Na Joshua Grubbs o hula moriri ka mahlo a rona ka lipatlisiso tsa hae tse "tsebang hore o lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa"?

SEHLOOHO SE BOPHELO: Thuto e ncha (Fernandez le al., 2017) e ile ea lekoa le ho hlahlojoa CPUI-9, e leng lipotso tsa "ho lemoha ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" tse hlahisitsoeng ke Joshua Grubbs, mme ea fumana hore e ke ke ea lekola ka nepo "lithethefatsi tsa 'nete tsa bootsoa" or “Lemalla ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate” (Etsa Li-Pornography Tse Sebelisang Li-Inventory-9 Lipontšo Tse Bontšang ho Iketsetsa Maikutlo ka Sebele Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Tse Inthaneteng li Sebelisa? Ho Hlahloba Karolo ea Boithaopo). E boetse e fumane hore 1/3 ea lipotso tsa CPUI-9 e lokela ho tlohelloa ho khutlisa litholoana tse nepahetseng tse amanang le "boitšoaro bo sa amoheleheng", "tumelo" le "lihora tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa." Liphuputso li hlahisa lipelaelo tse kholo mabapi le liqeto tse fumanoeng thutong efe kapa efe e sebelisitseng CPUI-9 kapa e itšetlehileng ka lithuto tse e sebelisitseng. Bongata ba lithahasello le nyatso ea thuto e ncha li tšoantšetsa tse boletsoeng tlhahlobisong e latelang.

SEHLOOHO SE BOPHELO: Sekhechana sa phatlalatso se ikhakantseng joalo ka seo ho thoeng ke tlhahlobo ea Grubbs, Samuel Perry, Rory Reid le Joshua Wilt - Patlisiso e Tsitsisa Grubbs, Perry, Wilt, Reid Review is Disingenuous ("Mathata a Litšoantšo tsa Bootsoa ka lebaka la Boitšoaro bo Fosahetseng: Mohlala o Akaretsang oa Tlhahlobo le Tlhahlobo ea Meta") 2018.

TLHOKOMELA PUSELETSO: Ka hare 2019Bangoli Samuel Perry le Joshua Grubbs ba tiisitse leeme la bona ha bobeli ba bona ba le leeme ka semmuso o kopane le lilekane Nicole Prause 'me David Ley ka ho leka ho khutsisa YourBrainOnPorn.com. Perry, Grubbs le "litsebi" tse ling tsa pro-porn ho www.realyourbrainonporn.com lia kenella tlhekefetso ea lets'oao e seng molaong le squat. Mmadi o lokela ho tseba seo RealYBOP twitter (ka tumello e hlakileng ea litsebi tsa eona) le eona e etsa tšilafalo le tlhekefetso ea Gary Wilson, Alexander Rhodes, Gabe Deem le NCOSE, Laila Mickelwait, Gail Dines, 'me mang kapa mang ea buang ka likotsi tsa porno. Ntle le moo, David Ley le litsebi tse ling tse peli tsa "RealYBOP" joale ho buselitsoe ke indasteri ea porno xxamster ho khothaletsa liwebosaete tsa eona (ie StripChat) le ho kholisa basebelisi hore bokhoba ba bootsoa le bokhoba ba thobalano ke litšōmo! Prause (eo e tsamaisa RealYBOP twitter) ho bonahala e le e ntle haholo le indasteri ea bootsoa, mme e sebelisa twitter ea RealYBOP ho ntšetsa pele indasteri ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, sireletsa PornHub (e neng e tšoaretse livideo tsa bosholu ba bana tsa thobalano le tsa thobalano), le hlasela ba ntseng ba phahamisa kopo ho tšoara PornHub. Re lumela hore "litsebi" tsa RealYBOP li lokela ho koptjoa ho ngola lenane la bona la "RealYBOP" e le "khohlano ea phaello" ho lingoliloeng tsa bona tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka.

SEHLOOHO SE BOPHELO: Kamora nako, Grubbs ha a ka a hlola a its'epa ka eena Sesebelisoa sa CPUI-9. CPUI-9 e kenyelletsa lipotso tsa 3 "maikutlo a molato le a hlajoang ke lihlong" eo hangata e fumanoang liletsa tsa ho lemalla - le e tsebang sephetho sa eona, e etsa hore basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba bolumeli ba fumane lintlha tse phahameng ho feta tsa bao e seng balumeli ho fumana lintlha tse tlase ho feta tseo lithuto li li etsang ka lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa tlhatlhobo ea lithethefatsi. Sebakeng seo, Boithuto bo bocha ba Grubbs bo botsitse lipotso tse 2 tse tobileng / che kapa che tsa basebelisi ba porno ("Ke lumela hore ke lemaletse litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro. ""Ke ne ke tla ipitsa hore ke lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. ”). Ka ho toba a hanana le seo a se boletseng pele, Dr. Grubbs le sehlopha sa hae sa lipatlisiso ba fumane hore ho lumela hore o lemaletse litlatsetso tsa bootsoa haholo ka lihora tse ngata tsa ts'ebeliso ea porno, eseng ka tumelo.

SEHLOOHO SE BOPHELO: Mofuputsi ea sa hlokeng botsitso Mateuz Gola o kopane le Grubbs. Sebakeng sa ho sebelisa CPUI-9 ea Grubbs e skehileng hampe, thuto e sebelisitse potso e le 'ngoe: "Ke lumela hore ke lemaletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete“. Sena se ile sa fella ka hore ho be le kamano e nyane kapa e seng pakeng tsa bolumeli le seo motho a lumelang hore o lemaletse porno. Bona: Ho Lekola Mathata a Litšoantšo tsa Bootsoa ka Lebitso la Moral Incongruence Model (2019)

SELELEKELA

Khopolo e ncha haufinyane e hlahile ka ho phatloha ha lipampiri le lingoloa: "ho lemohuoa hore ke lemallo la bootsoa." E hlahisitsoe ke Joshua Grubbs mme ea hlahlojoa ka botlalo tlhahlobisong ea YBOP: Polelo ea "Ho lemalla ho lemalla litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa inthanete le khatello ea kelello: ho lekola likamano ka nako e le ngoe le ka nako " (2015). Tse ling tsa lihlooho tsena li tsoa ho thuto eo:

• Ho sheba Porn ho lokile. Ho Lumela Ho Lemalla Lit soant so Tsa Bootsoa ha ho joalo
• Ho lemalla ho Lemalla Ho Porn ho Ntle ho Hlakile ho feta Porn Sebelisa
• Ho Lumela Hore U na le Bothata ba ho Kopanela Liphate Bongoli ke Lebaka la Bothata ba Hao ea Bobebe, Thuto e Fumana

Mona re etela hape mosebetsi oa Joshua Grubbs ha a ntse a tsoela pele ho phatlalatsa lipampiri tsa "ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa". Ho sena Phatlalatso ea 2015 Grubbs e fana ka maikutlo a hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ha li bake mathata.

"Ha ho bonahale e le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ka botsona tse bakelang batho mathata, ke tsela eo ba ikutloang ka eona,"

“Bokhoba boo u bo nahanang bo akarelletsa ho itlhalosa hampe ka boitšoaro ba hao, u inahane ka uena, u re, 'Ha ke na matla holim'a sena' kapa 'Ke lemaletse,' me ha ke khone ho bo laola. '

Grubbs o akaretsa maikutlo a hae ho sena 2016 e sa tloaelehang Psychology kajeno Sehlooho se, ho bolela hore ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa hase feela ho hlajoa ke lihlong tsa bolumeli.

Ho bitsoa "lekhoba la thobalano" ke molekane, kapa le uena, ha se letho le amanang le palo ea litšoantšo tse litšila tseo motho a li bonangs, o re Joshua Grubbs, motlatsi oa moprofesa oa thuto ea kelello ea Bowling Green University. Ho e- ho na le lintho tsohle tseo u ka li etsang bolumeli 'me boitšoaro bo botle maikutlo ka thobalano. Ka bokhutšoanyane, o re, "Ke tšusumetso e hlabisang lihlong."…

… .Grubbs e e bitsa "ho lemalla ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa." "E sebetsa ka tsela e fapaneng ka ho fapaneng le lithethefatsi tse ling. "

Haeba Josuha Grubbs a ne a qotsitsoe ka nepo, moeli o boletsoeng ka holimo o phatlalatsa mashano, joalokaha re tla bontša hore:

1. Lenane la lipotso la Grubbs lea hlahloba feela ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa eseng "ho lemalla ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa" Bokhoba boo ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha bo "sebetse ka tsela e fapaneng le lithethefatsi tse ling," le hore Grubbs ha e so bonts'a hore e joalo. Ebile, Grubbs o thehile lipotso tsa hae ho (lipotso tse tloaelehileng) tsa lipotso tsa lithethefatsi.
2. Ho fapana le polelo ea hae e ka holimo, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro li sebelisoa ke ka matla e amanang le lintlha tse mabapi le lipotso tsa Grubbs tsa lithethefatsi tse lemalloang ke thobalano (CPUI). Ebile, lithuto tsa Grubbs li senola hore bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (likarolo tsa CPUI 2 & 3) li hole Hape e amanang le palo ea bootsoa e talingoang ho feta ho ba le bolumeli.
3. Ho feta moo, "lihora tsa ts'ebeliso" ha se mokhoa o ka tšeptjoang oa (proxy for) bokhoba. Liphuputso tse fetileng li netefalitse hore "lihora tse ngata tsa bootsoa tse shebiloeng" ha li tsamaisane hantle le likhahla tsa matšoao a bootsoa. Mefuta e meng e mengata ea tšebeliso e boetse e tlatsetsa ho nts'etsopele ea lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa.

Ntle le mathata ana a hlakileng ho Grubbs's “Ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa ke lihlong feela ka lebaka la bolumeli”Tleleime, mohlala oa hae oa putlama ha re nahana hore:

1. Ho hlajoa ke lihlong bolumeling ha ho bake liphetoho tsa boko tse tšoanang le ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi. Empa ho na le tse 39 ngoe lithuto tsa kelello ho tlaleha ho fetoha ha boko bo amanang le lithethefatsi ho batho ba hlokang boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate / ba lemaletseng thobalano
2. Ho senyeha ha lipatlisiso ho tlaleha litekanyetso tse tlaase tsa boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa batho ba bolumeli (ho ithuta 1, ho ithuta 2, ho ithuta 3, ho ithuta 4, ho ithuta 5, ho ithuta 6, ho ithuta 7, ho ithuta 8, ho ithuta 9, ho ithuta 10, ho ithuta 11, ho ithuta 12, ho ithuta 13, ho ithuta 14, ho ithuta 15, ho ithuta 16, ho ithuta 17, ho ithuta 18, ho ithuta 19, ho ithuta 20, ho ithuta 21, ho ithuta 22, ho ithuta 23, ho ithuta 24, ho ithuta 25).
3. Sena se bolela hore sampole ea Grubbs ea basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ke ke ea qojoa (bona ka tlase). E boetse e bolela hore "tumelo" e etsa joalo eseng bolela esale pele ho lemalla lithethefatsi.
4. Ba bangata ba batho ba sa lumeleng hore Molimo o teng ebile ba na le bothata bo bongata hlaolela lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa. Lithuto tse peli tsa 2016 ho banna ba neng ba sebelisitse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa qetellong likhoeli tsa ho qetela tsa 6, kapa ho likhoeli tsa ho qetela tsa 3, li tlalehile ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang oa maemo a phahameng a ho sebelisa lipapali tsa bootsoa (28% bakeng sa lithuto tse peli).
5. "Ho lemalla ho lemalla" ho hlakile hore e ke ke ea baka ho se sebetse ho sa feleng ha erectile, libido e tlase le anorgasmia ho bahlankana ba phetseng hantle. Leha ho le joalo lithuto tse ngata ho kopanela liphate ho kopanela liphate le ho fokotsa khotsofalo ea thobalano, le Litefiso tsa ED li na le likhahla tse ngata tse hlahisitsoeng ke 1000% ho banna ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 40 ho tloha ha "tube" ea "tube" e fihlile bophelong ba basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.
6. sena se Phuputso ea 2016 mabapi le batho ba batlang ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa a fumane hore bolumeli bo joalo ha ea ka ea kopana ka matšoao a fosahetseng kapa lintlha tse ngata mabapi le lipotso tsa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate.
7. sena se Thuto ea 2016 mabapi le ho batla ho kopanela liphate ka bongaka fumanoa na le kamano e ntle pakeng tsa boikitlaetso ba bolumeli le mekhoa ea boipheliso ea boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate le liphello tse amanang le tsona.

Likarolong tse latelang re tla sebetsana le lipolelo tse kholo tsa Grubbs, re shebe ka ho teba tlhaiso-leseling ea hae le mokhoa oa hae, mme re fane ka litlhaloso tse ling bakeng sa polelo ea hae ea hore tumelo e amana le bokhoba ba thobalano. Empa pele a re qaleng ka litšiea tse 3 tseo Grubbs a hahang lipampiri tsa hae tse fapaneng ho tsona.

Bakeng sa liqoso tsa Grubbs hore li nepahetse TSOHLE tsa tsena tse 3 e tlameha ho ba 'nete le ho tšehetsoa ke lipatlisiso tsa' nete:

1) The Grubbs Bootsoa ba Cyber ​​Sebelisa Inventory (CPUI) e tlameha ho lekola "ho lemalla ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa" ho fapana le sebele ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate

• Ha e joalo. CPUI e lekanya sebele ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate, kaha Grubbs ka boeena o ile a ngola pampiri ea hae ea pele ea 2010 e tiisang CPUI (ka tlase mona). Ha e le hantle, CPUI e ne e le feela e tiisitsoe hoo e leng sebele teko ea lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa, ​​'me le ka mohla e se ke ea "teko e bonoang ea bokhoba". Kaha ha a na mabaka a tšehetsang a saense, ho 2013, Grubbs o ile a ngola lebitso la hae la bokhoba ba ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa ntle le lebaka.
• Tlhokomeliso: Lithutong tsa Grubbs o sebelisa poleloana e reng "lemalla ho lemalla ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa" ho supa lintlha tse felletseng tekong ea hae ea CPUI (teko ea 'nete ea bootsoa). Sena se lahlehile phetolelong ka lebaka la ho phetoa khafetsa ha "ho lemalla ho lemalla," ho fapana le lebitso le nepahetseng le sa sebetseng: "Cyber ​​Pornography Use Inventory score."

