Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kapena kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti "kuyambitsa" zovuta kapena kusintha kwamitsempha

Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumayambitsa mavuto?

NDEMANGA: Akakumana ndi maphunziro ambiri ogwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi zotsatira zoyipa, njira yodziwika bwino ya akatswiri ofufuza zolaula ndikunena kuti "palibe chomwe chayambitsa chomwe chawonetsedwa." Zoona zake n'zakuti pankhani ya maphunziro azachipatala ndi (ambiri), kafukufuku wochepa kwambiri amavumbula zomwe zimayambitsa mwachindunji. Mwachitsanzo, maphunziro onse okhudza ubale pakati pa khansa ya m'mapapo ndi kusuta fodya ndi ogwirizana - komabe chifukwa ndi zotsatira zake ndizomveka kwa aliyense kupatulapo malo olandirira fodya.

Chifukwa cha zoletsa zamakhalidwe abwino, ofufuza nthawi zambiri amaletsedwa kupanga mapangidwe ofufuza oyesera omwe angatsimikizire ngati zolaula zimayambitsa mavuto ena. Chifukwa chake, amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yogwirizana m'malo mwake. Pakapita nthawi, pamene maphunziro ofunikira okhudzana ndi ubale asonkhanitsidwa m'dera lililonse lofufuza, pamakhala nthawi yomwe umboni unganenedwe kuti umatsimikizira mfundo inayake, ngakhale kuti palibe maphunziro oyesera. Mwanjira ina, palibe kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi ubale womwe ungapereke "mfuti yosuta fodya" m'dera lophunzirira, koma umboni wogwirizana wa maphunziro angapo okhudzana ndi ubale ukhoza kukhazikitsa chifukwa ndi zotsatira zake. Ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, pafupifupi kafukufuku aliyense wofalitsidwa ndi wogwirizana.

Kuti "mutsimikizire" kuti zolaula zimayambitsa vuto la erectile, mavuto amgwirizano, mavuto am'maganizo kapena kusintha kwaubongo komwe kumayenera kukhala ndi magulu awiri akulu amapasa ofanana atabadwa. Onetsetsani kuti gulu limodzi silimayang'ana zolaula. Onetsetsani kuti aliyense mgulu lomwelo akuwonera zolaula zofananira, kwa maola omwewo, pamsinkhu womwewo. Ndipo pitilizani kuyesa kwa zaka 30 kapena kupitilira apo, ndikutsatiridwa ndikuwunika kwakusiyanako.

Kapenanso kafukufuku woyesera "kutsimikizira" kuthekera atha kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zitatu izi:

Chotsani zosinthika zomwe mukufuna kuziyeza. Makamaka, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amaima, ndikuyesa kusintha kulikonse masabata, miyezi (zaka?) Mtsogolo. Izi ndi zomwe zikuchitika pamene anyamata ambiri amasiya zolaula kuti athe kuchepetsa vuto lopanda matenda la erectile losagwira ntchito komanso zizindikiro zina (chifukwa cha kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula).
Awonetseni omwe akufuna kuchita zolaula ndikuwona zotsatira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, onaninso kuthekera kwamaphunziro kuti muchepetse kukhutiritsa musanachitike komanso mukakhala ndi zolaula pamalo ochezera.
Chitani maphunziro apakatikati, zomwe zikutanthauza kutsatira zotsatirazi kwakanthawi kuti muwone momwe kusintha kwa zolaula (kapena kuchuluka kwa zolaula) kukugwirizana ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndimitengo yakusudzulana pazaka zambiri (kufunsa mafunso ena kuti "azilamulira" zina zomwe zingachitike).

Kafukufuku wambiri wa anthu pa zizolowezi zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo intaneti ndi chizolowezi chogonana, ndi wogwirizana. Pansipa pali mndandanda womwe ukukula wa maphunziro omwe akusonyeza mwamphamvu kuti kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti (zolaula, masewera, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti) kumayambitsa mavuto amisala/maganizo, mavuto ogonana, kusintha kwa ubongo komwe kumakhudzana ndi chizolowezi chogonana, ndi zotsatirapo zina zoyipa mwa ogwiritsa ntchito ena . Mndandanda wa maphunzirowa umagawidwa m'magulu atatu ophunzirira zolaula ndi maphunziro ogwiritsira ntchito intaneti . Maphunziro a zolaula amagawidwa m'magawo atatu kutengera njira: (1) kuchotsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, (2) nthawi yayitali, (3) kuwonetsa zolaula (zokopa zogonana).

