Kusanthula kwa kafukufuku wa Joshua Grubbs: “ Kudzizindikiritsa ngati munthu wokonda zolaula: kuwunika ntchito za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, chipembedzo, komanso kusalingana kwa makhalidwe abwino (Grubbs et al., 2019)
Mosiyana ndi kupota, uku ndi koyamba kwa Joshua Grubbs kuti aphatikize kusintha kulikonse ndi "kudzikhulupirira kukhala chizolowezi cholaula"
M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, Dr. Joshua Grubbs walemba kafukufuku wochuluka wokhudzana ndi chipembedzo cha ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, maola ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso kusavomereza makhalidwe abwino ndi zigoli zonse pafunso lake la zinthu 9 lotchedwa "The Cyber Pornography Use Inventory" (CPUI-9). Mu chisankho chanzeru chomwe chabweretsa chisokonezo chachikulu komanso kusinthasintha kwa zolinga , Grubbs amatchula zigoli zonse za CPUI-9 za munthuyo ngati "chizolowezi choonera zolaula." Kuyika "chizolowezi choonera zolaula" chosayenera m'malo mwa "chigoli chonse cha CPUI-9" kumapereka lingaliro labodza lakuti CPUI-9 imayesa modabwitsa momwe munthuyo "amangokhulupirira" kuti ndi woledzera (m'malo moyesa zizindikiro ndi chizindikiro cha chizolowezi chenicheni ). Palibe mafunso omwe angachite zimenezo, ndipo ndithudi osati CPUI-9. Izi zatayika mu kumasulira mu maphunziro a Grubbs ndi ma tweets chifukwa cha kubwerezabwereza kwa mawu osokeretsa akuti "chizolowezi choonera zolaula" m'malo mwa chizindikiro cholondola, chopanda spin: "chigoli chonse cha CPUI-9."
CPUI-9 ili pansipa. (Funso lililonse limapatsidwa ma point pogwiritsa ntchito sikelo ya Likert ya 1 mpaka 7, pomwe 1 ndi “ osati konse ,” ndipo 7 ndi “ kwambiri .”) Pali mafungulo awiri omvetsetsa masewera omwe akuseweredwa:
(1) Funso #1 lokhalo ndilo limadziwunika kuti ndi munthu wokonda zolaula, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti CPUI-9 siiwunika kuti munthuyo amaonera zolaula molakwika.
(2) Mafunso a 3 a Mavuto Amtima (kuwunika kuti ndi olakwa & manyazi) amachititsa zotsatira zake kuti ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula azipambana kwambiri. Mafunso olakwa komanso manyazi amtunduwu sapezeka mumtundu wina uliwonse wowunika zosokoneza bongo.
Gawo Loyamba Kukakamizidwa
- Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndimakonda kwambiri zolaula pa Intaneti.
- Ndikumva kuti sindingalepheretse kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa Intaneti.
- Ngakhale pamene sindikufuna kuona zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti, ndimamva kuti ndikuyandikira
Gawo la Mayesero Opeza
- Nthaŵi zina, ndimayesetsa kukonza ndondomeko yanga kuti ndikhale ndekha kuti ndione zolaula.
- Ndakana kukakhala ndi anzanga kapena kupita kuntchito zina kuti ndipeze zolaula.
- Ndaika zofunikira kwambiri kuti ndiziona zolaula.
Kusokonezeka Maganizo Section
- I manyazi mutayang'ana zolaula pa intaneti.
- I mumva chisoni mutayang'ana zolaula pa intaneti.
- I akudwala mutayang'ana zolaula pa intaneti.
Monga mukuwonera, CPUI-9 siyingathe kusiyanitsa pakati pa zolaula zenizeni ndi "kukhulupirira" zolaula. Anthu sanadzitchulepo kuti "ali osokoneza bongo" mu kafukufuku aliyense wa Grubbs. Iwo amangoyankha mafunso a 9 pamwambapa, ndipo adapeza chiphaso chonse, chomwe Grubbs amalemba molondola kuti "adazindikira zolaula".
