Uhlalutyo lwe "Isifiso soSondo, asikho ukuXhatshazwa koBucinga, luxhomekeke kwiimpendulo ze-neurophysiological ezifunyenwe yizithombe zocansi" (Steele et al., 2013)

IVERSION OKUQHELEKILEYO: Kwiminyaka ethile edluleyo, uDavid Ley kwaye ufunda isithethi UNicole Prause iqela ukuya kubhala Psychology Namhlanje iposi ngeposi Steele et al., 2013 ebizwa ngokuba "Ubuchopho Bakho kwi-Porn - AYIKHULI". Iposi lebhokisi yabonakala ngeenyanga ze-5 phambi kokuba Isifundo se-EEG se-Prause sapapashwa ngokusesikweni. Isihloko sayo se-oh-so-catchy siyalahlekisa njengoko singenanto yakwenza nayo Ubunjani bakho kwiSigonyo okanye i-neuroscience yenziwa khona. Kunoko, uMatshi ka-David Ley, i-post ye-blog ye-2013 ibeka umlinganiselo kwisifundo esisodwa se-EEG esichaphazelekayo - Steele et al., 2013.

uhlaziyo: Kule ntshumayelo ye-2018 uGary Wilson uchaza inyaniso emva kwee-5 izifundo ezibuzayo kunye nezikhohlisayo, kuquka le sifundo (Steele et al., 2013): Uphando Lophando: Okwenyaniso okanye Imfundiso?

UDavid Ley nguye umbhali Inkolelo-ngxaki yoTywala, kwaye uyayiphika enkolelweni yesini kunye noxilongo. Ley ubhale i-30 okanye i-blog posts hlasela iiforamu zokubuyiselwa koononophelo, kunye nokugxotha iziyobisi kwi-porn. I-Ley kunye nePrause ayibangamaqela kuphela ukubhala i-Ley's Psychology Namhlanje iposi ngeposi Steele et al., 2013, kamva bajoyina imikhosi ukupapasha iphepha le-2014 ukuxoshelwa umlingo wezobisi.

Sihlala sibona uLey's Psychology Namhlanje Ipositi yeblogi echazwe kwiingxoxo malunga nokulutha kwezilwanyana. Nangona abaninzi bebalitshilo njengobungqina bobubungqina bokubakho kobugqwetha be-porn, abambalwa abanalo nantoni na Steele et al., 2013 eneneni ixeliwe. Ukuba ukukhangela ngokungakhethi kuGoogle kuko konke onako, yile nto uyiposayo. Enyanisweni, i-Prause ye-2013 ye-EEG isifundo ngokwenene isekela imodeli yoxhatshazo lwezobisi kwaye ayifumananga nento eyenziwa nguLey okanye iPrause. Uhlalutyo olwenziwe ngoontanga ezisixhenxe Steele et al. 2013 ichaza indlela Steele et al. iziphumo zibolekisa inkxaso kumzekelo wokuxhatshazwa koonwabo. Amaphepha afana ne-YBOP ayicacisa ngokuba sonke siyavuma ukuba Steele et al. efumene oku kulandelayo:

  • Abasebenzisi bezononophelo abaqhelekileyo babenomlinganiselo omkhulu-i-reactivity (ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephezulu) kwimifanekiso yesondo ehambelana nemifanekiso engathathi hlangothi (efanayo neziyobisi eziyingozi xa zityhila kwiziganeko ezinxulumene nokuxhatshazwa kwabo).
  • Abantu abanomdla omkhulu-ukusetyenziswa kwezononwabo kwakunjalo Ngaphantsi umnqweno wesondo kunye nomlingane (kodwa kungekhona umnqweno omncinci wokugcoba i-pornography). Lo ngumqondiso wobabini kunye nokunyanzeliswa.

Amathathu amaphepha akwachaza indlela yokufunda engenaziphene kunye nezigqibo ezingenasiqinisekiso. Iphepha # 1 lizinikele ngokupheleleyo Steele et al., 2013. Amaphepha 2-8 aqule iziqendu zokuhlalutya Steele et al., 2013:

  1. 'Isifiso esiphakamileyo', okanye 'ngokukhawuleza' Isiyobisi? Impendulo Steele et al. (2013), nguDonald L. Hilton, Jr., MD
  2. I-Neural Correlates ye-Sexual Cue Reactivity kubantu ngabanye kunye nabangenayo i-2014, ngo-Valerie Voon, uThomas B. Mole, uPaul Banca, uLaura Porter, uLaurel Morris, uSimon Mitchell, uTatyana R. Lapa, uJudy Karr, uNeil A. Harrison, uMarc N. Potenza, noMichael Irvine
  3. I-Neuroscience ye-Intanethi yezoTyhila: Ukuhlaziywa kunye nokuhlaziywa (2015), nguTodd Uthando, uChristian Laier, uMatthias Brand, uLinda Hatch noRaju Hajela
  4. Ngaba iinthombe zoononopasho ze-intanethi zibangelwa izidakamizwa zesondo? Ukuhlaziywa ngeeNgxelo zeKliniki (2016), nguBrian Y. Park, uGary Wilson, uJonathan Berger, uMateyu Christman, uBryn Reina, uFrank Bishop, uWarren P. Klam no-Andrew P. Doan
  5. Imilinganiselo yokuCamngca kunye neNgengqiqo yoxinzelelo: Ngaba bayayikhathaza ngokuphindaphindiweyo kweeNografi? (2017) ngo-Sajeev Kunaharan, uSean Halpin, uTeagarajan Sitharthan, uShannon Bosshard kunye noPeter Walla
  6. Iindlela ezingenayo i-neurocognitive in-disorder of behavior behavior disorder (2018), uEwelina Kowalewska, uJoshua B. Grubbs, uMarc N. Potenza, Mateusz Gola, Małgorzata, kunye neShane W.Kraus.
  7. I-Sexual Addiction Online: Into esiyayaziyo kunye neyonto esiyiyiyo-Ukuhlolwa kweNkqubo (2019), uRubén de Alarcón, uJavier I. de la Iglesia, uNerea M. Casado no-Angel L. Montejo.
  8. Ukuqaliswa noPhuhliso lwe-Cybersex Addiction: Ukuxhatshazwa komntu ngamnye, ukulungiswa koMgaqo kunye neNewural Mechanism "(2019) nguHe Wei, Shi Yahuan, Zhang wei, Luo Wenbo, Wiezhan

Phawula: Ngaphezulu kwezifundo ze-25 zikhohlisa ibango lokuba isini kunye neziyobisi ezingamanyala "banomnqweno ophezulu wesondo". Oku kubalulekile njengoko uPrause ebanga ukuba izifundo zakhe zinee-libidos eziphezulu (kodwa azizange, njengoko uza kubona ngezantsi).

intshayelelo

Isifundo seLabhan ye-SPAN: “Isifiso socansi, kungekhona ukuxhatshazwa kwezesini, kuxhomekeke kwiimpendulo ze-Neurophysiological ezifunyenwe yizithombe zocansi" (yaziwa njenge Steele et al., 2013).

Olu cwaningo lwe-2013 ye-EEG luye lwafunyanwa kwimidiya njengobungqina obuchasene nokukhokelwa kwezilwanyana ezingcolileyo (okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kwesondo). Kwinyani, I-YBOP icwangcisa olu pho nonongo njengokweseka ubukho bobulili. Ngoba? Uphononongo lubhale ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephezulu (P300) xa izifundo zibonakaliswe kwiifoto zoononophelo. I-P300 ephakamileyo iyenzeka xa izilonda zichazwe kwiinkcazo (ezifana nemifanekiso) ezihambelana nomlingo wazo.

Ukongeza, isifundo sichaze ukuba ngabanye ukukhwabanisa okukhulu kwe-pornography ayenayo umnqweno omncinci wesondo kunye nomlingane (kodwa kungekhona umnqweno omncinci wokugcoba i-pornography). Ukubeka enye indlela - abantu abane-activation ebukrelekrele ngakumbi kunye nokunqwenela iphonografi kunokuba bathande ukuphulula amaphambili kwi-porn kunokuba babelane ngesondo nomntu wokwenyani.

Kwi-press, okhulumela isifundo uNicole Prause wathi abasebenzisi bezentombazana babenokuba ne-libido ephezulu, kodwa iziphumo zesifundo zithetha into ehlukileyo. Inyaniso, ukukhwabanisa okukhulu kwi-porn, kunye nomnqweno ongaphantsi wesini kunye nabalingani bangempela, ulungelelanisa I-2014 yaseYunivesithi yeCambridge University ihlola ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kwizilonda zoonwabo. Njengoko uza kubona ngezantsi, iziphumo ezikhoyo zolu phononongo lwe-EEG azingqinelani nezihloko ezihlanganisiweyo okanye amabango ombhali.

Kulo luhlu olulandelayo silugqithisa izimangalo ezingenasisiseko kwaye sibonakalise oko kufunyaniswa ngokuqinisekileyo, kwaye kutheni akufanele kushicilelwe. Ndiyaphakamisa ingcaciso emfutshane, ejongene namabango amathathu aphambili adluliselwe kumajelo.

uhlaziyo: Kuninzi luye lwaqala ukususela ngoJulayi, i-2013. UCLA akazange avuselele isivumelwano sikaNicole Prause (ekuqaleni kwe2015). Akusekho iPrause yezemfundo zibandakanya iziganeko ezininzi ezixutywayo kunye nokuhlanjululwa njengengxenye yenkqubela eqhubekayo ye "astroturf" yokukholisa abantu ukuba nabani na ongavumelani nezigqibo zakhe kufuneka baqalekiswe. Udumo luqokelele imbali ende abalobi abahlukumezayo, abaphandi, abaphengululi, abathathi-ntatheli nabanye abanobuqili bokuvakalisa ubungqina benzakalisi kwi-intanethi. Ubonakala ngathi iyancwina kakhulu kwiinkampani zoonografi, njengoko kubonakala kulo umfanekiso wakhe (ekunene) kwicala elibomvu le-X-Rated Critics Organization (XRCO). (Ngokutsho kweWikipedia I-XRCO Awards kunikwa nguMelika I-X-Rated Critics Organization rhoqo ngonyaka kubantu abasebenzisa ukuzonwabisa ngokudala kwaye yimivuzo yabantu abadala abadala kuphela abonakaliswe kuphela kwiimveliso zoshishino.[1]). Kwakhona kubonakala ukuba iPrause ingaba nayo bafumana abenzi bezithombe zoononondazi njengezifundo ngokusebenzisa elinye iqela lokuthabatha inzondo, i Ulungelelaniso lweNtetho yeNtetho. Izifundo ezifunyenwe nge-FSC kuthiwa zazisetyenziswa kuye isifundo sokuqesha umpu kwi ngco lisile kwaye Intengiso kakhulu "yokuCamngca ngokuDibeneyo" icebo (ngoku iphandwe yi-FBI). Umcule uyenzile amabango angaxhaswanga malunga iziphumo zezifundo zakhe kunye naye iindlela zokufunda. Ukufumana amaxwebhu amaninzi, funda: Ngaba uNicole Prause Uchithezelwa yiShishini lezono?

Uhlaziyo (Ihlobo, 2019): NgoMeyi 8, 2019 UDonald Hilton, MD wafaka isimangalo ngomntu ngamnye ityala ngokuchasene noNicole Prause kunye neLiberos LLC (UGqr. Hilton wagxekwa Steele et al. kwi2014). NgoJulayi 24, 2019 UDonald Hilton wenza izilungiso kwisikhalazo sakhe ukuqaqambisa (i-1) isikhalazo se-Texas Board of Medical Examiners isikhalazo, (i-2) izityholo zobuxoki zokuba uGqr.UJohn Adler, MD, UGary Wilson, Alexander Rhode, Ukuhluma kwe-Staci, I-LICSW, Linda Hatch, PhD, UBradley Green, PhD, I-Stefanie Carnes, PhD, UGeoff Goodman, PhD, Laila Haddad.)

