Kodi kusokoneza chikhumbo cha ubongo kumayendedwe abwino?
Mankhwala omwe amakupangitsani kuti mukhale okhoza komanso okangalika komanso ofunitsitsa sangakhale okhawo omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu. Monga momwe zilili ndi Viagra, padzakhala kugwiritsa ntchito zambiri pamakalata.-Julian Dibbell, The Observer
"Mapiritsi otsekemera" abwerera ndipo akusintha njira yathu. Mwawona 'Viagra Ya Akazi' Amamuyang'ana… Ubongo. Mankhwalawa, omwe amasintha kapangidwe kake ka ubongo kuti "athetse chilakolako cha amayi," amagwira ntchito "poyambitsa kupanga dopamine, [ndipo] ali ndi kuthekera kosintha mankhwala azakugonana monga momwe Viagra adachitira."
Viagra, zachidziwikire, imalunjika mitsempha yamagazi (kuti ipange zovuta), osati ubongo. Sichimayambitsa chilakolako kapena chiwonongeko. Amuna ambiri, kumverera kwa kukonzekera kumapangitsa chidwi, monganso momwe zimachitikira. Koma kwa ena, komanso kwa akazi, Viagra samadula. Chifukwa chake opanga mankhwalawo akufuna kuti apeze nyundo yayikulu kwa aliyense amene angafune ziphuphu zambiri kuposa zomwe ali nazo pakadali pano. (Kumbukirani kuti gululi likuphatikizaponso omwe adalimbikitsidwa ndipo kudzidzimva okha ndimankhwala ochuluka kwambiri. Amayi nthawi zambiri amalankhula kuti vibrator imagwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zawo zoberekera, komanso ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula nthawi zambiri lipoti nkhawa za kugonana kwawo pa kugonana ndi wokondedwa.)
Monga momwe tawonetsera muzolemba "Kukula Kwanga Kwambiri, ”Mabizinesi akuluakulu akachita zofuna zamphatso za anthu, tiyenera kuyembekezera kugulitsa malonda mwamphamvu ndi kukopa anthu osokoneza bongo komanso omwe siabwino. Monga chikhalidwe titha kukhala ndi zolinga zakanthawi kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kwakuti timatha kuwona zoyipa zazomwe timachita ndi zolinga zathu zazikulu (monga kulumikizana ndi ena).
Pakadali pano, chidwi chokhudza mankhwalawa chikuzungulira mkangano wawung'ono woti "Kodi ndizoyenera kupatsa amayi mwayi wogonana?" Uku ndiye kukambirana koyenera. Komabe chowopsa chachikulu chimabisala: Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito potumiza mphotho ya wogwiritsa ntchito, mpando wakukhumba-mosasamala za chikhalidwe. Imatero pokweza dopamine ("ndiyenera kukhala nayo!" Wamaubongo). Izi zikuyenera kulira mabelu akuchenjeza. Izi zili choncho, Ubongo wazimayi umakhala wokhudzidwa ndi kukokomeza, monga amuna.
Mankhwala ena omwe amatsanzira dopamine-omwe amaperekedwa kuti akwaniritse malo owongolera ubongo mwa odwala a Parkinson ndi odwala matenda amiyendo osasunthika-mwadzidzidzi ataya mphotho za odwala ena kunja kwa kilter, ndikupanga zodabwitsa komanso zowononga. Kuchokera mkati mwakale kwambiri muubongo limbic system, oyang'anira mphotho yathu samangoyang'anira chilakolako chogonana; ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri mkati mwa kampasi yathu yamkati - gwero la malingaliro athu m'matumbo ndi zomwe timachita. Ikachotsedwa, momwemonso kuweruza kwathu. Ndipo ndi dopamine yowonjezera mu kusakaniza, itha kukhala njira kuchoka.
Mu 2005, Mayo Clinic idanenanso kuti mankhwala a Parkinson's, omwe amasefukira ndi ma dopamine receptors (ambiri mwa iwo omwe amakhala m'malo ozungulira mphotho aubongo), amatha kulimbikitsa chidwi cha odwala kugonana, chakudya, mowa ndi njuga. Ndipotu, mmodzi mwa anthu khumi a ku Scotland amene amadwala mankhwala opangira dopamine anayamba kukhala aakulu kwambiri kutchova njuga. Komanso taganizirani zomwe zinachitikira Mfalansa wina yemwe anauzidwa mankhwalawa. Khoti linam'patsa malo ambiri, akuyesa kuti mankhwalawa adamupangitsa kukhala wotchiva njuga ndi wakuba kukakamiza kugonana amuna okhaokha (anali wowongoka pomwe sanali pamankhwala a dopamine). Momwemonso, atakhala zaka zambiri mosagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, wodwala wokalamba wa Parkinson adayamba kuvala zovala za mkazi wake womwalirayo. Pulogalamu ya Pemphani kuti muwonongeke pamene kusintha kwake kunasinthidwa.
Kumveka mokokomeza? Kuchulukitsa kwa dopamine kumalumikizidwa ndi psychosis, kukakamizidwa, fetish, schizophrenia ndi zosokoneza. Mneneri wa Mayo adati, "Madokotala athu a mitsempha atachotsa odwalawo pamankhwala, angapo adatinso kuthana ndi vuto lawo. Wodwala wina adati zili ngati kuti magetsi azima. ” Kodi Purezidenti wakale a Clinton kapena a Mark Sanford adathandizidwa chifukwa chamiyendo yopuma?
