ZOCHITIKA 2016: Kusanthula kwakukulu kwa zomwe Joshua Grubbs akunena ndi maphunziro ake kungapezeke apa - Kodi Grubbs akutivutitsa ndi kafukufuku wake wa "kuonera zolaula"? (2016)
ZOCHITIKA 2017: Kafukufuku watsopano ( Fernandez et al. , 2017 ) adayesa ndikuwunika CPUI-9, yomwe imatchedwa "kuonera zolaula zomwe zimaonedwa kuti ndizolakwika" yopangidwa ndi Joshua Grubbs, ndipo adapeza kuti singathe kuwona molondola "chizolowezi chenicheni cha zolaula" kapena "chizolowezi choonera zolaula" ( Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula za pa Intaneti Zimagwiritsa Ntchito Ziwerengero za Inventory-9 Zimasonyeza Kukakamizidwa Kwenikweni mu Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula pa Intaneti? Kufufuza Udindo wa Kudziletsa ). Inapezanso kuti 1/3 ya mafunso a CPUI-9 ayenera kuchotsedwa kuti abweretse zotsatira zenizeni zokhudzana ndi "kukana makhalidwe abwino", "chipembedzo", ndi "maola ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula." Zomwe zapezekazi zikubweretsa kukayikira kwakukulu pa zomwe zapezeka kuchokera ku kafukufuku aliyense yemwe wagwiritsa ntchito CPUI-9 kapena kudalira maphunziro omwe adagwiritsa ntchito. Nkhawa ndi kutsutsa kwakukulu kwa kafukufuku watsopanoyu kumafanana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa mu ndemanga yayikulu ya YBOP iyi.
ZOSINTHA 2018: Nkhani yofalitsa nkhani yodziwika ngati ndemanga yolembedwa ndi Grubbs, Samuel Perry, Rory Reid & Joshua Wilt - Kafukufuku Akusonyeza kuti ndemanga ya Grubbs, Perry, Wilt, Reid ndi Yonyenga ("Mavuto a Zolaula Chifukwa cha Kusalingana kwa Makhalidwe: Chitsanzo Chophatikizana Chokhala ndi Ndemanga Yadongosolo ndi Kusanthula kwa Meta") 2018.
ZOSINTHA 2019: Joshua Grubbs adatsimikiza tsankho lake lalikulu chifukwa cha zolinga zake pamene adagwirizana ndi anzawo Nicole Prause, Marty Klein ndi David Ley poyesa kuletsa YourBrainOnPorn.com . Grubbs ndi "akatswiri" ena otsutsa zolaula pa www.realyourbrainonporn.com akuchita nawo zinthu zosaloledwa komanso kuphwanya malamulo okhudza malonda. Grubbs adatumizidwa kalata yoletsa ndi kusiya, zomwe zidanyalanyazidwa. Milandu ikupitilirabe kutsatiridwa.
ZOSINTHA 2019: Pomaliza, Grubbs sanadalire chida chake cha CPUI-9 . CPUI-9 ili ndi mafunso atatu akuti "kudzimva wolakwa ndi manyazi/kuvutika maganizo" omwe sapezeka kawirikawiri mu zida zoledzera - ndipo amasokoneza zotsatira zake, zomwe zimapangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zachipembedzo kupeza mwayi wopeza ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri komanso osapembedza kuti apeze mwayi wotsika kuposa anthu omwe amaphunzira pazida zoyezera chizolowezi choledzera. M'malo mwake, kafukufuku watsopano wa Grubbs adafunsa mafunso awiri olunjika a inde/ayi kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (" Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndimakonda kwambiri zolaula za pa intaneti ." " Ndingadzitche kuti ndine wokonda zolaula pa intaneti ."). Potsutsana mwachindunji ndi zomwe adanena kale, Dr. Grubbs ndi gulu lake lofufuza adapeza kuti kukhulupirira kuti mumakonda zolaula kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi maola ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito zolaula tsiku lililonse, osati ndi chipembedzo.
ZOSINTHA 2020: Wofufuza wosakondera Mateuz Gola adagwirizana ndi Grubbs. M'malo mogwiritsa ntchito CPUI-9 yolakwika kwambiri ya Grubbs, kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito funso limodzi: " Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndimakonda kwambiri zolaula pa intaneti ". Izi zidapangitsa kuti pakhale mgwirizano wochepa kapena wopanda mgwirizano pakati pa kupembedza ndi kudzikhulupirira kuti ndimakonda kwambiri zolaula. Onani: Kuwunika Mavuto a Zithunzi Zolaula Chifukwa cha Kusalingana kwa Makhalidwe (2019)
THE CRITIC
Nazi mitu ina yomwe yachokera mu kafukufuku watsopanowu wolembedwa ndi Joshua B. Grubbs, Nicholas Stauner, Julie J. Exline, Kenneth I. Pargament, ndi Matthew J. Lindberg ( Grubbs et al ., 2015):
- Psychology Research Links Mavuto Amadziwika Kuonera Zolaula pa Intaneti
- Kuonera Zolaula N'koyenera. Kukhulupirira Mu Kulimbitsa Thupi Siko
- Kuledzera Kwadzidzidzi Kwa Porn N'kovulaza Kwambiri Kuposa Porn Gwiritsani Ntchito
- Kukhulupirira Kuti Muli ndi Matenda Okhudzana ndi Kugonana Ndizo Chifukwa Chavuto Lanu la Zolaula, Kufufuza Kumaphunzira
Mwachidule, mfundo yaikulu ya kafukufukuyu inanenedwa kuti: "chizolowezi chodziwika" cha zolaula chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kuvutika maganizo kuposa maola atsiku ndi tsiku owonera zolaula. Chidule cha nkhani imodzi yomwe ili pamwambapa:
Kafukufuku watsopano m'magazini ya Psychology of Addictive Behaviors apeza kuti kukhala ndi chilakolako choonera zolaula, ndiko kuti, "kukhala ndi chizoloŵezi cholaula zolaula mosasamala kanthu za zolaula zenizeni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito" -kugwirizana ndi mitundu yovuta maganizo monga kuphwanya, nkhawa, mkwiyo, ndi nkhawa . Zithunzi zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, olembawo anapeza, "zinali zosagwirizana ndi maganizo a maganizo."