2) Li-grubbs li tlameha ebe li fumane ho se lumellane ho hang pakeng tsa lihora tsa tšebeliso le likarolo tsa CPUI (ho lemalla litlolo tsa bootsoa).

• Ha ho joalo hape. Ka mohlala, Grubbs et al. 2015 e senola phapang e matla pakeng tsa lihora tse ngata tsa tšebeliso le lipalo tsa CPUI. Ho tloha p. 6 ea thuto:

"Ho feta moo, karolelano litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa letsatsi le letsatsi li sebelisoa ka lihora tse ngata li ne li amahanngoa haholo le khatello ea maikutlo, ho tšoenyeha le khalefo, joalo ka ho lemoha ho lemalla [palo e feletseng ea CPUI]."

• Grubbs's tlhahlobo ea bobeli ea 2015 e tlalehile matla kamano pakeng tsa lintlha tsa CPUI le "lihora tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" ho feta kamoo e entseng lipakeng tsa lintlha tsa CPUI le tumelo.

Grubbs a ka ipelaetsa joang Psychology kajeno lemalla litsoantso tse litšila "ha ho letho le amanang le palo ea bootsoa eo motho ae bonang,"Ha lithuto tsa hae li senola hore ts'ebeliso e ngata" e ne e le ntle haholo ebile e le hantle "e ne e amana le lintlha tsa CPUI?

3) Liphuputso tse ling li tlameha ho tlalehoa hore palo ea bootsoa e sebelisitsoeng e tsamaisana hantle le matšoao a bootsoa lithethefatsi kapa litekanyetso tsa litlhahlobo tsa lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa.

• Ha baa ka ba etsa joalo. Lihlopha tse ling tsa lipatlisiso li fumane hore "lihora tsa ts'ebeliso" tse fapaneng ha li tsamaisane hantle le ho lemalla ho ts'oaroa ka marang-rang (kapa ho lemalla ho bapala lipapali tsa video). Ka mantsoe a mang, bokhoba ba tahi bo lebelletsoe ka ts'epahalo ke mefuta e meng ho fapana le "lihora tsa ts'ebeliso" leha ho le joalo, ka hona leruo la litletlebo tsa Grubbs le belaetsa leha mekhoa ea hae e ne e utloahala ebile lipolelo tsa hae li nepahetse. (Ha ho joalo.) "Lihora tsa ts'ebeliso" ha se moemeli ea tšepahalang oa "bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa," ka hona ha ho likamano le hona kapa ho hloka likamano le hona ho ka bang le bohlokoa bo boholo boo Grubbs a bo nahanang.

Boholo ba lihlooho le likopo tse hlahisitsoeng ke Grubbs li ipapisitse le lintlha tsohle tse 3 tse kaholimo e le 'nete. Ha li joalo. Hona joale re hlahloba litšiea tsena tse 3 le lintlha tse potolohileng lithuto le lipolelo tsa Grubbs.

KAROLO EA 1: Khopolo-taba ea ho lemalla ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate:

The Porn Pornography Sebelisa Inventory (CPUI): Ke teko ea 'nete ea ho lemalla lithethefatsi.

Bohlokoa ho hlokomela:

• Nako le nako ha Grubbs a sebelisa poleloana "ho lemalla ho lemalla" o hlile o bolela lintlha kaofela ho CPUI ea hae.
• CPUI e arotsoe ka likarolo tse 3, tse tlang ho ba bohlokoa haholo hamorao ha re ntse re hlahloba hore na lintlha tse karolong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe li tsamaellana joang le mefuta e meng e joalo ka "lihora tsa ts'ebeliso" le "tumelo."
• Potso ka 'ngoe e fumanoe ho sebelisoa sekala sa Likert sa 1 ho isa ho 7, ha 1 e le "ho hang, "Le 7 e le"haholo. "

TŠEBELISO:

1. Ke lumela hore ke lemaletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete.

2. Ke ikutloa ke sitoa ho emisa tšebeliso ea ka ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng.

3. Esita le ha ke sa batle ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng, ke ikutloa ke hoheloa ke eona

LITLHAHELO TSA HO FUMANA:

4. Ka linako tse ling, ke leka ho hlophisa kemiso ea ka e le hore nka khona ho ba mong e le hore ke shebe litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

5. Ke hanne ho tsamaea le metsoalle kapa ho ea likarolong tse ling tsa sechaba ho ba le monyetla oa ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

6. Ke tlohetse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa haholo.

TLHAHO TSA BOHLOKOA:

7. Ke hlajoa ke lihlong ka mor'a ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng.

8. Ke ikutloa ke tepeletse maikutlo ka mor'a ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng.

9. Ke ikutloa ke kula ka mor'a ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng.

Ebile, Grubbs's Cyber ​​Pornography Use Inventory (CPUI) questionnaire e ts'oana haholo le lipotso tse ling tse ngata tsa lipotso tsa lithethefatsi le boits'oaro. Joalo ka liteko tse ling tsa bokhoba, CPUI e lekola boits'oaro le matšoao a tloaelehileng litlamong tsohle, joalo ka: ho se khone ho laola ts'ebeliso; qobello ea ho sebelisa, litakatso tsa ho li sebelisa, litlamorao tse mpe tsa kelello, sechaba le maikutlo; le ho ameha haholo ka ho sebedisa. Ebile, ke potso e le 'ngoe feela ho tse 1 tsa CPUI tse kaholimo e supang le "ho lemalla".

Leha ho le joalo re bolelloa hore motho kakaretso Lintlha tsa lipotso tsohle tse 9 li tšoana le "ho lemalla ho lemalla" ho fapana le ho lemalla. E khelosa haholo, e bohlale haholo ebile ha e na motheo oa mahlale. Furu ea Agnotology, mang kapa mang? (Agnotology ke ho ithuta ka ho hloka tsebo ka mokhoa oa bochaba kapa ho belaella, haholo-holo khatiso ea boitsebiso bo sa nepahalang kapa bo senyang saense bo etselitsoeng ho ferekanya sechaba ka boemo ba lipatlisiso tšimong e itseng. Ho tsuba koae ho thoe ke ho qapa tšimo ea agnotology.)

Hlokomela hore liteko tse mashome a lilemo tse qalileng tsa tlhahlobo ea ho lemalla lithethefatsi bakeng sa lik'hemik'hale le boitšoaro bo hlephileng bo itšetlehile ka lipotso tse tšoanang le tsa CPUI. sebele, eseng feela e lemohiloe, ho lemala. Lipotso tsa CPUI 1-6 li hlahloba boits'oaro ba meriana ea mantlha joalokaha ho boletsoe ke 4 Cs, ha lipotso tsa 7-9 li lekola maemo a mabe a maikutlo kamora ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ha re bapiseng CPUI le sesebelisoa se sebelisoang haholo sa tlhahlobo ea bokhoba ba lithethefatsi.4 Cs.”Ho botsoa lipotso tsa CPUI tse tsamaellanang le li-C tse 'ne.

• Cho imeloa ho sebelisoa (2, 3)
• Ho se khone ho Ctšebeliso ea baoliere (2, 3, mohlomong 4-6)
• Clitloaelo tse lokelang ho sebelisoa (3 haholo-holo, empa 1-6 e ka hlalosoa e le litakatso)
• Cba ile ba sebelisa tšebeliso ho sa tsotellehe liphello tse mpe (4-6, mohlomong 7-9)

Lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi li itšetlehile ka lisebelisoa tsa ho hlahloba joaloka li-4C e le ho bontša ho lemalla hobane litsebi tsa methapo ea kutlo li amana le matšoao ao lipotso tse nang le bokooa bo amanang le lithethefatsi lilemong tse mashome tsa lipatlisiso tsa motheo. Sheba ea polelo ea puso ea sechaba ea American Society of Addiction Medicine. Ka bokhutšoanyane, CPUI ea Grubb ke teko ea 'nete ea ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa; ha ho mohla e kileng ea netefatsoa bakeng sa "ho lemalla ho lemalla".

Thuto ea pele ea 2010 Grubbs e boletse hore CPUI e lekanya sebele ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate

In Pampiri ea pele ea 2010 ea Grubbs o netefalitse Cyber-Pornography Sebelisa Inventory (CPUI) e le tlhahlobo ea lipotso sebele lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa. Mantsoe a reng "ho lemalla ho lemalla lithethefatsi" le "ho lemalla ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate" ha a hlahe pampiring ea hae ea 2010. Ho fapana le moo, Grubbs et al., 2010 e bolela ka ho hlaka libakeng tse 'maloa hore CPUI e lekola bokhoba ba' nete ba bootsoa:

Mefuta e hlalositsoeng pejana e hlahisitsoeng bakeng sa ho utloisisa litlolo tsa boitšoaro e ne e le likhopolo-taba tsa mantlha tse sebelisitsoeng ho fumana sesebelisoa sa thuto ena, Cyber-Pornography Use Inventory (CPUI), e etsisitsoeng kamora tlhahlobo ea Inthanete ea Teko ea Thobalano e ntlafalitsoeng ke Delmonico (Delmonico & Griffin, 2008) . Moqapi oa CPUI o ne o itšetlehile ka molao-motheo oa hore boitšoaro bo hlephileng bo khetholloa ke ho se khone ho emisa boitšoaro, liphello tse mpe tse mpe ka lebaka la boitšoaro, le ho hlohlelletsoa hohle ka boitšoaro (Delmonico & Miller, 2003).

Ka sebele CPUI e bontša tšepiso e le sesebelisoa sa ho shebella ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Inthaneteng. Le hoja lisebelisoa tsa nakong e fetileng, tse kang ISST, li ne li lekanyelitse ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka bongata, tekanyo ena e ile ea bontša tšepiso ea ho hlahloba ka ho khetheha ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Inthanete Ho feta moo, lintho tse ling tse hlalositsoeng tsa Addictive tse hlalositsoeng pejana li bonahala li fumana karolo e itseng ea ts'ehetso ea theknoloji le bokhoni ba ho haha ​​ha bo bapisoa ha ho bapisoa le mekhoa ea ho hlahlojoa bakeng sa tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le papali ea chelete, e leng ICD.

Qetellong, lintlha tse hlano tsa lits'oants'o tsa Addictive li fokolloa ka tekanyo ea qalong ea ho qobella ho qobella batho ho iketsa eka li tobetsa ka ho toba ka seo motho a se bonang kapa ba hlile ba sitoa ho emisa boitšoaro boo ba kopanelang ho bona. Ho se khone ho emisa boitšoaro bo bothata ho sa tsotellehe maemo leha e le afe hase mohloli oa bohlokoa oa ho hlahloba bakeng sa SD le PG, empa e ka boela ea nkoa e le e 'ngoe ea lintho tse ka sehloohong tsa lithethefatsi tse peli, tse bonahalang ka SD, le li-ICD (Dixon et al., 2007; Potenza, 2006). Ho bonahala eka ke ho hlōleha hona ho bakang lefu lena.

ka thuto 2013 Grubbs e fokotsa palo ea lipotso tsa CPUI ho tloha 32 (kapa 39 kapa 41) ho ea 9 ea hona joale, le e ngotsoe hape hae e le hantle, e tiisitsoe teko ea lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa e le teko ea "ho lemalla ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa" (mona ke Potso ea potso ea 41 ea CPUI). O ile a etsa joalo ntle le tlhaloso kapa toka mme a qala ho sebelisa poleloana "ho lemoha ho lemalla" makhetlo a 80 pampiring ea hae ea 2013. Seo se boletse, Grubbs o bontšitse mofuta oa 'nete oa CPUI-9 ntlheng ena e tsoang pampiring ea 2013:

"Qetellong, re fumane hore CPUI-9 e ne e amahanngoa hantle le litloaelo tse akaretsang tsa bosodoma, joalo ka ha e lekantsoe ke Kalichman Sculsivity Scale Scale. Sena se supa kamano e phahameng lipakeng tsa ts'ebeliso e tlamang ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le thobalano e amanang le thobalano ka kakaretso. ”

Ha re hlake hantle - CPUI ha e so ka e netefatsoa e le phapang ea liteko tsa tlhahlobo ho lemalla lithethefatsi ho tloha “a lemoha ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa"Sena se bolela hore sechaba se its'etleha feela ka lentsoe la Grubbs hore tlhahlobo ea hae e ntlafalitsoeng e ka khetholla pakeng tsa" ho lemalla ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa "le" ts'ebeliso ea 'nete ea bootsoa "eo CPUI e neng e netefalitsoe qalong ho e hlahloba. Ke mahlale a mahlale hakae ho ngola tlhahlobo e netefalitsoeng e le ntho e fapaneng ka ho felletseng ntle le ho netefatsa ts'ebeliso e fetotsoeng ea teko?

Hobaneng ha Joshua Grubbs a ile a re CPUI e le teko ea "ho lemohuoa" ea lithethefatsi?

Le ha Grubbs ka boeena a ne a sa re teko ea hae e ka hlophisoa ka tsela eo a lemalloang ka eona, ho hiroa ha hae ka lentsoe le khelosang ("ho lemalla ho lemalla") bakeng sa lintlha tse ngata ho sesebelisoa sa hae sa CPUI-9 ho entse hore ba bang ba nke sesebelisoa sa hae se na le thepa ea boloi ea ho khonahala ho kgetholla pakeng tsa “ho lemohuoa” le ho “lemalla”. Sena se sentse tšimo e kholo ts'ebetsong ea tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi hobane ba bang ba ts'epa lipampiri tsa hae e le bopaki ba ntho eo ba sa e faneng ka eona, ebile ba sa khone ho e fana ka eona. Ha ho na teko e teng e ka khethollang bokhoba ba "'nete" le "ho lemohuoa". Ho e bitsa joalo feela ho ke ke ha etsa joalo.

