Kusiyanitsa pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, kuchuluka kwa kalasi komanso gawo lazowonjezera pa intaneti komanso kusungulumwa pazolimbikitsidwa zogonana pakati pa ophunzira aku sekondale (2017)

Lawal, Abiodun Musbau, ndi Erhabor Sunday Idemudia.

International Journal of Ubwana ndi unyamata (2017): 1-9.

https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2017.1406380

Kudalirika

Kafukufukuyu adayang'anitsitsa kusiyanasiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi komanso magwiridwe antchito pakukakamiza kugonana ndikudziwitsa zomwe zimapangitsa kusungulumwa komanso chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti pofotokozera zakugonana pakati pa ophunzira aku sekondale. Zitsanzo zabwino za ophunzira aku sekondale achimuna ndi achikazi a 311 azaka zapakati pa 13-21 zaka (M = 15.61, SD = 1.63) adamaliza kafukufuku wamagulu angapo omwe amakhala ndi chidziwitso cha kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso kusungulumwa, chizolowezi cha intaneti komanso chizolowezi chogonana. Ziwerengero zamankhwala osokoneza bongo zikuwonetsa kuti kusungulumwa komanso kusuta kwa intaneti kwathandizira kwambiri kuti munthu azichita zachiwerewere ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti kujambula zambiri. Ana aku sekondale achimuna akuti amakakamizidwa kwambiri kuposa anzawo akazi. Mulingo wamakalasi ulibe gawo lililonse pakukakamira zogonana koma zotsatira zake zimawoneka zikuchulukirachulukira ophunzira atakalamba mkalasi. Maphunziro okwanira okhudzana ndi zakugonana komanso njira zodzitetezera zomwe zimatsindika kulumikizana kwakukulu kwa makolo ndi ana komanso njira zogwiritsa ntchito intaneti zolera bwino ana zimalimbikitsidwa.

Keywords: Kukakamizidwa kugonana, malonda a intaneti, kusungulumwa, ana a sekondale, Nigeria

Introduction

Malingaliro okonda kugonana komanso zolakalaka pakati pa ana a sekondale zimatha kubweretsa kukakamiza kugonana ngati ophunzira sangawongolere moyenera momwe angayendetsere kapena kusamalira momwe akumvera. Monga taonera ku Herkov (2016 Herkov, M. (2016). Kodi chizolowezi chogonana ndi chiani? Psych Central. Adatengedwanso August 10, 2017, kuchokera https://psychcentral.com/lib/what-is-sexual-addiction/ [Google Scholar]), The National Council on Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity imalongosola kukakamiza kugonana kapena kukakamizidwa ngati kuchita zokhazikika komanso zowonjezereka zamakhalidwe azakugonana kunachitika ngakhale kuti zotsatirapo zake zinali zoipa. Kalichman ndi Rompa (1995 Kalichman, SC, & Rompa, D. (1995). Zofuna zakugonana komanso masikelo okakamiza: Kudalirika, kutsimikizika, komanso kuneneratu za chiopsezo cha HIV. Zolemba Za Umunthu, 65, 586–601.10.1207/s15327752jpa6503_16[Taylor ndi Francis Paintaneti], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]) adapanga Scale ya Sculsive Scale (SCS) ndikuti adayezera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azifuna kugonana komanso aziganiza. Kuchokera pamatanthauzidwe awa, munthu yemwe ali ndi malingaliro okakamira kugonana amakhala ndi malingaliro ofuna zogonana ndipo apitilizabe kupitilizabe kumangoganiza zogonana, osaganizira zotsatila zilizonse zoyipa. Mogwirizana ndi SCS, kukakamizidwa kugonana kungatanthauzidwe ngati kuchuluka kwa komwe ana asekondale amakhala otanganidwa ndi malingaliro ndi zikhumbo zakugonana; komanso adasilira kuchita izi mosaganizira zotsatila zoyipa. Ana a sekondale omwe amatangwanika ndi malingaliro ogonana, malingaliro, zikhumbo, machitidwe kapena zogonana zomwe zimasokoneza magwiridwe antchito awo zitha kunenedwa kuti amapezeka kwambiri pakugonjera.