Ngakhale mawu omwe ali pamwambapa ali ndi zolakwika zomwe tiziwunika, tiyeni tizitenge pamtengo. Owerenga amangokhala ndi malingaliro akuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sizinthu zazikulu, koma "kukhulupirira" kuti mumakonda zolaula kumakupangitsani kukhala ndi nkhawa. Kuchotsa: Ndi thanzi labwino kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula bola ngati simukukhulupirira kuti ndinu osokoneza bongo.
Zonena za Grubbs et al, ndi mitu yonse yazotsatira, zimakhazikitsidwa pazipeza izi: Maola omwe ophunzira akhala akugwiritsa ntchito masiku ano sanalumikizane mokwanira (mwa malingaliro a ochita kafukufuku) ndi zambiri pa zolaula za Grubbs zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafunso (Cyber Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito "CPUI". Kunena mwanjira ina, ngati zolaula zilipodi pamenepo "ziyenera kukhala", malinga ndi momwe olembawo amaganizira, ubale wamodzi ndi m'modzi pakati pamaola omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito pano ndi ma CPUI. Grubbs ndi al. ananenanso kuti "kuvutika maganizo" kunali kokhudzana ndi zambiri pa CPUI, koma osati zogwirizana kwambiri ndi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito.
Nayi mfundo: Palibe maziko asayansi oti CPUI ikhale " chizolowezi chodziwika ," koma ndicho chimene mitu yonse yodzaza imachirikiza! CPUI sinatsimikizidwepo kuti ndi "chizolowezi chodziwika" m'malo mwa chizolowezi "chenicheni".
Kuti zonena za Grubbs et al. Ndikutanthauzira zikhale zowona, ZONSE za izi ziyenera kukhala zowona ndikuthandizidwa ndi kafukufuku weniweni:
1) Pulogalamu Yogwiritsira Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula pa Intaneti (CPUI) iyenera kuwunika "chizolowezi chodziwika" cha zolaula koma osati chizolowezi chenicheni cha zolaula.
- Grubbs mwiniwake adapanga 9-item CPUI ngati mndandanda wazovuta zapaintaneti, osati mayeso omwe amadziwika kuti ndi osokoneza bongo. Apa adasankha kuyigwiritsa ntchito m'malo mwa mayeso ena ovomerezeka, makamaka kuti apange chinyengo choti amatha kuyeza "chizolowezi chodziwika" m'malo mongomwa. M'malo mwake, CPUI imayesa zizindikilo zomwezo, zizindikilo ndi zizindikiritso monga zomwe zimayesedwa.
- Pakafukufuku wapano, Grubbs et al. gwiritsani ntchito mawu oti "zolaula zolaula" mofananamo ndi kuchuluka kwa maphunziro pa CPUI, popanda chifukwa chasayansi.
2) Kusuta zolaula pa intaneti kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi maola owonera zolaula.
- Izi zimatsutsidwa ndi zolemba za sayansi. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa Intaneti ≠ maola oonera zolaula.
- Chodabwitsa, Grubbs et al. kuphunzira kumasonyeza kuti kwenikweni kunali mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa maola ogwiritsira ntchito ndi CPUI! Kuchokera p. 6 ya phunziroli:
"Kuphatikiza apo, zithunzi zolaula zomwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse m'maola angapo zinali zogwirizana kwambiri komanso zabwino ndi kupsinjika maganizo, nkhawa, ndi mkwiyo, komanso chizolowezi chodziona kuti ndi chizolowezi ."
Ponena za mfundo yoyamba, Grubbs adalemba mafunso ake okhudzana ndi zolaula (CPUI), kenako pambuyo pake adalengeza mosabisa kuti amangoyesa "zolaula" - osawonetsa chifukwa chomukonzekereranso. (Zowonadi!)
Ponena za mfundo yachiwiri, magulu ofufuza am'mbuyomu apeza kuti "maola ogwiritsiridwa ntchito" osagwirizana ndi chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti (kapena chizolowezi choseweretsa makanema). Ndiye kuti, kuledzera kumanenedweratu molondola ndi zosintha zina kuposa "maola ogwiritsa ntchito." Izi zati, monga momwe mukuwonera pamwambapa, Grubbs adapeza kulumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwamavuto ndi kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe.
Tiona zambiri pazifukwa zomwe malingaliro a Grubbs et al. Sizowona kapena zothandiza pansipa, koma ndi momwe ofufuzawo akadatha kufotokozera zomwe apeza osasokeretsa anthu:
"Kafukufuku apeza kuti mbali zina zolaula zimakhudzana kwambiri ndi kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe ndipo sizogwirizana kwenikweni (komabe) zogwirizana ndi maola omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito pano."
Mndandanda wa mapepala: Zoledzeretsa zimagwirizana ndi kuvutika maganizo, ndipo ndizomwe amagwiritsa ntchito maola. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi nkhani zowonongeka, zomwe zimabweretsa phunziro.
