsera mavuto (kugonana ndi osagonana). Kumbali inayi, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula movutikira musanayambe kugonana kungapangitse kuti kugonana sikukhale kolimbikitsa mokwanira kuti munthu apeze chisangalalo chofanana ndi nthawi yoseweretsa maliseche ndi zolaula.
  • Mu PPU, kuchepa kwa chisangalalo cha kugonana kuyambira chiyambi cha zolaula kunali kwakukulu kwambiri kusiyana ndi kulamulira kwa amuna.

Kukhutira ndi ubale wa okondedwa

  • Pakati pa onse omwe anali paubwenzi pa nthawi ya kafukufukuyu, abambo a gulu la PPU sanakhutitsidwe kwenikweni ndi momwe amagonana ndi maubwenzi awo ndipo adawona kuti mnzawo akukhutitsidwa pogonana pamodzi ndi otsika.
  • Pankhani yokhutira ndi kugonana, zikuwonekanso zosangalatsa kuti mu 17.9% ya amuna omwe ali mu gulu la PPU, kugonana kumawonjezera zolaula ndi maliseche, pamene mu gulu lolamulira chiwerengerocho chinali 4.3%. Pankhani ya PPU, kugonana ndi mnzanu mwina sikukukwaniritsa mokwanira, kuwapereka kuti apitirize kufunafuna kukhutitsidwa ndi zolaula, kapena kugonana kungakhale ngati njira yothetsera malingaliro kapena kupsinjika maganizo, komanso pakakhala kuuma kwakukulu kwa izi. zinthu pa nthawi iliyonse, kugonana kwa okondedwa kokha sikukwanira, ndipo zolaula ndi njira yofikira mosavuta yopitirizira njira yothetsera vutoli.
  • 75% ya PPU ndi 42.6% ya amuna omwe ali mu gulu lowongolera amakhala akuwonera zinthu zomwe sangafune kuwonetsa kwa anzawo.
  • 8% ya ma PPU ndi 51.1% ya anthu owongolera adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi anzawo.

Kuchulukirachulukira komanso machitidwe akugwiritsa ntchito zolaula

  • Pafupifupi theka la PPU linanena kuti likufikira zolaula kanayi pa sabata kapena nthawi zambiri (poyerekeza ndi 26.6% ya anthu olamulira).
  • Mu sabata isanafike pomaliza kafukufukuyu, ma PPU adathera nthawi yochuluka pa zolaula (pa intaneti, TV kapena nyuzipepala) monga amuna omwe ali mu gulu lolamulira (267.85 vs. 139.65 mphindi pa sabata), ndipo anali pafupifupi kawiri. amadya zolaula pa sabata mwezi watha.
  • Kutalika kwa nthawi imodzi ya zolaula mu gulu la PPU kunali maminiti a 54.51, ndi maminiti a 36.31 mu gulu lolamulira. Zotsatirazi ndizosangalatsa chifukwa, malinga ndi PornHub.com kuphatikizira kwa data mwachidule zowonera zolaula mu 2019, nthawi yayitali ya gawo limodzi ku Poland inali mphindi 10 masekondi 3.
  • Otenga nawo mbali adawona kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa zolaula zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito pazaka zambiri komanso kukwera kwa zinthu zochulukirachulukira kumawonekera m'maphunziro onse, koma mokulira mu PPU. Kupititsa patsogolo kwa PPU kunatsimikiziridwa ndikuwunika mbiri ya zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa moyo wonse. Zinapezeka kuti nthawi yomwe nthawi zambiri zolaula zolaula zinayamba kusiyanitsa pakati pa magulu anali ndi zaka 15. Panthawi imeneyi ya moyo, PPU inayamba kufika kuzinthu zolaula ndi kuwonjezereka kwafupipafupi, pamene amuna omwe ali mu gulu lolamulira nthawi zambiri amapita. Kumwa komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kunakhalabe kokhazikika.
  • Kukhala ndi zizindikiro zosasangalatsa zosiya zolaula kunachitika mokulira mu PPU kuposa gulu lolamulira. Zambiri mwazizindikiro zomwe zidachitikazo zinali zogwirizana ndi zotsatira za kusanthula kwa malipoti omwe adachitika ngati gawo la Phunziro 2 (MAUmboni). Mogwirizana ndi zofanana zomwe zidatengedwa, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zovuta adakumana ndi nkhawa pakupuma pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kuda nkhawa kwambiri, kuchepa kwamalingaliro komanso kuchepa kwa libido. Kuonjezera apo, pafupifupi theka la ma PPU anali ndi chikhumbo champhamvu chowonera zolaula, zomwe pamapeto pake zingayambitse kuyambiranso kwa anthu omwe amayesa kusiya zolaula.

