ScienceDaily (Julayi 17, 2012) — Mwachidziwitso, n'zomveka: kuwonetsedwa ndi zinthu zogonana m'mafilimu ali aang'ono mwina kumakhudza khalidwe la kugonana la achinyamata. Komabe, ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza kuti achinyamata omwe amaonera zinthu zoopsa kwambiri m'mafilimu otchuka, monga kumwa mowa kapena kusuta fodya, amakhala ndi mwayi womwa mowa ndi kusuta okha, modabwitsa kafukufuku wochepa sanafufuze ngati mafilimu amakhudza khalidwe la kugonana la achinyamata.
Mpaka pano.
Kwa zaka zoposa zisanu ndi chimodzi, asayansi akuganiza kuti ngati akuwona kapena kugonana pachiwonetsero chachikulu amatanthawuza kugonana mudziko lenileni kwa achinyamata. Zomwe anapeza, zomwe ziyenera kufalitsidwa mu Psychological Science, nyuzipepala ya Association for Psychological Science, zinawulula osati kuti ndizo zomwe adazichita komanso zinafotokozera zifukwa zina.
"Kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza kuti malingaliro achichepere pakugonana amatengera zomwe atolankhani amachita," akutero a Ross O'Hara, omwe pano ndi omwe adachita ukadaulo ku University of Missouri, omwe adachita kafukufukuyu ndi asayansi ena azamaganizidwe pomwe anali ku Dartmouth College. "Koma gawo la makanema lanyalanyazidwa pang'ono, ngakhale ena apeza kuti makanema ndiwofunika kwambiri kuposa TV kapena nyimbo."
Asanatenge nawo ophunzira nawo kafukufukuyu, O'Hara ndi omwe adafufuza nawo adasanthula makanema odziwika bwino okwanira 684 kuyambira 1998 mpaka 2004. Adalemba makanema pamasekondi azakugonana, monga kupsompsonana kwambiri kapena kugonana. Ntchitoyi idapangidwa pakuwunika kwam'mbuyomu kwamakanema kuyambira 1950 mpaka 2006 omwe adapeza kuti opitilira 84% amakanemawa anali ndi zolaula, kuphatikiza 68% ya G adavotera makanema, 82% ya makanema a PG ndi 85% ya makanema a PG-13. Mafilimu ambiri aposachedwa sakusonyeza kugonana kotetezeka, osatchulapo kwenikweni zakugwiritsa ntchito njira zolerera.
Ochita kafukufuku adayitanitsa otsogolera a 1,228 omwe anali ochokera ku 12 mpaka zaka za 14. Wophunzira aliyense akuwonetsa mafilimu omwe adawawona kuchokera kumagulu angapo osiyana omwe anasankhidwa mosankhidwa. Patatha zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, ophunzirawo anafunsidwa kuti adziwe kuti anali ndi zaka zingati pamene anayamba kugonana komanso kuti chikhalidwe chawo chogonana chikanakhala choopsa bwanji. Kodi agwiritsira ntchito makondomu nthawi zonse? Kodi anali amodzi okha kapena anali ndi zibwenzi zambiri?
"Achinyamata omwe amakhala ndi zachiwerewere zambiri m'mafilimu amayamba kugonana akadali aang'ono, amakhala ndi zibwenzi zambiri, ndipo samakonda kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu ndi omwe amagonana nawo mwachisawawa," a O'Hara adalongosola.
Chifukwa chiyani makanema ali ndi zotsatirapo izi kwa achinyamata? Ofufuzawa adasanthula udindo wamakhalidwe omwe amadziwika kuti kufunafuna chidwi. Imodzi mwangozi zazikulu zaunyamata, ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi chidwi chofuna chidwi. Pakati pa zaka khumi mpaka khumi ndi zisanu, chizolowezi chofunafuna zochulukirapo komanso zolimbikitsa zamitundu yonse chimakwera. Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni amtchire aunyamata kumapangitsa kuganiza mwanzeru kukhala kovuta kwambiri.