Ndi atolankhani aulesi komanso anthu osadziwa akukhulupirira kuti maphunziro a Grubbs adayesa 'kukhulupirira zolaula ", tebulo lidakhazikitsidwa kuti lipange zotsatira zosokonekera
Dr. Grubbs adayesetsa kutsimikizira kuti chipembedzo chinali chizindikiro chachikulu cha "kukhulupirira kuti ndinu wokonda zolaula." Iye ndi gulu lake la ofufuza adafufuza zitsanzo zitatu zazikulu, zosiyanasiyana (mwamuna, mkazi, ndi zina zotero). Komabe, nthawi ino, sanadalire CPUI-9 yake, yomwe ili ndi mafunso atatu a "kudzimva wolakwa ndi manyazi/kuvutika maganizo" omwe sapezeka kawirikawiri mu zida zoledzera - ndipo amasokoneza zotsatira zake, zomwe zimapangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zachipembedzo kupeza ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri komanso osapembedza kuti apeze zigoli zochepa kuposa zomwe anthu amachita pa zida zoyezera chizolowezi choledzera. M'malo mwake, gulu la Grubbs linafunsa mafunso awiri olunjika a inde/ayi kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (" Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndimakonda zolaula za pa intaneti ." " Ndingadzitche kuti ndine wokonda zolaula pa intaneti ."), ndipo anayerekeza zotsatira ndi zigoli pafunso la "kukana makhalidwe abwino".
Pambuyo pa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi ndi maphunziro angapo ochokera ku CPUI-9, Grubbs potsiriza adagwirizanitsa "kukhulupirira kuti munthu ali ndi chizolowezi choonera zolaula" ndi zinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito: "maola ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula", "chipembedzo", ndi "kusavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula". Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa Grubbs adapeza kuti "kudzizindikiritsa ngati munthu wokonda zolaula" kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi maola ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, makamaka kusavomereza makhalidwe abwino, komanso osati ndi chipembedzo.
Mavuto a 3 akumva mafunso osokoneza zotsatira za maphunziro onse a CPUI-9
Nazi zochepa za mutuzi zomwe zimachokera ku phunzirolo:
- Kuonera Zolaula N'koyenera. Kukhulupirira Mu Kulimbitsa Thupi Siko
- Kuledzera Kwadzidzidzi Kwa Porn N'kovulaza Kwambiri Kuposa Porn Gwiritsani Ntchito
- Kukhulupirira Kuti Muli ndi Matenda Okhudzana ndi Kugonana Ndizo Chifukwa Chavuto Lanu la Zolaula, Kufufuza Kumaphunzira
Mu maphunziro a CPUI-9, "chipembedzo" chikugwirizana ndi ziwerengero zonse za CPUI-9.
Ndemanga ya CPUI-9
Oipitsitsa,
Kodi kafukufuku wa Grubbs adanenapo za ubale wotani? Chiwerengero chonse cha CPUI-9 chinali chogwirizana ndi chipembedzo (onani gawo lotsatira la chifukwa chake zili choncho), komanso chogwirizana ndi "maola owonera zolaula pa sabata." Mu maphunziro ena a Grubbs, ubale wolimba pang'ono unachitika ndi chipembedzo, ndipo ena, ubale wolimba unachitika ndi maola ogwiritsira ntchito zolaula.
Atolankhani adazindikira mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa chipembedzo ndi zigoli zonse za CPUI-9 (zomwe tsopano zimatchedwa "chizolowezi chodziwika"), ndipo potero atolankhani adasintha zomwe adapezazo kukhala "anthu achipembedzo amangokhulupirira kuti ali ndi chizolowezi cha zolaula." Atolankhani adanyalanyaza mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa zigoli za CPUI-9 ndi maola ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula, ndipo adatulutsa nkhani zambiri zosalondola …….
Mwachidule - zoledzeretsa zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi maganizo a maganizo (monga maola owonetsera zolaula). Ichi chinali kuphunzira kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo adapeza kuti kusonkhana pakati pa zolaula ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mosasinthasintha kwa chaka.
Ziribe kanthu momwe zasocheretsera, "kuona kuti zolaula zolaula" zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kufalikira pazofalitsa. Aliyense yemwe amaganiza kuti Grubbs anali atapeza njira yosiyanitsira "kuledzera" ndi "kukhulupirira kuledzera." Koma iye analibe. Iye anali atangotchula dzina losocheretsa pa zojambula zake zojambula zithunzi, CPUI-9. Komabe, nkhani zochokera pa maphunziro osiyanasiyana a CPUI-9 zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi monga:
- Kukhulupirira zolaula ndizo zimayambitsa mavuto anu, osati zolaula.
- Owerenga zolaula sagwiritsa ntchito zolaula (ngakhale atapanga ma Grubbs CPUI-9) - amakhala ndi manyazi basi.
Ngakhale akatswiri odziwa za kugonana anasocheretsedwa mosavuta, chifukwa makasitomala ena amakhulupirira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo zolaula n'kowononga kwambiri komanso koopsa kuposa momwe akatswiri awo amaganizira. Akatswiri odziwa za kugonanawa ankaganiza kuti mayeso a Grubbs mwanjira ina anawapeza makasitomala olakwikawa pomwe sanatero.