Kafukufuku wakuchulukirachulukira pakukakamizidwa pakugonana komanso zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi izi adachitidwa kunja kwa Nigeria (Black, 1998 Chakuda, DW (1998). Khalidwe logonana lokakamiza: Kubwereza. Zolemba za Practical Psychology ndi Behaisheral Health, 4, 219-229. [Google Scholar]; Chaney & Burns-Wortham, 2015 Chaney, MP, & Burns-Wortham, CM (2015). Kuwona kutuluka, kusungulumwa, komanso kudzidalira monga olosera zakugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kugonana ndi Kukakamira, 22(1), 71-88.[Taylor ndi Francis Paintaneti], [Google Scholar]; Grov, Parsons, & Bimbi, 2010 Grov, C., Parsons, JT, & Bimbi, DS (2010). Kugonana ndi chiwerewere mwa amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Zambiri Zokhudza Kugonana, 39, 940–949.10.1007/s10508-009-9483-9[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Torres & Gore-Felton, 2007 Torres, HL, & Gore-Felton, C. (2007). Kukakamira, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso kusungulumwa: Kusungulumwa komanso mtundu wa chiopsezo cha kugonana (LSRM). Kugonana ndi Kukakamira, 14(1), 63–75. doi:10.1080/10720160601150147[Taylor ndi Francis Paintaneti], [Google Scholar]). Ambiri mwa maphunziro oyambirirawo anali ophunzira a ku yunivesite, ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna ndi akazi omwe ali ndi HIV (Grov et al., 2010 Grov, C., Parsons, JT, & Bimbi, DS (2010). Kugonana ndi chiwerewere mwa amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Zambiri Zokhudza Kugonana, 39, 940–949.10.1007/s10508-009-9483-9[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Torres & Gore-Felton, 2007 Torres, HL, & Gore-Felton, C. (2007). Kukakamira, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso kusungulumwa: Kusungulumwa komanso mtundu wa chiopsezo cha kugonana (LSRM). Kugonana ndi Kukakamira, 14(1), 63–75. doi:10.1080/10720160601150147[Taylor ndi Francis Paintaneti], [Google Scholar],, ndi ana a sekondale ana kunyalanyazidwa. Kafukufuku wokhudza ana asukulu zaku sekondale ku Nigeria ndiwofika nthawi yake, makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa njira yogwiritsa ntchito intaneti yomwe ikhoza kuwayika pachiwopsezo chodziwitsidwa zokhudzana ndi zolaula zokhudzana ndi kugonana. Kuphatikiza apo, kusayang'anira kapena kusayang'anira komanso kuyang'anira kuchokera kwa makolo kumapangitsa ana ambiri kusekondale kusungulumwa; potero, kuziyika pachiwopsezo cha chikhalidwe chosiyana. Kafukufukuyu adawunikira kukhudzidwa kwa intaneti komanso kusungulumwa momwe zingathere kulosera zomwe zingakhale zovuta pakati pa ana asekondale.

Kugonana kumanenedwa kuti kumalumikizidwa ndi kumwa kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (Kalichman & Kaini, 2004 Kalichman, SC, & Cain, D. (2004). Chiyanjano pakati pa zisonyezo zakugonana komanso zachiwerewere zoopsa pakati pa abambo ndi amai omwe amalandila chithandizo kuchipatala cha matenda opatsirana pogonana. Journal of Sex Research, 41(3), 235-241.10.1080 / 00224490409552231[Taylor ndi Francis Paintaneti], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]), kuda nkhawa, kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe ndi zovuta zowongolera (Grant & Steinberg, 2005 Grant, JE, & Steinberg, MA (2005). Khalidwe lokakamiza komanso kutchova njuga. Kugonana ndi Kukakamira, 12, 235-244.10.1080 / 10720160500203856[Taylor ndi Francis Paintaneti], [Google Scholar]; Raymond, Coleman, & Mgodi, 2003 Raymond, NC, Coleman, E., & Miner, MH (2003). Psychiatric comorbidity komanso zikhalidwe zokakamiza / kuchita zinthu mokakamiza pakugonana. Makamaka Psychiatry, 44, 370–380.10.1016/S0010-440X(03)00110-X[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]); komanso kutenga nawo mbali pazochitika zogonana zowopsa monga kugonana osaziteteza, kugonana komwe kumayambitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuchuluka kwa omwe amagonana nawo kumatha kubweretsa HIV ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana (Dodge, Reece, Cole, & Sandfort, 2004 Dodge, B., Reece, M., Cole, AL, & Sandfort, TGM (2004). Kugonana pakati pa ophunzira aku koleji ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Journal of Research Research, 41(4), 343-350.10.1080 / 00224490409552241[Taylor ndi Francis Paintaneti], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Grov et al., 2010 Grov, C., Parsons, JT, & Bimbi, DS (2010). Kugonana ndi chiwerewere mwa amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Zambiri Zokhudza Kugonana, 39, 940–949.10.1007/s10508-009-9483-9[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Kalichman & Rompa, 2001 Kalichman, SC, & Rompa, D. (2001). Kuchuluka kwa chiwerewere: Kupititsa patsogolo ndikugwiritsa ntchito anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Zolemba Za Umunthu, 76, 379–395.10.1207/S15327752JPA7603_02[Taylor ndi Francis Paintaneti], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Reece, Mbale, & Daughtry, 2001 Pezani nkhaniyi pa intaneti Reece, M., Plate, PL, & Daughtry, M. (2001). Kupewa kachirombo ka HIV komanso kukakamiza kugonana: Kufunika kwa njira yophatikizira yathanzi komanso thanzi lam'mutu. Kugonana ndi Kukakamira, 8, 157-167.[Taylor ndi Francis Paintaneti], [Google Scholar]). Ofufuza ena anenapo zotulukapo zakugonana mwa anthu ena kuphatikiza mikangano pakati pa anthu komanso kupsinjika, kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe ndikupewa udindo pantchito (Muench & Parsons, 2004 Muench, F., & Parsons, JT (2004). Kukakamira Kugonana ndi HIV: Kudziwika ndi Chithandizo. Yang'anani, 19, 1-4.[PubMed], [Google Scholar]). Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuchokera ku maphunziro omwe atchulidwa kale kuti kufufuza zakusokonekera kwa intaneti ndikusungulumwa momwe kungathekere kulosera zamkakamizidwe ogonana, makamaka ku sekondale ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mopitirira muyeso kumatha kuonedwa ngati njira yosokoneza bongo yogwiritsira ntchito intaneti. Ngakhale pakadali pano palibe tanthauzo lenileni pamalingaliro azokakamira pa intaneti, komabe, Achinyamata (1998 Achinyamata, KS (1998). Kuchita muukonde: Momwe mungazindikire zizindikiritso za intaneti - komanso malingaliro opambana kuti muchiritse. Mu KS Young (Ed.), 605 Third Avenue (pp. 10158-0012. 248). New York, NY: Wiley. [Google Scholar]) adatanthauzira kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ngati vuto lomwe silimakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pakufufuza kwatsopano, timafotokozera za kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ngati kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri intaneti mosasokoneza zomwe zimachitika tsiku ndi tsiku. Ana osekerera pa intaneti ana amatha nthawi yocheza pa intaneti, masewera ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zokambirana. Mukuchita izi, amadziwika ndi malingaliro okhudzana ndi kugonana omwe angadziwitse kugonana kwawo.