O'Hara ndi anzawo adapeza kuti kuwonetsa zambiri zakugonana m'mafilimu akadali achichepere kunadzetsa chiwongola dzanja chachikulu pakufuna msinkhu wachinyamata. Zotsatira zake, chidwi chofuna kuchita zachiwerewere chimatha kukhala mpaka azaka zapakati pa XNUMX komanso ngakhale zaka makumi awiri zoyambilira ngati achinyamata atakumana ndi makanema amtunduwu. Koma ochita kafukufuku akuti kuwonetsa zakugonana m'mafilimu kumapangitsa chidwi chazonse chifukwa cha biology komanso momwe anyamata ndi atsikana amacheza.
"Makanema awa amawoneka kuti amakhudza kwambiri umunthu wawo chifukwa cha kusintha kosangalatsa," akutero O'Hara, "Zomwe zimawakhudza kwambiri pamakhalidwe awo onse oika pachiwopsezo."
Koma kufunafuna chidwi sikunafotokoze izi; ochita kafukufukuwa amanenanso kuti achinyamata amaphunzira machitidwe ena kuchokera pazogonana m'mafilimu. Achinyamata ambiri amatembenukira kumakanema kuti apeze "zolemba zogonana" zomwe zimapereka zitsanzo za momwe angakhalire akakumana ndi zovuta pamalingaliro. Kwa 57 peresenti ya achinyamata aku America azaka zapakati pa 14 ndi 16, atolankhani ndiye gwero lawo lalikulu kwambiri lazidziwitso zakugonana. Nthawi zambiri samasiyanitsa zomwe amawona pazenera ndi zomwe amayenera kukumana nazo tsiku ndi tsiku.
Ofufuzawo akuti ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kafukufukuyu sangatanthauze zomwe zimachitika pakanema pazakugonana. Ngakhale zili choncho, O'Hara akuti, "Kafukufukuyu, komanso momwe zimachitikira ndi ntchito zina, zikuwonetsa kuti makolo ayenera kuletsa ana awo kuti asawone zolaula m'mafilimu akadali achichepere
Mutu wa Nkhani: Nkhani yomwe ili pamwambayi imatchulidwanso kuchokera ku zipangizo zoperekedwa ndi Association of Psychological Science.
Journal Lembani:
1.O'Hara et al. Kuwonetseratu Kwambiri Kugonana mu Mafilimu Ambiri Amatchulidwa Poyambirira Kugonana ndi Kuwonjezeka kwa Kugonana Kwachiwerewere. Psychological Science, 2012
Association for Psychological Science (2012, July 17). Kuwonetsera ku zochitika zogonana m'mafilimu otchuka kumalosera khalidwe la kugonana muunyamata. Sayansi.
Kuwonetseratu zachiwerewere m'mafilimu otchuka kumalosera kugonana koyambirira koyambirira komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chiopsezo cha kugonana.
Psychol Sci. 2012 Seputembala 1;23(9):984-93. doi: 10.1177/0956797611435529. Epub 2012 Jul 18.
gwero
Dipatimenti ya Sayansi ya Zamaganizo ndi Ubongo, Dartmouth College, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. [email protected]
Kudalirika
Kuyamba kugonana koyambirira kumagwirizanitsa ndi chiopsezo chogonana komanso kuopsa kwa mimba yosakonzekera komanso matenda opatsirana pogonana m'tsogolo. Kugonana pakati pa kugonana koyambirira kwa mafilimu (MSE), chiwerewere, ndi khalidwe loopsya lachiwerewere pokhala wamkulu (mwachitsanzo, kugonana ndi amuna ambiri komanso kugwiritsira ntchito makondomu osagwirizana) anafufuzidwa pa kafukufuku wamakono a achinyamata a US. MSE inayesedwa pogwiritsira ntchito njira ya Beach, njira yowonjezereka yopezera coding. Kuwongolera khalidwe la achinyamata ndi mabanja awo, kufufuza kunasonyeza kuti MSE adaneneratu zaka za kugonana, zonse mwachindunji ndi mosiyana mwa kusintha kwa kufunafuna. MSE analoseranso kuti angayambe kuchita zachiwerewere mwachindunji komanso mwachindunji pogwiritsa ntchito chiwerewere choyambirira. Zotsatira izi zikusonyeza kuti MSE ingalimbikitse chiopsezo cha kugonana kutenga onse mwa kusintha khalidwe la kugonana ndi kufulumizitsa kukula kwachidziwitso choyambirira pakati paunyamata.