- Australiya
- March 5, 2016
- Natasha Bita
Kufikira zolaula za pa intaneti akuti ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa zinthu zosokoneza.
Akuluakulu amabisalira mwana wakhanda woyendayenda kuti azingoyenda zimbudzi za sukulu.
Ndi pokhapokha ngati mwana wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi amangodzipukusa yekha mkalasi momwe amayi ake amapotoza cholakwika. Azichimwene awiri - azaka zisanu ndi zinayi ndi 11, yemwe ali ndi mayi woledzera komanso bambo yemwe palibe - akhala akumupatsa mwana wawo wamwamuna pomulondalonda.
Mayi wovutikayo atauza mphunzitsi wamkulu pasukulu ya pulayimale ya Brisbane, adatsimikizika kuti "zonse zili m'manja mwake". Anachotsa mwana wake pasukuluyi.
Mayi wina amauza Inquirer momwe mwana wazaka zisanu ndi zinayi amalimbikitsira mwana wawo wamkazi wazaka zisanu kugonana pakamwa, ndikuwopseza kuti "adzataya diso lake" ngati angauze wina aliyense. Apolisi a NSW adauza mayiyo kuti "mwachiwopsezo palibe chomwe chidachitika" chifukwa cha msinkhu wa mnyamatayo.
Zithunzi zolaula za pa intaneti zikunenedwa kuti zikuchititsa kuti ana ambiri azizunza ana ku Australia. Mnyamata wazaka zinayi akungolipidwa kuti azilipira msonkho kuti am'gwire ana ena "masewera achiwerewere" pa sukulu yaukadaulo ku South Australia. Kusukulu yapamwamba kwambiri ya a Divine Grammar ya ku Sydney, gulu la anyamata a 1 a Chaka lidapezeka likuchita zachiwerewere mnyumba zimbudzi za sukulu komanso malo osewerera kumapeto kwa chaka chatha. Mnyamata m'modzi adachotsedwa pasukulu ya Anglican ndipo asanu ndi atatu adapatsidwa uphungu.
Madotolo ndi akatswiri ochitiridwa nkhanza za ana akuchenjeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mwangozi komanso mwangozi kumapangitsa kuti ana azichita zachiwerewere, ndipo masukulu ndi makolo nthawi zambiri amakana kuzunzidwa. Mu NSW yokha, kuchuluka kwa kuzunzidwa kwa ana paubwana kwakula kuchokera ku 44 ku 2005-06 mpaka 80 ku 2014-15 pomwe kuchuluka kwa nkhanza pakati pa ana ochulukirapo kuchulukitsa kuchokera ku 33 mpaka 73. Victoria adalemba za 1169 zachiwawa pakati pa ana pazaka zisanu zapitazi.
Akuluakulu a Australia Childhood Foundation a Joe Tucci, omwe ndi a psychologist komanso ogwira ntchito zachitukuko, ati bungwe lake lopanda phindu limalangiza ana azaka zisanu ndi chimodzi chifukwa chazovuta pamavuto. "Ena a iwo ndi achichepere, sangathe kumanganso ma shoel awo," akutero.
Chaka chatha bungwe lake lidathandizira ana a 200 ochokera kumadera akumidzi a Melbourne; zaka khumi zapitazo idachita ndi 10 mpaka kutumiza kwa 15 pachaka. Tucci amakhulupirira kuti kuwonera zolaula za ana "ndi vuto lalikulu pakapangidwe ka anthu", ndipoalangiza makolo kuti ayambe kukambirana ndi ana awo zokhudzana ndi kugonana komanso zibwenzi kuyambira ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.
"Tikuwona kuchuluka kweniko komanso kuopsa kwa mkhalidwe," a Tucci adauza Inquirer.
"Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zolaula zomwe zimapangidwa mochuluka, ndipo ukadaulo wapangitsa kuti mwana aliyense yemwe ali ndi foni yam'manja athe kuwona.
"Nthawi zina amawonetsedwa (zolaula) ndi anthu achikulire ngati njira yodzikongoletsera komanso kuchitira nkhaza zachiwerewere, nthawi zina amawonetsedwa ndi anzawo ndi abale awo, ndipo nthawi zina amapunthwa chifukwa chongopezeka ndipo ndi chofikirika."
Tucci akuti zolaula zambiri pa intaneti zimaphatikizapo zachiwawa komanso amuna omwe amalamulira azimayi, nthawi zina m'magulu. Iye anati: “Kuwononga kwaubwenzi. Siosamala komanso osamala komanso ulemu.
Ndikupangitsa kuti kupsa mtima kukhala njira yolumikizana ndipo achinyamata sangathe kusiyanitsa. Mukadachita zomwe mudawona, mumakhala kuti mumadwala matenda osiyanasiyana komanso zimakuvutani, ndipo zimapweteka. ”
Madokotala amachita mantha ndi kuvulala kwakuthupi - osanenapo za mavuto azaumoyo - omwe amachokera kwa ana ndi achinyamata omwe amachita zachiwerewere. Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Australia Medical Association a Stephen Parnis ati madokotala akuwathandiza atsikana ambiri azaka zapakati kuti azitha kutenga pakati osafunikira, matenda opatsirana mwa kugonana ndi kuvulala kwamiseche monga anyamata 'akuwagwiritsa ntchito ndi kuwazunza'.