VERSION

nxaxheba: Izifundo zovavanyo ezingama-52 zagaywa ngeentengiso "ecela abantu abajongene neengxaki ezilawula ukujonga kwabo imifanekiso yesondo. ” Abathathi-nxaxheba (i-avareji yobudala be-24) yayingumxube wamadoda (39) kunye nabasetyhini (13). Abathathi-nxaxheba aba-7 babekho engekhongqabane. Iphutha elikhulu kwi-Prause Studies (Steele et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2015kukuba akukho mntu waziyo ukuba, ukuba ikho, yezifundo zikaPrause zazingamakhoboka eziyobisi ezingamanyala. Kudliwanondlebe luka-2013 UNicole Prause Uyavuma ukuba ininzi yezifundo zakhe zifumana iingxaki ezincinane (oko kuthetha ukuba babengabalandeli bezilonda).

"Olu phononongo lubandakanya kuphela abantu abachaze iingxaki, ukusukela kwizinto ezincinci ukuya kwiingxaki ezinkulu, ukulawula ukubonwa kwabo kwezesondo ezibonakalayo."

Ngaphandle kokungaqinisekanga ukuba zeziphi izifundo ezibangelwa umlutha wobugqwetha, zonke izifundo zoMdumo, kubandakanywa nale, zenze asikhenkethi izifundo zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuziphatha okunyanzelisayo, okanye ezinye izilingo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu nakweyiphi na "isifundo sobuchopho" kumlutha, hleze ukudideka kunike iziphumo ezingenantsingiselo

Esinye isiphene esibulalayo kukuba Steele et al. Izifundo zazingekho i-heterogeneous (efanayo iya kwezinye izifundo ze-Prause). Babenjalo amadoda kunye nabasetyhini, kuquka ne-7 engeyiyo, kodwa bonke baboniswa ngokulinganayo, mhlawumbi abangenathandekayo, abesilisa nabasetyhini. Le yedwa ihlawula nayiphi na iziphumo. Ngoba? Ukufunda emva kokufunda kuqinisekisa ukuba amadoda nabesifazana banokubaluleka hlukile Iimpendulo zengqondo kwiimifanekiso zesondo okanye iifilimu. Yingakho abaphandi abanomdla ngokugqithisileyo badibanisa ngokucophelela izifundo. Ekubeni i-Prause Studies ayifuni, iziphumo zingathembekanga, kwaye azikwazi ukusetyenziswa ukuba zikhohlise nantoni na.

Oko Benza: Ukufundwa kwe-EEG (umsebenzi wombane kwi-scalp) ithathwa njengababambisini bajonga iifoto ze-225. I-38 yemifanekiso yayisondo, kwaye bonke abathintekayo omnye umfazi kunye nendoda eyodwa. Olu luhlobo lwe-EEG lokufunda (P300) ukuthobela ukunyanzeliswa. Abathathi-nxaxheba bagqityiwe nemibuzo ye-4: I-Wishing Desire Inventory (SDI), isiCwangciso sokunyanzelisa iSondo (SCS), iziphumo zeCognitive and Behavioral ye-Sexual Responsibility Questionnaire (SBOSBQ), kwaye Ukusetyenziswa koonografiEhlukileyo (I-PCES).

Iphepha lemibuzo eliqeshwe kuvavanyo "lweziyobisi ezingamanyala" (Isikali sokunyanzelwa ngokwesondo) ayiqinisekanga njengesixhobo sokubhenwa kwezilwanyana ezingcolileyo. Yadalwa kwi-1995 kwaye yenzelwe ngesondo esingalawulekiyo ubudlelwane (kunye namaqabane) engqondweni, malunga nokuphanda i-AIDS ephene. I I-SCS ithi:

"Isilinganisi esifanelekileyo [siboniswe?] Ukuqikelela ukulinganiswa kweendlela zokuziphatha ngokwesini, iinani leziqabane zesini, ukuziphatha kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zesondo, kunye neembali zezifo ezithathelwana ngesondo."

Ngapha koko, bahambisa iphepha lemibuzo kwizifundo zabasetyhini. Ukanti umphuhlisi weSCS ulumkisa ukuba esi sixhobo asizukubonisa ukuba sisifo sengqondo kwabafazi,

"Unxibelelwano phakathi kwamanqaku okunyanzelwa ngokwesini kunye namanye amanqaku e-psychopathology abonise iipatheni ezahlukeneyo zamadoda nabasetyhini; Ukunyanzelwa ngokwesondo kwakudityaniswa nesalathiso se-psychopathology emadodeni kodwa kungekhona kwabasetyhini. "

Ukulula, i-3 Prause Studies (Steele et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2015) bonke abandakanyekayo zifundo ezifanayo -Kwaye bonke basilele ukuvavanya ukuba ingaba izifundo zazingamakhoboka ezi-porn okanye hayi. Udumo luvumile ukuba uninzi lwezifundo lwalunobunzima bokulawula ukusetyenziswa. Zonke izifundo kuya kufuneka ziqinisekisiwe ukuba zilikhoboka le-porn ukuvumela ukuthelekiswa okusemthethweni neqela labangamakhoboka eziyobisi ezingamanyala.

Injongo: Ukufuna unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-EEG yokufunda i-avareji kunye nenqaku labathathi-nxaxheba kwimibuzo eyahlukeneyo-kwithiyori yokuba naluphi na unxibelelwano luya kukhanyisa ukuba ingxaki yokusebenzisa iphonografi ngumsebenzi wokulutha okanye libido ephezulu.

Isiphumo: Ababhali bebango lokufunda bathi bafumene ukulungelelanisa okubalulekileyo phakathi kwazo zonke iinkcukacha eziqokelelweyo:

"Ulwahlulo olukhulu lwe-P300 ukulinganiswa kwezinto zesini esithandekayo, ngokunxulumene nesisombululo sokungathathi hlangothi, kwakunjalo kakubi ezinxulumene nemilinganiselo yesifiso sesondo, kodwa engahambelani nemilinganiselo yoxhatshazo. "

translation: Ngona nto ithetha umnqweno ophantsi. Abantu abanomdla omkhulu-ukusebenzisana noononophelo banomnqweno omncinane wokulala ngesondo kunye nomlingane (kodwa hayi umnqweno osezantsi wokuhlambalaza). Ukubeka enye indlela - abantu abanokusebenza kwengqondo ngakumbi kunye nokunqwenela iphonografi kunokuba baphulula amalungu esini kunokuba babelane ngesondo nomntu wokwenyani. Oku kulandelwa kulandelwa sesi sigqibo:

isiphelo: Impembelelo yokuqonda ukuxhatshazwa koxhatshazo nomnqweno ophezulu, kunokuxhatshazwa, kuxutyushwa.

Huh? Kwenzeke kakubi (ngaphantsi) ukuguqulwa ngokuhle (phezulu)? Kutheni kukho ukukhwabanisa okukhulu-ukusebenzisana noononophelo ukuhambelana kunye umnqweno ophantsi ukuba nesondo kunye neqabane elikhokelela kwisigqibo sokuthi u-hypersexual ufanele uqondwe nomnqweno ophezulu? Akukho mntu owaziyo, kodwa oku kuphawulekayo kwimiba yezihloko ezininzi. U-Nicole Prause usebenze njengomkhulumeli Steele et al., 2013 Kwimithombo yeendaba Umdumo uveza ezi ngxoxo zilandelayo ukuxhasa ibango lakhe lokuba "ukubakho kweziyobisi ezingamanyala akukho":

  1. In Ndlebe zeTV kunye UCLA u kukhutshwa Umphandi uNicole Prause ubanga ukuba izifundo zeengqondo aziphendulanga njengezinye iziyobisi.
  2. Izihloko eziphambili kunye nesiphelo sesifundo zibonisa ukuba "ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini" kuqondwa njengenomnqweno ophezulu", Ukanti isifundo sichaza ukuba izifundo ezinokusebenza kwengqondo ngakumbi kwi-porn umnqweno omncinane ngesondo.
  3. Steele et al. ugxeka ukuba ukungabikho kwemibutho phakathi kokufundwa kwe-EEG kunye nemibuzo ethile ithetha ukuba umlutha we-porn awukho.

Ungalufunda lonke uhlalutyo, kodwa nantsi i-scoop kwi-1, 2 ne-3 apha ngasentla.

IBANGO INOMBOLO 1: Impendulo yengqondo yezifundo yahlukile kwezinye iintlobo zamakhoboka (icocaine yayingumzekelo).

Uninzi lwe-hype kunye nezihloko ezijikeleze olu phononongo zihlala kweli bango lingaxhaswayo. Nalu uhanahaniso:

upapasho ndaba zekhampani:

"Ukuba ngenene banengxaki yokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini, okanye ukuba likhoboka lesini, impendulo yabo yobuchopho kwizimo zesondo ezibonakalayo zinokulindelwa ukuba ziphezulu, ngendlela efanayo nobuchopho bamakhoboka e-cocaine abonakalisiweyo ukuba asabele kwimifanekiso yeyeza kwezinye izifundo. ”

Intetho yeTV:

Umlobi: "Baboniswa imifanekiso eyahlukeneyo evuselela inkanuko, kunye nomsebenzi wabo wobuchopho."
Umthandazo"Ukuba ucinga ukuba iingxaki zesini kukukhobokisa, besingalindela ukubona impendulo ephuculweyo, mhlawumbi kule mifanekiso yesondo. Ukuba ucinga ukuba yingxaki yokungxamiseka, besinokulindela ukubona ukunciphisa iimpendulo kule mifanekiso yesondo. Into yokuba asibubonanga obunye bobuhlobo ibonisa ukuba akukho nkxaso ibalaseleyo yokujonga ezi ngxaki zokuziphatha ngokwesondo. "

Psychology Namhlanje udliwanondlebe:

Yintoni eyayiyinjongo yokufunda?

Umthandazo: Uvavanyo lwethu luvavanywe ukuba ngaba abantu abavakalisa iingxaki ezinjalo babonakala njengamanye amanxeba ezimpendulo zabo zobuchopho kwimifanekiso yesondo. Uphando lwezidakamizwa zeziyobisi, ezifana ne-cocaine, lubonise umzekelo ohambelanayo weempendulo zobuchopho kwimifanekiso yeziyobisi zokusetyenziswa kakubi, ngoko ke saxela ukuba kufuneka sibone iphethane efanayo kubantu ababika iingxaki zesini ukuba ngaba, ngokwenene, umlutha.

Ngaba oku kubonisa ukuba umlwelwe ngesondo buyingcali?

Umthandazo: Ukuba isifundo sethu sichazwa, ezi ziphumo ziza kuba ngumngeni omkhulu kwiingcamango ezikhoyo zesini "umlutha". Isizathu sokuba ezi zinto zifunyenwe ngumngeni kukuba kubonisa ukuba ubuchopho babo abuphendulanga kwimifanekiso njengamanye amayeza kumdla weziyobisi.

La mabango angentla athi "ubuchopho abuzange buphendule njengamanye amlutha”Ayinankxaso. Esi siqinisekiso asikho ndawo esifumaneka kwisifundo esifundo. Kufunyanwa kuphela kudliwanondlebe lukaPrause. Kwezi zifundo zinokufundwa okuphezulu kwe-EEG (P300) xa ujonga imifanekiso yezesondo- yeyona nto yenzekayo xa abo balikhoboka bejonga imifanekiso enxulumene nokulutha kwabo (njengakwi olu pho nonongo lwe-cocaine). Ukunika ingxelo phantsi Psychology Namhlanje udliwanondlebe yoMdumo, uprofesa ophakamileyo wezezinzululwazi ovela kuJohn A. Johnson uthe:

"Ingqondo yam isabambekile kuPrause ngelithi iingqondo zezifundo zakhe aziphendulanga kwimifanekiso yesondo njengeziyobisi 'iziyobisi' ziyaphendula kwiziyobisi, zinikwa ingxelo yeP300 ephezulu yemifanekiso yezesondo. Njengabakhobisi abonisa i-P300 spikes xa iziswa ziziyobisi zabo. Unokusifumana njani isigqibo esichasene neziphumo ezizezona? Ndicinga ukuba inokubangelwa kukuqonda kwakhe oko ebekulindele.