See se etsahetse joang? Hase ntho e sa tloaelehang hore bahlophisi le bahlahlobi ba likoranta ba hloke liphetoho tse ngata pele ba amohela pampiri ea phatlalatso. Joshua Grubbs o boletse ka lengolo tsoibila hore mohlahlobi oa thuto ea hae ea bobeli ea CPUI-9 o entse hore eena le bangoli-'moho le eena ba thuto ea 2013 ba fetole poleloana ea "lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa" ea CPUI-9 (hobane mohlahlobi o ile a soma ka "haha" ea lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa). Ke ka hona Grubbs a fetotseng tlhaloso ea hae ea teko hore e be "e lemohiloe ho lemalla litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ”lipotso. Ha e le hantle mohlahlobi / mohlophisi ea sa tsejoeng koranteng ena e le 'ngoe o qalile lebitso le sa tšehetsoeng, le khelosang la "e lemohiloe bokhoba ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro. ” CPUI ha e e-s'o tiisetsoe e le teko ea tlhahlobo e khethollang ho lemalla lithethefatsi ho tloha “a lemoha ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa”Mona ke Grubbs tweeting ka mokhoa ona, ho kenyelletsa maikutlo a mohlahlobi:

Josh Li-grubbs‏ @JoshuaGrubbsPhD

Leqepheng la ka la pele la ts'ebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa: "Ho aha [bokhoba ba litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso] ho bohlokoa ho lekanya joalo ka boiphihlelo ba ho koeteloa ha bajaki: ha ho na thuso."

Nicole R Prause, PhD‏ @NicoleRPrause

Uena kapa mohlahlobi?

Josh Li-grubbs‏ @JoshuaGrubbsPhD

Mofuputsi o ile a mpolella sona

Josh Li-grubbs‏ @JoshuaGrubbsPhD  Jul 14

Ha e le hantle se ileng sa lebisa mosebetsing oa ka oa ho lemalla ho lemalla, ke ile ka nahana ka litlhaloso ha ke ntse ke ntlafatsa maikutlo.

Ha ho na mohlala oa nalane ea "tlhahlobo ea bokhoba ea" e lemalloang "

Lithuto tse peli tsa Grubbs li qotsa khafetsa (1, 2) ho fana ka maikutlo a hore mohopolo oa hae oa "ho lemalla ho lemalla" ho thehiloe / ho nepahala ho entsoe ho batho ba tsubang, ebile ha e tšehetse mohopolo oa "ho lemalla ho lemalla" joalo ka ha Grubbs a e sebelisa. Taba ea mantlha, ha ho thuto e fanang ka maikutlo, joalo ka ha Grubbs a etsa ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, bokhoba ba sakerete ba 'nete ha bo eo. Ebile ha ho le e 'ngoe ea lithuto tseo e ileng ea re e hlahisitse lenane la lipotso le ka khethollang kapa ho khetholla "bokhoba bo lemalloang" le ho lemalla. Lithuto ka bobeli li shebile ho lekola kamoo katleho ea nakong e tlang ea ho khaotsa ho tsuba e amanang le litlaleho tsa khale tsa ho lemala.

Ha ho na lenane la lipotso bakeng sa "ho lemalla ho lemalla" eng kapa eng - ntho kapa boits'oaro - ho kenyeletsoa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ho sa tsotelehe seo Grubbs a se buang). Ho na le lebaka le letle la hore 'Google Scholar' e khutlise litholoana tse 'maloa bakeng sa "litla-morao tse latelang":

• "ba lemoha ho lemalla joala"
• "ho lemoha ho lemalla k'hok'heine"
• "heroine e bonngoeng e lemalla"
• "ho nkoa hore methamphetamine e lemalla"
• "ho nkoa hore papali ea chelete e lemalla"

Bafuputsi ba bang ba bolela esale pele hore ba sebelisa CPUI sebele ho lemalla lithethefatsi

Tlhahlobo ea sebele: bafuputsi ba bang ba hlalosa CPUI e le sebele lipotso tsa tlhahlobo ea lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa (joalo ka ha e netefalitsoe joalo ka), 'me u e sebelise joalo lithutong tsa bona tse hatisitsoeng:

1. Ho hlahlojoa ha Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Inthaneteng Lihlopheng tsa Baithuti ba Basali Likoloking tsa Bokreste tsa Evangeli
2. Lipotso le lipalo bakeng sa ho hlahloba liketso tsa ho kopanela liphate ka Inthanete: Ho hlahloba lilemo tsa 20 tsa lipatlisiso (2014)
3. Bothata ba cybersex: Ho nahanisisa, ho hlahloba le kalafo (2015)
4. Ho hlakisa lits'ebeletso tsa lipapaling tsa Inthanete, ho Sebelisa Inthanete, Sepheo sa ho Noa, le Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Inthaneteng Sebelisa (2015)
5. Cyberpornography: Tšebeliso ea nako, Ho lemalla ho lemalla, ho sebetsa ka thobalano le khotsofalo ea thobalano (2016)
6. Ho Hlahloba Li-Correlates tsa Bothata ba Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Inthaneteng Sebelisa Har'a Seithuti sa Univesithi (2016)

Thuto ea ho qetela ka holimo e sebelisitse phetolelo e telele ea Grubbs CPUI le lipotso tsa bootsoa bo hlephileng ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse tsoang ho DSM-5 ho bapala lipapali tsa ho lemalla lipapali tsa video. Litšoantšo tse ka tlase li bontša litaba tse tšoanang' lintlha tse hlahang lipotsong tse peli tse fapaneng tsa lipotso tsa lithethefatsi:

-

Ha ho makatse: liphetho le kabo e ts'oanang bakeng sa Grubbs CPUI le lipotso tsa lipotso tsa DSM-5 tse mabapi le lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa. Haeba CPUI e ne e ka khetholla "bokhoba bo lemalloang" ho "temallo ea nnete" lirafu le kabo li ka fapana hampe. Ha li joalo.

Tlhahiso: Nako le nako ha u bala pampiri ea Grubbs kapa Grubbs e loma molumo mecheng ea litaba, tlosa lentsoe "lemohuoa" 'me u bone hore na e bala ka tsela e fapaneng joang - le hore na e hokahana joang le lipatlisiso tse ling mabapi le bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Mohlala, lipolelo tse peli ho tloha tsebisong ea pampiri ea Grubbs e nang le lentsoe "lemoha" e hlakotsoe:

Ho lemalla litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng ho amahanngoa le maemo a tlase a boiketlo. Phuputso ea morao-rao e fumane ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa ho amana le matšoenyeho, khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea maikutlo (Grubbs, Stauner, Exline, Pargament, & Lindberg, 2015; Grubbs, Volk et al., 2015).

Tlosa tumello e sa tšehetsoeng ea hore CPUI e lekola "ho lemalla ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa" mme re na le liphetho tse fapaneng ka ho felletseng tsa ho ithuta ebile ha ho na lihlooho tsa litaba tse khelosang. Hape, liphetho tse joalo tsa 'nete tsa ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa li amahanngoa le matšoenyeho, khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea maikutlo li tsamaellana le mashome a lilemo a "nete", e "sa lemohuoeng," lipatlisiso tsa bokhoba. Ho sitoa ho laola ts'ebeliso hoa khathatsa.

KAROLO EA 2: Ho tsekoa likamano? "Lihora tsa tšebeliso" le "Bolumeli"

Ho fapana le seo Grubbs a se buileng palo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e shebiloeng e amana haholo le lintlha tse lemalloang ke thobalano (CPUI)

Ha re ntse re tla bona hore "lihora tsa ts'ebeliso" ha ho mohla li sebelisoang e le moemeli a le mong oa ho lemalla lithethefatsi, ho luma melumo ea media ho bolela hore Grubbs o fumane Che kamano lipakeng tsa "lihora tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" le lintlha tse ngata tekong ea lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa (CPUI). Ha ho joalo. Ha re qale ka Grubb's thuto 2013 e laetseng (ka fiat) CPUI-9 tlhahlobo ea "ho lemalla lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa":

"Lintlha ho CPUI-9 e felletseng, ts'ebetso ea ho qobelloa ho sebetsa, le boiteko ba phihlello kaofela li ne li amahanngoa le ts'ebeliso e eketsehang ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng, ho bontša hore ho lemoha ho lemalla [palo e feletseng ea CPUI] e amana le ho sebelisoa khafetsa haholo. ”

Hopola "ho lemalla ho lemalla" ke khutsufatso bakeng sa palo eohle ea CPUI. Joalokaha ho hlalositsoe pejana, thuto ena ea 2015 Grubbs e tlaleha kopano e ntle pakeng tsa lihora tsa tšebeliso le lintlha tsa CPUI. Ho tloha p. 6 ea thuto:

“Ho feta moo, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa letsatsi le letsatsi li sebelisoa ka lihora tse ngata haholo 'me li amana hantle ka ho tepella maikutlong, ho tšoenyeha, le bohale, hammoho le ho lemoha ho lemalla [palo eohle ea CPUI]. "

Ka mantsoe a mang, ho fapana le lihlooho tsa litaba le litletlebo tsa Grubbs ho boralitaba, lintlha tsa lithuto tsa CPUI-9 kaofela li ne li le joalo haholo e amanang le lihora tse ngata tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Empa "litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa letsatsi le letsatsi li sebelisa lihora" joang ha li bapisoa le bolumeli? Ke eng e amanang haholo le lintlha tsa CPUI?

Re tla sebelisa data ho tsoa pampiring ea 2015 Grubbs ("Ho tlōla ho lemalla: Tumelo le Boitšoaro bo sa amoheloe e le baqapi ba ho lemalla ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa"), Kaha e na le lithuto tse 3 tse arohaneng 'me sehlooho sa eona se tsosang takatso se fana ka maikutlo a hore tumelo e baka ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa. Letlapa la 2 ka tlase le na le boitsebiso bo tsoang lithuto tse fapaneng tsa 2. Lintlha tsena li senola likamano pakeng tsa mefuta e seng mekae (lihora tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa; bolumeli) le likarolo tsa CPUI (eohle CPUI-9 'me li robehile likarolong tsa 3 CPUI).

Litlhahiso tsa ho utloisisa linomoro tafoleng: zero e bolela ho se lumellane pakeng tsa mefuta e 'meli; 1.00 e bolela ho lumellana ho feletseng pakeng tsa mefuta e 'meli. E kholoanyane palo e matla ka ho fetisisa pakeng tsa mefuta ea 2. Haeba palo e na le tloswa lets'oao, ho bolela hore ho na le kamano e mpe lipakeng tsa lintho tse peli. (Mohlala, ho na le kamano e fosahetseng lipakeng tsa boikoetliso le lefu la pelo. Kahoo, ka puo e tloaelehileng, boikoetliso bo fokotsa menyetla ea lefu la pelo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, botenya bo na le Correlation positive, ka lefu la pelo.)

Ho totobatsoa ka tlase mona ke likamano pakeng tsa kakaretso Lintlha tsa CPUI-9 (# 1) le "Sebelisa ka Lihora" (# 5) le "Index ea Bolumeli" (# 6) bakeng sa lithuto tse peli tsa Grubbs:

Likamano pakeng tsa palo eohle ea CPUI le bolumeli:

• Ithute 1: 0.25
• Ithute 2: 0.35
  • karolelano: 0.30

Likamano lipakeng tsa palo e felletseng ea CPUI le "lihora tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa":

• Ithute 1: 0.30
• Ithute 2: 0.32
  • karolelano 0.31

Ho makatsang, likarolo tsa CPUI-9 li na le e matla haholoanyane kamano le "lihora tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" ho fapana le tumelo! Ka mantsoe a bonolo "lihora tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" e bolela esale pele ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa e molemo ho feta e etsa borapeli. Leha ho le joalo sengoloa sa thuto se re tiisetsa hore tumelo "ke"e amanang haholo le ho lemalla lithethefatsi”(Lintlha tsa CPUI). Haeba ho joalo, "lihora tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" ho hlakile hore le tsona li "amana ka matla" le lintlha tse ngata ho CPUI. E batla ho tseba hore na kamano ea tumelo le litlolo tsa bootsoa e hatisoa joang, ha Lihora tse sebelisoang li hlokomolohuoa kapa li patiloe ka double doublepeak.

Ha ho na mokhoa o mong oa ho bua sena - Lintlha tsa Grubbs li hlakile ntle le liqoso tsa hae mecheng ea litaba le lithutong tsa hae tsa lithuto. Ho khatholla mohopolo oa hau, liqoso tsa Grubbs ho sena Psychology kajeno sehlooho se hlahang:

Ho ngotsoe "porn e lemalla" ke molekane, kapa ka hau, na ha ho letho le ho sebetsana le palo ea bootsoa eo motho ae bonang, e re Joshua Grubbs, motlatsi oa moprofesa oa thuto ea kelello ea Bowling Green University. Ho e- e na le lintho tsohle li tsamaea ho sebetsana le tumelo…

Ha e le hantle, se fapaneng ke 'nete: ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa ho amana haholo le ho sebelisoa ha nako e ngata ho feta ho ba le bolumeli. Karolo e latelang e tla senola seo sebele "Bokhoba ba bootsoa," joalo ka ha bo lekantsoe ke lipotso tsa CPUI 1-6, bo hole Hape e amanang le "lihora tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" ho fapana le tumelo.

Lithuto tsa Grubbs li senola seo sebele Ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa ho amana haholo le "lihora tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" ho fapana le tumelo

Grubbs o fumane hore ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa (lintlha tse felletseng tsa CPUI-9) ho amana haholo le "lihora tsa hajoale tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" ho fapana le tumelo. Empa o kanna oa nahana, "Grubbs e ne e nepahetse ka boipiletso bo le bong: lithethefatsi tse hlephisang boitšoaro (litlhahlobo tsa CPUI) is e amanang le bolumeli. ” E seng joalo hantle. Karolong e latelang re tla bona hore na hobaneng kopo ena e se joalo ka ha e bonahala.