"Akulowerera matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso zachiwawa zomwe sizachilendo, komanso kupezeka kwa zolaula," akutero. "Zimabweretsa kuvulaza kwakuthupi komanso kwamaganizidwe kwa achinyamata aku Australia." Atsikana ambiri anatero, chifukwa akuganiza kuti ndizabwinobwino ndipo akufuna kukhala "bwenzi labwino".
Ku Gold Coast Center motsutsana ndi chiwawa, woyang'anira Di Macleod akulimbana ndi amayi ambiri achichepere omwe amavulala kwambiri m'mimba. Pamene ntchitoyo idayamba ku 1990, azimayi 100 okha a 2 ndiomwe amachitiridwa nkhanza zochokera kwa mnzake; chaka chatha anali 18 peresenti. Chiwerengero cha azimayi omwe akufuna thandizo kuchokera ku 113 ku 1990 mpaka 3079 chaka chatha. "Kupatula pa mchitidwe wogonana osagwirizana, tikuwona kuvulala kwina monga kugwidwa ndi kutsitsidwa," a Macleod auza Inquirer. "Tikuwona izi pakati pa anyamata kwambiri akufuna kuchita zomwe awona. Amayi achichepere sakufuna kuchita izi ndipo nthawi zambiri akukakamizidwa kuti achite izi. Ndikuganiza kuti tikuwona zowonera za pa intaneti zikhalidwe za pa intaneti - achinyamata akugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ngati wophunzitsa zogonana, popanda china chilichonse. Koma timatha bwanji kuthana ndi china chomwe chatenga 36 peresenti ya intaneti? ”
Ma foni am'manja - operekedwa kwa ana ndi makolo kuti awateteze - akupereka mwayi wosagwiritsidwa ntchito pa intaneti. Achinyamata 85 pa achinyamata ali ndi foni yamakono; mu 2011 chithunzicho chinali 25 peresenti. Awiri mwa atatu mwa achinyamata amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti kutsitsa makanema ndipo 28 peresenti imakhala pa intaneti pakati pa 10pm mpaka pakati pausiku.
Susan McLean, yemwe adagwirirapo ntchito pa Victoria Police ngati "cyber Cop" kwa 27 zaka asanakhazikitse kampani yake ya cyber Safety Solutions, akuti makolo ambiri sazindikira kuopsa kothana ndi ana popanda kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mosasamala.
"Ndikuitanidwa kuti ndithane ndi ana aang'ono omwe akuchita zambiri kuposa 'madokotala ndi anamwino'," akuuza Inquirer. "Pali zifukwa ziwiri zokha zomwe amakhalira motere: amawonetsedwa kudzera pazolaula, kapena adawachitira. Zolaula zimawoneka, ana amazionera ndipo makolo ambiri alibe chidziwitso. Sukulu sizikuyenda bwino. ”
National watoto Commissioner a Megan Mitchell achenjeza kuti ana ambiri "amabwera zolaula mwangozi". "Ili ndi maphunziro okha omwe ana ena amapanga zokhudzana ndi kugonana komanso kugonana," akutero. "Saphunziranso kuti kugonana kumakhudzanso ubale komanso ubale."
Mitchell akuti makolo akuyenera kukhala atcheru kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ana awo pa intaneti, koma "masukulu ndi ena nawonso alowa m'malo" nawonso. "Sitingapitilize kunamizira kuti izi zichoka," akutero. “Tiyenera kukhala pamwamba pa zinthu izi. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndiyophatikizira kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera (za intaneti) zotetezedwa komanso maphunziro abwino okhudzana ndi kugonana. ”
Kuthana ndi zolaula mosavuta komanso mwangozi ndikusokoneza makolo omwe akuvutika kuti ayang'anire ana awo pa intaneti ndi kusukulu. Bungwe lotetezedwa ndi boma la Safe School Coalition lomwe limathandizidwa ndi boma - pulogalamu yotsutsana ndi kuponderezana kwa ophunzira ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha - imalimbikitsa kuti ophunzira afunefune zambiri kuchokera pa webusayiti ina yothandizidwa ndi okhometsa misonkho, Minus 18, yomwe imapereka zidziwitso zogonana kwa achinyamata ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
Mndandanda wa a Minus 18 a "mawebusayiti ofunikira" adaphatikizanso ulalo waogulitsa zogonana, The Tool Shed, and Scarleteen, tsamba lomwe limayang'ana achinyamata omwe amapereka "kugonana kwa dziko lenileni". Maulalo adachotsedwa pambuyo Australiya adaulula za moyo wawo sabata yatha. Webusayiti ya Minus 18 idaphatikizaponso nkhani yomwe inali ndi "Valani ma track anu", yomwe idapereka malangizo mwatsatanetsatane pofotokozera mbiri zosaka za intaneti.