Monga mwambi umati, “Mankhwala okhawo a sayansi yoipa ndi sayansi yambiri.” Atayang'anizana ndi kukayikira kwakukulu za malingaliro ake, komanso kukayikira zonena zopanda maziko kuti chida chake cha CPUI-9 chingathe kusiyanitsa “chizolowezi choonera zolaula” ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula molakwika, Dr. Grubbs adachita bwino monga wasayansi. Analembetsa pasadakhale kafukufuku kuti ayesere malingaliro ake mwachindunji. Kulembetsa pasadakhale ndi njira yabwino yasayansi yomwe imaletsa ofufuza kusintha malingaliro atasonkhanitsa deta.
Zotsatirazo zinali zotsutsana ndi ziganizo zake zakale ndi meme ("chiwerewere ndizochititsa manyazi") zomwe makina osindikizira adathandizira kufalitsa.
Dr. Grubbs adayesetsa kutsimikizira kuti chipembedzo chinali chizindikiro chachikulu cha "kukhulupirira kuti ndinu wokonda zolaula." Iye ndi gulu lake la ofufuza adafufuza zitsanzo zitatu zazikulu komanso zosiyanasiyana (mwamuna, mkazi, ndi zina zotero): Kodi Ndani Ali ndi Chizolowezi cha Zolaula? Kufufuza Udindo wa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula, Chipembedzo, ndi Kusalingana kwa Makhalidwe Abwino . (Analemba zotsatira zake pa intaneti, ngakhale kuti pepala la gulu lake silinasindikizidwe mwalamulo).
Komabe, nthawi ino, sanadalire chida chake cha CPUI-9 . CPUI-9 ili ndi mafunso atatu akuti “kudzimva kukhala ndi mlandu ndi manyazi/kuvutika maganizo” omwe sapezeka kawirikawiri m'zida zoledzera - ndipo amasokoneza zotsatira zake, zomwe zimapangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zachipembedzo kupeza mavoti ambiri komanso osapembedza kuti apeze mavoti otsika kuposa omwe amaphunzira pazida zoyezera chizolowezi cha chizolowezi. M'malo mwake, gulu la Grubbs linafunsa mafunso awiri olunjika a inde/ayi kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (" Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndimakonda kwambiri zolaula za pa intaneti ." " Ndingadzitche kuti ndine wokonda zolaula pa intaneti ."), ndipo anayerekeza zotsatira ndi mavoti pafunso la "kukana makhalidwe abwino".
Potsutsana mwachindunji ndi zomwe adanena kale, Dr. Grubbs ndi gulu lake lofufuza adapeza kuti kukhulupirira kuti uli ndi chizolowezi choonera zolaula kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi maola olaula a tsiku ndi tsiku , osati ndi chipembedzo . Monga taonera pamwambapa, maphunziro ena a Grubbs adapezanso kuti maola olaula anali chizindikiro champhamvu cha "chizolowezi chodziwika" kuposa chipembedzo. Kuchokera mu chidule cha kafukufuku watsopano:
Mosiyana ndi mabuku omwe asanakhalepo akusonyeza kuti khalidwe lachikhalidwe ndi chipembedzo ndizozidziwika bwino kwambiri zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa (kugwiritsa ntchito CPUI-9], zotsatira za zitsanzo zonse zitatu zikuwonetsa kuti amuna ndi abambo omwe amatsatira zolaula ndizofunika kwambiri zolaula.
Kukhala mwamuna kumaneneratunso mwamphamvu kudzitcha "woledzera." Chiwerengero cha amuna ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe anayankha "inde" ku funso limodzi la "woledzera" chinali kuyambira 8-20% m'zitsanzo za kafukufuku watsopano. Chiwerengerochi chikugwirizana ndi kafukufuku wina wa 2017 (19% ya amuna aku koleji omwe ali ndi chizolowezi). Mwachidule, kafukufukuyu pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za amuna adanenanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunali ndi vuto la 27.6%, ndipo kafukufukuyu adati 28% ya amuna ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe adawunikidwa adakwaniritsa malire ogwiritsira ntchito zovuta.
Mwachidule, pali mavuto ambiri pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula masiku ano. Kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kukusonyeza kuti bungwe la World Health Organization lomwe likufuna kupeza matenda a “Compulsive sexual behavior disorder” ( mu ICD-11 beta draft ) n’kofunika kwambiri.
Malinga ndi zotsatira zawo, Dr. Grubbs ndi olemba anzake akulangiza kuti, "akatswiri a zaumoyo ndi a kugonana ayenera kutenga nkhawa za makasitomala akudziwika kuti zolaula zimanyalanyaza kwambiri."