Kafukufuku yemwe alipo akuwonetsa kuti pali kufalikira kwambiri kwa chizolowezi cha intaneti pakati pa ophunzira aku sekondale (Bruno et al., 2014 Bruno, A., Scimeca, G., Cava, L., Pandolfo, G., Zoccali, RA, & Muscatello, MRA (2014). Kukula kwa chizolowezi cha intaneti mwa zitsanzo za ophunzira aku sekondale yaku Southern Italy. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction, 12, 708–715.10.1007/s11469-014-9497-y[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Sasmaz et al., 2013 Sasmaz, T., Oner, S., Kurt, OA, Yapici, G., Yacizi, AE, Bugdayci, R., & Sis, M. (2013). Kukula ndi zoopsa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti kwa ophunzira aku sekondale. European Journal of Public Health, 24(1), 15-20.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]). Mosakayikira, kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa ophunzira omwe amalingalira maubwino osiyanasiyana. Komabe, kuzolowera izi kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zovuta, makamaka kwa ana aang'ono ngati palibe kuwunikira kapena kuwongolera kuchokera kwa atsogoleri okhwima kapena odziwa. Kuti athandizire izi, Griffith (2001 Griffith, MD (2001). Kugonana pa intaneti: Kuyang'ana ndi tanthauzo la chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti. Zolemba Pazakafukufuku Wakugonana., 38, 333-352.10.1080 / 00224490109552104[Taylor ndi Francis Paintaneti], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]) adalongosola za chizolowezi chapa intaneti ngati chofunikira m'miyoyo ya ophunzira chifukwa zitha kubweretsa zovuta m'mitsempha, kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe komanso kusokonezeka kwa ubale. Komanso Xianhua et al. (2013 Xianhua, W., Xinguang, C., Juan, H., Heng, M., Jiaghong, L., Liesl, N., & Hanrong, W. (2013). Kukula ndi zinthu zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti pakati pa achinyamata ku Wuhan, China: Kuyanjana kwa ubale wa makolo ndi msinkhu komanso kusakhudzidwa-kukhudzidwa. MIYOYO Yoyamba, 8(4), e61782.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]) adati ophunzira omwe adagwiritsa ntchito intaneti adakwera kwambiri mu hyperacaction-impulsivity komanso kuti ubale wabwino ndi makolo ukhoza kukhala mtsogoleri pazowopsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale wosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Zachidziwikire, malingaliro ogonana mopitirira muyeso sangathe kunyalanyazidwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti kwambiri ndi ana a sekondale; ndipo izi zitha kukhudza zikhulupiriro zawo, malingaliro awo ndi cholinga chawo pakugonana.

Kupatula pazokonda pa intaneti, kusungulumwa kwa mwana wokula kumamupangitsa kuti asankhe zochita mosagwirizana ndi zomwe amachita monga zachiwerewere. Kumva kusungulumwa ndi njira yodzipatula komwe munthu amadzimva kuti salinso pafupi ndi wina aliyense. Kumva kusungulumwa akuti kumalumikizidwa ndi kulumikizana pakati pa anthu komanso mavuto amacheza (Frye-Cox & Hesse, 2013 Frye-Cox, NE, & Hesse, CR (2013). Alexithymia ndi mkhalidwe wabanja: Maudindo oyimira pakati pa kusungulumwa komanso kulumikizana bwino. Zolemba pa Family Psychology, 27(2), 203-211.10.1037 / a0031961[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]). Kumva kukhala wekhawekha kapena wodzipatula kumayika ana ena kusekondale pachiwopsezo chotenga nawo mbali muchikhalidwe chokakamiza; mwina, monga gawo lamalingaliro akumasungulumwa. Mwanjira ina, kukakamizidwa kuchita zachiwerewere kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yolimbana ndi kusungulumwa. Kafukufuku ochepa adafufuza za kusungulumwa ngati njira yomwe ingawonetsere kukakamizidwa kugonana. Mwachitsanzo, Torres ndi Gore-Felton (2007 Torres, HL, & Gore-Felton, C. (2007). Kukakamira, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso kusungulumwa: Kusungulumwa komanso mtundu wa chiopsezo cha kugonana (LSRM). Kugonana ndi Kukakamira, 14(1), 63–75. doi:10.1080/10720160601150147[Taylor ndi Francis Paintaneti], [Google Scholar]) adatinso kuti kusungulumwa kumalumikizidwa ndi zochitika zogonana komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pofuna kuyambitsa chiwerewere. Izi zikusonyeza kuti mwana wasekondale yemwe amasungulumwa amakhala pachiwopsezo chogonana komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo; ndipo amatha kutsata njira zosiyanasiyana zogonana. Chaney ndi Burns-Wortham (2015 Chaney, MP, & Burns-Wortham, CM (2015). Kuwona kutuluka, kusungulumwa, komanso kudzidalira monga olosera zakugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kugonana ndi Kukakamira, 22(1), 71-88.[Taylor ndi Francis Paintaneti], [Google Scholar]) adadziwitsanso kuti kusungulumwa pamodzi ndi kusaulula za kugonana kwa amayi komanso kudzinyadira kumaneneratu kukakamizidwa kugonana. Izi zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa kusungulumwa posankha zogonana pakati pa anthu.