UJohn A. Johnson uyaqhubeka:

I-Mustanski iyabuza, "Yintoni eyayiyinjongo yokufunda?" Kunye noPrause uyaphendula, "Uphononongo lwethu luvavanywe ukuba ngaba abantu abavakalisa iingxaki ezinjalo [iingxaki ekulawuleni ukujonga kwabo kwi-online eerotica] bafana nezinye izilonda ezivela kwiimpendulo zabo zobuchopho kwimifanekiso yesondo."

Kodwa isifundo asizange siqhathanise ukurekhoda kwengqondo kubantu abaneengxaki ezilawula ukujonga kwabo kwi-online eerotica ekugqibeleni ubuchopho bezilwanyana eziluthayo kunye nokuqoshwa kwengqondo kwiqela elingalawulwa ngumlutha, eliya kuba yindlela ecacileyo yokubona ukuba ubuchopho buphendula njani iqela libukeka ngakumbi njengeempendulo zobuchopho bezilutha okanye ezingekho izilonda.

Kunoko, i-Prause ithi i-design-subject subject wayindlela engcono, apho izifundo zophando zisebenza njengeqela labo lolawulo. Ngalolu qulunqo, bafumene ukuba iimpendulo ze-EEG zezifundo zabo (njengeqela) kwimifanekiso e-erotic yayinamandla kuneempendulo zabo ze-EEG kwezinye iintlobo zemifanekiso. Oku kuboniswa kwisigcawu somgca ogqithiseleyo (nangona ngesizathu esithile igrafu ihluke kakhulu kwigrafu yangempela kwinqaku elipapashwe).

Ngoko eli qela elibika ingxaki ekulawuleni ukujonga kwabo kwi-eerotic online ine-EEG impendulo enamandla kwiimifanekiso ezikhulayo kunezinye iintlobo zemifanekiso. Ngaba iziyobisi zibonisa impendulo efanayo neyomeleleyo ye-EEG xa zinikwa ichiza lokukhetha? Asazi. Ngaba izinto eziqhelekileyo, ezingezozamakhoboka zibonisa impendulo ezinamandla njengeqela elinenkathazo kwi-erotica? Kwakhona, asazi. Asazi nokuba le patheni ye-EEG ifana kangakanani na neepateni zobuchopho beziyobisi okanye ezingekho iziyobisi.

Iqela lophando le-Prause libanga ukuba likwazi ukubonisa ukuba impendulo ephezulu ye-EEG yezifundo zabo kwi-erotica yindlela yokuphendula kwengqondo okanye umqondo ophakamileyo we-libido ngokulungelelanisa iseti yamanqaku emibuzo kunye nantlukwano kwimpendulo ye-EEG. Kodwa ukuchaza iyantlukwano kwimpendulo ye-EEG ngumbuzo owahlukileyo ekufumaneni ukuba impendulo yeqela liphela ikhangeleka iyongxaki na okanye hayi.

Iphepha elinempikiswano phakathi kukaNicole Prause (ngokungabonakaliyo) kunye noJohn A. Johnson: UJohn A. Johnson ngoSteele et al., 2013 (noJohnson baxela uNelsonle Prause kwicandelo lamagqabaza phantsi kweli nqaku malunga noSteele et al.).

Elula: Amabango athi ubuchopho bezifundo bahlukile kwezinye iintlobo zeziyobisi ngaphandle kwenkxaso. Ngapha koko, i-2014 Ucwaningo lweYunivesithi yaseCambridge (Voon et al., 2014) yahlaziywa Steele et al. kwaye wavumelana noJohnson: uSteele et al. ingxelo ephakamileyo ye-P300 ekuphenduleni imifanekiso yesondo ngokuphathelele kwimifanekiso engathathi hlangothi (XTUMX). Ukufunda kwiCambridge:

"Iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba umsebenzi we-DACC ubonakalisa indima yesifiso sesondo, esinokuthi sifane nesifundo kwi-P300 kwizifundo ze-CSB ezihambelana nomnqweno [25] …… Izifundo ze-P300, isiganeko esinxulumene nesiganeko esisetyenziselwa ukufundisisa inkxalabo yokuphazamiseka ekusebenziseni iziyobisi, bonisa amanyathelo aphakamileyo ngokubhekisele ekusebenziseni inicotine [54], utywala [55], kunye ne-opiates [56], ngamanyathelo ahlala ehambelana Ukunqwenela ii-indices. ”… ..Ngaloo ndlela, imisebenzi yomsebenzi we-DACC kwisifundo se-CSB kunye nomsebenzi we-P300 ochazwe kwisifundo se-CSB esidlulileyo singabonakalisa inkqubo. "

le 2015 ukuphonononga iincwadi ze-neuroscience shwa nkathela Steele et al.:

“Ngelixa aba babhali [303] bathi isifundo sabo siyasikhaba isicelo semodeli yokulutha kwi-CSB, Voon et al. bathi aba babhali banike ubungqina obuxhasa le modeli. ”

BANGELA INOMBOLO 2: Izihloko kunye nesiphelo sesifundo zibonisa ukuba "ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini" kuqondwa njenge "nomnqweno ophezulu", Ukanti isifundo sichaza ukuba izifundo ezinokusebenza kwengqondo ngakumbi kwi-porn umnqweno omncinane ngesondo.

Into ongakhange uyifunde kudliwanondlebe kunye nakumanqaku kukuba isifundo sixele ingxelo ye- unxulumano olubi phakathi "kwemibuzo yeminqweno yesondo" kunye nokufundwa kwe-P300. Ngamanye amagama, ukusebenza kwengqondo okukhulu kunxulunyaniswa umnqweno omncinane ngesondo (kodwa hayi ngaphantsi umnqweno wokugcoba i-pornography). Qaphela amagama kaPrause kule ngxoxo:

Yintoni ekufumanisweni okuphambili kwisifundo sakho?

"Sifumanise ukuba impendulo yengqondo kwimifanekiso yezesondo ayichazwanga ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo emithathu eyahlukeneyo yokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini. Impendulo yeBongo yayichazwe kuphela ngesilinganiselo sesifiso sesini. Ngamanye amagama, ubundlobongela obubonakalayo abubonakali buchaza ukungafani kwengqondo ekuphenduleni ngokwesondo kunokuba nje ube ne-libido ephezulu. ”

Qaphela ukuba uPrause uthe "umlinganiselo”Yomnqweno wesini, hayi ngu enitre Uluhlu lwemiNqweno yeSondo ”. Xa kubalwa yonke imibuzo eyi-14 kwakungekho lungelelwaniso, kwaye akukho sihloko. Eyona nto ididayo sisihloko sokufunda esisetyenzisiweyo “Inkanuko yesini”, endaweni yokufunyanwa ngokwenene:ukungqinelana okungahambiyo kunye nemibuzo ekhethiweyo malunga nesini esahlukileyo esivela kwi-SDI"U kodwa akukho ukulungiswa xa yonke imibuzo ye-SDI ibalwa".

Nantsi Ukuphendula izimvo zikaJohn A. Johnson phantsi kwengxoxo ye Prause:

"Iqela lePrause laxela ukuba ekuphela konxibelelwano olubalulekileyo kunye nempendulo ye-EEG yayilungelelwaniso olubi (r = -. 33) kunye nomnqweno wesini kunye neqabane. Ngamanye amazwi, kwakukho ukuthambekela okufutshane kwezifundo ngeempendulo ezinamandla ze-EEG kwi-erotica ukuba nomnqweno ophantsi wesini kunye nomlingane. Ithetha njani loo nto malunga nokuba iimpendulo zobuchopho zabantu abanengxaki yokulawula ukujonga kwabo i-erotica ziyafana neziyobisi okanye azikho lithembekile ezine-libido ephezulu? ”

Kwinyanga kamva uJohn A. Johnson PhD wapapasha I-Psychology Namhlanje isithuba seblogi malunga nesifundo se-EEG sikaPrause kunye noko akubonayo njengokukhetha amacala omabini omba. UNicole Prause (ngokungaziwa) uphawule ngaphantsi kokuthatha uJohnson enze umsebenzi wokudibanisa nale critique yeYBOP. UJohnson waphendula naye la mazwi alandelayo apho iPrause yayingenayo impendulo:

Ukuba inqaku lesifundo ibikukubonisa ukuba "bonke abantu" (hayi nje abo batyholwa ngokwesini ukuba ngamakhoboka ezesondo) babonisa ispike kwi-P300 amplitude xa bejonga imifanekiso yezesondo, uchanekile – andiyifumani le ngongoma, kuba isifundo sisebenzise kuphela isini esityholwayo amakhoboka. Ukuba isifundo * sasiqeshe iqela elingaqhelananga nomlutha kwaye lafumanisa ukuba likwabonisa i-P300 spike, emva koko abaphandi banokuba netyala labo lokuba ubuchopho babo babizwa ngokuba ngamakhoboka ezesondo benza ngendlela efanayo , ke mhlawumbi akukho mahluko phakathi kwezityholo zokuba likhoboka kunye nabangekho likhoboka. Endaweni yoko, uphononongo lubonise ukuba iziyobisi ezichazwe ngokwazo zibonise i-P300 spike ekuphenduleni iziyobisi zabo ezichaziweyo (imifanekiso yezesondo), njengamakhoboka e-cocaine abonisa i-P300 spike xa iboniswa icocaine, iziselo ezinxilisayo zibonisa i-P300 spike xa thaca notywala, njl.

Ngokuphathelele kulungelelwaniso phakathi kwe-P300 amplitude kunye namanye amanqaku abonisa, ulungelelwaniso olubalulekileyo yayilulungelelaniso * olubi * kunye nomnqweno wesini kunye neqabane. Ngamanye amagama, ukomelela kwempendulo yengqondo kumfanekiso wesondo, * ukuncinci * komnqweno wokuba umntu abelane ngesondo nomntu wokwenene. Oku kuvakala kum njengeprofayile yomntu olungiselelwe kakhulu kwimifanekiso enengxaki yokudibanisa isini nabantu ebomini bokwenyani. Ndingathi lo mntu unengxaki. Nokuba sifuna ukubiza le ngxaki ngokuba "likhoboka" kusaphikiswana. Kodwa andiboni ukuba oku kufumanisa kubonisa njani ukungabikho komlutha kule sampulu.

Elula: Akukho lungelelwaniso lwalukhona phakathi kokufundwa kwe-EEG kunye nemibuzo ye-14 yemibuzo yesini. Sala kakuhle isihloko kunye nezihloko. Nokuba kukho ulungelelwaniso oluqinisekileyo, ibango lokuba "umnqweno ophezulu" uhambelana ngokukodwa "kumlutha" kukunganyaniseki. Okugqithiseleyo kwinqanaba, ukufunda i-P300 kakubi (r = - .33) nomnqweno wesondo kunye nomlingane. Beka ngokulula - Izifundo ezazininzi-ukukhwabanisa kwi-porn Ngaphantsi umnqweno wesondo nomntu wangempela.

FUNA INOMBOLO 3: Iziyobisi ezingamanyala azikho ngenxa yokunqongophala konxibelelwano phakathi kwezifundo ze-EEG kunye nezifundo 'kumgangatho wokunyanzelwa ngokwesondo.