Khomarela linomoro tsa Grubbs hajoale, ho na le kamano lipakeng sebele ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa le tumelo. Leha ho le joalo, e fokola haholo ho feta kamoo ho bontšitsoeng karolong e fetileng. Ho bohlokoa joalo, kamano pakeng tsa sebele ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa le "lihora tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" ho matla haholo ho feta kamoo ho bonts'itsoeng karolong e fetileng.

Ha ho hlahlojoa ka hloko, lipotso 1-6 tsa CPUI-9 li lekola matšoao le matšoao a tloaelehileng ho tsohle tse lemalloang, ha lipotso tsa 7-9 (khatello ea maikutlo) li lekola molato, lihlong le ho ikoahlaea. Ka hoo, "sebele temallo ”e tsamaellana hantle le lipotso 1-6 (Compulsivity & Access Boiteko).

Ho qobelloa:

1. Ke lumela hore ke lemaletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete.
2. Ke ikutloa ke sitoa ho emisa tšebeliso ea ka ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng.
3. Esita le ha ke sa batle ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng, ke ikutloa ke hoheloa ke eona

Boiteko ba ho Finyella:

4. Ka linako tse ling, ke leka ho hlophisa kemiso ea ka e le hore nka khona ho ba mong e le hore ke shebe litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.
5. Ke hanne ho tsamaea le metsoalle kapa ho ea likarolong tse ling tsa sechaba ho ba le monyetla oa ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.
6. Ke tlohetse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa haholo.

Mahlomola a Maikutlo:

7. Ke hlajoa ke lihlong ka mor'a ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng.
8. Ke ikutloa ke tepeletse maikutlo ka mor'a ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng.
9. Ke ikutloa ke kula ka mor'a ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng.

Pele, a re ke re hlahlobeng likamano lipakeng tsa karolwana ka 'ngoe ea 3 CPUI le Religiosity. Ka tafole e latelang likarolo tse tharo tsa CPUI li baliloe 2, 3 le 4, le Religiosity Index ke nomoro 6.

Tšebelisano pakeng tsa ho khotsofatsa ha Religiosity le Perceived (lipotso 1-3)

• Ithute 1: 0.25
• Ithute 2: 0.14
  • Karolelano: 0.195

Tšebelisano pakeng tsa Religiosity le Access Efforts (lipotso 4-6)

• Ithute 1: 0.03
• Ithute 2: 0.11
  • Karolelano: 0.07

Tšebelisano pakeng tsa Tšepo ea Bolumeli le Maikutlo a Maikutlo (lipotso 7-9)

• Ithute 1: 0.32
• Ithute 2: 0.45
  • Karolelano: 0.385

Ntho ea bohlokoa e fumanoang ke hore bolumeli bo amana haholo (.39) ho feela Khatello ea Maikutlo karolong ea CPUI-9: lipotso 7-9, e botsang basebelisi ba litšoantšo hore na ba ikutloa joang ka mor'a ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (lihlong, li tepeletseng kapa li kula). Bolumeli bo fokotsehile haholo ho lihlopha tse peli (lipotso 1-6) tse nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa sebele ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate: ho qobella batho ba bang (.195) le boiteko ba ho fihlella (.07). E bonolo: lipotso tse hlabisang lihlong le tse nang le molato (7-9) li matlafatsa ka matla palo ea CPUI ea batho ba ratang bolumeli. Tlosa lipotso tsa lihlong tsa 3 le ho lumellana pakeng tsa bolumeli le marotholi a CPUI e leng 0.13 feela.

Ha ho hlahlojoa lipotso tsa 'nete tsa CPUI, ho hlakile hore lipotso tse 3 tsa "Boiteko ba ho Fumana" 4-6 li lekola litekanyetso tsa mantlha tsa bokhoba ba leha e le efe bokhoba: "Ho sitoa ho emisa leha ho bile le litlamorao tse mpe." Tšebeliso e qobelloang ke sesupo sa bokhoba.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, potso #1 karolong ea Compulsivity e itšetlehile ka e ikhethang tlhaloso (“Na ke ikutloa lemaletse? ”).

Joale, khutlela ho lipotso tsa Boiteko ba ho Fumana tse 4-6, tse lekolang boits'oaro bo ikhethileng, eseng litumelo kapa maikutlo. Tsela ea bohlokoa ea ho nka: ho na le kamano e fokolang haholo lipakeng tsa Religiosity le lipotso tse 3 tsa Boiteko ba ho Fumana (0.07 feela). Ka kakaretso, bolumeli bo na le kamano e fokolang haholo le sebele lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa. (Ebile, ho na le lebaka le letle la ho fana ka maikutlo a hore ho na le hoo e ka bang Che kamano ea rona joalokaha re tla bona karolong e latelang.)

Ka mor'a moo, a re ke re hlahlobeng likamano lipakeng tsa karolo ka 'ngoe ea likarolo tse 3 tsa CPUI le "Lihora tsa Tšebeliso ea Litšoantšo." Ka tafole e latelang likarolo tse tharo tsa CPUI li baliloe 2, 3 le 4, le “[Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa] U li Sebelise Hora Feela” ke nomoro 5.

Tšebelisano lipakeng tsa "[Litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso] Sebelisa ka Lihora”Le ho lemoha ho qobelloa (lipotso 1-3)

• Ithute 1: 0.25
• Ithute 2: 0.32
  • Karolelano: 0.29

Tšebelisano lipakeng tsa "[Litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso] Sebelisa ka Lihora”Le Boiteko ba ho Fumana (lipotso 4-6)

• Ithute 1: 0.39
• Ithute 2: 0.49
  • Karolelano: 0.44

Tšebelisano lipakeng tsa "[Litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso] Sebelisa ka Lihora”Le khatello ea maikutlo (lipotso 7-9)

• Ithute 1: 0.17
• Ithute 2: 0.04
  • Karolelano: 0.10

Sena ke se fapaneng hantle le seo re se boneng ka tumelo. "[Litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso] Sebelisa ka Lihora”Likopano haholo ka lipotso tsa CPUI (1-6), e leng, hape, e nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa sebele ho lemalla liphate (0.365). Habohlokoa le ho feta, "[Litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso] Sebelisa ka Lihora”Correlate esita Hape haholo ka lipotso tsa mantlha tsa CPUI tsa 4-6 (0.44). Sena se bolela hore sebele ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate (joalokaha ho hlahlojoa ke boitšoaro) ho amana haholo le hore na motho o sheba litšoantšo tse litšila hakae.

Ka hlakoreng le leng, "[Litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso] Sebelisa ka Lihora”E amana hanyane (0.10) ho lipotso tsa "Khatello ea Maikutlo" (7-9). Lipotso tsena tse 3 li botsa basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hore na ikutloa ka mor'a ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (lihlong, ho tepella maikutlong kapa ho kula). Ka kakaretso, sebele ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate (1-6) ho amana haholo le tekanyo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​empa lihlong le ho ba le molato (7-9) ha li joalo. Ho beha tsela ena ka tsela e 'ngoe, ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ho na le lintho tse ngata tseo u lokelang ho li etsa le ho sheba lintho tse ngata tsa boitšoaro bo bobe,' me ha li amane haholo le lihlong (bolumeli kapa ho seng joalo).

Kakaretso ea se fumanoeng ke Grubbs

1. Kakaretso Lintlha tsa CPUI-9 li ne li tsamaisana hantle le "[Litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso] Sebelisa ka Lihora”Ho fapana le ho lumela bolumeling. Tlhahiso ena ka kotloloho e hanana le liphatlalatso ke Joshua Grubbs.
2. Ho tlosa lipotso tse 3 tsa "khatello ea maikutlo" ho lebisa ho kamano e matla le ho feta lipakeng tsa "[Litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso] Sebelisa ka Lihora"Le sebele ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate joalokaha ho hlahlojoa ke lipotso 1-6.
3. Ho tlosa lipotso tse 3 tsa "Matšoenyeho a Maikutlo" (tse lekang ho hlajoa ke lihlong le ho ba molato) ho lebisa ho kamano e fokolang haholo lipakeng tsa tumelo le sebele ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate joalokaha ho hlahlojoa ke lipotso 1-6.
4. Kamano e matla haholo e teng lipakeng tsa "lihora tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" le mekhoa e metle ea ho lemalla ho lemalla joalo ka ha ho lekantsoe ke lipotso tsa "Boiteko ba ho Fumana" 4-6. Ka mantsoe a bonolo: ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa ho amana haholo le bongata ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.
5. Kamano lipakeng tsa "tumelo" le boits'oaro ba mantlha ba ho lemalla (Lipotso tsa Boiteko ba ho Fumana 4-6) ha e eo (0.07). Ka mantsoe a bonolo: boitšoaro bo amanang le lithethefatsi, ho e-na le ho ba le bolumeli, bolela esale pele hore motho o lemalla ho kopanela liphate Bolumeli bo haufi le ho kopanela liphate.  

Mona ke qeto e nepahetseng ho feta ea thuto ea Grubbs e neng e ka shebahala joalo ka:

Ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa ho amana haholo le lihora tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ebile ho amana haholo le tumelo. Lihora tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ke sesosa se betere sa ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa ho feta tumelo. Hobaneng ha tumelo e na le kamano efe kapa efe le litlolo tsa bootsoa ha e tsejoe. E kanna ea ba sephetho sa sampole e sothehileng. Ha ba bapisoa le batho bao e seng balumeli, palo e tlase haholo ea batho ba bolumeli ba shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa khafetsa. Mohlomong mohlala ona o khopisitsoeng oa "basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" o na le liperesente tse phahameng haholo tsa batho ba nang le maemo a seng a ntse a le teng (OCD, ADHD, khatello ea maikutlo, lefu la ho ferekana kelellong, jj.) Kapa litšusumetso tsa lelapa / tsa lefutso tse atisang ho amahanngoa le bokhoba ba tahi.

Qetellong, a Phuputso ea morao tjena (ka sehlopha se seng sa Grubbs) se hlahlobile likamano pakeng tsa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso le khotsofalo ea thobalano / ts'ebetso tse sebelisang CPUI-9. Phuputso e fumane hore palo ea litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso e sebelisitsoeng ka matla e ne e amana ka matla le lipotso 1-6 (0.50), leha ho le joalo ha e amana le lipotso 7-9 (0.03). Sena se bolela hore palo ea litšoantšo tse tsosang takatso ea bootsoa e matla haholo ho nts'etsopele ea lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho hlajoa ke lihlong le ho ikutloa molato ha lia ka tsa amahanngoa le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​'me ha ho letho le amanang le ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tse litšila.

Liphuputso li hlokomela hore palo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hase e amanang le lithethefatsi tse amanang le lithethefatsi

Joalokaha ho hlalositsoe kaholimo, palo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse sebelisitsoeng e amana haholo le ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa ho feta tumelo. Seo se boletse hore re hloka ho sebetsana le maikutlo a Grubbs a hore lihora tse ngata tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li tšoana le "ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa" Ka mantsoe a mang, boholo ba "ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa" bo bontšoa hantle feela ke "lihora tsa hajoale tsa ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng," ho fapana le liteko tse tloaelehileng tsa litlolo tsa bootsoa kapa matšoao a susumetsoang ke litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Lesoba la mantlha a mongoli ona, leo u ka khannang teraka ho lona, ​​ke hore lipatlisiso tsa bootsoa ba inthanete le lithethefatsi tsa inthanete (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) e tlalehile hore mefuta e mecha ea ho lemalla marang-rang ha e kopane ka tsela e lumellanang le lihora tsa tšebeliso. Ebile, 'lihora tsa ts'ebeliso' tse fapaneng ke mokhoa o sa tšepahaleng oa ho lemalla. Lisebelisoa tse seng li thehiloe tsa ho lekola bokhoba ba tahi li lekola bokhoba ba tahi ho sebelisa lintlha tse ling tse ngata tse tšepahalang (joalo ka tse thathamisitsoeng likarolong tse peli tsa pele tsa CPUI). Lithuto tse latelang tsa bokhoba ba cybersex, tseo Grubbs a li siileng, li tlaleha kamano e nyane lipakeng tsa lihora le matšoao a bokhoba:

1) Ho shebella Litšoantšo Tsa Litšoantšo Tsa Porn Porn Inthaneteng: Karolo ea Litlhahlobo Tsa ho Kopanela Liphate Tsa Botona le Botšehali le Matšoao a Maiketsetso-Maqakabetsing a Maiketsetso a ho Sebelisa Inthaneteng Litabeng Tsa ho Kopanela Liphate Inthaneteng (2011)

"Liphetho li bontša hore mathata a ho itlaleha bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi a amanang le thobalano inthaneteng a ne a boletsoe esale pele ke likhahla tsa thobalano tse ikhethileng, lits'oants'o tse matla tsa lefats'e tsa matšoao a kelello le palo ea likopo tsa thobalano tse sebelisoang ha u le libakeng tsa thobalano tsa inthanete bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi. , ha nako eo u e sebelisitseng libakeng tsa ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng (metsotso ka letsatsi) ha ea ka ea tlatsetsa haholo ho tlhaloso ea phapang pakeng tsa tekanyo ea ho kopanela liphate Inthaneteng. (IATsex). Re bona ho tšoana ho itseng lipakeng tsa mekhoa ea kelello le kelello e ka 'nang ea tlatsetsa tlhokomelong ea ho kopanela liphate ka tsela e feteletseng le ho tse hlalositsoeng bakeng sa batho ba itšetlehileng ka lithethefatsi. ”

2) Ho khaotsa ho kopanela liphate le ho se sebetse ka mokhoa o sa sebetseng Ho lekanyetsa ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate ka thobalano ho banna ba bong bo fapaneng (2015)

"Liphuputso tsa morao-rao li bonts'itse kamano pakeng tsa ho tiea ha CyberSex Addiction (CA) le lits'oants'o tsa thabo ea thobalano, le hore ho sebetsana le boits'oaro ba thobalano ho emisitse kamano lipakeng tsa thabo ea thobalano le matšoao a CA. Liphetho li bonts'itse likamano tse matla lipakeng tsa matšoao a CA le lits'oants'o tsa ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano le thabo ea thobalano, ho sebetsana le boits'oaro ba thobalano le matšoao a kelello. Tlhekefetso ea CyberSex e ne e sa amahanngoa le mekhoa ea ho kopanela liphate ntle le thobalano le nako ea ho sebelisa li-cyber le beke le beke. "

3) Lintho Tse Bohlokoa: Ntho e Eketsehileng kapa Boleng ba Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa li Sebelisa? Lintlha tsa kelello le boitšoaro ba ho batla phekolo ea bothata ba bootsoa Sebelisa (2016)

Ho ea ka tsebo ea rona e molemo ka ho fetisisa, thuto ena ke ho hlahloba ka ho toba litloaelano pakeng tsa makhetlo a tloaelehileng a ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le boitšoaro bo nepahetseng ba ho phekola ho sebelisoa ha litšoantšo tse mpe (ho lekantsoe le ho etela setsebi sa kelello, setsebi sa mafu a kelello kapa setsebi sa thobalano ka morero ona). Liphello tsa rona li bontša hore lithuto tsa nakong e tlang, le kalafo, ho tšimo ena e lokela ho tsepamisa mohopolo ho phello ea tšebeliso ea bootsoa bophelong ba motho ka mong (boleng) ho e-na le matšoao a eona feela (bongata), kaha matšoao a seng matle a amanang le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo (ho e-na le makhetlo a sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa) ke mokhoa o bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa oa phekolo boits'oaro ba boitšoaro.