Kukakamizika pakugonana ndi chikhalidwe chapamwamba. Chifukwa chake, kumvetsetsa kusiyanitsa pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kungathandize kuzindikira kuti ndi chiani chomwe chimakonda kukakamizidwa kugonana. Mwinanso, izi zidzaunikira ofufuza pa pathophysiology pazakukakamizidwa pakugonana ngati vuto komanso kuthandizanso njira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokhudzana ndi jenda. Kuti adziwe kusiyanasiyana komwe kukugwirizana ndi kukakamizidwa kugona pakati pa ana asukulu za sekondale, kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi ndi zomwe zimachitika pakugonana. Ayodele ndi Akindele-Oscar (2015 Ayodele, KO, & Akindele-Oscar, AB (2015). Zokonda zamaganizidwe okhudzana ndi mchitidwe wogonana wachinyamata: Kusintha kwa jenda. Briteni Journal of Education, Society and Behaisheral Science, 6(1), 50-60.[Crossref], [Google Scholar]) adapeza kuti achichepere achikazi amanenanso kuti ali ndi chidwi chachikulu kuposa anzawo amuna. Mofananamo, McKeague (2014 McKeague, EL (2014). Kusiyanitsa pakati pa omwe ali ndi vuto logonana: Kubwereza kwamalemba kumayang'ana pamitu ya kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka malangizo othandizira amayi omwe ali ndi vuto logonana. Kugonana ndi Kukakamira, 21(3), 203-224.10.1080 / 10720162.2014.931266[Taylor ndi Francis Paintaneti], [Google Scholar]) adanenanso kuti mchitidwe wogonana wa azimayi ndiwogwirizana kwambiri. Izi zikusonyeza kuti ngakhale pakhale kusasiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi pakukakamizidwa kugonana, akazi amawonetsa kukhudzana ndi kugonana m'njira yosiyana ndi amuna. Mosiyana ndi izi, Dodge et al. (2004 Dodge, B., Reece, M., Cole, AL, & Sandfort, TGM (2004). Kugonana pakati pa ophunzira aku koleji ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Journal of Research Research, 41(4), 343-350.10.1080 / 00224490409552241[Taylor ndi Francis Paintaneti], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]) adatinso zakwera kwambiri kwa abambo pazakugonana kuposa azimayi. Kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu adawonetsa kuti, pali kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi pakugonana.

Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kuyang'ana kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi komanso magawo osiyanasiyana pakukakamizidwa kugona ndi akazi komanso kudziwa momwe athandizire osungulumwa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti pakukakamizidwa kugonana pakati pa ana asekondale ku Nigeria.

Njira

Design

Kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito magawo awiri ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wakale. Zosintha zodziyimira pawokha ndi jenda, kalasi, chizolowezi cha intaneti komanso kusungulumwa, pomwe kusiyanasiyana komwe kumachitika ndichokakamira kugonana. Jenda adayesedwa m'magulu awiri (amuna ndi akazi); kalasi m'magulu atatu (SSSI, SSSII & SSSIII), chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti komanso kusungulumwa kumayesedwa pamiyeso yayitali.

ophunzira

Kafukufukuyu adaphatikiza zitsanzo za ana asukulu 311 omwe asankhidwa m'masukulu anayi (4) Sekondale mumzinda wa Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria. Zitsanzozi zidaphatikizapo ophunzira a Senior Secondary School (SSS) amakalasi a I, II ndi III. Mwa ophunzira 311, 140 (45%) anali amuna ndipo 171 (55%) anali akazi azaka zapakati pa 13 ndi 21 zaka (M = 15.61, SD = 1.63). Kugawidwa kwachipembedzo kwa ophunzira kumawonetsa kuti 213 (68.5%) anali Akhristu, 93 (29.9%) anali Asilamu ndipo 5 (1.6%) anali achipembedzo chachikhalidwe. Mulingo wamakalasi udawonetsa kuti 100 (32.2%) anali mu SSSI, 75 (24.1%) anali mu SSSII ndipo 136 (43.7%) anali mu SSS III.

Njira

Zomwe adazisonkhanitsa adaziphatikiza pogwiritsa ntchito mafunso omwe ali ndi ziwonetserozi pamwambapa komanso miyeso yodalirika yotsimikizira zosintha zomwe zili ndi chidwi ndi phunziroli.

