J Adolesc. 2016 Jun; 49: 191-203. yani: 10.1016 / j.adolescence.2016.03.017
Kudalirika
Kafufuzidwe kafukufuku akudandaula kuti mwina zowononga zotsatira za zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa achinyamata. Komabe, kafukufuku wowerengeka amatha kugwiritsira ntchito zithunzi zolaula nthawi zonse kapena nthawi zonse akufufuza udindo wa chipembedzo pakupanga zolaula, ngakhale kuti pali maziko ovomerezeka omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azipezeka pazipembedzo zolaula. Pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wa dziko lonse omwe akutsatira kuyambira paunyamata mpaka kukalamba, timasonyeza kuti zolaula zimachulukira kwambiri ndi zaka, makamaka pakati pa anyamata. Kuonera zithunzi zolaula kumakhala kosavuta kumisonkhano yapamwamba, makamaka pakati pa anyamata, komanso kupezeka kwachipembedzo kumachepetsa kuwonjezeka kwa zaka zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anyamata ndi atsikana. Zonsezi, zithunzi zolaula zimapitirira kumawonjezereka ku unyamata mpaka kukalamba, koma kumizidwa m'mudzi wachipembedzo kungathandize kuchepetsa kuwonjezeka kumeneku. Kafukufuku wamtsogolo ayenera kutsata anthu omwe akufunsidwa pa nthawi yonse ya akuluakulu, komanso kufufuza zina zokhudzana ndi chipembedzo (mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya chipembedzo kapena chizoloŵezi cha pemphero).
NKHANI ZOKHUDZA IZI
Kupezeka kwachipembedzo kungathandize kuchepetsa kuona zithunzi zolaula achinyamata
Idasindikizidwa pa July 6, 2016 pa 3: 35 AM
Phunziro latsopano lolembedwa ndi ofufuza a University of Calgary Zolemba za AdolescencKufufuza zolaula zowonetsera zolaula za achinyamata ndikuwonanso momwe anthu omwe amachitira nawo zachipembedzo amawopsya kwambiri.
Maphunzirowa, omwe anachitika pakati pa 2003 ndi 2008, omwe amafufuza achinyamata omwe amaonera zolaula kuti akhale akuluakulu (pakati pa zaka za 13 ndi 24) amasonyeza kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumawonjezeka kwambiri ndi ukalamba, makamaka pakati pa amuna (ngakhale pali kuwonjezeka kwa akazi ). Komabe, kuwonjezeka kwa zaka zapakati pa zolaula zolaula ndizochepa kwambiri pakati pa iwo amene amapita kuzipembedzo.
"Tidatha kudziwa kuti pali zomwe zimalepheretsa kusewera kwachipembedzo komwe kumalimbikitsa achinyamata kuti asamaonere zolaula patapita nthawi," atero a Kyler Rasmussen, wolemba wamkulu phunziroli komanso wophunzira wa PhD ku University of Calgary's department of Psychology. "Kuchuluka kwa zolaula zomwe achinyamata akukula sizowopsa kwambiri pakati pa omwe amapita kutchalitchi. Titha kuona kuti kupezeka m'zipembedzo kumathandiza kuti achinyamata aziona zolaula. ”
Rasmussen akuwonjezera kuti: "Ena angawone ngati kutsimikizira udindo wachipembedzo, chifukwa ungapangitse achinyamata kuchita zabwino."
Deta yomwe inasonkhanitsidwa ku polojekiti imeneyi inapezedwa ku National Study of Youth and Religion, pulojekiti yomwe inatsogoleredwa ndi aphunzitsi a zaumulungu ku yunivesite ya Notre Dame ndi University of North Carolina ku Chapel Hill. Kafukufuku wokhudza telefoni woimira dziko lonse wa achinyamata a 3,290 omwe amalankhula Chingelezi ndi Chisipanishi ndi makolo awo, adapangidwa kuti afufuze chikhumbo cha chipembedzo ndi uzimu pa achinyamata a ku America.
Rasmussen adapeza deta yomwe ilipo kale ndipo adayankhidwa ndi funso limodzi mufukufukuyo, omwe, mwadzidzidzi, sadayambe kufufuza bwino, akuyang'ana pa zolaula zomwe zimawonetsa achinyamata. Panthawiyi Rasmussen anali kuphunzira maphunziro a anthu ndi Alex Bierman, pulofesa wina wa Dipatimenti ya Socialology ndipo adafunsa Bierman kuti akhale wolemba nawo pulogalamuyi, pogwiritsa ntchito njira za chiwerengero cha chikhalidwe cha anthu ku deta yomwe ilipo panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito zolaula .
Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi zolaula pakati pa achinyamata ndichofunika kwambiri, atero a Bierman, chifukwa m'badwo uno ukuyimira nthawi yovuta pakukula kwachikhalidwe cha anthu komanso kugonana. Ngakhale malingaliro ophunzirira amatha kusiyanasiyana pazomwe zingayambitse zolaula pakati pa achikulire, ndi achinyamata mbendera zina zofiira ziyenera kukwezedwa.
"Pakadali pano m'moyo, pomwe anthu akuphunzira zogonana komanso zogonana, kodi tikufuna kuti aphunzire zinthuzi kuchokera ku gwero lomwe limadziwika kuti nthawi zambiri limalimbikitsa malingaliro olakwika ndi azolakwika?" Afunsa Bierman. "Izi mwina sizabwino."
"Chifukwa chake, kuyesa kumvetsetsa zomwe zimakhudza kuwonera zolaula komanso momwe zimakhudzira ukalamba ndi funso lofunika kwambiri mdera lathu."
Nanga bwanji ndikupita kumisonkhano yachipembedzo zomwe zingathandize kuti achinyamata asamaonere zolaula? "Anthu azipembedzo amaphunzira kuti pali machitidwe omwe amayembekezeka," akutero Bierman. “Atha kukhala lingaliro la wina wofunika kwambiri waumulungu amene amawayang'anira ndipo pakhoza kukhala gawo lina lothandizira. Mukadziphatikizira pagulu lamakhalidwe abwino pomwe zolaula sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi ndipo zimakhumudwitsidwa, izi zimatha kupanga ndikuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Pali mtundu wina wamayendedwe ochezera omwe timasewera. ”
Bierman akuwonetsa kuti zomwe adapeza phunziroli adazisonkhanitsa pakati pa 2003 ndi 2008 ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo zolaula zakhala zikuchulukirachulukira pagulu lathu lazama TV komanso mafoni anzeru. Iye anati: “Zithunzi zolaula zili pa Intaneti kwambiri kuposa kale. "Mwina timapeputsa kukula kwa zolaula zomwe achinyamata amakhala nazo."
Ngakhale kuti kafukufukuyu angawoneke ngati umboni wazachipembedzo pazachinyamata, Rasmussen akuwona kuti zomwe awunika phunziroli zitha kufika kupitirira pamenepo. "Ndikuganiza kuti ndikofunikira kuyesa kudziwa kuti kupembedza kumeneku kumalepheretsa achinyamatawa kuonera zolaula," akutero. “Tiyeni tiwone ngati tingazindikire izi ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito kunja kwachipembedzo. Zachidziwikire kuti pali anthu omwe sali achipembedzo omwe safunabe kuti ana awo aziwonera zolaula ndikukopeka nazo. Chifukwa chake ngati titha kutenga mbali zachipembedzo zomwe zikugwira ntchito ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito pabanja kapena m'malo akudziko, zingakhale zopindulitsa kwambiri. ”
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