CPUI Sikuyesa Zomwe Zili Zenizeni Zolaula, kapena "Kuzindikira Zolaula"
Mu pepala loyamba la Grubbs la 2010, adatsimikizira kuti Cyber-Pornography Use Inventory (CPUI) yake ya mafunso 43 inali yofufuza zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chogonana, pomwe ankafufuza zinthu zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi chizolowezi (mafunso okhudza kudziimba mlandu ndi manyazi). Chofunika kwambiri kwa ife ndichakuti palibe paliponse mu pepala la 2010 pomwe adagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "chizolowezi chodziwika". Magawo ochokera mu pepala loyambirira la Grubbs otsimikizira kuti CPUI yake imangoyang'ana chizolowezi chenicheni cha zolaula:
Ma model omwe adafotokozedwa kale omwe adaperekedwa kuti amvetsetse zizolowezi zamakhalidwe anali malingaliro oyamba a chiphunzitso omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza chida cha kafukufukuyu, Cyber-Pornography Use Inventory (CPUI), chofanana ndi Internet Sex Screening Test yopangidwa ndi Delmonico (Delmonico & Griffin, 2008). Kapangidwe ka CPUI kanachokera pa mfundo yakuti khalidwe loledzera limadziwika ndi kulephera kusiya khalidweli, zotsatira zoyipa zazikulu chifukwa cha khalidweli, komanso kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi khalidweli (Delmonico & Miller, 2003).
CPUI imasonyezadi lonjezo ngati chida chowunikira chizolowezi cha zolaula pa intaneti. Pomwe zida zam'mbuyomu, monga ISST, zidayesa chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti chochuluka, sikelo iyi idawonetsa lonjezo poyesa chizolowezi cha zolaula pa intaneti. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zomwe zili pa sikelo ya Addictive Patterns yomwe yafotokozedwa kale zikuwoneka kuti zikupeza chithandizo chamalingaliro komanso kutsimikizika kwa kapangidwe kake poyerekeza ndi njira zodziwira matenda a Substance Dependence ndi Pathological Gambling, ICD.
Pomaliza, zinthu zisanu zomwe zili pa sikelo ya Addictive Patterns kuchokera pa sikelo yoyambirira ya Compulsivity zikuwoneka kuti zikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi kulephera kwa munthuyo kusiya khalidwe lomwe akuchita. Kulephera kusiya khalidwe lovuta nthawi iliyonse sikuti ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa matenda a SD ndi PG, komanso kungaganizidwe ngati chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za chizolowezi, monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu SD, ndi ICDs (Dixon et al., 2007; Pontenza, 2006). Zikuwoneka kuti ndi kulephera kumeneku komwe kumayambitsa vutoli.
Mu kafukufuku wa 2013, Grubbs anachepetsa chiwerengero cha mafunso a CPUI kuchoka pa 43 kufika pa 9, ndipo anatchanso mayeso ake enieni okhudzana ndi chizolowezi chogonana ndi zolaula kuti ndi mayeso a "kuzindikira chizolowezi chogonana ndi zolaula". Anachita izi popanda kufotokoza, pomwe adagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "kuzindikira chizolowezi" nthawi 80 mu pepala la 2013. Tiyeni timveke bwino - Grubbs sanatsimikizire CPUI yake ngati chida chowunikira kusiyanitsa chizolowezi chenicheni cha zolaula ndi "kuzindikira chizolowezi chogonana ndi zolaula".
Kodi nchifukwa ninji Joshua Grubbs adatchulanso CPUI kuti ndiyeso "yozindikira"?
Ngakhale Grubbs mwiniwake sananene kuti mayeserowa atha kuzindikira kuti ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo, ntchito yake ya mawu osocheretsa ("chizolowezi chomwa chizolowezi") pazambiri pa chida chake cha CPUI-9 yatsogolera ena kuganiza kuti chida chake chili ndi mphamvu yamatsenga yokhoza kusiyanitsa pakati pa "kuzindikira" ndi "zenizeni". Izi zawononga kwambiri gawo lazowonera zolaula chifukwa ena amadalira mapepala ake ngati umboni wazinthu zomwe sangakwanitse, ndipo sangathe. Palibe mayeso omwe amatha kusiyanitsa "zenizeni" ndi zomwe "zimawoneka". Kungodzilemba ngati izi sikungapangitse kuti zikhale choncho.
Joshua Grubbs adati mu imelo kuti wowunikira kafukufuku wake wachiwiri wa CPUI-9 adamupangitsa iye ndi olemba anzake a kafukufuku wa 2013 kusintha mawu akuti "chizolowezi chogonana" a CPUI-9 (chifukwa wowunikirayo adanyoza "kapangidwe" ka chizolowezi chogonana). Ichi ndichifukwa chake Grubbs adasintha kufotokozera kwake kwa mayesowo kukhala mafunso a "chizolowezi chogonana chodziwika ". Mwachidule, wowunikira/mkonzi wosadziwika pa magazini imodzi iyi ndiye adayambitsa chizindikiro chosachirikizidwa komanso chosokeretsa cha " chizolowezi chogonana chodziwika ." CPUI sinatsimikizidwepo ngati mayeso oyesa kusiyanitsa chizolowezi chenicheni cha zolaula ndi " chizolowezi chogonana chodziwika. " "Nayi Grubbs akulankhula za njirayi , kuphatikiza ndemanga za wowunikirayo:
Pepala langa loyamba logwiritsa ntchito zolaula: "Izi [zolaula] ndizofunika kuyerekezera ndi kubedwa kwachilendo: zilibe tanthauzo."
Nicole R Prause, PhD @NicoleRPrause
Inu kapena wolembapo?
Wongoyang'ana anandiuza ine
Josh Grubbs @JoshuaGrubbsPhD Jul 14
Ndipotu chomwe chinandichititsa kuti ndizindikire kuti ndimagwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa, ndinaganiza za ndemanga zowonongeka.
Chiyambi cha Josh Grubbs CPUI-9 ndi momwe zimasokonezera zotsatira zake
M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, Dr. Joshua Grubbs walemba maphunziro angapo okhudzana ndi chipembedzo cha ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, maola ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kusavomereza makhalidwe abwino, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zili ndi zigoli pafunso lake la zinthu 9 lakuti "The Cyber Pornography Use Inventory" (CPUI-9). Pa chisankho chachilendo chomwe chapangitsa kuti anthu asamvetse bwino zomwe adapeza, Dr. Grubbs akunena kuti chiwerengero chonse cha CPUI-9 cha anthu ake ndi "chizolowezi choonera zolaula. " Izi zikupereka lingaliro labodza lakuti chida chake cha CPUI-9 chimasonyeza momwe munthu amangozindikira kuti ndi woledzera (m'malo mokhala woledzera ). Koma palibe chida chomwe chingachite zimenezo, ndipo osati ichi.