Kukakamizidwa kugonana idayesedwa kudzera kukhazikitsidwa kwa 10-item Sexual Compulsivity Scale (SCS) yopangidwa ndi Kalichman ndi Rompa (1995 Kalichman, SC, & Rompa, D. (1995). Zofuna zakugonana komanso masikelo okakamiza: Kudalirika, kutsimikizika, komanso kuneneratu za chiopsezo cha HIV. Zolemba Za Umunthu, 65, 586–601.10.1207/s15327752jpa6503_16[Taylor ndi Francis Paintaneti], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]) ndipo izi zimapangidwira kuti athe kuwunika momwe angakwaniritsire chilakolako chogonana. Mayankho pamlingowo adayesedwa pamawonekedwe a 5-point Likert, kuyambira 'osati ine' mpaka 'Wofanana kwambiri ndi ine'. Kukwera kwakukulu pamulingo kukuwonetsa kukakamizidwa kwakukulu pakugonana. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti, SCS idanenedwa kuti ili ndi zovomerezeka m'magulu osiyanasiyana monga amuna ndi akazi okhaokha komanso amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV komanso ophunzira aku koleji pokhudzana ndi kuwunika kwa hypersexourse (Kalichman, Johnson, Adair, et al., 1994 Kalichman, SC, Adair, V., Rompa, D., Multhauf, K., Johnson, J., & Kelly, J. (1994). Kufuna kudziwa zakugonana: Kukula kwamphamvu ndikulosera za chiopsezo cha Edzi pakati pa amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Zolemba Za Umunthu, 62, 385–397.10.1207/s15327752jpa6203_1[Taylor ndi Francis Paintaneti], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Grov et al., 2010 Grov, C., Parsons, JT, & Bimbi, DS (2010). Kugonana ndi chiwerewere mwa amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Zambiri Zokhudza Kugonana, 39, 940–949.10.1007/s10508-009-9483-9[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]). Dodge et al. (2004 Dodge, B., Reece, M., Cole, AL, & Sandfort, TGM (2004). Kugonana pakati pa ophunzira aku koleji ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Journal of Research Research, 41(4), 343-350.10.1080 / 00224490409552241[Taylor ndi Francis Paintaneti], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]) adanenanso zomangamanga za SCS; pofotokoza kuchuluka ndi kugonana komwe kumachitika pafupipafupi komanso kuchuluka kwa akazi omwe amagonana ndi ena mwa ophunzira a koleji; ndipo maubwenzi ofunika anapezeka. Tanena zodalirika za alpha zodalirika za .89 mu kafukufuku waposachedwa.

kusungulumwa idayesedwa ndi 20 -inthu UCLA Loneliness wadogo yopangidwa ndi Russell, Peplau, ndi Ferguson (1978 Russell, D., Peplau, LA, & Ferguson, ML (1978). Kukulitsa kusungulumwa. Zolemba Za Umunthu, 42, 290–294.10.1207/s15327752jpa4203_11[Taylor ndi Francis Paintaneti], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]); lomwe limapangidwa kuti lizitha kudziwa kusungulumwa komwe munthu amakhala nako komanso kusungulumwa. Omwe akuyembekezeredwa akuyembekezeka kuwonetsa pa 5-point Likert kuyambira pa 'Sindimamva chonchi' mpaka 'Nthawi zambiri ndimamva chonchi'. Kulemba pamlingo waukulu kumawonetsa kusungulumwa kwakukulu poyankha. Russell (1996 Russell, D. (1996). UCLA loneligue wadogo (Version 3): Kudalirika, kutsimikizika, komanso kapangidwe kazinthu. Zolemba Za Umunthu, 66, 20–40.10.1207/s15327752jpa6601_2[Taylor ndi Francis Paintaneti], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]) idanenanso kusasinthika kwamkati ndi migwirizano kuyambira .89 mpaka .94 komanso kudalirika kotsimikizika kwa .73. Tanena zodalirika za alpha zodalirika za .92 mu kafukufuku waposachedwa.

Internet Addiction idawunikidwa ndi zinthu za 20 zomwe Young's Internet Addiction Test (YIAT20) yopangidwa ndi Young (1998 Achinyamata, KS (1998). Kuchita muukonde: Momwe mungazindikire zizindikiritso za intaneti - komanso malingaliro opambana kuti muchiritse. Mu KS Young (Ed.), 605 Third Avenue (pp. 10158-0012. 248). New York, NY: Wiley. [Google Scholar]). Mulingo ukuwunika momwe ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti amafunsira momwe amakhudzira moyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku, moyo wachikhalidwe, zokolola, magonedwe ndi momwe akumvera (Frangos, Frangos, & Sotiropoulos, 2012 Frangos, CC, Frangos, CC, & Sotiropoulos, I. (2012). Kuwunikira meta kudalirika kwa mayeso okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Kukula kwa World Congress pa Engineering, Vol I. Julayi 4-6, London: WCE. [Google Scholar]). Mayankho pa sikeloyo adawunikidwa pamawonekedwe a 5-point Likert, kuyambira 'Kawirikawiri' mpaka 'Nthawi Zonse'. Kufika pamlingo waukulu kumawonetsa kukhudzidwa kwakukulu kwa intaneti pakuyankha. Pakafukufuku waposachedwa, tapeza cholowa chodalirika cha alpha .73.