Zithunzi Zolaula Zopereka Zomwe Zimasonyeza Kapena Zisonyezero:

Gawo # 1: Fufuzani pamene ophunzira adasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula:

Mkangano wokhudza ngati pali zovuta zogonana zomwe zimayambitsa zolaula watha. Maphunziro 7 oyamba omwe atchulidwa pano akuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto ogonana pamene ophunzira adachotsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikuchiritsa zovuta zogonana zomwe sizinachitikepo nthawi yayitali.

Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula za pa Intaneti Zimayambitsa Mavuto Ogonana? Kubwereza ndi Zipatala zapadera (2016)

Kufufuza kwakukulu kwa mabuku okhudzana ndi zolaula-kunachititsa mavuto a kugonana. Olemba a 7 a US Navy madokotala (a urologists, a maganizo a anthu, ndi a MD ndi PhD mu sayansi), ndemangayi imapereka mauthenga atsopano omwe amasonyeza kukula kwakukulu kwa mavuto aunyamata achinyamata. Limaphunziranso za ubongo zokhudzana ndi zolaula ndi kugonana kudzera pa zolaula pa intaneti. Olembawo amapereka ndondomeko zachipatala za 3 za amuna amene adayambitsa zolaula zogonana. Awiri mwa amuna atatuwa adachiza zovuta zawo zogonana pogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Mwamuna wachitatu adasintha pang'ono pokhapokha atalephera kusiya zolaula. Chidule:

Zinthu zachikhalidwe zomwe poyamba zinalongosola zovuta za kugonana kwa amuna zimawoneka zosakwanira kuti ziwerengere chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa erectile, kuchedwa kuthamangitsidwa, kuchepetsa kugonana kwachigonjetso, ndi kuchepetsa kukhumudwa pakati pa kugonana pakati pa amuna pansi pa 40. Ndemanga iyi (1) imalingalira deta kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, kuchipatala, matenda (uledzere / urology), maganizo (kugonana), zachikhalidwe; ndipo (2) imapereka malipoti okhudzana ndi zachipatala, onse ndi cholinga chopangira njira yothetsera kafukufuku wamtsogolo. Kusinthika kwa kayendedwe kabwino ka ubongo kumafufuzidwa ngati njira yothetsera malingaliro okhudzana ndi zolaula.

Ndemanga iyi ikuwunikiranso zaumboni wosonyeza kuti zolaula za intaneti zitha kupezeka paliponse (zopanda malire, zitha kupezeka mosavuta pazinthu zowonjezereka, makanema amakanema, ndi zina zambiri) zitha kukhala zofunikira kwambiri pakulimbikitsa kukondana ndi zolaula zapa intaneti zomwe sizimasinthika kukhala zenizeni -Amunthu wokhala pachibwenzi, kuti zogonana ndi omwe akukondana nawo asalembetse monga ziyembekezo zamisonkhano zikukhalira. Malipoti azachipatala amati kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti nthawi zina kumakhala kokwanira kusintha zolakwika, kutsimikizira kufunika kofufuzidwa kwakukulu pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula pa intaneti.

Zizoloŵezi za kugonana ndi ziwalo zogonana (2016)

Yolembedwa ndi dokotala wa zamaganizo wa ku France komanso purezidenti wa European Federation of Sexology . Pepalali likukhudza zomwe adakumana nazo ndi amuna 35 omwe adayamba kulephera kugwira ntchito ya erectile ndi/kapena anorgasmia, komanso njira zake zochiritsira powathandiza. Wolembayo akuti odwala ake ambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, ndipo angapo anali ndi chizolowezi choonera zolaula. Chidule cha nkhaniyi chikusonyeza kuti zolaula pa intaneti ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha mavutowa. Amuna 19 mwa 35 adawona kusintha kwakukulu pakugonana. Amuna enawo adasiya kulandira chithandizo kapena akuyeserabe kuchira. Zidutswa:

Chiyambi: Chosavulaza komanso chothandiza pazochitika zake, chizolowezi chochita maliseche komanso chizoloŵezi chodziwika bwino, chomwe chimagwirizanitsidwa masiku ano ndi zolaula, chimanyalanyazidwa kwambiri pazomwe zimawonetseratu za kugonana zomwe zingayambitse.