Tlhaloso pakeng tsa PU le matšoao a fosahetseng e ne e le a bohlokoa ebile e sebelisanoa ke boithati bo ikhethileng, bo ikhethang (ho fokolisa, ho ba le phetisano e itseng) har'a batho ba sa etseng kalafo. Har'a ba batlang litšebeletso tsa bolumeli, ha ho amane le matšoao a fosahetseng.

4) Ho Hlahloba Li-Correlates tsa Bothata ba Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Inthaneteng Sebelisa Har'a Seithuti sa Univesithi (2016)

Lintlha tse phahameng ka mehato ea ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Internet li ne li amana le ts'ebetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi kapa ho feta ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Leha ho le joalo, liphello li bontša hore ho ne ho se na kamano e tobileng pakeng tsa palo le makhetlo ao litšoantšo tsa bootsoa li e sebelisang le ho loana le ho tšoenyeha, ho tepella maikutlong, le bophelo le khotsofalo ea kamano. Likamano tse bohlokoa ho batho ba bangata ba ho kopanela liphate boitšoarong bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate ba ne ba akarelletsa ho pepesehela lipapali tsa bootsoa, ​​ho lemalla lipapali tsa video le ho ba banna. Le hoja liphello tse ling tsa ts'ebetsong ea litšoantšo tsa litšoantšo tsa li-intanete li ngotsoe libukeng tse fetileng, liphello tsa rona ha li bontše hore ts'ebeliso ea kelello e ntlafatsa ka mokhoa o itekanetseng kapa o sa tloaelehang oa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

5) Ho sheba Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Inthaneteng: Ke Hobane'ng ha e le Bothata, Joang, Hona Hobane'ng? (2009)

Phuputso ena e ile ea batlisisa ho ata ha litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthaneteng ho shebella, kamoo ho leng thata kateng, le mekhoa ea kelello e sebetsanang le bothata ka sampuli ea banna ba lilemo li lekholo tsa 84 ho sebelisa lipatlisiso tse sa tsejoeng. E fumanoe hore hoo e batlang e le 20% -60% ea sampuli ea bonang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e fumana e le bothata ho itšetlehile ka sebaka sa thahasello. Thutong ena, palo ea ho shebella ha ea ka ea bolela esale pele hore na mathata a hlahetsoe ke eng.

Kahoo, ho tloha qalong thuto ena le lipolelo tsa eona lia oa hobane liqeto tsa eona li itšetlehile ka ho lekanyetsa lihora tsa tšebeliso ea nako le boemo ba ho lemala / mathata / khatello e tlalehiloeng ke lihlooho e le tekanyo e nepahetseng ea ho lemala.

Hobaneng ha litsebi tsa lithethefatsi li sa itšetleha feela ka lihora tsa ts'ebeliso?

Nahana u leka ho lekola boteng ba bokhoba ba tahi ka ho botsa feela, "Hona joale u qeta lihora tse kae u ja (bokhoba ba lijo)?" kapa "U qeta lihora tse kae u becha (ho eketsa papali ea chelete)?" kapa "U qeta lihora tse kae u noa (bokhoba ba tahi)?" Ho bontša hore "lihora tsa ts'ebeliso" tse thata li ka ba sesupo sa bokhoba, nahana ka joala e le mohlala:

1. Monna e mong oa Motaliana ea lilemo li 45 o na le moetlo oa ho noa likhalase tsa 2 tsa veine bosiu bo bong le bo bong ka lijo tsa motšehare. Lijo tsa hae li na le lelapa la hae le leholo 'me ho nka lihora tsa 3 ho qeta (lotting yakking). Kahoo o noa lihora tse 3 bosiu, hora ea 21 ka beke.
2. Mosebetsi oa fektheri ea lilemo li 25 o noa feela ka mafelo-beke, empa o itlopa joala ka Labohlano le Moqebelo bosiu ho fihlela a kula kapa a kula. O ikoahlaela liketso tsa hae mme o batla ho emisa, empa ha a khone, o khanna a tahiloe, oa loana, o mabifi ka tsa thobalano, jj. O ntan'o qeta Sontaha kaofela a hlaphoheloa, mme a utloe eka ke bohlanya ho fihlela Laboraro. Leha ho le joalo, o ne a qeta lihora tse 8 feela ka beke a noa.

Ke senoa sefe se nang le bothata? Ho sebelisa “lihora tse ngata tsa tšebeliso” bokhobeng ba papali ea chelete ho thusa hakae? Nka batho bana ba babeli ba bechang;

1. Mosuoe ea tlohetseng mosebetsi oa sekolo sa mathomo ea lulang Las Vegas. Eena le metsoalle ea hae e meraro khafetsa ba qeta motšehare oa beke motšehare ba bapala mechini ea slot ea nickel le video-poker lik'hasinong tse fapaneng tse sa tsubeng. Kamora moo ba tloaetse ho ja lijo tsa mantsiboea buffet ea CircusCircus $ 9.99. Lits'enyehelo tsohle li ka ba $ 5.00, empa hangata li senyeha. Kakaretso ea nako ka beke - lihora tse 25.
2. Motlakase ea lilemo li 43 ea nang le bana ba bararo ba lilemong tsa bocha, eo hajoale a lulang a le mong motel motel. Ho becha lipone ho lebisitse ho tlhalo, ho lahleheloa ke mesebetsi, ho oa, ho sitoa ho lefa tšehetso ea bana le tahlehelo ea litokelo tsa ho etela. Ha a ntse a etela pina makhetlo a 3 ka beke, nako e ka bang lihora tse 3 nako le nako, papali ea hae ea papali ea chelete e sentse bophelo ba hae. Ha a khone ho emisa mme o nahana ho ipolaea. Nako eohle ea papali ea chelete ka beke - lihora tse 2.

Empa, oa ipotsa, kannete palo ea lithethefatsi e sebelisitsoeng e lokela ho lekanyetsa tekanyo ea tahi? Eseng hakaalo. Ka mohlala, ba limilione ba Maamerica ba nang le bohloko bo sa foleng ke basebelisi ba ngaka ea opioids (Vicodin, Oxycontin) kamehla. Boko ba bona le metsoako ea bona e itšetlehile ka bona, mme ho khaotsa ho sebelisoa hang-hang ho ka baka ho tlohela matšoao a maholo. Leha ho le joalo, ke bakuli ba bangata ba sa foleng ba sa foleng ba lemaletseng joala. Tlhekefetso e kenyelletsa liphetoho tse ngata tse nang le boitsebiso ba boko bo lebisang matšoao le matšoao a litsebi litsebi li lemoha hore ke lithethefatsi (Haeba phapang e sa hlaka, ke buella sena tlhaloso e bonolo ea NIDA.) Bongata ba bakuli ba sa foleng ba sa foleng ba ne ba tla lahla lithethefatsi tsa bona tsa lithethefatsi ka thabo e le hore ba phele bophelo bo se nang bohloko bo tebileng. Sena se fapane hōle le ba lemalloang ba opioid ba atisang ho beha kotsing ea ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ho tsoela pele ba lemalla.

Ha ho "lihora tsa hajoale tsa tšebeliso" kapa "chelete e sebelisitsoeng" feela e ka re tsebisang hore na ke mang ea lemaletseng le hore na ke mang. Ho na le lebaka la hore hobaneng "ts'ebeliso e tsoelang pele leha ho na le litlamorao tse mpe" e thusa litsebi ho hlalosa bokhoba, 'me "lihora tsa hona joale tsa ts'ebeliso" ha e joalo. Hopola, lipotso tse 3 tsa "Boiteko ba ho Fumana" CPUI li hlahlobile "ho se khone ho emisa leha ho bile le litlamorao tse mpe." Ho data ea Grubbs, lipotso tsena e ne e le likhakanyo tse matla ka ho fetesisa tsa sebele ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate

Ntlha ea bohlokoa: Litakatso tsa Grubbs li ipapisitse le "lihora tsa hajoale tsa ts'ebeliso" e le eona feela mokhoa o nepahetseng oa ho lemalla 'nete. Ha li joalo. Esita le haeba lihora tse ngata tsa tšebeliso e ne e le moemeli oa ho lemalla lithethefatsi, lithuto tse feletseng tsa Grubbs li senola hore "lihora tsa morao-rao tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" li amana haholo le lintlha tsohle tsa CPUI-9 (ke hore, "ho lemalla" ho lemalla). Habohlokoa le ho feta, "lihora tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" li amana haholo le ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa (lipotso tsa CPUI 1-6) ho feta tumelo. Kahoo liqeto tsa Grubbs ka bobeli hase 'nete ebile ha lia itšetleha ka saense e teng ea tahi.

"Lihora tsa hajoale tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" li siea mefuta e mengata

Bothata ba bobeli ba mokhoa ke hore Grubbs o lekotse ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka ho botsa lihlooho ka "lihora tsa bona tsa hona joale tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa." Potso eo ha e hlake hantle. Ka nako efe? Taba e ngoe e kanna ea nahana "Ke sebelisitse bokae maobane?" e 'ngoe "bekeng e fetileng?" kapa "ka karolelano ho tloha ha ke nka qeto ea ho tlohela ho shebella ka lebaka la litlamorao tse sa batleheng?" Phello ke data e ke keng ea bapisoa ebile e ke ke ea hlahlojoa ka sepheo sa ho fihlela liqeto tse tšepahalang, re se re sa re letho ka liqeto tse kholo tse sa tšehetsoeng ke Grubbs.

Habohlokoa le ho feta, potso ea "tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" hajoale, moo liqeto tsa thuto e lutseng teng, e hloleha ho botsa ka mefuta ea bohlokoa ea ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa: ts'ebeliso ea lilemo e qalile, lilemo tsa ts'ebeliso, hore na mosebelisi o nyolohetse mefuteng ea lipale tsa bootsoa kapa o hlahisitse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse sa lebelloang. , karolelano ea ho ejaculation le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho ejaculation ntle le eona, palo ea thobalano le molekane oa nnete, joalo-joalo. Lipotso tseo li kanna tsa re hlakisetsa haholoanyane hore na ke mang ea nang le bothata ba ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho fapana le "lihora tsa ts'ebeliso tsa hajoale".

KAROLO 3: Na Bolumeli bo amanang le 'Nete ea Bootsoa?

Selelekela: Bopaki bo sa tloaelehang ho litsebi tsa thobalano bo bontša hore ho na le bareki ba ikutloa lemaletse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​empa u li shebe ka linako tse ling. Ho ka etsahala hore ba bang ba bareki bana ke ba bolumeli mme ba ikutloa ba le molato ebile ba le lihlong ho potoloha tšebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Na batho bana ba na le bothata ba "ho lemalla ho lemalla" eseng lithethefatsi tsa 'nete tsa bootsoa? Mohlomong ho joalo. Seo se boletse hore batho bana ba batla ho emisa leha ho le joalo ba ntse ba tsoela pele ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Hore na "basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro" ba hlile ba lemaletse kapa ba mpa ba ikutloa ba le molato ebile ba le lihlong, ho na le ntho e le 'ngoe: Grubbs CPUI Ha e khone khetholla "bokhoba bo lemohuoang" le temallo ea 'nete ho batho bana kapa motho e mong le e mong.

Lipotso tse tharo tsa lipotso tsa CPUI li hlahloba ho soaba le ho hlajoa ke lihlong, e leng se hlahisang batho ba bangata bolumeling ba phahameng

Hobane lipotso tsa 3 tsa ho qetela tsa lipotso tsa 9 tsa CPUI li lekola ho ba molato, ho hlajoa ke lihlong le ho ikoahlaea, basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba CPUI ba tloaetse ho ts'oaroa holimo. Mohlala, haeba motho ea sa lumeleng ho Molimo le Mokreste ea inehetseng a na le lintlha tse tšoanang lipotsong tsa CPUI 1-6, ho hlile ho na le bonnete ba hore Mokreste o tla qetella a fumane lintlha tse phahameng haholo tsa CPUI-9, kamora hore lipotso tsa 7-9 li eketsoe.

7. Ke hlajoa ke lihlong ka mor'a ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng.
8. Ke ikutloa ke tepeletse maikutlo ka mor'a ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng.
9. Ke ikutloa ke kula ka mor'a ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng.

Lintho tse fumanoeng ke Grubbs ke hore litšoantšo tse litšila tsa bolumeli basebedisi e ka ikutloa e le molato ka tšebeliso ea litšoantšo (lipotso 7-9), empa ha li sa lemalloa (lipotso 4-6).

Qetellong, sohle seo re ka se nkang lithutong tsa Grubbs ke hore basebelisi ba bang ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba ikutloa ba soabile ba bile ba hlajoa ke lihlong. Ha ho makatse moo. Kaha palo e tlase haholo ea batho ba bolumeli ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​se fumanoeng ke Grubb ha se re bolelle letho ka batho ba bolumeli ka kakaretso. Ntlha ea bohlokoa: Grubbs o sebelisa mohlala o sothehileng oa lithuto tsa bolumeli - litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse sebelisang tse nyane - ho tseka hore bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bo amana le tumelo.

Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore lipotso tsa tlhahlobo ea mefuta e meng ea tahi ha li na lipotso mabapi le molato le lihlong. Ka sebele, ha ho letho etsa karolo ea boraro ea lipotso tsa bona mabapi le molato le lihlong. Ka mohlala, litekanyetso tsa DSM-5 tse tsoang Alcohol Use Disorder na le lipotso tsa 11. Leha ho le joalo ha ho le e 'ngoe ea lipotso tse hlahlobang ho ikoahlaea kapa ho ikutloa u le molato ka mor'a ho itlopa joala. Leha lipotso tsa DSM-5 Gaba Adiction ha li na potso e le 'ngoe mabapi le ho ikoahlaea, molato kapa lihlong. Ho fapana le hoo, lipotso tsena tse peli tse lemalloang ke DSM-5 li hatisa ho se sebetse hantle boitšoaro, e tšoanang le lipotso 4-6 ea CPUI-9:

4. Ka linako tse ling, ke leka ho hlophisa kemiso ea ka e le hore nka khona ho ba mong e le hore ke shebe litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.
5. Ke hanne ho tsamaea le metsoalle kapa ho ea likarolong tse ling tsa sechaba ho ba le monyetla oa ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.
6. Ke tlohetse litšoantšo tsa bootsoa haholo.

Hopola, lipotso tsa CPUI 4-6 li amana haholo le "Lihora tsa ho Sebelisa Litšoantšo" tsa hona joale ho feta ntho efe kapa efe (0.44). Ho bolela hore "lihora tsa ts'ebeliso" ke eona tšibollo e matla ea sebele ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa ho data ea Grubbs. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lipotso tsa 4-6 li ne li na le kamano e nyane haholo le "bolumeli" (0.07). Ho bolelang hore tumelo ha e hlile e amana le bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Kamano e nyane haholo lipakeng tsa tumelo le ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa e kanna ea hlalosoa hamolemo ke sampole ea Grubb ea skewed le lintlha tse ling tse tšohliloeng ka tlase.

Bolumeli ha bo bolelle ho lemalla lithethefatsi. Esita le ha u ntse u batla.

Karolong ea 2 re bontšitse hore "lihora tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" li ne li amana haholo le lintlha tse felletseng tsa CPUI-9 ho feta tumelo. Kapa joalo ka ha mofuputsi a ka re: "Lihora tse ngata tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" e boletse esale pele ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa hanyane hanyane ho feta tumelo. Re boetse ra supa hore khokahano lipakeng tsa sebele ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate (lipotso tsa CPUI 4-6) le Religiosity 0 e fapaneng.07, ha likamano tsa 'nete tsa bootsoa (lipotso tsa CPUI 4-6) le "lihora tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" li ne li le joalo 0.44. Ho beha ka tsela e 'ngoe: "Lihora tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" e boletse esale pele bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa 600 +% ho feta ka tumelo.

Seo se boletse, Grubbs e sa ntse e tlaleha kamano e fokolang e ntle pakeng tsa bolumeli le lipotso tsa ho lemalla ho lemalla 4-6 (0.07). Hape na Grubbs e nepahetse, hore bolumeli bo bolela esale pele ho lemalla lithethefatsi? Che, bolumeli ha bo bolele esale pele hore motho o lemalla ho kopanela liphate. Ho fapana le hoo. Batho ba bolumeli ha ba na monyetla oa hore ba sebelise litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso, 'me kahoo ba se ke ba ba le lithethefatsi tse hlephileng.

Lithuto tsa Grubbs ha aa ka a sebelisa sehlabelo sa batho ba ratang bolumeli. Ho e-na le hoo, ke ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa feela (ba bolumeli kapa ba sa lumeleng) ba neng ba botsoa lipotso. Ho senyeha ha lipatlisiso ho tlaleha litefiso tse fokolang haholo tsa tšebeliso ea bootsoa ho batho ba bolumeli ha li bapisoa le batho bao e seng balumeli (ho ithuta 1, ho ithuta 2, ho ithuta 3, ho ithuta 4, ho ithuta 5, ho ithuta 6, ho ithuta 7, ho ithuta 8, ho ithuta 9, ho ithuta 10, ho ithuta 11, ho ithuta 12, ho ithuta 13, ho ithuta 14, ho ithuta 15, ho ithuta 16, ho ithuta 17, ho ithuta 18, ho ithuta 19, ho ithuta 20, ho ithuta 21, ho ithuta 22, ho ithuta 24)

Mohlala oa basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Grubbs ka hona o sentsoe ke liperesente tse nyane tsa banna ba bolumeli ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, Bolumeli bo sireletsa khahlanong le lithethefatsi tse hlephileng.

Ka mohlala, thuto ena ea 2011 (The Cyber ​​Pornography Sebelisa Inventory: Ho bapisa Mohlala oa Bolumeli le oa Sekolo) o ile a tlaleha palo ea banna ba k'holejeng ba bolumeli le ba sekolo ba neng ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bonyane hang ka beke:

• Sechaba: 54%
• Bolumeli: 19%

Tlhahlobo e 'ngoe k'holejeng ea banna ba bolumeli (Ke lumela hore ho fosahetse empa ke ntse ke ho etsa - Papiso ea bahlankana ba bolumeli ba hanyetsanang ha ba sebelise litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​2010) e senola hore:

• 65% ea bahlankana ba bolumeli ba tlalehile ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa lilemong tse fetileng tsa 12
• 8.6% e tlalehile ho sheba matsatsi a mabeli kapa a mararo ka khoeli
• 8.6% e tlalehile ho shebella letsatsi kapa letsatsi le leng le le leng

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lipatlisiso tsa li-cross-sectional tsa banna ba lilemo tsa koleche li tlaleha hore ho na le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa ho sheba litšoantšo tsa bootsoaUS - 2008: 87%, China - 2012: 86%, Netherlands - 2013 (lilemo tse 16) - 73%). Ka bokhutšoanyane, ho fanoe ka hore boholo ba lilemo tsa koleche, banna ba bolumeli ha se hangata ba shebang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​mohlala o lebisitsoeng ho Grubbs oa "basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" o khelositsoe, ha mohlala oa "basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" o emetse hantle.

Hona joale re fane ka mabaka a 'maloa ao ka' ona basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba ka 'nang ba ngolla ka holimo litabeng tsa lipotso tsa bootsoa.

#1) Bolumeli basebelisi ba litšoantšo e ka 'na eaba e na le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa maemo a teng pele ho moo

Kaha boholo ba bongata ba lilemo tsa koleche, banna ba bolumeli ha ba atlehe ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​the Grubbs le Leonhardt, et al. mehlala e shebiloeng ea "basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" e ne e emela palo e nyane ea batho ba bolumeli. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, mehlala ea "basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" e tloaetse ho emela bongata ba batho bao e seng balumeli.

Bacha ba bangata ba ts'oanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba bolumeli ba re ba ka rata ho se shebe litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (100% in Thutong ena). Joale hobaneng basebelisi bana ba shebella? Ho na le monyetla o moholo oa hore sampole e sa emeleng ea "basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" e na le liperesente tse phahameng haholo tsa selaete sa sechaba sohle se loantšanang le maemo a seng a ntse a le teng kapa li-comorbidities. Maemo ana a lula a le teng ho batho ba lemalloang (ke hore, OCD, khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo sechabeng, ADHD, nalane ea lelapa ea bokhoba, khatello ea maikutlo ea bongoana kapa tlhekefetso ea thobalano, lithethefatsi tse ling, jj.

Ntlha ena feela e ka hlalosetsa hore na ke hobane'ng ha basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​e le sehlopha, ba lekanang ka mokhoa o fokolang holim'a lipotso tsa ho lemalla lithethefatsi tsa Grubbs. Tlhahiso ena e tšehetsoa ke liphuputso ho batla kalafo batho ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate / ba kopanela liphate (bao re neng re ka lebella ho cheka ka sekhahla ho tsoa sekhabeng seo se futsanehileng). Ba batlang ho phekola ba senola Che kamano pakeng tsa borapeli le litekanyo tsa tahi le bolumeli (Thuto ea 2016 1, Thuto ea 2016 2). Haeba liqeto tsa Grubbs li ne li nepahetse, re ne re tla bona palo e sa lekanyetsoang ea basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba batlang kalafo. Khopolo-taba ena e tšehetsoa ke lithuto tsa kalafo tse batlang batho ba lemaletseng ho kopanela liphate le ba thobalano tse senolang kamano efe kapa efe lipakeng tsa tumelo le litekanyo tsa bokhoba le tumelo (Thuto ea 2016 1, Thuto ea 2016 2).

#2) Boemong bo phahameng ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa sebelisa batho ba bolumeli ho khutlela litloaelong tsa bolumeli 'me bolumeli bo ba bohlokwa haholoanyane

sena se Phuputso ea 2016 ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e tlaleha ho fumana ho makatsang hore ka boeona ho ka hlalosa kamano e nyane ea Grubbs lipakeng tsa sebele boitšoaro bo hlephileng ba ho kopanela liphate le bolumeli. Kamano pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le tumelo ea bolumeli ke nako e telele. Ha tšebeliso ea litšoantšo e ntse e eketseha, mokhoa oa bolumeli le bohlokoa ba bolumeli fokotseha - ho fihlela ntlheng. Empa ha motho oa bolumeli a qala ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hanngoe kapa habeli ka beke mokhoa ona oa iphetola: Motho ea sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa o qala ho ea kerekeng khafetsa mme bohlokoa ba bolumeli bophelong ba hae boa eketseha. Tlhaloso ea thuto:

"Leha ho le joalo, litlamorao tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa pele ho ts'ebeliso ea litšebeletso tsa bolumeli hamorao le thapelo li ne li koaloa hanyane: Ho ba teng litšebeletsong tsa bolumeli le thapelo li theoha ho isa ntlheng ebe li nyoloha le ho shebella litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro."

Setšoantšo sena, se nkiloeng thuputsong ena, se bapisa ho ba teng ha tšebeletso ea bolumeli le palo ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse sebelisoang:

Ho bonahala eka ha tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ea batho ba bolumeli e ntse e eketseha ho tsoa taolong, ba khutlela bolumeling e le mokhoa oa ho sebetsana le boits'oaro ba bona bo thata. Sena ha se makatse, kaha lihlopha tse ngata tsa ho hlaphoheloa ka joala tse ipapisitseng le mehato ea 12 li kenyelletsa karolo ea moea kapa ea bolumeli. Sengoli sa pampiri se hlahisitse sena e le lebaka le ka etsahalang:

… Lithuto tsa bokhoba ba tahi li fana ka maikutlo a hore ba ikutloang ba hloka thuso bokhobeng ba bona khafetsa ba kopa thuso e sa tloaelehang. Ho joalo, mananeo a mehato e leshome le metso e 'meli a batlang ho thusa batho ba loantšanang le bokhoba ba ho akaretsa a kenyelletsa lithuto tsa ho inehela ho matla a phahameng, mme lenane le ntseng le phahama la mananeo a Bokreste a mehato e leshome le metso e' meli a etsa hore khokahano ena e hlake le ho feta. Ho ka etsahala hore ebe batho ba sebelisang litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro maemong a fetelletseng (ke hore, ho sebelisa maemo a ka bang tšobotsi ea ho qobelloa kapa ho lemalla) ba hlile ba sutumelloa bolumeling ka nako ho fapana le ho ikhula ho bona.

Ts'ebetso ena ea basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba khutlelang tumelong ea bona e le ho lemalla ho lemala e ka hlakisa kamano e nyenyane pakeng tsa lithethefatsi tse hlephileng tsa bootsoa le bolumeli.

# 3) Ho fapana le litaba tsa bolumeli, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa lefatše tse sebelisang lihlooho li kanna tsa se ke tsa lemoha litlamorao tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa hobane ha ba leke ho tlohela

Na ho ka etsahala hore basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba fumane lintlha tse holimo lipotsong tsa lipotso tse lemalloang ke thobalano hobane ba lekile ho tlohela, ho fapana le baena ba bona ba lefatše? Ka ho etsa joalo ba tla ba le monyetla oa ho tseba matšoao a bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa joalo ka ha ho hlahlojoa ke Leonhardt, et al. Lethathamo la lipotso tsa 5.

Ho ipapisitsoe le lilemo tse ngata tsa ho lekola liforamo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng, re fana ka maikutlo a hore bafuputsi ba lokela ho arola basebelisi ba lekileng ho tlohela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho ba sa li tsebeng, ha ba ba botsa ka litlamorao tsa bootsoa. Hangata ho joalo hore basebelisi ba kajeno ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ba bolumeli le ba sa lumeleng) ba na le kutloisiso e fokolang ea litlamorao tsa porno tsa inthanete ho bona ho fihlela ka mor'a ba leka ho tlohela (le ho feta ka leha e le efe matšoao a ho ikhula).