The ukungabikho kwemibutho phakathi kwe-EEG kunye nemibuzo ichazwa ngokulula ngezinto ezininzi:

1) Izifundo zazinjalo amadoda kunye nabasetyhini, kuquka ne-7 engeyiyo, kodwa bonke baboniswa ngokulinganayo, mhlawumbi abangenakuthandayo, imifanekiso yamadoda. Le yedwa ihlawula nayiphi na iziphumo. Ngoba?

  • Uphononongo emva kokufunda kuqinisekisa ukuba amadoda nabesifazana banempendulo ehlukileyo kwiingqondo kwiimifanekiso zesini okanye iifilimu.
  • Izifundo zobuchopho eziqinisekileyo zomlutha zibandakanya izifundo ezifanayo: isini esifanayo, ulwazelelelo olufanayo ngokwesini, kunye nobudala obufanayo kunye nee-IQ's.
  • Abaphandi banokuthi bangathethelele njani abantu abangafaniyo ngokwesini xa bezama ukujonga iphonografi kuphela - kwaye ke benze izigqibo ezininzi ngenxa yokunqongophala koqhakamshelwano?

2) Izifundo azizange zihlolwe ngaphambili. Uvavanyo olusisigxina lwezobuchopho bomibuko besikrini kubantu abaneemeko zangaphambili (ukudakumba, i-OCD, ezinye izilingo, njl.). Jonga Ucwaningo lweCambridge umzekelo wovavanyo olufanelekileyo kunye nendlela yokusebenza.

3) Izifundo zafumana amaqondo ahlukeneyo okusetyenziswa ngokunyanzeliswa koononophelo, ukusuka kwinqanaba ukuya kumancinci. Isicatshulwa esivela kwiPrause:

"Olu phononongo lubandakanya kuphela abantu abachaze iingxaki, ukusukela kwizinto ezincinci ukuya kwiingxaki ezinkulu, ukulawula ukubonwa kwabo kwezesondo ezibonakalayo."

Esi sisodwa sinokuchaza iziphumo ezahlukeneyo ezingahambelaniyo ngendlela enokuxelwa kwangaphambili. Izifundo zobuchopho eziqinisekileyo zokuthelekisa thelekisa iqela leziyobisi nakwabangengabo. Olu pho nonongo alunalo.

4) I-SCS (yokunyanzelwa ngokwesini) ayisiyiyo kuvavanyo olusemthethweni lwe-Intanethi okanye iphonografi yabasetyhini. Yenziwe ngo-1995 kwaye yayilwa ngesondo esingalawulekiyo ubudlelwane engqondweni (ngokunxulumene nophando lwe-AIDS). I I-SCS ithi:

"Isilinganisi esifanelekileyo [siboniswe?] Ukuqikelela ukulinganiswa kweendlela zokuziphatha ngokwesini, iinani leziqabane zesini, ukuziphatha kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zesondo, kunye neembali zezifo ezithathelwana ngesondo."

Ngaphezu koko, umqhubi we-SCS uxwayisa ukuba esi sixhobo asiyi kubonakalisa i-psychopathology kubafazi,

"Imibutho phakathi kwamanqaku okunyanzeliswa ngokwesini kunye namanye amanqaku e-psychopathology ibonise iipatheni ezahlukeneyo zamadoda nabasetyhini; ukunyanzeliswa ngokwesini kuhlanganiswe neendleko ze-psychopathology kumadoda kodwa kungekhona kubasetyhini. "

Njenga-SCS, lemibuzo yesibini (CBSOBAkanayo imibuzo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi. Yenzelwe ukukhusela izifundo ze-"hypersexual", kunye nolawulo lokuziphatha ngokwesondo.

Elula: Umlutha osemthethweni "wokufunda ngengqondo" kufuneka: 1) ube nezifundo ezifanayo kunye nolawulo, i-2) isikrini sezinye iingxaki zengqondo kunye neziyobisi, i-3) sebenzisa iphepha lemibuzo eliqinisekisiweyo kunye nodliwanondlebe ukuqinisekisa ukuba izifundo zilikhoboka. Olu pho nonongo lwe-EEG kubasebenzisi bezononono aluzange lenze nanye kwezi. Oku kuphela kusaphula iziphumo zesifundo.

Uhlalutyo Steele et al. kolu hlolisiso loontanga lokuphononongwa koncwadi- I-neuroscience ye-Intanethi yezoLimo: Ukuhlaziya nokuhlaziywa (2015)

Ucwaningo lwe-EEG kulabo abakhalazayo ngeengxaki ezilawula ukujonga kwabo kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi uye wabika ingxelo ye-neural reactivity kwi-sexual stimulus [303]. Isifundo senzelwe ukuhlolisana ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-ERP amplitudes xa ubukela imifanekiso yesimo sengqondo kunye nesondo kunye nemilinganiselo yemibuzo yoxhatshazo ngokwesini. Ababhali baphetha ngokuthi ukungabikho kwemibano phakathi kwamanqaku kwiingxaki zokuxhaswa koxhatshazo kunye nokuthetha i-P300 amplitudes xa ubukela imifanekiso yesondo "ayiphumeli ukunika inkxaso ngemilinganiselo yokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini"303] (iphe. 10). Nangona kunjalo, ukungabikho kwemibutho kunokuchazwa bhetele ngeempembelelo ezichasene nendlela. Ngokomzekelo, olu phofu lisetyenziselwa i-pool (subjects and females), okubandakanya i-7 engeyiyo isondo). Izifundo zokufumana iziphumo zokuqhathanisa impendulo yengqondo yezilingo ezilawulwayo ezinempilo zidinga izifundo ezifanayo (isondo esifanayo, iminyaka efanayo) ukuba nemiphumo evumelekileyo. Ngokucacileyo kwizifundo zokuxhatshazwa kwezesondo, kuyacaca ngokucacileyo ukuba amadoda nabesifazane bahluke ngokugqithiseleyo kwingqondo kunye nokuzimela ngokuzimela kwizinto ezibonakalayo zobulili obubonakalayo [304,305,306]. Ukongezelela, ezimbini zeemviwo zemibuzo ezingagqityiweyo zingagunyazisiweyo kubasebenzisi be-IP abanomdla, kwaye izifundo zazingakhange zihlolwe ezinye izibonakaliso zokuxilisa okanye ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo.

Ngaphezu koko, isiphelo esichazwe kwi-abstract, "Impembelelo yokuqonda ukuxhatshazwa kobuxhakaxhaka njengokuba unomnqweno ophakamileyo, kunokuba ungakhathazeki, kuxutyushwa" [303] (iphe. 1) ibonakala ingekho kwindawo ecinga ukuba uphando lubona ukuba ukuphakama kwe-P300 kwakunxulumene kakubi nomnqweno wesondo kunye nomlingane. Njengoko kuchaziwe ku-Hilton (2014), oku kufumaniswa "ngokuchasene ngqo nokuchazwa kweP300 njengomnqweno ophezulu" [307]. Uhlalutyo lukaHilton lubonisa ukuba ukungabikho kweqela lolawulo kunye nokungakwazi kwe-EEG iteknoloji ukubandlulula phakathi "umnqweno ophezulu wesondo" kunye "nokunyanzeliswa ngokwesondo" Steele et al. iziphumo ezingenakuthenjwa [307].

Ekugqibeleni, ukufumanisa okubalulekileyo kwiphepha (ukuphakama kweP300 ephezulu kwimifanekiso yesondo, ngokuphathelele kwimifanekiso engathathi hlangothi) kunikwe ingqalelo encinci kwinqanaba leengxoxo. Oku kungalindelekanga, njengoko kufumaneka ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nezidakamizwa ze-intanethi ukuphakama kwe-P300 ngokumalunga nokungahambisani nokungathathi hlangothi xa kuboniswe kwiimpawu ezibonakalayo ezinxulumene nomlutha wazo [308]. Enyanisweni, iVoon, et al. [U262] banikezela icandelo leengxoxo zabo ngokuhlalutya oku kufundwa kweP300 kwangaphambili. Voon et al. unikeze inkcazelo yokubaluleka kwe-P300 engakhange ifakwe kwiphepha le-Steele, ngokukodwa ngokubhekiselele kwimimiselo yokulutha, ekugqibeleni,

Ngaloo ndlela, umsebenzi womsebenzi we-DACC kwisifundo se-CSB kunye nomsebenzi we-P300 ochazwe kwisifundo se-CSB sangaphambili [303] unokubonakalisa iinkqubo ezifanayo zenkqantosi yokuqwalaselwa. Ngokufanayo, zombini izifundo zibonisa ukulungiswa phakathi kwezi nyathelo kunye nomnqweno ophuculweyo. Apha siphakamisa ukuba umsebenzi we-DACC uhambelana nomnqweno, ongabonakalisa inkcazo yokulangazelela, kodwa awuhambelani nokuthandabuza okuthandwayo kwindlela yokukhuthaza umlutha. [U262] (iphe. 7)

Nangona abo babhali [303] bathi isifundo sabo sichasa ukusetyenziswa kwesimo somlutha kwi-CSB, Voon et al. kwacaca ukuba aba bhali banikezela ubungqina obuxhasayo lo mzekelo.

INGXELO YOKUQALA

Iziphumo zithetha into enye, Ngelixa Izigqibo zoFundo kunye naBabhali beCacisa ngokuchaseneyo

Isihloko sesifundo, kunye nezihloko ezininzi, zichaza ukuba unxibelelwano (ubudlelwane) kwafunyanwa phakathi "komnqweno wesini" njengoko kulinganiswa Ukufunwa kwezesondo kunye nokufunda kweEEG. Ngokwezinto zonke esinokuzifumana, i-SDI yiyo Uvavanyo lwemibuzo ye-14. Isithoba semibuzo yakhe ibhekisa kumaqabane ("dyadic") umnqweno wesini kunye needilesi ezine zodwa ("wedwa") umnqweno wesondo. Ukucaciselwa nje, isifundo ezimbi Ulungelelaniso lufikeleleke kuphela hlu lelane imibuzo yesini evela kwi-SDI. Kwakungabikho ukulungiswa okubalulekileyo phakathi kokufundwa kwe-P300 kwaye zonke imibuzo ekwi-SDI. Iziphumo zophando zithathwe kwi-abstract:

 IINKCUKACHA: "Ukwahlukana okukhulu kwe-P300 yobungakanani kwizinto ezithandekayo zesondo, ezinxulumene nokungahambelani nokungathathi hlangothi, bekunxulumene kakubi nemilinganiselo yesifiso sesondo, kodwa engahambelani nemilinganiselo yoxhatshazo. "

Ukuguqulelwa: Izifundo ezinokukhangela ngakumbi kwi-porn (ii-EEG eziphezulu) ziye zafumana amanqaku asezantsi kumnqweno wabo wokwabelana ngesondo neqabane (kodwa hayi umnqweno wabo wokuhlaziya amalungu esini). Ukuyibeka ngenye indlela, ukukhangela okukhulu zihambelana umnqweno omncinane wokulala ngesondo (kodwa usenqwenela ukukrexeza kwi-pornography). Nangona kunjalo isigwebo esilandelayo sijika umnqweno ophantsi wesini kunye neqabane phezulu umnqweno wesondo:

ISIPHELO: Impembelelo ukuqonda ukuxhatshazwa koxhatshazo njengomnqweno ophezulu, kunokuxhatshazwa, kuxutyushwa.