Kugonana panthawi ya machitidwe a autoerotic

  • Zochita za autoerotic zidachitika pafupipafupi mu gulu la PPU. Izi zimagwira ntchito sabata yonse isanachitike kafukufuku, mwezi watha, komanso kuchuluka kwa kuseweretsa maliseche patsiku.
  • Makhalidwe odziyimira pawokha omwe amawonedwa akuwonera zolaula anali okhudzana ndi chisangalalo chomwe chimawoneka ngati kuseweretsa maliseche pazinthu zolaula.
  • Ma PPU, nthawi zambiri kuposa maphunziro olamulira, anali ndi kukakamiza kwakukulu / chilakolako chodziseweretsa maliseche, ndipo kuuma kwake kunali kwakukulu mu ma PPU onse popanda komanso akuwonera zolaula.

Zoipa zogonana

Ndinagwiritsa ntchito zina mwazogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zomwe zadziwika mu Phunziro 2 ndi 3 kuti ndiyambe kupanga ma subscales atatu. Aliyense wa iwo, pambuyo kuunika, ali ndi zokhutiritsa psychometric katundu.

  1. Zovuta Zogwiritsa Ntchito

Subscale ili ndi zinthu zoyesa 10 zofotokoza zochitika zokhudzana ndi zolaula m'mwezi wapitawu, pomwe wophunzirayo amatchula pamlingo wa 6-point (0 - ayi, 1 - ayi, 2 - kawirikawiri, 3 - nthawi zina, 4 - nthawi zambiri, 5 - nthawi zonse). Kuchuluka kwa ziwerengero zomwe zingatheke pa subscale iyi ndizochokera ku 0 mpaka 50, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero pa sikelo, kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi wolephera kulamulira zolaula.

  1. Kusokonekera kwa Erectile

Subscale ili ndi zinthu 9 zoyeserera zolembera zokhudzana ndi zovuta zomwe zingatheke kupeza ndi/kapena kusunga erection, zina zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Monga momwe zilili ndi PPU subscale, wophunzirayo akufunsidwa kuti ayankhe mawu aliwonse pamlingo wa 6-point poganizira mwezi watha. Kuchuluka kwazomwe zingatheke pa subscale ndi kuchokera ku 0 kufika ku 45, ndi chiwerengero chachikulu chosonyeza kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa kugonana pambuyo pogwiritsira ntchito zolaula zovuta.

  1. Orgasmic Dysfunction

Gawo laling'onoli lili ndi mawu 7 ofotokoza zochitika zomwe zovuta za orgasm zimatha (kapena ayi). Zinthu zina zimafotokoza zochitika zokhudzana ndi zolaula. Ndi mwezi watha m'maganizo, wophunzirayo akuyankha mawu aliwonse pamlingo wa 6 (womwe umagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu Problematic subscale ya Zolaula Zogwiritsa Ntchito ndi Erectile Dysfunction), wokhoza kuwerengera kuchokera ku 0 mpaka 35. Kuchuluka kwapamwamba, ndikokulirapo. kuopsa kwa zovuta za orgasmic.

  • Mu gulu la PPU, Zolaula Zovuta Zogwiritsa Ntchito subscale zimagwirizana bwino ndi mafunso okhudza kuchuluka kwa zolaula zolaula, kuphatikizapo: pafupipafupi zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chaka chatha, kuchuluka kwa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zolaula mu sabata yatha, nthawi yapakati pa nthawi imodzi ya zolaula. m'mwezi watha, nthawi zambiri zolaula zowonera pa nthawi ya kuopsa kwa chizindikiro, nthawi yayitali ya gawo limodzi panthawi ya kuopsa kwa chizindikiro, maola ochuluka omwe amathera kuwonera zolaula tsiku ndi tsiku, kusintha kwafupipafupi kwa zolaula kumagwiritsa ntchito zaka, ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe amathera pa sabata kuwononga zolaula. Mu gulu lolamulira, malumikizano omwe ali pamwambawa anali otsika ndipo sanaphatikizepo mafunso onse omwe ali pamwambapa.
  • M'magulu onse ophunzirira, zambiri pa Zolaula Zovuta Gwiritsani ntchito subscale yolumikizidwa bwino ndi zida zama psychometric zoyesa kuopsa kwa khalidwe lokakamiza logonana, mwachitsanzo, HBI, SAST-R, BPS.
  • Komanso, mu PPU, zambiri pa Zolaula Zovuta Zogwiritsa Ntchito subscale zinali zogwirizana ndi "Replacement Arousal" subscale (Sexual Arousability Questionnaire), komanso chiwerengero chonse pafunso loyesa miyeso ya 12 ya kugonana (Mafunso Ambiri Ogonana) ndi magawo ake atatu, mwachitsanzo, Kutanganidwa ndi Kugonana, Nkhawa Zokhudza Kugonana, Kukhumudwa pakugonana.
  • Kulumikizana kumodzi komwe kumadziwika ndi Erectile Dysfunction subscale ndi Orgasmic Dysfunction subscale ndi yofooka mokwanira kuti isapereke maziko owerengera.
  • Gulu la PPU lidachita bwino kwambiri kuposa gulu lolamulira pagawo lililonse lomwe langopangidwa kumene, koma kusiyana kwa Orgasmic Disorders subscale sikunali kofunikira.