Ka kakaretso, basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba lumela hore ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha e na kotsi, ka hona ha ba na boikemisetso ba ho tlohela… ho fihlela ba ba le matšoao a sa mamelleheng (mohlomong, a fokolisang matšoenyeho a sechaba, ho se khone ho etsa thobalano le molekane oa 'nete kapa ho nyoloha hoa litaba tseo ba li fumanang li ferekanya / li khathatsa. kapa e kotsi haholo). Pele ho phetoho eo, haeba u ba botsa ka ts'ebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​ba tla tlaleha hore tsohle li hantle. Ka tlhaho ba nka hore ke "basebelisi ba tloaetseng ho sebetsa," ba ka tlohelang nako efe kapa efe, mme matšoao ao ba nang le ona, haeba a teng, a bakoa ke ho hong. hape. Ho hlajoa ke lihlong? Nope.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, batho ba bangata ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba 'nile ba lemosoa hore ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse litšila ho kotsi Ka lebaka leo, ba ka 'na ba sebelisa litšoantšo tse nyenyane tsa bootsoa' me ba leka ho li fa, mohlomong hangata. Liteko tse joalo tsa ho tlohela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete li khanya haholo, joalo ka ha ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (bolumeli kapa che) ba fumana:

1. Ho thata hakae ho tlohela (haeba ba lemaletse)
2. Tšebeliso ea bootsoa e ba ama hampe, maikutlong, thobalanong le ka tsela efe kapa efe (hangata hobane matšoao a qala ho khaotsa ho tlohela)
3. [Tabeng ea matšoao a joalo] Joang ho itokolla ho ka etsa hore matšoao a bobe le ho feta ka nakoana, pele boko bo khutla
4. Ho bohloko hakaakang ha ba batla ho tela ho hong mme ba sa khone (Hona ke lihlong, empa eseng hakaalo "lihlong tsa bolumeli / tsa thobalano" - joalo ka ha bafuputsi ba nahana joalo hobane basebelisi ba bolumeli ba e tlaleha khafetsa. Ka bomalimabe bohle ba lemalloang ba ikutloa ba hlajoa ke lihlong ha ba ikutloa ba se na matla a ho tlohela, ebang ke balumeli kapa che.)
5. Hore ba be le litakatso tse matla tsa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Litakatso hangata li eketseha ka matla ka beke kapa nako e teletsana ho tlohela ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Liphihlelo tse joalo li etsa hore ba lekileng ho tlohela ho ts'oenyeha haholo ka ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Kaha basebelisi ba bangata ba bolumeli ba tla etsa liteko tse joalo khafetsa, lisebelisoa tsa kelello li tla bontša hore ba amehile haholo ka ts'ebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho feta basebelisi bao eseng balumeli - leha ba sebelisa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso!

Ka mantsoe a mang, na bafuputsi ha baa lokela ho etsa lipatlisiso hore na basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka linako tse ling utloisisa hampe Litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ha li kotsi, ho fapana le ho nka hore ke batho ba bolumeli ba sa utloisisi boteng ba mathata a amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa leha ba sebelisa hanyane? Bokhoba, ha e le hantle, ha bo hlahlojoe ho ipapisitsoe le bongata kapa makhetlo a ts'ebeliso, empa e le litlamorao tse fokolisang.

Leha ho le joalo, ho hlōleha ho arola ba lekang ho tlohela ho ba sa e tsebeng, ho ferekanya haholo ho etsa lipatlisiso ho leka ho fihlela liqeto mabapi le se boleloang ke kamano pakeng tsa bolumeli, lihlong le tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.. Ho bonolo ho toloka data e le bopaki ba hore “tumelo e etsa hore batho ba tšoenyehe ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le haeba ba sebelisa hanyane ho feta ba bang, le hore haeba ba ne ba sa rate bolumeli ba ne ba ke ke ba ameha. ”

Qeto e nepahetseng e kanna ea ba hore ba lekileng ho tlohela, mme ba hlokomela lintlha tse kaholimo ba amehile haholo, mme tumelo ke sona feela sesosa sa ho etsa liteko tse joalo (mme ka tsela e 'ngoe e sa ameheng). Ho nyahamisa ho bona litsebi tsa kelello li etsa likamano tse bonolo le bolumeli / bomoea mme li etsa liqeto tse "hlabisang lihlong", ntle le ho hlokomela hore ba bapisa "liapole" le "lilamunu" ha ba bapisa basebelisi ba lekileng ho tlohela le basebelisi ba so kang ba etsa joalo. Hape, ke batho ba pele ba kileng ba bona likotsi le likotsi tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka mokhoa o hlakileng, ebang ke ba bolumeli kapa che.

Sena se ferekanya hangata se sebelisoa hampe ke ba batlang ho lebisa tlhokomelo hōle le matšoao a matla ao basebelisi bao e seng balumeli ba atisang ho ba le bona. Basebelisi ba agnostic ba atisa ho ba le matšoao a matla ka nako ea bona do tlohela, hobane feela ba tloaetse ho tlohela maemong a tlase ha matšoao a ntse a theoha ho feta basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Hobaneng ha bafuputsi ba sa ithute ketsahalo ee e makatsang?

Ebile, re ka becha hore karolo ea tau ea ba nang le eona ho hlekefetsa likamano tsa thobalano ke agnostics. Hobane'ng? Hobane batho bao e seng balumeli ba atisa ho kholiseha ka ts'ebeliso e mpe ea ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba Inthanete eo ba tsoelang pele ho e sebelisa ho feta matšoao a lemosang, joalo ka ho eketsa matšoenyeho a sechaba, ho nyolohela ho lintho tse feteletseng, ho se thahaselle, bothata ba ho finyella erection ntle le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ​​bothata ba ho sebelisa likhohlopo kapa tlhōlisano le molekane, joalo-joalo.

Taba ke hore, le ha e le ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang, kapa o sa tloaelehang, ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ka etsa hore basebelisi ba bang ba kopanele liphate hoo e ka ba sitisang. khotsofalo ea thobalano le kamano. Mona ke tlaleho ea motho a le mong. Ho nyolohela ho litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tseo pele e neng e le tse sa thabiseng kapa tsa ho pheta-pheta li tloaelehile halofo ea basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ka bokhutšoanyane, joalokaha ho builoe ka holimo, tšebeliso e sa tloaelehang ha e na ho hlajoa ke pelo. Ba sa sebeliseng hangata empa ba tšoenyehile ka tšebeliso ea bona ea bootsoa ba na le mabaka a utloahalang a ho ameha ka litlhahlobo tsa bona, ntle ho seo ba se utloang ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa nakong ea litšebeletso tsa bolumeli.

Na ho ka ba molemo ho haha ​​lipatlisiso tse botsang basebeletsi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ka bobeli bolumeling le ka tsela leha e le efe) ho tlohela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka nakoana le ho bapisa liphihlelo tsa bona le likoloi? Bona Qoba Lintho Tse sa Lebelloang Tsa Inthanete Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Sebelisa ho Senola Liphello Tsa Bona bakeng sa moqapi o ka khonehang oa ho ithuta.

#4) Mabaka a mangata a hore na ke hobane'ng ha basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse ts'oanang le ba bang ba ka bapaloa ka holimo lipotsong tsa lipotso tsa ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa

Ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ea Internet ho na le likotsi tse tloaelehileng ho ba bangata ba basebelisi ba kajeno. Tsena li kenyeletsa ho eketseha ho boitsebiso bo feteletseng, ho khotsofatsa likamano tsa botona le botšehali le khotsofalo ea kamano, ho lemala, le / kapa ho khahloa ho fokolang ho balekane ba sebele (hammoho le litokisetso tse sa tšepahaleng le tse sa tšepahaleng).

Ntho e sa tsejoeng ka ho fetisisa ke hore tšebeliso ea li-intermittent (mohlala, lihora tsa 2 tsa ho itlosa bolutu bo hlephisang boitšoaro li lateloa ke libeke tse 'maloa tsa boithaopo pele ho nako e' ngoe ea bootsoa) li baka kotsi ea ho lemala. Mabaka a teng, 'me ho na le lipatlisiso tsa meriana eohle tšebeliso ea nako e khutšoanyane liphoofolo le batho ba hlokomelang liketsahalo tsa boko bo ikarabellang.

Ka mohlala, bobeli lithethefatsi 'me lijo tsa phepo e sa lokang liphuputso li senola hore tšebeliso ea nako e khutšoanyane e ka lebisa kapele ho feta ho fetoha ha boko bo amanang le lithethefatsi (ebang ke motho ea sebelisang ho lemalla ho lemalla). Phetoho e kholo ke ho hlohlelletsa e senyang setsi sa moputso oa boko ka lipontšo tse hlahisang ho hlokomoloha litakatso. Ka ho khothaletsoa, ​​lipotoloho tsa boko li kenngoa molemong oa boipheliso le moputso ho batla ho ba le mekhoa e metle ea likhopotso kapa litloaelo tse amanang le boitšoaro bo hlephileng. Boemo bo tebileng ba pavlovian bo hlahisa ho eketseha "ho batla" kapa ho lakatsa ha o ntse o rata kapa monyaka o tsoang ketsahalong o fokotseha. Lintlha tse kang ho fetola k'homphieutha, ho bona pop-up, kapa ho ba mong, ho etsa hore litakatso tse tsosang takatso tsa ho kopanela liphate li be le takatso e matla. (Studies reports reporting sensitization kapa cue-reactivity ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20.)

Ntho e tsotehang le ho feta ke hore nako ea ho ikhula (libeke tsa 2-4) e lebisa liphetohong tsa neuroplastic seo ha se hlahe ho motho ea sa sebeliseng khefu e telele joalo. Liphetoho tsena bokong li eketsa litakatso tseo li ka li sebelisang ho arabela lits'ebollo. Ho feta moo, ea khatello ea tsamaiso ea khatello e le hore esita le khatello ea kelello e nyenyane e ka baka litakatso tsa ho li sebelisa.

Tšebeliso e sa tloaelehang (haholo-holo ho mofuta oa ho noa joala) e ka hlahisa hape matšoao a matla a ho khaotsa, tse kang tsa bohata, ho tepella maikutlong hona 'me litakatso. Ka mantsoe a mang, ha motho e mong a sebelisa kamora nako ea ho ithiba, le li-bees, e ka otla motho ea sebetsang ka thata-mohlomong ka lebaka la matla a eketsehileng ea phihlelo.

Ho itšetlehile ka phuputso ena, bo-rasaense ba fihlile qeto ea hore letsatsi le leng le le leng ho sebelisoa ha lijo k'hok'heine, joala, koae, kapa lijo tsa phepo e sa lokang ha ho hlokahale ho hlahisa liphetoho tsa boko bo amanang le lithethefatsi. Ho itlopa lijo ka nako e sa lekanyetsoang ho ka etsa ntho e ts'oanang le ts'ebeliso e tsoelang pele, 'me maemong a mang etsa joalo Hape.

Joale, a re ke re khutleleng papisong ea basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bolumeli le ba sa rapeleng. Ke sehlopha sefe se ka kenyelletsang basebelisi ba bang ba bangata? Ho entsoe lipatlisiso tse bontšang hore Basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba khetha ho se sebelise litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, ho ka 'na ha e-ba le bolumeli bo fetang ba basebetsi ba lefatše ba khomaretseng ho itlosa joala. Basebelisi ba bolumeli ba ka 'na ba ba "basebelisi ba nakoana." Basebelisi ba sechaba hangata ba tlaleha hore hangata ba nka matsatsi a seng makae feela - ntle le hore ba be basebelisi ba nakoana hobane ba leka ho tlohela tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.

Phello e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ea potoloho ea ho itlopa joala ke hore basebeletsi ba litšoantšo ba bootsoa ba na le likheo tse eketsehileng (le hangata ntlafatso). Ba ka bona ka ho hlaka kamoo tšebeliso ea bona ea bootsoa e ba amme kateng, ho fapana le basebelisi ba kamehla. Sena se ka 'na sa etsa hore ho be le lipotso tse phahameng holim'a lipotso tsa lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi. Phello ea bobeli, ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke hore basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse ts'oanang le ba bang ba tla ba le likarolo tse ngata tsa litakatso tse matla. Ntlha ea boraro, ha basebelisi ba li-intermittent ba ikakhela ka setotsoana, saense e boletsoeng ka holimo e bolela hore hangata ba tla ikutloa ba sa laolehe, 'me ba tla ba le bothata bo bongata ka mor'a ho itlopa joala. Ka bokhutšoanyane, basebelisi ba nakoana ba ka ba le lithethefatsi haholo 'me ba hlolloa ka mokhoa o tsotehang litabeng tsa lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi, le hoja ba ntse ba sebelisa ka makhetlo a fokolang ho feta bana ba bona ba lefats'e.

Tlas'a maemo, ho e-s'o ee kae ho fihlela qeto ea hore lihlong li baka phapang pakeng tsa basebelisi ba bolumeli le ba sa lumeleng. Bafuputsi ba tlameha ho laola bakeng sa phello ea tšebeliso ea nako e khutšoanyane. E fapane ka ho fapaneng, haeba e mengata Leonhardt et al's lithuto tsa bolumeli li ne li kenyelletsa karolo e phahameng ea basebelisi ho feta lihlooho tsa bona tse seng tsa bolumeli, motho a ka lebella hore basebelisi ba bolumeli ba kenelle litekong tsa lithethefatsi ho sa tsotellehe hore ba sebelise hangata haholo.

Ha e le hantle, ts'oaetsano ea ho sebelisa lithethefatsi ka nako e khutšoanyane ha e felle feela ho basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ts'ebetso ena e hlahisoa ka mehlala ea liphoofolo le basebelisi ba bootsoa ba lefatše ba lekang ho tlohela empa ba ntse ba itima lijo ka linako tse ling. Ntho ea bohlokoa ke hore ts'ebetso ea ho sebelisa lithethefatsi le lithethefatsi ka nako e khutšoanyane e lokela ho ithutoa ka boinotlolo pele e hohela le ho phatlalatsa litlhahiso mabapi le ho hlajoa ke lihlong (kapa "ho lemoha" ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa) e le eona feela tlhaloso ea hore na ke hobane'ng ha ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba tlaleha lithethefatsi tse phahameng ka ho kopana le ho sebedise hangata.