Tsopano, ganizirani zotsatira zowopsa za mankhwala anafuna kuti azitha kuyendetsa mphoto ya ubongo. Dopamine amafika poyembekezera makhalidwe okondweretsa ndi owopsa, chifukwa chake mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti dopamine ayambe.
Komabe m'kupita kwanthawi, dopamine kwambiri mungathe imayambitsa kuchepa kwa dopamine komanso kusinthasintha kwamaganizidwe-onse okwera komanso otsika. Ndichoncho. Kuchulukitsa kwa dopamine kumatha kubweretsa osatha otsika dopamine. Makina oyendetsa mphotho yaubongo amakonzedwa bwino komanso ndi pulasitiki. Kafukufuku wokonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo akuwonetsa kuti ngati titha kusefukira ndi dopamine (monga ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a cocaine), imayamba kudziyesa yokha kuti athane ndi kuchuluka.
Monga momwe mungatseke mawindo pakugwa mvula yamabingu, mphotho yanu yoyendetsa pansi imayang'anira zolandilira za dopamine pamaselo ofunikira a minyewa mutatha kukondoweza kwambiri. Makamaka ndimagawo obwerezabwereza, oyang'anira mphotho amaganiza kuti "mkuntho" wina uli panjira, chifukwa chake sungabwerere momwe umakhalira nthawi yomweyo. Zimakhala zachisoni. (Mankhwala a Parkinson nawonso amalephera kugwira ntchito pakapita nthawi.)
Zotsatira zakukhazikika? Magulu abwinobwino a dopamine sangayambitse chiyembekezo chobisika komanso chiyembekezo chomwe chimapangitsa m'mawa kukhala chinthu chosangalatsa. Ulesi woterewu umangobisalira, koma ulinso achire. Ndi zachilendo kumva zowola pamene ubongo wathu umasinthanso kotero, kuyankhanso moyenera ku dopamine.
Pakadali pano, titha kukhala ofunitsitsa kuti "timve bwino," kuti tithe kufikira zina mwazinthu zolimbikitsa zomwe zimayambitsa dopamine: mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mowa, kuwononga ndalama, chakudya chopanda thanzi, zolaula pa intaneti, juga, kuchita "zoletsedwa" kugonana, ndi zina zotero. Tsoka, kukondoweza kowonjezera kumatha kubweretsanso malire-komanso chilimbikitso champhamvu chothandizira. Mwachidule, kuchepa kwa dopamine, monga dopamine highs, kumatha kuyendetsa machitidwe okakamiza.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake “Kukhumudwa kuli kwakukulu zokhudzana ndi khalidwe loopsa, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, uchidakwa, ndi chiwerewere choopsa. ” Ena amaganiza kuti kukhumudwa kumangoyambitsa zochitika, koma ndizotheka kuti kukondoweza mopitilira muyeso kumabweretsa kukhumudwa (matenda otsika kwambiri a dopamine), ndikutsatiridwa ndi kuyesayesa kodziyesera nokha kufuna mankhwala a dopamine.
Kupatula pachiwopsezo chotere, kukulitsa chizolowezi cha okonda zolaula kumatha kuperekanso mwayi kwa makampani opanga mankhwala. Akuyesa kale "mankhwala oletsedwa" omwe amayendetsa mphotho ya ubongo mwa… mudaganizira ...kutseka zotsatira za dopamine. Mayesero apangitsa odwala ena kudandaula kwakukulu ndipo ngakhale kudzipha. Ndipo mumatenga chiyani ngati simukusewera mosavuta monga momwe mumafunira, koma komanso ali ndi chizolowezi choledzera?
Mwinanso zikuwonekeratu kuti kubera dopamine kuti uganize zogonana kumatha kupanga mitundu yonse yazotsatira zosafunikira. Choyipa chachikulu nchakuti, odwala sangayerekeze kuyanjanitsa zizindikilo zawo ndi mapiritsi oyenera, chifukwa zotsatira zake zitha kuwonekera kunja m'chipinda chogona. Mwachitsanzo, odwala omwe amagonana ndi anthu ogonana amavomereza kuti ali ndi chizoloŵezi choyambitsa matendawa, kutanthauza kuledzera kwa zinthu zina kapena ntchito zina monga kumwa mowa, kutchova njuga kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Asayansi asonyezanso kuti makoswe omwe amagonana ndiwowona kwambiri akhoza kuyamba kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuposa namwali amtundu. Chachitatu, achinyamata ogonana amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mowa kwambiri.
Zochitika ku America ndi ndudu ndi zakudya zachangu akuwonetsa kuti anthu ndi abwino kwambiri kufufuza ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zomwe zimapangitsa mpata woyendetsera ubongo, komanso zoipa kwambiri pozindikira zovuta za anthu komanso zoledzeretsa zomwe zimatsatira. Kuchepetsa chilakolako cha kugonana kwa udindo ndi phindu la chakudya chofulumira chimayambitsa mavuto enieni. Dopamine dysregulation ndi imodzi. Kukhala ndi chilakolako chathu chogonana kungatifooketse kuti tiphunzire kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zathu zonse za thanzi ndi chimwemwe. Zokongola ngati zikhoza kuoneka, kufulumizitsa kugonana ndi chidziwitso chochuluka sikungowonjezera chikondi. Zingatheke, mofulumira, kufulumizitsa Coolidge zotsatira (chizoloŵezi pakati pa okwatirana).
Tiyeni tifunse mafunso enanso tisanamwe mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kuzungulira kwa ubongo komwe kumayendetsa chilakolako chogonana komanso kusuta.
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