Kunena mwanjira ina, mawu akuti "chizolowezi choonera zolaula" akusonyeza china chilichonse kupatula chiwerengero: chiwerengero chonse pa mafunso 9 otsatirawa okhudza zolaula ndi mafunso atatu okhudza kudzimva ndi manyazi. Sichimasiyanitsa tirigu ndi mankhusu malinga ndi chizolowezi chozindikira poyerekeza ndi chizolowezi chenicheni . Komanso CPUI-9 simayesa chizolowezi chenicheni cha zolaula.
Gawo Loyamba Kukakamizidwa
- Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndimakonda kwambiri zolaula pa Intaneti.
- Ndikumva kuti sindingalepheretse kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa Intaneti.
- Ngakhale pamene sindikufuna kuona zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti, ndimamva kuti ndikuyandikira
Gawo la Mayesero Opeza
- Nthaŵi zina, ndimayesetsa kukonza ndondomeko yanga kuti ndikhale ndekha kuti ndione zolaula.
- Ndakana kukakhala ndi anzanga kapena kupita kuntchito zina kuti ndipeze zolaula.
- Ndaika zofunikira kwambiri kuti ndiziona zolaula.
Kusokonezeka Maganizo Section
- Ndimachita manyazi ndikaona zolaula pa intaneti.
- Ndimaona kuti ndikuvutika maganizo chifukwa choona zolaula pa intaneti.
- Ndimadwala kwambiri ndikaona zolaula pa intaneti.
Monga mukuonera, CPUI-9 singathe kusiyanitsa pakati pa chizolowezi chenicheni cha zolaula ndi "chikhulupiriro" cha chizolowezi cha zolaula. Anthu omwe adafunsidwa "sanadzitchule kuti ndi oledzera zolaula" mu kafukufuku aliyense wa Grubbs . Anangoyankha mafunso 9 omwe ali pamwambapa, ndipo adapeza zigoli zonse.
Kodi kafukufuku wa Grubbs adanenapo za ubale wotani? Chiwerengero chonse cha CPUI-9 chinali chogwirizana ndi chipembedzo (monga tafotokozera pamwambapa), komanso chogwirizana ndi "maola owonera zolaula pa sabata." Mu maphunziro ena a Grubbs, ubale wolimba pang'ono unachitika pakati pa chipembedzo ndi chiwerengero chonse cha CPUI-9 ("chizolowezi chowonera zolaula") mwa ena, mgwirizano wamphamvu unachitika ndi maola ogwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi chiwerengero chonse cha CPUI-9 ("chizolowezi chowonera zolaula").
Atolankhani ananyalanyaza zomwe anapezazo ndipo anagwiritsa ntchito kugwirizana pakati pa chipembedzo ndi ziwerengero zonse za CPUI-9 (zomwe tsopano zimatchedwa "chizolowezi chodziwika"), ndipo m'njira imeneyi atolankhani anasintha zomwe anapezazo kukhala "anthu achipembedzo amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi chizolowezi choonera zolaula." Atolankhani ananyalanyaza kugwirizana kwamphamvu pakati pa ziwerengero za CPUI-9 ndi maola ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, ndipo anatulutsa nkhani zambiri zolakwika monga positi iyi ya blog ya David Ley: Chikhulupiriro Chanu pa Kusuta Zolaula Chimapangitsa Zinthu Kuipa Kwambiri : Chizindikiro cha "chizolowezi choonera zolaula" chimayambitsa kuvutika maganizo koma kuonera zolaula sikutero. Nayi kufotokozera kolakwika kwa Ley pa kafukufuku wa Grubbs CPUI-9:
Ngati wina amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi chizoloŵezi chogonana, chikhulupiriro ichi chinaneneratu kuti kuzunzidwa kwapansi kwapansi kumakhala pansi, ziribe kanthu kuchuluka kwake, kapena zochepa, zolaula zomwe anali kuzigwiritsa ntchito.
Kuchotsa zolakwika za Ley, chiganizo chapamwambachi chikanakhoza kuwerenga molondola: "Zopambana pa CPUI-9 zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zovuta pa mafunso okhudza maganizo (nkhawa, kupsinjika maganizo, mkwiyo)." Ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi mafunso alionse okhudzana ndi chizoloŵezi cha mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, maulendo apamwamba pa kafukufuku wogwiritsira ntchito mowa akugwirizana ndi maulendo apamwamba a maganizo. Kusadabwitsa kwakukulu.
Chinsinsi cha zonena zonse zokayikitsa ndi mgwirizano wokayikitsa: mafunso a Emotional Distress (7-9) amachititsa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zachipembedzo kupeza zigoli zambiri komanso ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zadziko kuti apeze zigoli zochepa kwambiri, komanso kupanga mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa "kusavomereza makhalidwe abwino" ndi chiwerengero chonse cha CPUI-9 ("kuzindikira chizolowezi cholaula").
Kunena mwanjira ina, ngati mugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira kuchokera ku mafunso a CPUI-9 1-6 okha (omwe amawunika zizindikiro za chizolowezi chenicheni ), maubwenziwo amasintha kwambiri - ndipo nkhani zonse zokayikitsa zomwe zimati manyazi ndi chifukwa chenicheni cha chizolowezi cha zolaula sizikanalembedwapo.