Kakaretso ea Bolumeli le Tšebeliso ea Litlhaku:

1. Bolumeli ha bo bolele esale pele ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ho lemoha kapa ho seng joalo). Karolo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea batho ba lefatše ba sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.
2. Kaha palo e nyenyane haholo ea batho ba bolumeli ba sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, ho hlakile hore bolumeli bo teng e sireletsang khahlanong le ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate.
3. Grubbs le Leonhardt, et al. disampole tse nkiloeng ho ba fokolang ba "basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa" li sotetsoe mabapi le basebelisi ba bolumeli, mohlomong ho baka liperesente tse phahameng haholo tsa mehlala ea bolumeli e nang le likotsi. Ka lebaka leo, basebelisi ba litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba na le lintlha tse batlang li phahame hanyane ka hofe kapa hofe ka lisebelisoa tse lemalloang ke thobalano le ho tlaleha bothata ba ho laola tšebeliso.
4. Ha tšebeliso ea bootsoa e e-ba khafetsa kapa e qobelloa, basebeletsi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba khutlela tumelong ea bona. Sena se bolela hore ba ts'oanang le litekanyetso tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa litsong tsa lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi li tla boela li phahamise holimo ho bolumeli.
5. Batho ba bangata ba sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba 'nile ba lemosoa hore ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho kotsi Ka lebaka leo, ba ka 'na ba sebelisa litšoantšo tse nyenyane tsa bootsoa' me ba leka ho li fa. Ha ba etsa joalo ba ka 'na ba lemoha matšoao a ho lemalla litšoantšo tsa bootsoa joalokaha ho hlahlojoa ke Grubss CPUI-9 ea Leonhardt, et al. Potso ea lipotso tsa 5 - ho sa tsotelehe tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.
6. Basebelisi ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ba ka ba le lithethefatsi haholo 'me ba hlolloa ka mokhoa o tsotehang litabeng tsa lithethefatsi tsa lithethefatsi, le hoja ba ntse ba sebelisa ka linako tse fokolang ho feta barab'abo bona ba lefats'e.

KAROLO 4: Grubbs e Senya Phatlalatso ea Meriana ea Ts'ebeliso ea Lithethefatsi

Bonnete ba ho lemalla litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro inthaneteng ho buuoa ka tsona bonyane lithutong tse tharo tsa lithuto tsa Joshua Grubbs (Grubbs et al., 2015; Bradley et al., 2016; Grubbs et al., 2016Lipampiri tsohle tse tharo li lahla ka thoko lilemo tse mashome tsa lipatlisiso tsa methapo ea pelo le tse ling (le lisebelisoa tse ling tse amanang le tsona) ho leka ho kholisa babali hore lingoliloeng tsa mahlale li bonts'a hore ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa inthanete ha e eo (ka hona e ts'ehetsa Grubbs hore bopaki bohle ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bokhoba bo tlameha ho "lemohuoa," eseng ba nnete).

Lithuto tsa Grubbs li qotsitse ho tlohela ho lemalla lithethefatsi

Lirapeng tsa bona tse qalang, lithuto tse tharo tsa Grubbs tse boletsoeng serapeng se fetileng li bonts'a leeme la bona ka ho theha seo ba se bolelang mabapi le ho ba sieo ha lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa inthaneteng lipampiring tsa batho ba babeli ba ipolelang hore ke "litlolo tsa bootsoa tsa inthanete": David Ley, sengoli sa Khopolo-taba ea ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate, le eo e kileng ea e-ba mofuputsi oa UCLA Nicole Prause, eo mosebetsi oa hae o 'nileng oa nyatsoa ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng ka lingoliloeng tsa bongaka bakeng sa mokhoa o fokolang 'me liqeto tse sa tšehetsoeng. Litokomane tse tharo tsa Grubbs li lumela hore li lemalla ho lemalla boitšoaro bo bobe ba ho kopanela liphate

1. Moemphera ha a na liaparo: Tlhahlobo ea 'Model Pornography' (2014), ea David Ley, Nicole Prause le Peter Finn
2. Takatso ea ho kopanela liphate, eseng bosodoma, e amana le likarabo tsa li-neurophysiological tse hlalositsoeng ke litšoantšo tsa thobalano (2013), Vaughn R. Steele, Cameron Staley, Timothy Fong, Nicole Prause
3. Ho shebella tšusumetso ea thobalano e amanang le karabelo e kholo ea thobalano, e seng ho se sebetse ha Erectile (2015), Nicole Prause & Jim Pfaus

Karolo #1 (Ley et al., 2013) is sekhechana sa leshano le le leng Ley, Prause le basebetsi-'moho le bona, Peter Finn, ba neng ba ipolela hore ke tlhahlobo ea mokhoa oa ho lemalla lithethefatsi. E ne e se joalo. Ntlha ea pele, Ley et al. e tlohetse lithuto tsohle tse phatlalalitsoeng tse bonts'ang litlamorao tsa ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka mabaka a hore ke "feela" khokahano. U balile joalo. Taba ea bobeli, e khethile mela e khelosang, e khelosang liphuputsong, e sa khone ho tlaleha liqeto tsa 'nete tsa bafuputsi. Ea boraro, Ley et al. e qotsitse lithuto tse ngata tse neng li sa lumellane le litlaleho tse entsoeng. Rea hlokomela hore tsena ke lipolelo tse matla haholo, leha ho le joalo li tšehetsoa ka ho feletseng ebile li ngotsoe ho sena tlhahlobo ea line-by-line. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore Ley et al. mohlophisi, Charles Moser, e 'nile ea e-ba nako e telele mohlahlobisisi oa mantsoe ea ho kopanela liphate le ho lemalla thobalano. Hape tseba seo Litlaleho tsa hona joale tsa bophelo bo botle ba thobalano na e khutšoanyane le e majoe histori. E qalile ho hatisa ka 2004, ebe e tsoela pele ho hiatus ho 2008, e le hore e tsosoe 2014, feela nakong ea ho hlahisa Ley et al.

Karolo #2 (Steele et al., 2013) e ne e le thuto ea EEG eohle mecheng ea litaba e le bopaki khahlanong ho ba teng ha lithethefatsi tse hlephisang boitšoaro. Ha ho joalo. Tlhahlobo ena ea Laban Lab e fana ka ts'ehetso ea boteng ba ho lemalla lithethefatsi le litšoantšo tse ts'oanang le litšoantšo tse hlephileng tsa thobalano. Joang joale? Phuputso e ile ea tlaleha litlaleho tse phahameng tsa EEG (P300) ha lihlooho li ne li pepesitsoe lifoto tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Liphuputso li bonts'a hore P300 e phahameng e etsahala ha batho ba lemaletseng lithethefatsi ba pepesoa ho tse ling (tse kang litšoantšo) tse amanang le ho lemala. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la mefokolo ea mekhoa eo liphuputso li ke keng tsa hlalosoa ka tsona: li-1) lihlooho li ne li le mahetleng (banna, basali, bao e seng litho tsa botona kapa botšehali); 2) lihlooho li ne li sa hlahlojoa ke mathata a kelello kapa lithethefatsi; Thuto ea 3) e ne e se na sehlopha sa taolo sa ho bapisa; 4) lipotso tsa lipotso ha lia ka tsa tiisoa bakeng sa lithethefatsi tsa bootsoa. Tumellanong le Boko ba Univesithi ea Cambridge bo hlahloba lithuto, phuputso ena ea EEG e boetse e tlaleha hore ho na le mokhoa o moholo oa ho bapala le litšoantšo tsa thobalano Nyane takatso ea ho kopanela liphate. Kenya ka tsela e 'ngoe, batho ba nang le ts'ebetso ea boko bo bongata le litakatso tsa bootsoa ba ratang ho ipholla litho tsa botona le botšehali ho feta ho kopanela liphate le motho oa sebele. Moemeli oa thuto ea bitsoang Nicole Prause o ile a bolela hore bana ba sebelisang litšoantšo tse hlephisang boitšoaro ba ne ba e-na le libido tse phahameng, leha ho le joalo liphello tsa thuto li bua se fapaneng le seo (takatso ea bona ea ho kopanela liphate e kopanetsoeng e ne e theoha kamanong le tšebeliso ea bona ea litšoantšo). Joalokaha ha ho joalo le ka lebaka la lihlooho tse ngotsoeng ka letsoho, Grubbs e ile ea ntšetsa pele liqeto tse fosahetseng tsa bangoli ba mantlha ("li-debunkers tsa bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa"). Litokomane tse tšeletseng tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka li hlahlobile semmuso Steele et al., 2013 e etsa qeto ea hore li fumanoa li lumellana le mekhoa ea ho lemalla lithethefatsi, e reng debunk: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Hape bona sena tlhahlobo e kholo.

Karolo #3 (Thapelo le Pfaus 2015) e ile ea hlahisoa ke Grubbs e le bopaki ba liphello tse ntle tsa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa:

… Lithuto tse ling li bile li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho ka ba le litholoana tse ntle tse amanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (Prause & Pfaus, 2015).

Prause le Pfaus e ne e se thuto ea 'nete' me ha ea ka ea fumana "litholoana tse ntle" tse amanang le ts'ebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ha ho na data e tsoang pampiring ea Prause & Pfaus (2015) e tšoanang le lithuto tse 'ne tsa pejana tseo e neng e thehiloe ho tsona. Liphapang li ne li se nyane mme ha li so hlalosoe. Tlhaloso ea mofuputsi Richard A. Isenberg MD, e hatisitsoeng ho Bongaka ba ho Kopanela Liphate Ho Fumana Access, e supa liphapang (empa eseng kaofela) tsa liphapang, liphoso le likopo tse sa tšehetsoeng. Phello e ntle ea boinotšing Prause & Pfaus e boletse hore e ne e le "boemo bo phahameng ba ho tsosa takatso" kamora ho shebella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho bafo ba neng ba shebella litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso lapeng. Mathata a 'maloa ka kopo ena:

1. Tsela e fanoeng haholo ea saense ea ho hlalosa phapang ena e tsosang ke hore banna ba sebelisang litšoantšo tse litšila tse tsosang takatso ba ile ba e-ba kholoanyane litakatso tsa ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Ho thahasellisang ke hore ba ne ba e-na le takatso e fokolang ea ho kopanela liphate le molekane le takatso e eketsehileng ea ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho feta ba lihora tse seng kae ba shebile litšoantšo tsa bootsoa
2. Prause & Pfaus e kanna ea se ke ea lekola ka nepo litaba tse tsohang hobane:

• lipatlisiso tsa 4 tse ka sehloohong li ne li sebelisa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa Lithuto tse peli tse sebelisitsoeng filimi ea 3-thuto e 'ngoe li ile tsa sebelisa filimi ea bobeli ea 20,' me thuto e 'ngoe e ile ea sebelisa litšoantšo.
• lipatlisiso tsa 4 tse ka sehloohong li ne li sebelisa litekanyo tse sa tšoaneng tsa nomoro. E 'ngoe e sebelisitse 0 ho 7 e lekaneng, e' ngoe e sebelisitse 1 ho 7, le thuto e le 'ngoe ha ea ka ea tlaleha likamano tsa ho kopanela liphate.

Richard A. Isenberg MD o kopile Prause & Pfaus ho hlalosa hore na ba ka tseka sephetho sena joang ka lebaka la ho ba sieo ha data e tšehetsang. Ha ho mongoli ea atlehileng ho fana ka karabo e utloisisehang.

Seo seo Grubbs se ithutang sona se feletsoe

Mabapi le leeme la Grubbs, ho hobe le ho feta hore lithuto tsa 3 tse boletsoeng kaholimo li tlohetse thuto e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea methapo ea kutlo le methapo ea kutlo e fumaneng bopaki bo tšehetsang mofuta oa bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa (ho feta 40 bokelloa mona). Ho phaella moo, Grubbs ha e eo 17 recensioni ea morao-rao ea lingoliloeng le litlhaloso ea lingoliloeng ka ho lemalla ho kopanela liphate le ho kopanela liphate (lenaneng le le leng) Bongata ba lithuto le litlhahlobo tsena ke bo-rasaense ba bang ba phahameng ba methapo ea kutlo Univesithing ea Yale, Univesithing ea Cambridge, Univesithing ea Duisburg-Essen le Setsi sa Max Planck. (Tse ling tsa tsona li ne li e-s'o phatlalatsoe ha lithuto tsa Grubbs li ea khatisong, empa tse ngata li ne li sa tsotelloe.)

Bapisa bafuputsi ba phahameng ba nang le Ley le Prause. Leya ha a na semelo sa ho tseba lintho tse ling 'me ha a hatise letho ho fihlela Ley et al., 2014. Thapelo ha e so amane le yunivesithi efe kapa efe ho tloha ka December, 2014, le eena litlaleho ho pota-potiloe ke 2 EEG liphuputso li 'nile tsa nyatsuoa ka makhetlo libukeng tse hlahlobiloeng ke lithaka (thuto ea 2015: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.; Thuto ea 2013: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.)

Re ka nahana ka ho lumela hore boteng ba Lithuto tsa 40 tsa methapo ea kutlo le litlhahlobo tsa 18 tsa lingoliloeng le litlhaloso tse tšehetsang mofuta oa bokhoba ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa e ne e tla hatella khopolo-taba ea Grubbs ea ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa….

“E amana ka ho felletseng le tumelo le boitšoaro bo mabapi le thobalano. Ka bokhutšoanyane, o re, "Ke tšusumetso e hlabisang lihlong."…

Haeba "ho lemalla lit soant so tsa bootsoa ke lihlong feela" Grubbs o hlalosa joang palo e ntseng e hola ea lithuto tsa methapo ea kutlo tse fumaneng liphetoho tsa boko ho basebelisi ba nang le bothata ba litšoantšo tse amanang le ho lemalla lithethefatsi? Ke joang lihlong etsa hore e boko bo tšoanang bo fetoha tse etsahalang ka ho lemalla lithethefatsi? Bopaki ba ho hlajoa ke lihlong bo ka paka boteng ba bokhoba ba liboko bo bonts'a bopaki ba tahi? E ka se khone.

(ka bobeli bolumeling le ka tsela e fapaneng) ho tlohela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ka nakoana le ho bapisa liphihlelo tsa bona le taolo? Bona Qoba Lintho Tse sa Lebelloang Tsa Inthanete Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Sebelisa ho Senola Liphello Tsa Bona bakeng sa moqapi o ka khonehang oa ho ithuta.

• Hape sheba: Tlhatlhobo ea: "Thepa e Senyehileng: Temoho ea Bokhoba ba Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa e le Mokena-lipakeng Pakeng Tsa Bolumeli le Kamano Ho Tšoenyeha Ho Tsotelletseng Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Sebelisa" (Leonhardt, Willoughby, & Young-Petersen 2017)