Ngaba uSteele et al ngoku bathi bafumene ngokwenene umnqweno ophezulu wesondo nxu lumene ukufundwa kweP300 ephakamileyo? Ewe, ayenzekanga, njengoko uJohn Johnson PhD wachaza ukuhlaziywa kontanga:

'Ukufumana okubalulekayo ngokubalulekayo akuchazi nto ngomlutha. Ukongezelela, oku kufumanisekileyo kukufumana ukungqinelana kakubi phakathi kwe-P300 kunye nomnqweno wesondo kunye nomlingane (r = -0.33), ebonisa ukuba ukuphakama kwe-P300 kuhambelana nomnqweno wesini ophantsi; oku kuhambelana ngqo nokutolika kwe-P300 njengomnqweno ophezulu. Akunakuqhathaniswa kwamanye amaqela omlutha. Akunakuqhathaniswa ukulawula amaqela. Izigqibo ezithatyathwe ngabaphandi zixhamla kwi-data, ezingatsho nto malunga nokuba abantu abavakalisa ingxaki ekulawuleni ukujonga kwabo imifanekiso yesondo banalo okanye abanakho ukuphendula ngengqondo efana ne-cocaine okanye nayiphi na inhlobo yokulutha

Kutheni le nto uJohn Johnson ekhumbuza ababhali kunye nawo wonke umntu, ukuba ngu-Steel et al. ngokwenene ufumene "umnqweno ophantsi wesondo kunye neqabane", kunokuba "umnqweno ophezulu wesondo"? Kuba uninzi lukaSteele et al. kwaye i-blitz yeendaba ibonisa ukuba i-cue-reactivity kwi-pornography ehambelana nomnqweno ophezulu wesondo. Isiphelo sithathiwe kwisicatshulwa:

isiphelo: Impembelelo ukuqonda ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini njengomnqweno ophezulu, kunokuxhatshazwa, kuxutyushwa.

Yitsho ntoni? Kodwa isifundo sabika ukuba izifundo ezinomxholo omkhulu-reactivity umnqweno ophantsi wesini kunye nomlingane.

Ukongeza, ibinzana elithi "umnqweno wesondo" liphindaphindwe amaxesha angama-63 kwisifundo, kwaye isihloko sophando (Umnqweno wesini, hayi ubundlobongela….) Sithetha ukuba ukusebenza kwengqondo ephezulu kunxulunyaniswa nomnqweno wesini ophezulu. Funda isifundo ngokupheleleyo siphelo kunye nawe usenokucinga ukuba abalobi bafumene phezulu ngaphezu kokunciphisa umnqweno wesondo:

Ekugqibeleni, amanyathelo okuqala e-neural reactivity kwi-stimuli ebonakalayo yesondo kunye nokungaboni ngesondo kwisampula zokubika iingxaki ezilawula ukubukela kwabo okufanayo okuhlulekayo ukubonelela ngemilinganiselo yokuxhatshazwa koxhatshazo ngokwesifo, njengoko kulinganiswa ngamanqaku. Ngokukodwa, ukungafani kwindwangu ye-P300 phakathi kwezesondo kunye nokungathathi hlangothi kuqikelelwe ngumnqweno wesondo, kodwa kungekhona nayiphi na (emithathu) imilinganiselo yokuxhatshazwa koxhatshazo. Ukuba umnqweno wesondo Uninzi uqikelele iimpendulo ze-neural kwi-stimuli, ukuphathwa kwesifiso sesondo, ngaphandle kokubhekiselele kwezinye iziphakamiso ezicetywayo zokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini, inokuba yindlela efanelekileyo ekunciphiseni iimvakalelo zoxinzelelo zesini okanye iimpawu zokuziphatha.

Akukho ndawo esiyibonayo ezantsi umnqweno wesondo. Endaweni yokuba sinikwe - “ndixelwe kwangaphambili ngumnqweno wesini ” kwaye "Ukulawulwa komnqweno wesini" kwaye "Ukunciphisa iimvakalelo zesini okanye indlela yokuziphatha." Akuzange nje kuphela ukufundiswa kwabafundi ekukholweni ukuxhatshazwa koononophelo lwangokugqithisileyo kwakubaluleke kakhulu nje, i-Prause yomeleza le meme ku dliwano: (phawula igama)

Yintoni ekufumanisweni okuphambili kwisifundo sakho?

"Sifumanise ukuba impendulo yengqondo kwimifanekiso yezesondo ayichazwanga ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo emithathu eyahlukeneyo yokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini. Impendulo yeBongo yayichazwe kuphela ngesilinganiselo sesifiso sesini. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuxhatshazwa kobuxhakaxhaka akubonakali ukuchasana ngokwahlukileyo kwengqondo kwisabelo sezesondo nantoni na ngaphezu kokuba ne-libido ephakamileyo."

Udumo luthi "umlinganiselo”Yomnqweno wesini, hayi ngo" lonke uluhlu lwemiNqweno yeSondo ". Xa kubalwa yonke imibuzo eyi-14 kwakungekho lungelelwaniso, kwaye akukho sihloko sakujika sijike. Udumo lwenza ibango elifanayo kuye UCLA u kukhutshwa:

"Impendulo yengqondo kwimifanekiso yesondo ayichazwanga nangayiphi na imibuzo emithathu yokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini," watsho. "Impendulo yebongo yayixhomekeke kuphela kwisilinganiselo sesifiso sesini. Ngamanye amagama, ukuxhatshazwa kobuxhakaxhaka akubonakali ukuchaza iimpendulo zobuchopho kwimifanekiso yesondo ngaphandle kokuba ne-libido ephakamileyo."

Kuzo zombini udliwanondlebe kucetyiswa ukuba ukufundwa okuphezulu kwe-P300 kunxulumene "ne-libido ephezulu". Wonke umntu kwimidiya wayithenga. Ukujonga iziphumo, uSteele et al. bekufanele ukubizwa - “ukulungiswa okungahambiyo kunye nemibuzo malunga nesini esahlukileyo, kodwa akukho ukulungiswa xa yonke imibuzo ye-SDI ibalwa".

Elula: I-Cue-reactivity (ukufundwa kwe-P300) kakubi (r = - .33) nomnqweno wesondo kunye nomlingane. Misela nje: umnqweno omncinci wesondo ohambelanayo-usebenziso lwezononografi. Ngokubanzi, akukho nxu lumano phakathi kokufundwa kwe-EEG kunye nayo yonke imibuzo ye-14 yemibuzo yesondo. Nokuba kukho ulungelelwaniso oluqinisekileyo, ibango lokuba "umnqweno ophezulu" uhambelana ngokukodwa "kumlutha" kukunganyaniseki.

Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba isifundo sineempazamo ezimbini ngokubhekisele kwi-SDI. Ukucaphula isifundo:

"Amanqanaba e-SDI amanyathelo omnqweno wesondo usebenzisa izikali ezimbini yenziwe nge ngasinye sixhenxe."

Enyanisweni, i Ukufunwa kwezesondo iqulethwe Imibuzo emithathu ehlangeneyo, emine imibuzo, kwaye umbuzo omnye ezingenakuhlukaniswa (#14).

Iphutha lesibini: Itheyibhile 2 ithi inqaku lovavanyo lodwa ngu "3-26," kwaye ke eli gama libhinqileyo lithetha ukugqitha kulo. Ziyi-26.46 – ngokoqobo zitshatile. Kweneke ntoni? Imibuzo yesini eyedwa yesini (10-13) yongeza kwinqanaba elinokubakho "31".

I-blitz ye-media blond, eyahamba kunye nokupapashwa kwesi sifundo, isiseko sayo sokubamba ingqalelo kwiimpembelelo ze-SDI. Nangona kunjalo ukubhalwa kokufunda kuqulethe iziphene ngokukhawuleza malunga ne-SDI ngokwayo, engenzi ukuzithemba kubaphandi.

Umnqweno oPhakamileyo uyabandakanyeka kunye noTywala?

Nangona uSteele et al. ngeniswe ingxelo Ngaphantsi Umnqweno wesini esahlulelanayo sokudibana kwakhona nokusebenza kwakhona, kubalulekile ukuba ujongane nebango elingakholelekiyo lokuba "umnqweno ophezulu wesini" uhambelana kuphela nomlutha we-porn. Ukungabinangqondo kwayo kuyacaca ukuba umntu uthathela ingqalelo ii-hypotheticals esekwe kwezinye iziyobisi. (Ngakumbi jonga oku kuhlolwa kukaSteele et al. - Umnqweno ophezulu ', okanye' nje 'umlutha? Impendulo kuSteele et al., NguDonald L. Hilton, Omnci., MD *.)

Umzekelo, ngaba oku kuvakala kuthetha ukuba ukuba nesidima ngokugqithileyo, ukungakwazi ukulawula ukutya, kwaye ukungonwabi konke konke, "kukunqwenela kakhulu ukutya?" Ukuqhubeka ngakumbi, umntu kufuneka agqibe kwelokuba iziselo ezinxilisayo zinomnqweno ophezulu wotywala, kunene? Ngamafutshane, zonke iziyobisi zinomnqweno "ophezulu" wezinto zazo zokwenza iziyobisi kunye nemisebenzi (ebizwa ngokuba yi "sensitization"), nokuba ukuzonwabisa kwabo kwezi zinto kuncipha ngenxa yolunye utshintsho olunxulumene nobukhoboka bengqondo.

Uninzi lweengcaphephe zijonga ukuba "ukusetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kweziphumo ezibi" njengoyena uphawulayo. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, umntu unokuthi afumane i-erectile dysfunction kwaye angabinakho ukuya ngaphaya kwekhompyuter yakhe kwigumbi elingaphantsi likanina. Ukanti, ngokutsho kwaba baphandi, lo gama nje ebonisa ukuba "unomdla omkhulu ngokwesini," akanakho ukubanakho. Le paradigm ayihoyi yonke into eyaziwayo malunga nokulutha, kubandakanya neempawu kunye nokuziphatha kwabelwana ngazo zonke izilonda, njengemiphumo emibi, ukungakwazi ukulawula ukusetyenziswa, izifiso, njl.

Ngaba esi sifundo siyinxalenye yokuxhuzula kwezifundo esekwe kulwazi olwahlukileyo lokuba nawuphi na umlinganiso "weminqweno ephezulu," nokuba ungathandabuzeki, unika ukhuseleko kumlutha? Ugqirha wezesondo waseCanada wazama ukupenda lo mfanekiso ukwiphepha le-2010 elinesihloko esithi, Ulwabelana ngesondo kunye nesifiso esiphakamileyo sesondo: izakhiwo ezihlukeneyo? Ukuqaphela ukuba abantu abafuna unyango lwezilingo zokuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo babika kokubili ukuziphatha okubi ngokwesini kunye nomnqweno ophakamileyo, wabonisa ngesibindi wathi:

"Iziphumo zolu phononongo zibonisa ukuba isini esingalawulekiyo, njengoko sibonisiwe njengangoku, siphawulwe, kwaye silinganisiwe, sinokuphawula iminqweno ephezulu yesini kunye noxinzelelo olunxulunyaniswa nokulawula inqanaba eliphezulu leengcinga zesini, iimvakalelo kunye neemfuno."

Kwakhona, ukuba likhoboka lesini ngokwalo kuvelisa iminqweno edla ngokubonisa “njengezinga eliphezulu leengcinga zesini, iimvakalelo kunye neemfuno.” Kukucinga nje ukucebisa ukuba "umnqweno ophezulu wesini" uphelisa ubukho bomlutha. Apha ngezantsi kukho izifundo ezibonisa ngokuthe ngqo ukuba "ngumlutha we-porn."

Umlutha we-Cybersex: Ukuvuswa kwezesondo malunga nolwazi xa ubukela iphonografi kwaye ungaboniswanga ngoobomi bezocansi kwenza ukubahluko (2013)

Caphula: "Ngaphezu koko, kwaboniswa ukuba ingxaki kubasebenzisi be-cybersex baxela ukuvusa inkanuko yesini kunye nokulangazelela iimpendulo ezibangelwe kukuboniswa kwecrafra. Kuzo zombini ezi zifundo, inani kunye nomgangatho wobomi bokwenyani obabunxibelelana ngokwesini. ”

Ukwakhiwa kobuBungqina kunye nokuQhagamshelana okuSebenzayo Ukudibanisa kunye noonografi Ukusetyenziswa: Ubuninzi kwi-Porn (2014).