Kuti tiwone maubwenzi angapo owulula, tiyeni tigwiritse ntchito deta kuchokera mu pepala la 2015 la Grubbs (“ Kuchimwa monga Chizolowezi: Chipembedzo ndi Kusavomerezeka kwa Makhalidwe Abwino monga Oneneratu za Chizolowezi Chodziwika cha Zolaula ”). Lili ndi maphunziro atatu osiyana ndipo mutu wake wotsutsa ukusonyeza kuti chipembedzo ndi kusavomereza makhalidwe abwino “zimayambitsa” kukhulupirira chizolowezi cha zolaula.
Malangizo omvetsetsa chiwerengero patebulo: Zero amatanthawuza kuti palibe mgwirizano pakati pa mitundu iwiri; 1.00 imatanthauza mgwirizano wathunthu pakati pa mitundu iwiri. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kusiyana kwa 2.
Mu mgwirizano woyambawu tikuwona momwe makhalidwe oipa amatsutsana kwambiri ndi 3 kuweruzidwa ndi mafunso amanyazi (Chisokonezo Chakumtima), komabe zofooka ndi zigawo zina ziwiri zomwe zimayesa zowonongeka (mafunso 1-6). Mafunso Ovutika maganizo amachititsa kuti munthu asavomereze makhalidwe abwino kuti akhale ndi chiwerengero chokwanira cha CPUI-9.
Koma ngati tigwiritsa ntchito mafunso enieni okhaokha okhudzana ndi zolaula (1-6), mgwirizano ndi wokongola kwambiri ndi Kusayenerera Khalidwe (mwa kulankhula-sayansi, Kusayenerera Khalidwe ndizovuta kuwonetsa zolaula).
Gawo lachiwiri la nkhaniyi ndi momwe 3 Emotional Distress yofananayo imagwirizanirana kwambiri ndi magwiritsidwe ntchito a zolaula, pomwe mafunso enieni okhudzana ndi zolaula (1-6) amagwirizana kwambiri ndi magwiritsidwe ntchito olaula.
Umu ndi momwe mafunso atatu a Emotional Distress amasinthira zotsatira. Amachepetsa ubale pakati pa "maola ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula" ndi zigoli zonse za CPUI-9 ("chizolowezi chodziwika"). Kenako, chiwerengero chonse cha magawo atatu a mayeso a CPUI-9 chimatchedwanso "chizolowezi chodziwika" ndi Grubbs. Kenako, m'manja mwa omenyera ufulu wotsutsa zolaula, "chizolowezi chodziwika" chimasanduka "kudzizindikiritsa ngati munthu wokonda zolaula." Olimbikitsa ufuluwo agwiritsa ntchito mgwirizano wamphamvu ndi kusavomereza makhalidwe abwino, komwe CPUI-9 imapanga nthawi zonse , ndipo tsopano akunena kuti, "kukhulupirira chizolowezi chogonana ndi manyazi chabe! "
Ndi nyumba ya makadi omangidwa pa 3 kumlandu komanso funso losautsa lomwe silinapezepo muyeso ina iliyonse yowonongeka, kuphatikizapo nthawi yosokoneza yomwe wolemba mafunso akugwiritsa ntchito poyesa mafunso ake a 9 (monga chiwerengero cha "kuwonetsa zolaula").
Nyumba ya makadi ya CPUI-9 inagwa ndi kafukufuku wa 2017 womwe unapangitsa kuti CPUI-9 ikhale yopanda ntchito ngati chida chowunikira "chizolowezi choonera zolaula" kapena chizolowezi chenicheni cha zolaula: Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula za pa Intaneti Zimagwiritsa Ntchito Ziwerengero za Inventory-9 Zimasonyeza Kukakamizidwa Kwenikweni mu Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula pa Intaneti? Kufufuza Udindo wa Kudziletsa . Inapezanso kuti 1/3 ya mafunso a CPUI-9 ayenera kuchotsedwa kuti abweretse zotsatira zenizeni zokhudzana ndi "kukana makhalidwe abwino," "chipembedzo," ndi "maola ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula." Mukuwona zigawo zonse zofunika apa , koma Fernandez et al., 2018 akufupikitsa zinthu:
Chachiwiri, zomwe tapeza zapangitsa kuti anthu azikayikira ngati Emotional Distress subscale ingakhale gawo la CPUI-9. Monga momwe zapezekera nthawi zonse m'maphunziro ambiri (monga Grubbs et al., 2015a,c), zomwe tapeza zawonetsanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito IP pafupipafupi sikunagwirizane ndi Emotional Distress scores. Chofunika kwambiri, kukakamiza kwenikweni monga momwe kwafotokozedwera mu kafukufukuyu (kuyesa kudziletsa kosatha x kuyesa kudziletsa) sikunagwirizane ndi Emotional Distress scores.
Ziwerengero za Emotional Distress zinanenedweratu kwambiri ndi kusavomereza makhalidwe abwino, mogwirizana ndi maphunziro am'mbuyomu omwe adapezanso kuyanjana kwakukulu pakati pa awiriwa (Grubbs et al., 2015a; Wilt et al., 2016)…. Motero, kuphatikizidwa kwa gawo la Emotional Distress ngati gawo la CPUI-9 kungasokoneze zotsatira mwanjira yoti kuwonjezere chiwerengero chonse cha ogwiritsa ntchito IP omwe amatsutsa zolaula, ndikuchepetsa chiwerengero chonse cha ogwiritsa ntchito IP omwe amavomereza kuti ali ndi ziwerengero zapamwamba za Perceived Compulsivity , koma osavomereza zolaula.
Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa Chisokonezo cha Emotional Distcale chinachokera pachiwerengero cha "Chilungamitso" choyambirira chomwe chinapangidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito makamaka ndi anthu achipembedzo (Grubbs et al., 2010), ndipo ntchito yake ndi anthu omwe si achipembedzo sichidziwika chifukwa cha zotsatira zotsatira zokhudzana ndi izi.