Mkulu wa bungwe loona za ana la eSafety la boma, Alastair MacGibbon, wapolisi wakale waku Australia ochita zachiwawa pa intaneti, akuti zolaula ndizopatsirana. Amalangiza makolo kuti "azikambirana zogonana" ndi ana awo asanakumane ndi zolaula kunyumba, kusukulu kapena kunyumba za anzawo.
"Chowonadi ndi chakuti mwana m'modzi m'magulu anzanga atatha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi, adzagawana," akutero.
"Nkhani yofunikira kwambiri ndiyakuti makolo ndi achikulire odalirika azilankhula ndi ana zaubwenzi wopatsidwa ulemu, chifukwa akapanda kutero, Google iphunzitsa ana awo zakugonana - ndipo sizabwino."
Tucci akuti ambiri mwa ana omwe amatumizidwa ku Australia Childhood Foundation kuti apangire upangiri ali pachiwopsezo, atakhala kuti achitiridwa zachiwawa pabanja, kuchitiridwa nkhanza zachiwerewere, kupsinjika kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kupezerera anzawo.
"Zithunzi zolaula ndizabwino kwa ana omwe ali pachiwopsezo," akutero. “Ana ena akuchita izi ngati njira yofuna kutonthoza ena. Kwa mwana wazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena zisanu ndi zitatu ndi njira yochezera kuti azicheza ndi ena, kapena kuti awone ngati akuwongolera. ”
Pazamankhwala, ana amaphunzitsidwa zokhudzana ndi kugonana kolemekezeka. "Tiwawonetsa kuti sizowona, sizabodza, zimapweteka, ndipo kukakamiza komanso kulumikizana siali gawo logonana," akutero Tucci.
Mwa ana omwe amavutitsa ana ena, atatu mwa anayi ndi anyamata, koma Tucci samawatchula kuti olakwa. "Adakali ana ndipo zomwe amafunikira kwa ife komanso anthu mdera sizabwino," akutero. "Zomwe amafunikira ndikumvera chisoni ndikumvetsetsa ndikuwathandiza."
Pulofesa waku South Australia wotchuka Freda Briggs, yemwe adalangiza maboma amgwirizano ndi boma, apolisi ndi magulu amatchalitchi pachitetezo cha ana kwa zaka za 30, akuti nkhanza pakati pa ana zimakhalabe "zoyipa" pakati pa aphunzitsi. Nthawi zambiri omwe amazunzidwa amachotsedwa sukulu pomwe omwe amawazunza atsala, machitidwe awo amawati "ndiwoyeso wamba" kapena "anyamata adzakhala anyamata".
"Vuto ndiloti aphunzitsi, apolisi kapena ogwira ntchito zachitukuko sawoneka kuti sanachite bwino kuchita zinthuzi moyenera," Briggs adauza Nyumba yamalamulo yokhudza zolaula za ana. “Kulephera kuchitira ana nkhanza ndi ana mokwanira kumatanthawuza kuti mavuto akuwonjezeka pamene akuchitiridwa chipongwe. Khalidweli limakulirakulira ndipo limatha kukhala pokhapokha atasangalatsidwa ndi mphamvu. ”
Briggs - membala wa Order of Australia yemwe amakhala ndi mpando woyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa ana ku UniSA - ati nkhani ya kindergarten yaku South Australia "ndizomwe zimachitika kwina". "Masukulu amayesera kuwombera vuto pansi pamphasa kuti asayang'ane ndi makolo komanso kuti asalembetse anthu omwe abwera," adauza ofunsirawo.
Kugonjera kwake kukulemba zina mwa zakhumudwitsa za ana omwe amaphunzira nawo - kuphatikizapo mwana wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi yemwe anakakamiza kugonana pamlomo pa anyamata a kindergarten mu kanyumba kamasukulu, ndi gulu la anyamata omwe adatsata mwana wamkazi wazaka zisanu kulowa zimbudzi , adamukhazika pansi ndikuwachotsa mu "shawa wagolide".
Pokambirana ndi ana oposa 700 pa kafukufuku wa Australia waku Council Council, a Briggs adawafunsa zomwe adachita ndi makolo awo kuti asangalale. Modabwitsa, anyamata ena azaka zapakati pa 6 mpaka eyiti adamuuza kuti amawonera zolaula pa intaneti ndi abambo awo - chifukwa "ndizomwe anyamata".
"Makolo sakudziwa zoopsa chifukwa amangoganiza zongoteteza ana awo kwa achikulire omwe achoka," Briggs adauza Inquirer. "Ophunzitsa amaoneka kuti sanaphunzitsidwe mokwanira m'mayunivesite awo asanachitike ntchito ndipo ndi ntchito yayikulu m'madipatimenti yophunzitsa kuphunzitsa ogwira ntchito."
MacGibbon, eSafety Commissioner, amafuna makolo kuti "akweze" ndikuwunika kugwiritsa ntchito kwa ana awo pa intaneti, ndikuyika zosefera pazida monga iPod, iPads, makompyuta ndi ma Smartphones. Akuumiriza, ngakhale izi "sizoyeseza koma ndi nkhani yamavuto".
"Zikutanthauza kuti tizikhala osasangalatsa kucheza ngati gulu," akutero. "Ngati sitikunena za izi, timangokhala pansi ana athu."
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