Kuganizira moyenera ndi njira zake

Pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti kusakanikirana kwatsatanetsatane posakatula deta, ntchito yoyeserera idapangidwa ndikuvomerezedwa ndi Komiti Zoyenerana ndi Sukulu pomwe masiku adaperekedwa kuti akumane ndi oyang'anira masukulu. Akuluakulu pasukuluyi adadziwitsidwanso zambiri zakusaka kwawo. Mafunso amafunsidwa kwa ophunzira m'makalasi awo osiyanasiyana. Ophunzira onse adauzidwa za phunziroli ndipo mofananamo anapatsidwa chilolezo cholembedwa. Palibe chindapusa chomwe chinaperekedwa kwa ophunzira chifukwa chotenga nawo mbali pa phunziroli. Pa nthawi yokumana ndi ophunzira, tidatsimikiza kuti mayina awo sanafunikire kumaliza mafunso ndi kuti chidziwitso chomwe chingaperekedwe chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazofufuza zokha. Ndi mafunso a 400 omwe adagawidwa, 364 idatengedwanso kwathunthu kuchokera kwa omwe atenga nawo mbali, 311 idamalizidwa bwino. Izi zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwunika kwa kafukufukuyu. Chiwerengero chenicheni cha mafunso omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito chikuwonetsa kuyankha kwa 77.75%; kutaya 53 yomwe sinamalize bwino.

Kusanthula kusanthula

Zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa zidayang'aniridwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito IBM SPSS 24 mtundu. Ziwerengero zofotokozera komanso zachinyengo zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira. Ziwerengero zofotokozera monga tanthauzo, kupatuka kwapadera ndi maperesenti zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kupenda kuchuluka kwa ofunsidwa. Ziwerengero zapadera za bivariate ndi hieratical angapo regression zidawerengedwa. Kuwunikira kophatikizana kwa bivariate kunapangidwa kuti athe kuwona ubale pakati pa kusiyanasiyana konse, pambuyo pake mawonekedwe amitundu iwiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa magawo odziimira pawokha komanso olowa nawo pakumasulira kosinthika pofotokozera. Poyamba, adagwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndikulowedwa ndipo kachiwiri, kusungulumwa kudalowa. Ziwerengero zidadziwika kuti .01 ndi .05 pazofunikira.

Results

Zotsatira zamalumikizidwe

Zotsatira za kuwongolera kophatikizidwa kwa bivariate pazowunikira pazosakanikirana pa tebulo 1 zidawonetsa kuti zaka za omwe amafunsidwa zimagwirizana bwino ndi gulu la kalasi (r = .58; p < .01) ndi kugwiritsa ntchito intanetir = .12; p <.01), koma satero ndi kusungulumwa (r = −.01; p > .05) komanso kugonana (r = .08; p > .05). Mulingo wamakalasi sukugwirizana ndi vuto la intaneti (r = .10; p > .05), kusungulumwa (r = .01; p > .05) komanso kugonana (r = .06; p > .05). Kuledzera pa intaneti kwambiri komanso kogwirizana ndi kusungulumwa (r = .32; p <.01) komanso kukakamira kugonana (r = .47; p <.01). Kusungulumwa kumayenderana ndi kukakamizidwa kugonana (r = .38; p <.01).

Tebulo 1. Tikutanthauza, kupatuka koyenera komanso kuwongolera pakati pa kusiyanasiyana paphunziroli (N = 311).

CSV Onetsani Zamkatimu

Zotsatira zamitundu iwiri

Zotsatira za kuwongolera koyerekeza maukadaulo awiri pa tebulo 2 kunawonetsa kuti poyamba, kukhudzidwa kwa intaneti kunathandizira kwambiri pamitundu yolembetsera, F (1, 309) = 88.63, p <.01 ndipo adawerengera 22% yazosiyanasiyana zakukakamiza kugonana. Kuwonjezeka kwa kusungulumwa pamtundu wachiwiri kudapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwonjezeka kwakukulu mpaka 28% ya kusiyanasiyana kokhudzana ndi kugonana ndikuthandizira kulowererapo F(2, 308) = 60.47, p <.01. Momwemonso, pachitsanzo chachiwiri, kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti (β = .39, p <.01) ndi kusungulumwa (β = .26, p <.01) adaneneratu pawokha zachiwerewere pakati pa ana asekondale.

Tebulo 2. Chidule cha kusanthula kwa magawo ena kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolosera kukakamiza kwa ana asekondale (N = 311).

CSV Onetsani Zamkatimu

Mu Table 3, kusiyana pakati pa jenda pakukakamizidwa pakugonana kunasanthulidwa pakati pa ana a sekondale pogwiritsa ntchito t-test ndipo zinapezeka kuti oyankha amuna (M = 25.28, SD = 10.04) idanenanso zakukakamira kuposa azimayi anzawo (M = 19.96, Sd = 9.37). Zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa kuti pali kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi pakati pa ana asukulu yasekondale t(309) = 4.82, p = .000.

Gulu 3. t- Kusanthula kwamphamvu kwa ana aamuna ndi akazi a sekondale pamakakamizidwe ogonana.

CSV Onetsani Zamkatimu

Pakuwunika mphamvu ya kalasi pazokakamizidwa zogonana, One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) idachitika ndipo zotsatira za Table 4 sizinawonetse chidwi chachikulu cha mulingo wazoperewera pakukakamizidwa kuchita zogonana F(2, 308) = .58, p = .558. Komabe, kuwonera mawonekedwe owonetsa am'kalasi kumawonetsa kuti kukakamizidwa kugonana kumawonjezeka pamene ana aku sekondale amapita kukalasi lapamwamba (onani Chithunzi 1).

Tebulo 4. Chidule cha gawo limodzi la ANOVA yamakalasi pazogonana.

CSV Onetsani Zamkatimu

Chithunzi 1. Kupereka kuwunika bwino kwamakalasi a ana asekondale ndi kuchuluka kwa kukakamizidwa kugona nawo.