Nayi mfundo yaikulu: Mafunso atatu a "Mavuto Amaganizo" alibe malo mu CPUI-9 , kapena mafunso aliwonse okhudzana ndi chizolowezi chogonana. Mafunso awa odzimva ndi manyazi sayesa mavuto okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula molakwika kapena "malingaliro a chizolowezi." Mafunso atatuwa amangowonjezera zigoli zonse za CPUI-9 kwa anthu achipembedzo pomwe akuchepetsa zigoli zonse za CPUI-9 kwa anthu omwe sali achipembedzo omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogonana.
Mwachidule, mfundo ndi zomwe CPUI-9 inanena ndi zosalondola. Joshua Grubbs adapanga mafunso omwe sangasankhidwe, ndipo sanatsimikizidwepo, posankha "zodziwika" kuchokera ku chizolowezi chenicheni : CPUI-9. Popanda zifukwa zasayansi, adalembanso CPUI -9 yake ngati mafunso "odziwika ndi chizolowezi choonera zolaula".
Popeza CPUI-9 inali ndi mafunso atatu osafunikira oyesa kudzimva kuti ndi wolakwa komanso wamanyazi, zigoli za CPUI-9 za ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zachipembedzo nthawi zambiri zimakokedwa . Kupezeka kwa zigoli zapamwamba za CPUI-9 kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zachipembedzo kunaperekedwa kwa atolankhani ngati chonena kuti, " anthu achipembedzo amakhulupirira zabodza kuti ali ndi chizolowezi choonera zolaula ." Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi maphunziro angapo ogwirizana ndi kusavomereza makhalidwe abwino ndi zigoli za CPUI-9 . Popeza anthu achipembedzo monga gulu amapeza zigoli zambiri pakusavomereza makhalidwe abwino, ndipo (motero) CPUI-9 yonse, zinanenedwa (popanda chithandizo chenicheni) kuti kusavomereza makhalidwe abwino kozikidwa pa chipembedzo ndiye chifukwa chenicheni cha chizolowezi choonera zolaula. Ndi kudumphadumpha kwakukulu, ndipo sikuli koyenera ngati nkhani ya sayansi.
Chiwonetsero cha YouTube chikuwulula CPUI-9 ndi nthano ya "chizolowezi chodziwika": Zolaula Zolaula ndi Chizolowezi Chodziwika
Maola amasiku ano sali okhudzana ndi kuledzera
Mapeto a Grubbs et al.adalira makamaka cholakwika: Kukula kwa chizolowezi zolaula kumayesedwa bwino ndi maola angapo owonera zolaula pa intaneti. Monga Grubbs et al. sanapeze kulumikizana kokwanira (m'malingaliro awo) m'maphunziro awo, adamaliza maphunziro awo kungoti "adazindikira kuti ali osokoneza bongo" m'malo mwake. Mabowo akulu awiri munkhaniyi amathandizira kuti Grubbs et al. Azikayikira.
Monga tafotokozera kale, choyamba choyamba ndi chakuti Grubbs et al. kwenikweni anapeza mgwirizano wokongola pakati pa maola ogwiritsira ntchito ndi CPUI! Kuchokera p. 6 ya phunziroli:
"Kuphatikiza apo, zithunzi zolaula zomwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse m'maola angapo zinali zogwirizana kwambiri komanso zabwino ndi kupsinjika maganizo, nkhawa, ndi mkwiyo, komanso chizolowezi chodziona kuti ndi chizolowezi ."
Siyani makina osindikizira! Nkhaniyi imatsutsana mwachindunji ndi mitu yonse, yomwe imati kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikunali kogwirizana kwambiri ndimavuto amisala kapena "chizolowezi choledzeretsa." Apanso, mukamawona mawu oti "chizolowezi chomwa chizolowezi" amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa maphunziro onse pa CPUI (yomwe ndimayeso osokoneza bongo).
Kuzinena zonsezi njira ina: Kuvutika kwa maganizo ndi ma CPUI zogwirizana kwambiri ndi maola ogwiritsira ntchito. Kodi mtolankhani kapena blogger aliyense amawerengapo phunziro lenileni?
Bowo lachiwiri m'malingaliro a kafukufukuyu, omwe mungayendetse galimoto yayikulu, ndikuti kafukufuku wokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti ndi masewera apakanema ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ) wanena kuti chizolowezi chilichonse sichikugwirizana ndi maola ogwiritsira ntchito . 'Maola ogwiritsira ntchito' osinthika ndi muyeso wosadalirika wa chizolowezi, ndipo zida zodziwika bwino zowunikira chizolowezi zimayesa chizolowezi pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zambiri (monga zomwe zalembedwa mu CPUI). Maphunziro otsatirawa okhudzana ndi chizolowezi cha kugonana pa intaneti, omwe Grubbs sanawachotse, amanena kuti palibe ubale pakati pa maola ndi zizindikiro za chizolowezi:
"Zotsatira zikusonyeza kuti mavuto omwe anthu adadzinenera okha pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku okhudzana ndi zochitika zogonana pa intaneti adanenedweratu ndi ziwerengero zogonana zomwe zikuwonetsa zolaula, kuopsa kwa zizindikiro zamaganizo padziko lonse lapansi, komanso kuchuluka kwa mapulogalamu ogonana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito akakhala pa intaneti tsiku ndi tsiku, pomwe nthawi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa intaneti (mphindi patsiku) sinathandizire kwambiri kufotokozera kusiyana kwa mayeso okhudzana ndi kugonana pa intaneti (IATsex). Tikuwona kufanana pakati pa njira zoganizira ndi ubongo zomwe zingathandize kusunga kugonana kwambiri pa intaneti ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo."
"Zomwe zapezeka posachedwapa zasonyeza kugwirizana pakati pa kuopsa kwa CyberSex Addiction (CA) ndi zizindikiro za chilakolako chogonana, komanso kuti kuthana ndi makhalidwe ogonana kumathandizira ubale pakati pa chilakolako chogonana ndi zizindikiro za CA. Zotsatira zake zasonyeza kugwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa zizindikiro za CA ndi zizindikiro za chilakolako chogonana ndi chilakolako chogonana, kuthana ndi makhalidwe ogonana, ndi zizindikiro zamaganizo. CyberSex Addiction sinali yogwirizana ndi machitidwe ogonana osagwiritsidwa ntchito pa intaneti komanso nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito kugonana pa intaneti sabata iliyonse ."
