Ndemanga: Ndizosangalatsa kuti kufunsa anthu odzipereka kuti apereke malingaliro awo pazogwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi "sayansi", komabe mwayi wopezeka kwa anthu masauzande ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe adasiya zolaula ndikunena zabwino zake ndiumboni wosatsimikizika, ndipo suyenera kulingaliridwa.
gwero
Department of Caring and Public Health Science, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden. [imelo ndiotetezedwa]
Kudalirika
Zithunzi zolaula ndiimodzi mwamitu yomwe anthu amafunafuna kwambiri pa intaneti, ndipo amapezeka mosavuta kwa aliyense, kuphatikiza ana ndi achinyamata. M'malo achichepere, azamba oyamwitsa azindikira kuti achinyamata ali ndi mafunso osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi zogonana poyerekeza ndi zaka zingapo zapitazo.
Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali chidziwitso cha malingaliro ndi malingaliro okhudzana ndi kumwa zolaula, komanso kuthekera kwazakugonana, pakati pa azimayi achichepere ndi abambo. Ogwira ntchito pachipatala cha achinyamata mumzinda wina wapakati pa Sweden adafunsa alendowo ngati awonapo zolaula komanso ngati akufuna kufunsidwa zomwe adakumana nazo.
Atsikana achichepere ndi amuna asanu ndi atatu, a 16-23 zaka, adatenga nawo gawo. Kuyankhulana kozama kunachitika ndipo mafunso omasuka okhudza zolaula komanso kugonana adafunsidwa. Mafunso omwe adafunsidwayo adasindikizidwa ndi kujambulidwa. Zambiri zidasanthuledwa malinga ndi malingaliro. Gulu loyambirira 'Kukhala ndi zikhalidwe zogonana zamakono' zikuwonetsa momwe zolaula zimapangitsira ziyembekezo zogonana komanso zofuna, mwachitsanzo, kuchita zogonana.
Olembawo adafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane zolaula ndipo adawona kuti zogonana ndizopatukana ndi chikondi. Khalidwe limafotokozedwa ndipo zitsanzo za maudindo achikhalidwe zimaperekedwa. Pothana ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugonana, othandizira anali ndi malingaliro amachitidwe osiyana siyana pazithunzi zolaula, monga owolowa manja, otsogola, mtunda, wachikazi kapena wosasamala.
Zolepheretsa za phunziroli zinali zazing'ono kukula kwake ndipo zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kafukufuku woyenera sizingachitike. Zotsatira zake zimathandizira kumvetsetsa momwe zolaula zimakhudzira malingaliro a achinyamata, ziwonetsero zawo komanso machitidwe ogonana. Izi zikuwonetsa kufunikira, kwa ogwira ntchito m'malo achichepere ndi masukulu, kukambirana zamakhalidwe azakugonana komanso momwe zachiwerewere zimawonetsedwera pazinthu zolaula ndi achinyamata.
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