Onetsani kukula kwakenthu

Kukambirana

Kusanthula kwamgwirizano kuwulula maubwenzi apadera pakati pakukonda kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti komanso chizolowezi chogonana. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti ana aku sekondale omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, amakhala ndi chizolowezi chogonana. Zinadziwikanso kuti kuzolowera intaneti paokha kunaneneratu zakugonana pakati pa ana asekondale. Zotsatira izi ndizogwirizana ndi maphunziro am'mbuyomu omwe atsimikizira kuyanjana kwabwino pakati pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa intaneti ndikuwonjezera machitidwe azakugonana komanso kusakhudzidwa kwa ophunzira (Adebayo, Udegbe, & Sunmola, 2006 Adebayo, DO, Udegbe, IB, & Sunmola, AM (2006). Jenda, kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, komanso machitidwe ogonana pakati pa achinyamata aku Nigeria. Cyber Psychology ndi Khalidwe, 9(6), 742-752.10.1089 / cpb.2006.9.742[Crossref], [PubMed], [Google Scholar]; Xianhua et al., 2013 Xianhua, W., Xinguang, C., Juan, H., Heng, M., Jiaghong, L., Liesl, N., & Hanrong, W. (2013). Kukula ndi zinthu zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti pakati pa achinyamata ku Wuhan, China: Kuyanjana kwa ubale wa makolo ndi msinkhu komanso kusakhudzidwa-kukhudzidwa. MIYOYO Yoyamba, 8(4), e61782.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]). Zikutanthauza kuti kukakamizidwa kugona mokhudzana ndi kugonana komwe kumapangitsa kuti ukhale woganiza kwambiri ndi zolakalaka zachiwerewere ndi zina mwamavuto ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti kapena chizolowezi cha intaneti mwa ophunzira.

Zinawululidwanso kuti ubale wamphamvu wolunjika pakati pa kusungulumwa komanso kukakamizidwa kugonana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ophunzira asekondale ambiri amakhala osungulumwa kapena osungulumwa, amakhala ndi chidwi choganiza zomwe zitha kuwapangitsa kukhala ndi machitidwe ogonana. Kusungulumwa kunapezeka kuti kunali ndi gawo lodziyimira palokha pakufotokozera za kukakamira kugonana kwa ana a sekondale. Zotsatirazi zikugwirizana ndi Torres ndi Gore-Felton (2007 Torres, HL, & Gore-Felton, C. (2007). Kukakamira, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso kusungulumwa: Kusungulumwa komanso mtundu wa chiopsezo cha kugonana (LSRM). Kugonana ndi Kukakamira, 14(1), 63–75. doi:10.1080/10720160601150147[Taylor ndi Francis Paintaneti], [Google Scholar]); yemwe adanenapo m'mbuyomu mgwirizano wapakati pa kusungulumwa komanso machitidwe ogonana. Zotsatira zake, ana a sekondale omwe amasiyidwa okha osakhudzidwa kapena osakhudzidwa amawonekera kuti ali ndi machitidwe owopsa omwe angawononge tsogolo lawo.

Zotsatira za kusinthasintha kwa maulamuliro ambiri zawonetseranso kuti kusuta kwa intaneti komanso kusungulumwa molumikizana kunaneneratu kukakamiza kugonana mu phunziroli. Kupezako kumagwirizana ndi Chaney ndi Burns-Wortham (2015 Chaney, MP, & Burns-Wortham, CM (2015). Kuwona kutuluka, kusungulumwa, komanso kudzidalira monga olosera zakugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kugonana ndi Kukakamira, 22(1), 71-88.[Taylor ndi Francis Paintaneti], [Google Scholar]) yemwe adawona kuti kusungulumwa limodzi ndi zosinthika zina monga kusaulula zakukhosi kwa amayi komanso kudzinyadira kunaneneratu kukakamizidwa kugona. Komabe, zosokoneza bongo za intaneti zidapezeka kuti zikulemba zochulukirapo. Izi zikufotokozera momwe kukhudzidwa kwa intaneti kumapangidwira pakupanga malingaliro ndi malingaliro akugonana pakati pa ana asekondale. Mwinanso, Zochita pa Intaneti Zogonana (OSA) monga zalembedwera Eleuteri, Tripodi, Petruccelli, Rossi, ndi Simonelli (2014 Eleuteri, S., Tripodi, F., Petruccelli, I., Rossi, R., & Simonelli, C. (2014). Mafunso ndi masikelo owunikira zochitika zogonana pa intaneti: Kubwereza zaka 20 zakufufuza. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Kafukufuku pa Nkhani ya 8(1), nkhani 1. doi: 10.5817 / CP2014-1-2[Crossref], [Google Scholar]imapanga cholinga chachikulu chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti mu anthuwa; m'malo mophunzira moyenera komanso chifukwa cha chidziwitso. Ngakhale, OSA idanenedwa kuti ili ndi mawonekedwe ena abwino komanso osalimbikitsa, malingaliro ake oyipa komanso oyipa akugonana akupitilira.