Malinga ndi chidziwitso chathu chabwino kwambiri, kafukufukuyu ndi woyamba kuwunika mwachindunji mgwirizano pakati pa kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi khalidwe lenileni la kufunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala kuti agwiritse ntchito zolaula movutikira (monga kuyendera katswiri wa zamaganizo, katswiri wa zamaganizo kapena katswiri wa zachiwerewere pachifukwa ichi). Zotsatira zathu zikusonyeza kuti maphunziro amtsogolo, ndi chithandizo, m'munda uno ziyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri momwe kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumakhudzira moyo wa munthu (khalidwe) m'malo mongobwerezabwereza (kuchuluka), chifukwa zizindikiro zoyipa zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula (m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi) ndizo zomwe zimawonetsa kwambiri khalidwe lofunafuna chithandizo.
Ubale pakati pa PU ndi zizindikiro zoyipa unali wofunikira ndipo unayambitsidwa ndi chipembedzo chomwe chinanenedwa, chodziyimira pawokha (chofooka, chosagwirizana pang'ono) pakati pa anthu osafuna chithandizo. Pakati pa anthu ofuna chithandizo, chipembedzo sichikugwirizana ndi zizindikiro zoyipa.
Ziwerengero zapamwamba pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti zinali zogwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti tsiku lililonse kapena pafupipafupi. Komabe, zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti panalibe kulumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti komanso kulimbana ndi nkhawa, kuvutika maganizo, komanso kukhutira ndi moyo ndi ubale . Kugwirizana kwakukulu ndi ziŵerengero zapamwamba za zolaula pa intaneti kunaphatikizapo kuwonetsedwa koyamba pa zolaula pa intaneti, chizolowezi cha masewera apakanema, komanso kukhala mwamuna. Ngakhale zotsatira zabwino za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti zalembedwa m'mabuku am'mbuyomu, zotsatira zathu sizikusonyeza kuti magwiridwe antchito amisala ndi anthu amakula bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti pang'ono kapena mwachisawawa.
Motero, kuyambira pachiyambi kafukufukuyu ndi zomwe akunena zikugwa chifukwa mfundo zake zimadalira kufananiza maola omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano ndi kuchuluka kwa chizolowezi/mavuto/mavuto omwe anthu omwe akutenga nawo mbali amawanena ngati muyeso wovomerezeka wa chizolowezi.
Chifukwa chiyani akatswiri osokoneza bongo samadalira maola ogwiritsa ntchito? Ingoganizirani kuyesera kuyesa zosokoneza mwa kungofunsa, "Kodi pano mukudya maola angati (mukudya zosokoneza bongo)?" kapena "Mumathera maola angati kutchova juga (kuwonjezera njuga)?" kapena "Mumatha maola angati mukumwa mowa mwauchidakwa?" Kuti muwonetse momwe maola ogwiritsira ntchito angakhalire ovuta, lingalirani za mowa monga chitsanzo:
- Mnyamata wina wazaka za ku Italy wa 45 ali ndi chizolowezi chomwa magalasi a 2 a vinyo usiku uliwonse ndi chakudya chamadzulo. Chakudya chake chiri ndi achibale ake ndipo amatenga maola a 3 kukwaniritsa (zambiri zamking). Kotero amamwa maola 3 usiku, ola la 21 pa sabata.
- Wogwira ntchito ku fakitale wazaka 25 amangomwa kumapeto kwa sabata, koma amamwa mowa kwambiri Lachisanu ndi Loweruka usiku mpaka kumwalira kapena kudwala. Amanong'oneza bondo chifukwa cha zomwe adachita ndipo akufuna kusiya, koma sangathe, kuyendetsa galimoto ataledzera, kumenya nkhondo, kuchita zachiwerewere, ndi zina zambiri. Kenako amakhala Lamlungu lonse akuchira, ndipo akumva ngati wopanda pake mpaka Lachitatu. Komabe, amangokhala maola 8 okha pasabata akumwa.
Ndi womwa mowa uti amene ali ndi vuto? Ichi ndichifukwa chake "maola omwe tikugwiritsa ntchito" pakadali pano sangatidziwitse za omwe ali osokoneza bongo komanso omwe sali.
Pomaliza, tiyenera kufunsa chifukwa chake Grubbs et al. adasankha kupanga CPU pamene zina, zowonongeka zowonongeka zinalipo mosavuta.
Mfundo yofunika: Zomwe kafukufukuyu akunena zimadalira kuti "maola ogwiritsira ntchito panopa" ndi muyezo wovomerezeka wa chizolowezi chenicheni. Sizili choncho. Komanso, mukangodutsa chidule, kafukufuku wathunthu akuwonetsa kuti "maola ogwiritsira ntchito panopa" kwenikweni akugwirizana ndi kuvutika maganizo komanso kuchuluka kwa CPUI!
"Maola Omwe Akugwiritsa Ntchito Masiku Ano" Amapereka Zosiyanasiyana Zambiri
Vuto lachiwiri la njira ndilakuti Grubbs et al. anafufuza zolaula pogwiritsa ntchito mafunso okhudza "maola omwe akugwiritsa ntchito zolaula" Funso limeneli ndi losamveka bwino. Pa nthawi iti? Phunziro limodzi lingakhale likuganiza kuti "Ndagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zingati dzulo?" china "sabata yatha?" kapena "pa avareji kuyambira pomwe ndidaganiza zosiya kuwonera chifukwa cha zosafunika?" Zotsatira zake ndizosafanana ndi zomwe sizingafanane ndi cholinga chofuna kupeza mayankho odalirika.