Olu phofu lwe-FMRI lufumene ukuba iiyure eziphakamileyo ngeveki / ngaphezulu kweminyaka yokujonga i-porn ehambelana nokusebenza kombono ongaphantsi xa uboniswe kwiifoto ze-porno ye-vanilla. Abaphandi bathi:

"Oku kuyahambelana nengcamango yokuba ukuvezwa ngamandla kwezinto ezingamanyala kubangela ukuthotywa kwempendulo yendalo ye-neural kwisistim sezesondo.. "

U-Kühn no-Gallinat baphinde banika ingxelo yokusebenzisa i-porn ngakumbi kunye nomvuzo omncinci wesekethe kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemijikelezo ebandakanyeka kulawulo lwempembelelo. Kwi eli nqaku umphandi uSimone Kühn, wathi:

"Oku kunokuthetha ukuba ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kweefotoli ezingaphantsi kunciphisa inkqubo yakho yomvuzo."

U-Kühn uthi uphuhliso lwezesengqondweni, iincwadi zenzululwazi zibonisa ukuba abathengi bezononophelo baya kufuna izinto eziphathekayo kunye nemidlalo yokuziphatha ngokwesini.

"Oko kuya kufana ngokupheleleyo neengcamango zabo zokuba iiprogram zokuvuza zifuna ukukhula."

Ngokucacileyo, amadoda abasebenzisa iipilisi ezingaphezulu angadinga ukukhuthazwa okukhulu kwinqanaba lempendulo elibonwa kumthengi abancinci, kwaye iifoto ze-porn e-vanilla akunakwenzeka ukuba zibhalise njengento enomdla. Unomdla omncinci, ulingana nokuqwalaselwa ngaphantsi, kunye nokufunda okufutshane kweEEG. Ukuphela kwebali.

I-Neural Correlates ye-Reac Reactivity Reactivity kuBantu ngabanye kunye nangaphandle kokuxhaswa kwezesondo (2014)

Olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba iziyobisi ezingamanyala bezinomsebenzi ofanayo wobuchopho njengoko kubonwe kwizidakamizwa nakwiziselo ezinxilisayo. Abaphandi baphinde baxela ukuba i-60% yezifundo (i-avareji yobudala: 25) zinobunzima ekufezekiseni ii-erections / ukuvusa kunye namaqabane okwenyani, kodwa zinokufezekisa izilungiso kunye ne-porn. Oku kufumanisa ngokupheleleyo ibango lokuba abasebenzisi abanyanzelekileyo be-porn banomnqweno ophakamileyo wesini kunabo bangabanyanzelisi abasebenzisi be-porn.

Kutheni kungekho Ulungelelwano phakathi kweemibuzo kunye neEEG Readings?

Ibango elikhulu Steele et al., I-2013 yiyo ukungabikho kwemibutho phakathi kwezifundo zokufundwa kwe-EEG (P300) kunye nemibuzo ethile ithetha ukuba umlutha we-porn awukho. Izizathu ezibini eziphambili zokungabikho konxibelelwano:

  1. Abaphandi bakhetha izifundo ezahlukeneyo (abesetyhini, amadoda, abesifazana, abafazi abangabambini), kodwa wabonisa zonke izinto eziqhelekileyo, mhlawumbi ezingenakuthandeka, zesini + zesini. Ngokucacileyo, iziphumo zolu pho nonongo zixhomekeka ekubeni abantu besilisa, amabhinqa, kunye nabangewona abantu abahlukeneyo bahluke kwiimpendulo zabo kwimifanekiso yesondo. Oku akusoloko kunjalo (ngezantsi).
  2. Imibuzo emibini uSteele et al. Ukuxhomekeka kwizifundo zozibini ze-EEG ukuvavanya "umlutha we-porn" akuqinisekiswanga kwiscreen sokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi / iziyobisi. Kwimithombo yeendaba, uPrause wakhankanya ephindaphinda ukungabikho konxibelelwano phakathi kwamanqaku e-EEG kunye nezikali ze- "hypersexuality", kodwa akukho sizathu sokulindela unxibelelwano kwizilonda ezingamanyala.

Ulwahluko olwamkelekileyo lwezifundo: Abaphandi bakhetha izifundo ezahlukeneyo (abesetyhini, amadoda, abesifazana, abafazi abangabambini), kodwa wabonisa konke okusemgangathweni, mhlawumbi kungabonakali, kwindoda yamanyala. Le ngxaki, kuba iphula inkqubo efanelekileyo yokufunda izilwanyana, apho abaphandi bekhetha khona ngokufanayo izifundo ngokobudala, isini, ukuqhelaniswa, nkqu nee-IQ ezifanayo (kunye iqela lolawulo olufanayo) ukuze uphephe ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ngantlukwano.

Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwizifundo ezinjengale, ezilinganisela ukuvusa imifanekiso yesondo, njengoko uphando luqinisekisa ukuba amadoda nabasetyhini bahluke kakhulu kwiimifanekiso zesini okanye iifilimu. Le mpazamo yodwa ichaza ukungabikho kwemibano phakathi kokufunda kweEEG kunye nemibuzo. Izifundo zangaphambili ziqinisekisa ukungafani okukhulu phakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini ekuphenduleni imifanekiso yesondo. Yabona, umzekelo:

Ngaba sinokuqiniseka ukuba a engeyona isondo Unentshiseko efanayo kwindoda engamabhinqa njengowesilisa oyindoda? Hayi, kwaye ukufakwa kwakhe kungahle kuphazamise umlinganiselo we-EEG obonelela ngokubambisana. Yabona, umzekelo, Izijikelezo ze-Neural ezikhohlakeleyo ezibangelwa yizesini zobungqingili kunye namadoda angqingili: isifundo se-FMRI.

Okumangalisa kukuba, uPrause ngokwakhe wathi isifundo sangaphambili (2012)  ukuba abantu bahluka ngokugqithiseleyo kwimpendulo yabo kwimifanekiso yesondo:

Izinto ezikwimiboniso bhanyabhanya zisemngciphekweni wokwahluka komntu ngamnye kuqwalaselo lwezinto ezahlukeneyo zesikhuthazi (iRupp kunye neWallen, 2007), ukuthanda umxholo othile (uJanssen, uGoodrich, uPetrocelli, kunye neBancroft, 2009) okanye iimbali zeklinikhi ezenza iinxalenye zesikhuthazo (1998) UWouda et al., XNUMX). ”

"Okwangoku, abantu baya kwahluka ngokubalaseleyo kwimpawu ezibonakalayo ezibonisa inkanuko yesini kubo (Graham, Sanders, Milhausen, & McBride, 2004)."

Kwi Uphononongo lwezifundo wapapashwa kwiiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwaloo nto wathi:

"Izifundo ezininzi zisebenzisa i-International Affective Picture System (uLang, uBradley, noCuthbert, ngo-1999) basebenzise izinto ezahlukeneyo kumadoda nabasetyhini kwisampulu yabo."

Mhlawumbi u-Prause kufanele afunde zakhe iingxelo ukuze afumene isizathu sokuba ukufunda kwakhe okwangoku ku-EEG kuluhlu kakhulu. Ukwahlukana komntu ngamnye kuyinto eqhelekileyo, kwaye kuyahluka kulindeleke ukuba kube neenguqu ezinkulu kunye neqela leentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesini.

Imibuzo engabalulekanga: ISSCS (Ukunyanzelisa ngokwesondo) ayikwazi ukuhlola umlutha we-intanethi. Yadalwa kwi-1995 kwaye yenzelwe ngesondo esingalawulekiyo ubudlelwane engqondweni (ngokunxulumene nophando lwe-AIDS). I I-SCS ithi:

"Isilinganisi esifanelekileyo [siboniswe?] Ukuqikelela ukulinganiswa kweendlela zokuziphatha ngokwesini, iinani leziqabane zesini, ukuziphatha kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zesondo, kunye neembali zezifo ezithathelwana ngesondo."

Ngapha koko, umphuhlisi weSCS ulumkisa ukuba esi sixhobo asizukubonisa isifo sengqondo kubantu basetyhini:

"Unxibelelwano phakathi kwamanqaku okunyanzelwa ngokwesini kunye namanye amanqaku e-psychopathology abonise iipatheni ezahlukeneyo zamadoda nabasetyhini; Ukunyanzelwa ngokwesondo kwakudityaniswa nesalathiso se-psychopathology emadodeni kodwa kungekhona kwabasetyhini."

Ngaphezu koko, ii-SCS ziquka imibuzo enxulumene nomlingani ukuba i-intanethi-i-addicts addicts ingenza amanqaku ahluke ngokuthelekiswayo nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini, xa kubonelelwa ukuba abasebenzisi be-porn unqwenela ukwanda kwe-cyber erotica ngaphezu kwesondo.

Njenga-SCS, imibuzo yesibini yokuxhatshazwa koxhatshazo (CBSOBAkanayo imibuzo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi. Yenzelwe ukukroba izifundo ze-"hypersexual", kunye nokuziphatha okungalawulekiyo kwezesondo- hayi ngokungqongqo ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezinto ezibonisa isini kwi-intanethi.

Elinye iphepha lemibuzo elinikezelwe ngabaphandi yi-PCES (iPhonografi Consumption Effect Scale), nebizwa ngokuba yi "ubomi be-psychometric, ”Kwaye akukho sizathu sokukholelwa ukuba inokubonisa nantoni na malunga neziyobisi ze-Intanethi or ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini.

Ke ngoko, ukunqongophala konxibelelwano phakathi kokufundwa kwe-EEG kunye nala maphepha emibuzo akoneleli ngenkxaso kwizigqibo zesifundo okanye amabango ombhali.

Ayikho I-Pre-Screening: Izifundo zikaPrause khange zihlolwe kwangaphambili. Izifundo zobuchopho eziqinisekileyo zokunyanga zikrola abantu abaneemeko esele zikho (uxinzelelo, i-OCD, ezinye iziyobisi, njl.njl.). Le kuphela kwendlela abaphandi abanoxanduva abanokufikelela ngayo malunga nesiyobisi. Bona i Ucwaningo lweCambridge umzekelo wovavanyo olufanelekileyo kunye nendlela yokusebenza.

Izifundo zikaPrause zazingakhange zihlolwe ngaphambi kokuba zibekho. Inkqubo esemgangathweni yezifundo zokulutha iziyobisi kukuhlola izifundo zovavanyo lweziyobisi ukuze uthelekise abo bavavanya ukuba likhoboka labo bangalisebenzisi. Abaphandi abakhange bayenze le, nangona Uvavanyo lwezilwanyana ezinobungozi be-intanethi lukhoyo. Kunoko, abaphandi babephatha iSikimu sokunyanzelisa iSondo emva abathathi-nxaxheba sele bekhethwe. Njengoko kuchaziwe, i-SCS ayilungelelanisi ukuxhatshazwa koonobumba okanye kubasetyhini.

Ukusetyenziswa kweSibonelelo seGrikhi kwiZifundo ezahlukeneyo: Steele okqhubekayo. iyavuma ukuba ukhetho lwayo lwe-porn "engonelanga" lunokuba neziphumo eziguqulweyo. Nokuba phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, ukhetho lovavanyo lwe-porn lukhohlisile, njengoko abasebenzisi be-porn (ngakumbi iziyobisi) bahlala benyuka ngothotho lwezinto abazithandayo. Abaninzi babika ukufumana isenzo esincinci sezesondo kwiintlobo zoononophelo ezingafani nezo zoonwabo-du-jour-Kubandakanya iintlobo ezifumene ukuba zivusa ngaphambili kwimisebenzi yabo yokubukela iphonografi. Umzekelo, uninzi lwe-porn zanamhlanje zigqitywa ngeevidiyo ezinenkcazo ephezulu, kwaye ii-stills ezisetyenzisiweyo apha zinokungaphenduli impendulo efanayo.