Kupitilira apo, panali kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi pakugonana. Ana a sekondale achimuna anali apamwamba kwambiri pakukakamizidwa kugona kuposa akazi anzawo. Kupeza kumeneku kumafanana ndi Dodge et al. (2004 Dodge, B., Reece, M., Cole, AL, & Sandfort, TGM (2004). Kugonana pakati pa ophunzira aku koleji ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Journal of Research Research, 41(4), 343-350.10.1080 / 00224490409552241[Taylor ndi Francis Paintaneti], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]) kuti amuna ndiwokakamiza kuchita zogonana kuposa azimayi. Kusiyanaku pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kumachitika chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chomwe chimawoneka kuti chimasinthasintha kwa abambo mosiyana ndi chachikazi. Tawunikiranso kusiyanasiyana kwamakalasi momwe ana aku sekondale amanenera kuti azigonana. Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kunapezeka pakukakamiza kugonana. Komabe, panali chisonyezo chakuti monga ophunzira akupita patsogolo m'makalasi, ndizotheka kuti azikhala ndi chidwi chogonana. Izi zikugwirizana ndi lipoti la Perry, Accordino, ndi Hewes (2007 Perry, M., Accordino, MP, & Hewes, RL (2007). Kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito intaneti, zofuna zakugonana komanso zosagonana, komanso kugonana pakati pa ophunzira aku koleji. Kugonana ndi Kukakamira, 14(4), 321-335.10.1080 / 10720160701719304[Taylor ndi Francis Paintaneti], [Google Scholar]) kuti ophunzira a kalasi yapamwamba anali ndi chiwonjezero pakufunafuna zogonana kuposa ophunzira a m'makalasi otsika. Mwinanso, ophunzira amaphunzira kwa amuna kapena akazi awo kapena amakhala ndi chidwi chofufuza zambiri zokhudzana ndi kugonana.

Mawuwo

Poona zomwe tapeza, mfundo zotsatirazi zimayikidwa patsogolo: Choyamba, intaneti ndikusungulumwa kwambiri (modzikhulupirira komanso mogwirizana) zimathandizira kufotokozera kuchuluka kwa kukakamizidwa kugonana pakati pa ana asekondale ndikujambulitsa zopereka zapamwamba pa intaneti. Chachiwiri, pali kusiyana pakati pa jenda pamlingo womwe ana akumasekondale ananenetsa kukakamizidwa kugona ndi ana achimuna olemba kwambiri. Ngakhale, kuchuluka kwa kalasi sikunakhudze kwambiri kukakamizidwa kugona pakati pa ophunzira, komabe, pali chizindikiro chakuti ophunzira atha kukhala otanganidwa ndi malingaliro ogonana omwe angayambitse machitidwe azokakamiza pakugonana akangofika pasukulu.

malangizo

Zotsatira za phunziroli ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuganizira za kugonana komwe kumachitika pakati pa achinyamata. Chifukwa chake ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti pakuyenera kukhala maphunziro a zakugonana komanso njira zodzitetezera ndikutsindika kulumikizana kwabwino kwa makolo ndi ana komanso njira zoyendetsera intaneti za kulera koyenera kwa ana (onse kunyumba ndi kusukulu). Tikupangira kuti malo asukulu azikhala ochezeka kuti ana asekondale azitha kukambirana mavuto awo okhudzana ndi kugonana mopanda mantha. Komanso, mapulogalamu ophunzirira pasukulu ayenera kukhazikitsidwa poyang'ana kuphunzitsa ana asekondale pamlingo uliwonse pazokhudza chiopsezo chogonana komanso zinthu zomwe zingachitike pangozi komanso momwe angagonjetsere malingaliro osokoneza bongo. Kunyumba, makolo ayenera kupeza nthawi yokambirana momasuka pakati pawo ndi magulu awo pazinthu zazing'ono ngati kugonana ndi zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zoopsa komanso njira zothanirana ndi mavutowo. Makamaka, makolo ayenera kupatsa nthawi yokwanira kuwongolera mayendedwe awo ndikuwunikira zochita zawo komanso masukulu. Zonsezi zitha kuchitika ndi kutengapo gawo kwa akatswiri azamisala apasukulu kapena aphungu.

Zopereka za wolemba

AML anaganiza ndikupanga phunzirolo. AML idalemba njira ndi zotsatila zake ndikuthandizira kuyambitsa ndi kukambirana. ESI inathandizira kuyambitsa ndi kukambirana.

Ndemanga yolengeza

Olembawo amanena kuti palibe kutsutsana kwa chidwi.

Malangizo pa omwe amapereka

Abiodun Musbau Lawal ndi mphunzitsi mu dipatimenti ya Psychology, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti state, Nigeria. Zolinga zake zofufuza zimayang'ana pa kudzikulitsa, nkhani zopewetsa pakubala, kachirombo ka HIV / Edzi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso thanzi la maganizo.

Erhabor Sunday Idemudia ndi katswiri wofufuza zambiri mu Faculty of Human and Social Sayansi, North-West University, Campikeng ya Mafikeng, Mmabatho, South Africa. Madera ake ofufuza amayang'ana kwambiri ovutitsidwa, magulu osatetezeka, ndende ndi psychology yazikhalidwe.

Kuyamikira

Olembawo avomereza thandizo lomwe ophunzira amapatsa pomaliza mapepala amafunsira phunziroli. Komanso, utsogoleri wa masekondale omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati phunziroli amayamikiridwa chifukwa zimapangitsa kuti mlengalenga ukhale wololedwa kuti utolere deta.

Zothandizira

Adebayo, DO, Udegbe, IB, & Sunmola, AM (2006). Jenda, kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, komanso machitidwe ogonana pakati pa achinyamata aku Nigeria. Cyber Psychology ndi Khalidwe, 9(6), 742-752.10.1089 / cpb.2006.9.742

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