Chofunika kwambiri, funso loti "kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula", lomwe pamapeto pake phunziroli limalephera, limalephera kufunsa zazosintha zakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula: kugwiritsa ntchito zaka, zaka zoyambira, kaya wogwiritsa ntchitoyo adayamba bwanji zolaula kapena adapanga zolaula zosayembekezereka , chiŵerengero cha kuthamangitsidwa ndi zolaula mpaka kukodza popanda izo, kuchuluka kwa kugonana ndi wokondedwa weniweni, ndi zina zotero. Mafunso amenewa angatithandizenso kudziwa kuti ndani amene ali ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuposa "kugwiritsa ntchito masiku ano."
Zitsamba Zoyamba Zilikusiyanitsa Maiko Akufufuza Panopo
Mu gawo loyamba ndi kukambirana, Grubbs ndi anzake asiya zaka makumi ambiri za kafukufuku wa zamaganizo ndi zizolowezi zina (ndi zida zowunikira zokhudzana nazo) kuti ayesere kutsimikizira owerenga kuti mabuku asayansi akuwonetsa kuti chizolowezi cha zolaula pa intaneti sichilipo (ndipo chifukwa chake umboni wonse wa chizolowezi cha zolaula uyenera "kuwonedwa," osati weniweni). Ndemanga yatsopano ikuwonetsa momwe mkanganowu ulili wovuta. Onani Neuroscience of Internet Pornography Addiction: A Review and Update , yomwe imagwirizanitsa kafukufuku wa zaka makumi ambiri wa chizolowezi cha neuroscience ndi maphunziro aposachedwa a neuroscience ndi neuropsych pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula okha. Ikumaliza (mwanzeru komanso mwasayansi) kuti chizolowezi cha zolaula pa intaneti ndi chenicheni, ndipo kwenikweni ndi gawo la chizolowezi cha intaneti (kutengera maphunziro opitilira 100 aubongo, komanso maphunziro ena ambiri ofunikira).
M'ndime zawo zoyambirira, Grubbs ndi ena akuwonetsa tsankho lawo lalikulu potengera zomwe akunena za kusakhalapo kwa chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti pamapepala a anthu awiri omwe amadzitcha okha "otsutsa chizolowezi chogonana pa intaneti": David Ley, wolemba buku lakuti The Myth of Sex Addiction, ndi wofufuza wakale wa UCLA Nicole Prause, yemwe ntchito yake yatsutsidwa mwalamulo m'mabuku azachipatala chifukwa cha njira zofooka komanso mfundo zosachirikizidwa.
Mwachitsanzo, Grubbs ndi anzake amadalira pepala lokhala ndi mbali imodzi lolembedwa ndi Ley, Prause ndi mnzake Peter Finn, lomwe linati ndi ndemanga (ndiko kuti, kusanthula kopanda tsankho kwa mabuku omwe alipo). Komabe, linasiya kapena linanena molakwika pafupifupi kafukufuku aliyense amene anapeza zotsatira zoyipa za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti, komanso kunyalanyaza maphunziro ambiri aposachedwa a intaneti omwe akuwonetsa kusintha kwa ubongo wokhudzana ndi chizolowezi mu ubongo wa anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi pa intaneti. ( Kuwunika kwa mzere ndi mzere kungapezeke apa .)
Chofanana ndi kulephera kwa Grubbs ndi anzake pa kafukufuku aliyense wa ubongo ndi wamaganizo omwe adapeza umboni wochirikiza chitsanzo cha chizolowezi cha zolaula (zoposa khumi ndi ziwiri zasonkhanitsidwa pano ). M'malo mwa sayansi yolimba kuchokera ku maphunziro ambiri omwe sanasiyidwe, owerenga amapatsidwa mfundo yochulukirapo:
Mwachidule, pali umboni wochuluka wosonyeza kuti anthu ambiri amamva zolaula pa intaneti, ngakhale kuti palibe chithandizo chodziwikiratu chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchipatala kuti chikhale ndi vutoli.
Pomaliza, kafukufuku wokhawo wa mitsempha womwe Grubbs adatchula kuti akutsutsa chizolowezi chogonana ( Steele et al .) umachirikizadi chitsanzo cha chizolowezi chogonana. Steele et al. adanenanso kuti ma EEG readings apamwamba (P300) adawerengedwa pamene anthu adawonetsedwa zithunzi zolaula. Kafukufuku nthawi zonse amasonyeza kuti P300 yokwera imachitika pamene anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amawonetsedwa zizindikiro (monga zithunzi) zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chawo. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufukuyu adanenanso kuti kuyankha kwambiri zolaula kumagwirizana ndi chilakolako chochepa chogonana ndi okwatirana. Popeza palibe zotsatira zomwe zidagwirizana ndi mitu yankhani, Grubbs adapitilizabe malingaliro olakwika a olemba oyamba ("otsutsa chizolowezi chogonana").
Kutsiliza
Chifukwa cha malingaliro ake osagwirizana ndi malingaliro ake okhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa zolaula, zikuwoneka kuti Grubbs et al. adapanga kafukufukuyu kuti akwaniritse cholinga chake - kutchulanso zolaula monga "chizolowezi chodziwika bwino" ndikukopa owerenga kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kulibe vuto lililonse ndipo amangofunika kuda nkhawa kuti kukhulupirira kuti kungavulaze. Ntchito ya Agnotology yakwaniritsidwa!
Mawu awa akubwera m'maganizo mwanga: Zimene chidule chimapereka, kafukufuku wathunthu amachotsa . Mitu yankhani ndi zonena zomwe Grubbs et al. adayambitsa sizikugwirizana ndi kafukufuku wapansi. Kuti mudziwe zambiri onani: Kodi Joshua Grubbs akudziphimba maso ndi kafukufuku wake wa "kuonera zolaula"? (2016)