Ke, ukusetyenziswa kwe-generic porn kunokuchaphazela iziphumo. Ukuba umntu othanda amanyala ulindele ukujonga iphonografi, umvuzo womsebenzi wesekethe ngokuqinisekileyo uyanda. Kodwa ukuba iphonografi iba yimifanekiso engathandekiyo eyahlukileyo engahambelani nohlobo lwayo lwangoku okanye isekhona endaweni yeevidiyo ezingaqhelekanga ezichaziweyo, umsebenzisi usenokungabi nampendulo, okanye no ku phikisa. "Yaye iyintoni ukuba? "

Oku kulingana nokuvavanya ukwenziwa kwakhona kweqela leziyobisi ngokukhonza wonke umntu ukutya okukodwa: iitapile ezibhakiweyo. Ukuba umthathi-nxaxheba akwenzeki ukuba athande iitapile ezibhakiweyo, akufuneki abe nangxaki ngokutya kakhulu, akunjalo?

Umlutha osebenzayo "wokufunda ngengqondo" kufuneka: 1) ube nezifundo kunye nokulawula, 2) uhlolisise ezinye iingxaki zengqondo kunye nezinye izilingo, kunye ne-3) sebenzisa imibuzo eqinisekisiweyo kunye nodliwano-ndlebe ukuze uqinisekise ukuba izifundo ziyizilonda zoononophala. Steele okqhubekayo. khange enze nanye kwezi, kodwa afikelele kwizigqibo ezininzi kwaye wazipapasha ngokubanzi.

Ayikho iqela loLawulo, kodwa iimfuno ezifunekayo enye

Abaphandi abaphandi ngeqela elilawulayo labasebenzisi abangamanyala. Oko akuzange kumise ababhali ekwenzeni amabango kwimidiya efuna ukuthelekiswa kweqela lolawulo. Umzekelo:

UCLA u kukhutshwa:

"Ukuba ngenene banengxaki yokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini, okanye ukuba likhoboka lesini, impendulo yabo yobuchopho kwizimo zesondo ezibonakalayo zinokulindelwa ukuba ziphezulu, ngendlela efanayo nobuchopho bamakhoboka e-cocaine abonakalisiweyo ukuba asabele kwimifanekiso yeyeza kwezinye izifundo. ”

Intetho yeTV:

Umlobi: "Baboniswa imifanekiso eyahlukeneyo evuselela inkanuko, kunye nomsebenzi wabo wobuchopho."

Umthandazo: "Ukuba ucinga ukuba iingxaki zesini likhoboka, besiya kulindela ukubona impendulo ephuculweyo, mhlawumbi, kuloo mifanekiso yesondo. Ukuba ucinga ukuba yingxaki yokungxamiseka, besinokulindela ukubona ukunciphisa iimpendulo kule mifanekiso yesondo. Into yokuba asibubonanga obunye bobuhlobo ibonisa ukuba akukho nkxaso ibalaseleyo yokujonga ezi ngxaki zokuziphatha ngokwesondo. "

Ngokwenyani, uSteele et al. uxele ukufundwa okuphezulu kwe-P300 yemifanekiso engamanyala kunemifanekiso engathathi hlangothi. Ngokucacileyo iimpendulo ephuculweyo". Ukunika ingxelo phantsi kwe Psychology Namhlanje udliwano-ndlebe yoMdumo, ipheuprofesa uJohn A. Johnson uthi:

"Ingqondo yam isabambekile kwibango likaPrause lokuba ubuchopho babafundi bakhe abuzange buphendule kwimifanekiso yezesondo njengeziyobisi zabaphenduli beziyobisi, ngenxa yokuba enika ingxelo yokufundwa okuphezulu kwe-P300 yemifanekiso yesondo. Njengamakhoboka abonisa i-P300 spikes xa zinikwa iziyobisi ezizikhethele zona. Angasifumana njani isigqibo esichasene nezona ziphumo? Ndicinga ukuba ingayenza nakwimibono yakhe yangaphambi koko ebekulindele ukufumana. ”

Ngamafutshane, yiyiphi indlela uPrause ayibhengeza ngayo ngesibindi kwiintetho ezininzi zeendaba ezixhamliweyo azixhaswanga yimiphumo. Olunye ibango elivela kwintlanganiso yodliwano-ndlebe efuna iqela lolawulo:

Mustanski: Yayinjani injongo yesifundo?

Umdumo: Uphononongo lwethu luvavanywe ukuba ngaba abantu abavakalisa iingxaki ezinjalo bafana nezinye izilonda ezisuka kwiingxoxo zabo zobuchopho kwimifanekiso yesondo. Uphando lwezidakamizwa zeziyobisi, ezifana ne-cocaine, lubonise umzekelo ohambelanayo weempendulo zobuchopho kwimifanekiso yeziyobisi zokusetyenziswa kakubi, ngoko ke saxela ukuba kufuneka sibone iphethane efanayo kubantu ababika iingxaki zesini ukuba ngaba, ngokwenene, umlutha.

Impendulo kaPrause kuMustanski ibonisa ukuba isifundo sakhe senzelwe ukubona ukuba impendulo yengqondo kwimifanekiso yezesondo kubantu abaxela iingxaki ngesondo yayifana nempendulo yobuchopho babasebenzisi beziyobisi xa behlangana nemifanekiso yeziyobisi abakhobokisayo.

Ukufunda isifundo se-cocaine uthi (Dunning, et al., 2011), nangona kunjalo, kubonisa ukuba uyilo lukaSteele et al. yahluke kakhulu kwi-Dunning study, kwaye uSteele et al. akazange akhangele uhlobo lweempendulo zengqondo ezibhalwe kwisifundo se-Dunning.

Isifundo se-Dunning sasebenzisa amaqela amathathu: abasebenzisi be-cocaine abangenayo i-27, abasebenzisi be-cocaine be-28 kunye ne-29 abangasebenzisi izixhobo zokulawula. Steele et al. basebenzisa isampuli esinye sabantu: abo babika iingxaki ezilawula ukujonga kwabo imifanekiso yesondo. Nangona isifundo se-Dunning sakwazi ukuthelekisa iimpendulo zezilwanyana ze-cocaine eziyimpilo
ukulawula, ukufundiswa kwePrause akuthelekanga iimpendulo zesampuli ezithintekayo kunye neqela lokulawula.

Kukho iintlukwano ezininzi. Ucwaningo lwe-Dunning luneengxaki ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene nesiganeko (ERPs) kwingqondo, kuba uphando lwangaphambili lubonise ukungafani okubalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zengqondo kuboniswe kwi-ERPs. Ucwaningo lwe-Dunning lwalucacisa ngokwahlukileyo kwangaphambili emva kokungabikho komsebenzi (EPN), kucinga ukuba lubonise ingqwalasela yokuqala, kunye nekhono elihle emva kwesikhathi (LPP), kucinga ukuba liqhubeke nokuqhutyelwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ezibalulekileyo. Isifundo se-Dunning saqhubeka sahlula ekuqaleni
icandelo le-LPP, kucingelwa ukuba libhekiselele kwingqwalaselo yokuqala, kwinqanaba elilandelayo le-LPP, ecinga ukuba liboniswe ngokuqhubekayo. Ukwahlula ezi zi-ERP ezahlukeneyo kubalulekile kuba ukungafani phakathi kwezilingo ezingabonakaliyo, abasebenzisi bamanje, kunye nokusetyenziswa okungekho kokusebenzisa kuxhomekeke kwi-ERP eyahlolwayo.

Ngokwahlukileyo, uSteele et al. ubujonge kuphela kwi-ERP ebizwa ngokuba yi-P300, leyo i-Dunning ithelekisa kwiwindow yokuqala ye-LPP. Ngokwamkelwa kwabo, u-Prause kunye noogxa bakhe baxela ukuba oku kungenakuyilona liqhinga elifanelekileyo:

Enye into enokwenzeka kukuba i-P300 ayisiyondawo ifanelekileyo yokuchonga ubudlelwane nezinto ezikhuthaza isondo. I-LPP encinci kamva ibonakala ngakumbi inxibelelene nenkuthazo."

I-upshot nguSteele et al. khange i ngokwenene bahlole wI-hether indlela abaphendula ngayo abantu abaneengxaki zesondo "ibonise indlela efanayo”Njengeempendulo zamakhoboka. Abakhange basebenzise izinto ezifanayo ze-ERP ezisetyenziswe kufundo lwecocaine kwaye khange basebenzise iqela elizimeleyo kunye neqela elilawulayo, ngenxa yoko bekungafanelekanga ukuba bathelekise iziphumo zabo kufundo lwe-Dunning bebanga uthelekiso "ngama-apile."

EEG Technology Limitations

Okokugqibela, itekhnoloji ye-EEG ayinakulinganisa iziphumo abaphandi abathi zinako. Nangona abaphandi bema ngelithi, "Ukuphendulela kwi-Neural kwi-sampula yezesini kwisampuli yamaxhatshaxu angachasanisa ezi zimbini iingcaciso ezikhuphisanayo [ububungqina bexilongo ngokubhekiselele kwisifiso sezesondo esiphezulu],”Enyanisweni akunakulindeleka ukuba ii-EEG zikwazi ukwenza oku konke. Nangona itekhnoloji ye-EEG ibijikeleze iminyaka eyi-100, impikiswano iyaqhubeka malunga nokuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela amaza engqondo, okanye zeziphi ezifundwayo ze-EEG ezibonisa. Ngenxa yoko, iziphumo zovavanyo zinokutolikwa ngeendlela ngeendlela. Yabona I-Brainwashed: Isibheno seNgcaciso seNtsholongwane engqondweni ngengxoxo malunga nendlela i-EEG ingasetyenziswa ngayo kakubi ukufumana izigqibo ezingenasisiseko.

IEEG zilinganisa umbane womsebenzi ngaphandle kweckull, kunye nabaphandi abanomlutha abasebenzisa ii-EEG bafuna iimpawu ezinqabileyo kakhulu kwiinkalo ezithile zomlutha. Umzekelo, oku Uvavanyo lwe-EEG lwakutshanje kwii-addicts ze-Intanethi ibonisa indlela abagqibe ngayo kwi-Intanethi. Qaphela ukuba abaphandi bahlukanisa izinto ezinqabileyo zomsebenzi wobuchopho, ezinje ngokunyanzelwa, kwaye kuthintelwe amabango abanzi ohlobo olwenziwe apha yiLabhan ye-SPAN. Qaphela iqela elilawulayo kunye nokuvavanywa kwangaphambili kweziyobisi, zombini ezingabikho kule nzame yeLabhan ye-SPAN.

Mhlawumbi ababhali abazi ukuba itekhnoloji ayinakho ukwahlula phakathi kweenkqubo zokuqonda ezigqagqeneyo:

“Umlinganiselo we-P300 [umlinganiso we-EEG] waziwa kakuhle kwaye uhlala usetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuphinda usebenze kwe-neural kwiimvakalelo, ngamanye amaxesha ezesondo, izinto ezibonakalayo. Ukubuyela umva kwisalathiso secandelo elikhulu, elicothayo le-ERP luhlobo lwendalo yeenkqubo zokuqonda ezigqagqeneyo ezisekela elo candelo. Kule ngxelo yangoku, i-P300 inokubakho, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba, isalathise iinkqubo ezininzi eziqhubekayo zokuqonda.

Musa ukukhumbula ukuba, ngokwamkelwa kwabo, i-P300 ingabi yinto ekhethekileyo yokufundwa kwe-ERP yalolu hlobo. Ungazicingi ukuba ukuqhuba uhlalutyo lwamanani ngokumahluko amanqaku kuye kwabonakala kuyinkathazo kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-50, njengokuba ezinye iindlela ezikhoyo ngokungafaniyo zivame ukusetshenziswa (jonga http://public.kenan-flagler.unc.edu/faculty/edwardsj/Edwards2001b.pdf). Ungaze ucinge ukuba asazi ngokwenyani ukuba ubungakanani be-P300 kwimifanekiso ethile enxulumene nemifanekiso engathathi hlangothi ibonisa ntoni. I-P300 ibandakanya ukunakanwa kolwazi olubalulekileyo ngokweemvakalelo, kodwa njengoko uMdumisi kunye noogxa bakhe bevuma, abanakukwazi ukuqikelela ukuba i-P300 ekuphenduleni imifanekiso yezesondo iya kuphakanyiswa ngokukodwa kubantu abanomnqweno ophezulu wesondo (kuba bafumana iimvakalelo ezinamandla kwiimeko zesondo) okanye nokuba I-P300 iya kuba tyaba ngakumbi (kuba babeqhelene nemifanekiso yesondo).

Akunakukwazi ukucacisa phakathi kwengqwalasela enkulu (iphakamileyo ye-P300) ebangelwa ukuvuswa kwezesondo, okanye ingqwalasela enkulu ebangelwa iimvakalelo ezimbi, njengokucekiseka. Kananjalo netekhnoloji ye-EEG ayinakucacisa phakathi kokufunda okuphezulu kwe-P300 okuvela ekuvuseleleni ngokwesini xa kuthelekiswa / ukothuka / ukumangaliswa. Kwaye netekhnoloji ye-EEG ayinakho ukusixelela ukuba ubuchwephesha bomvuzo wesekethe wawuyekisiwe okanye hayi.

Kukho ingxaki ebaluleke ngakumbi apha: Steele et al. Kubonakala ngathi ifuna ukuthatha nokuba / okanye isondele ekuboneni imifanekiso yezesondo-ukuba iimpendulo ze-EEG zibangelwa ngumnqweno wesini okanye ingxaki yokulutha- ngokungathi umnqweno ungahlulwa ngokupheleleyo kwiingxaki zomlutha. Ngaba nabani na unokucebisa ukuba iimpendulo ze-EEG kwiziselo ezinxilisayo okanye iziyobisi zecocaine zinokubangelwa ngokupheleleyo ngumnqweno wabo weziyobisi or kwingxaki yabo yokulutha?

Eminye imiba inokuchaphazela ukufundwa kwe-EEG. Ungathini ukuba umfanekiso unxulumene nohlobo oluthandayo, kodwa iphonografi ikukhumbuza umntu ongamthandiyo / owoyikayo / ongakhathaliyo ukubona ze. Ingqondo yakho iya kuba nemibutho ephikisanayo. Ezi ngxabano zinokubakho kwimeko yemifanekiso engamanyala kunokuba kunjalo, yithi, ukubonwa kwecocaine yomgubo kunye neempumlo (ezisetyenziswa xa kuvavanywa iziyobisi zecocaine).

Ingongoma kukuba ubudlelwane obuninzi kunye nefuthe oluyinkimbinkimbi njengoko ubulili buyakwenza lula ukufunda i-EEG.

Kwakhona, uSteele et al. Ukuthatha imilinganiselo ephezulu ye-EEG kubonisa ukuvuswa kwesondo okuphezulu, kodwa i-EEG yezifundo zezifundo zazikho kuyo yonke imephu. Ngaba kungenxa yokuba abanye babo babelikhoboka kwaye abanye babengekho? Okanye ubukele iphonografi eyabacimayo. Zininzi izinto ezinokuchaphazela ukufundwa kwe-P300. Qwalasela oku kulandelayo, ukusuka olunye uphando lwe-P300:

Nangona ukubaluleka komsebenzi we-P300 kusenokwenziwa ingxoxo1, 2, Amplitude ayo alatha ulwabiwo lwezixhobo zovavanyo lokukhuthaza….Ukunciphisa iP300 I-amplitude ibiwe kwiingxaki ezininzi zeengqondo, kuquka i-schizophrenia4, ukuxinezeleka5kunye notywala6.

Ngamafutshane, umbono wombhali wokuba iingqondo zeziyobisi ziya kubonisa ubungqina bokuba likhoboka okanye ubungqina "benkanuko yesini ephezulu" abunalwazi. Nangona kunjalo i-abstract idala kumfundi uluvo lokuba iziphumo zesifundo ziya kusibonisa ukuba aba bantu baxhatshazwayo babonisa (1) ubungqina bokuba likhoboka okanye (2) unxibelelwano oluqinisekileyo kunye "nomnqweno ophezulu wesondo." Kwaye isihloko sophando emva koko sibhengeza "umnqweno wesini" ophumeleleyo.

Iimpawu ezidibeneyo nokuziphatha kakubi

Enye ingxaki kuyilo lwesifundo kukuba iLebhu ye-SPAN iphazamisa iindlela ezinxulumene nomlutha kunye nokuziphatha ngokwakho (isimilo). Kolu phononongo, abaphandi bathi ukubukela iphonografi yinto ekuthethwa ngayo, ngokungafaniyo notywala ukujonga umfanekiso webhotile yeVodka, kunye nokuba ukuphulula amalungu esini ngumsebenzi wokulutha. Oku akulunganga.

Ukubukela i-porn, yintoni abaphandi abaye bacela ezi zifundo, ukuba kunjalo le Umsebenzi wokulutha kwi-Intanethi. Abasebenzisi abaninzi babukela nokuba ukuphulula amalungu esini akunakhetho (umzekelo, ngelixa ukhwele ibhasi, iikhompyuter zelayibrari, emsebenzini, kumagumbi okulinda, njl. Ukujonga iphonografi yokukhuthaza is ukuziphatha okungalawulekiyo.

Ngokwahlukileyo, imikhondo eyinyani yeziyobisi ezingamanyala iya kuba zizinto ezinje ngokubona iibhukumaka zeendawo zabo abazithandayo, ukuva igama okanye ukubona umfanekiso obakhumbuza intombazana yabo engamanyala ye-porn okanye inkwenkwezi ye-porn, ukufikelela ngasese kwi-Intanethi ephezulu, njalo njalo. Ukuqiniseka, ukubona ukubonakaliswa okubonisa umntwana kungasebenza njengesiqhelo somntu onomlutha wolu hlobo loononophala, kodwa apha abaphandi basebenzise i-porn generic, kungekhona i-porn ehambelana nezifundo zabo.

Ukucinga ukuba olu phononongo "lufana" nezifundo zamachiza, yenye yeendlela ezininzi ezicingelwayo uSteele et al. kwenza Gcina ukhumbule ukuba umfanekiso wetafile ye-blackjack ayingcakazo; umfanekiso wesitya se-ice cream akatyi. Ukujonga iphonografi, ngokuchaseneyo, is umsebenzi wokulutha. Akukho mntu unalo naluphi na uluvo olufundwayo lweEEG kufanele kuba ngabaxhatshazwa bezocwangco ababandakanya umsebenzi wabo wokulutha.

Ngokuxoxa ngeziphumo zabo ngenxa yophando lokwenyani olunxulumene nezinye iziyobisi, abaphandi bathetha ukuba bathelekisa "iiapile namaapile." Abekho. Okokuqala, ezinye izifundo zokulutha iziyobisi uSteele et al. Izicatshulwa zibandakanya iziyobisi zeekhemikhali. Umlutha we-porn akukho lula ukuvavanya kwilebhu ngenxa yezizathu esele zichaziwe. Okwesibini, uyilo lukaSteele et al. yahluke ngokupheleleyo kwezi zifundo icaphulayo (akukho maqela olawulo, njl.).

Izifundo ezizayo kwi-cue-reactivity kwimifanekiso yesondo okanye kwiifilimu ezicacileyo kufuneka zilumke ekutolikeni iziphumo. Umzekelo ukuncipha kwempendulo yengqondo kunokubonisa ukungafuneki okanye ukuhlala, endaweni yokuba "ungabi likhoboka".

isiphelo

Okokuqala, umntu angenza ingxabano enamandla ukuba le ngcaciso ayifanele ishicilelwe. Ukuhluka kwaso kwezifundo, imibuzo engenakukwazi ukuvavanya ukuxilwa kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi, ukungabikho kokuhlola iimeko zokubambisana, nokungabikho kweqela elilawulayo kubangelwe kwiziphumo ezingathembekiyo.

Okwesibini, unxibelelwano lodwa - umnqweno omncinci wezesondo ezidibeneyo ezihambelanayo kunye neP300 ephezulu -Bonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn kukhokelela ekusebenzeni ngakumbi (kwiminqweno ye-porn), kodwa umnqweno omncinci wokulala nomntu wokwenyani. Ukubeka ngokulula: Izifundo ezisebenzisa iphonografi zinqwenela ngakumbi iphonografi, kodwa umnqweno wabo wokwabelana ngesondo okwenyani ubuphantsi kunabo bajonga kancinci. Akunjalo ngokuthe ngqo kwizihloko okanye ababhali bathi kwiimidiya (ukuba ukusetyenziswa koonobumba obuninzi kunxulumene nomnqweno ophezulu "umnqweno wesondo").

Okwesithathu, ukufunyanwa "komzimba" ephakamileyo iP300 xa ebonakaliswe kwi-pornography ibonisa ukukhuthaza (ukuhlaziywa kwe-porn-reactivity), eyinkqubo yokulutha umlutha.

Okokugqibela, sinababhali abenza amabango kwimithombo yeendaba iminyaka elula kude nedatha. Ukusuka kwizihloko, ngokucacileyo iintatheli zithenge i-spin. Oku kwalatha kwimeko emfiliba yobuntatheli besayensi. Iibhlog zesayensi kunye neendawo zeendaba ziphindaphinda ngokulula oko zikondliweyo. Akukho namnye kwimithombo yeendaba ofunde isifundo, wakhangela iinyani, okanye wacela uluvo lwesibini olufundileyo kwezona zazinzulu zeziyobisi. Ukuba ufuna ukukhuthaza i-ajenda ethile, konke okufuneka ukwenze kukudibanisa ukukhutshwa kocaphulo olunobuqili. Ayinamsebenzi into efundwe sisifundo sakho, okanye indlela yakho enesiphene inokuvelisa isaladi yedatha edibeneyo.

Qaphela kwakhona ezi zicalulo zesifundo esifanayo:

Ngokufana noSteele et al, isifundo sesibini seLabhan ye-SPAN esivela kwi-2013 safumana umahluko omkhulu phakathi kolawulo kunye "neziyobisi ezingamanyala" -Akukho Ubungqina Bokudityaniswa Kwemvakalelo kwi "I-Hypersexuals" Ukubika Iingcamango Zabo kwifilimu yoTyala (i-2013). ” Njengoko kuchaziwe kwi le ngxabano, isihloko siyazifihla ezona zinto zifunyanisiweyo. Ngapha koko, "iziyobisi ezingamanyala" zazinayo Ngaphantsi iimvakalelo zemizwa xa kuthelekiswa nokulawula. Oku akumangalisi kangako Ukuxhatshazwa koononophala kubiza iimvakalelo ezinzima neemvakalelo. Ababhali bayasithethelela isihloko esithi balindele “impendulo enkulu yeemvakalelo”, kodwa abakuniki ncomo kolu “lindelo” luthandabuzekayo. Isihloko esichanekileyo kunokuba njalo:Izifundo ezinobunzima bokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwazo koononophelo zibonisa impendulo engaphantsi kwemizwa yezobugcisa zesondo". Babephelelwe lithemba

khangela Izifundo ezithandabuzekayo nezilahlekisayo kwiimpapasho ezipapashwe kakhulu ezingekho oko bathi zikho.