Zotsatira: Zotsatira zoyambirira za odwalawa, atalandira chithandizo kuti "asaphunzire" zizolowezi zawo zowononga maliseche komanso zomwe amakonda kuchita zolaula, zimalimbikitsa komanso kulonjeza. Kuchepetsa zizindikilo kunapezeka mwa odwala 19 mwa 35. Zovutazo zidasokonekera ndipo odwalawa adatha kusangalala ndi zochitika zogonana.

Kutsiliza: Kugonjetsa maliseche, kawirikawiri limodzi ndi kudalira pa zolaula, kwawoneka kuti kumawathandiza kuthetsa chidwi cha mitundu ina ya erectile kuperewera kapena kusagwirizana kwa banja. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti kukhalapo kwa zizoloŵezizi kulipo kusiyana ndi kuchitapo kanthu kuti chidziwitso chichotsedwe, kuti chiphatikize njira zowononga zizoloŵezi zowonongeka.

Zovuta zachilendo kuchita monga chidziwitso cha matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi chithandizo cha kugonana kwa anyamata (2014)

Chimodzi mwa maphunziro a 4 m'mapepalawa akufotokoza za mwamuna yemwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana ndi zolaula (low libido, fetishes, anorgasmia). Kugonana kumeneku kunkafuna kudziletsa kwa sabata la 6 pa zolaula ndi maliseche. Pambuyo pa miyezi ya 8 mwamunayo adafotokoza chilakolako chogonana, kugonana bwino komanso kugonana, komanso akusangalala ndi "zachiwerewere zabwino. Uwu ndiwo nkhani yoyamba yowonongeka ndi anzako za zolaula zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kugonana. Zithunzi zochokera pamapepala:

Atafunsidwa za zizoloŵezi za masturbatory, iye adanena kuti m'mbuyo mwake adakhala akuchita maliseche mwamsanga ndikuwona zolaula kuyambira ali mwana. Zithunzi zolaula poyamba zinali za zoophilia, ndi ukapolo, ulamuliro, chisoni, ndi masochism, koma pomaliza pake anazoloŵera zidazi ndipo ankafuna zojambula zolaula zambiri, kuphatikizapo kugonana, kugonana, komanso kugonana. Ankagula mafilimu oletsa zolaula pa zochitika zogonana ndi kugwiririra ndikuwonetsa zithunzizi poganiza kuti azigonana ndi amayi. Pang'onopang'ono anataya chilakolako chake ndi kuthekera kwake kuganiza ndi kuchepetsa nthawi yambiri yolaula.

Mogwirizana ndi magawo a mlungu ndi mlungu ndi wodwalayo, wodwalayo adalangizidwa kuti asapewe chilichonse chokhudza kugonana, kuphatikizapo mavidiyo, nyuzipepala, mabuku, ndi intaneti.

Pambuyo pa miyezi ya 8, wodwalayo adanena kuti akupeza bwino ndikumaliza. Anayambitsanso ubale wake ndi mkazi ameneyo, ndipo pang'onopang'ono anapeza chisangalalo chabwino chogonana.

Zimakhala zovuta bwanji kuchepetsa kuthamangitsidwa kochedwa mkati mwachitsanzo chochepa cha kugonana ndi kugonana? Kuyerekeza kwa kafukufuku wamakono (2017)

Ili ndi lipoti lonena za "milandu ingapo" yosonyeza zamatsenga ndi chithandizo chochedwetsa kutaya umuna (anorgasmia). "Wodwala B" amayimira anyamata angapo omwe amathandizidwa ndi othandizira. "Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa Patient B kudakulirakulira", "monga zimakhalira nthawi zambiri." Nyuzipepalayi inanena kuti zokhudzana ndi zolaula zimachedwa kuthamangitsidwa sizachilendo, ndipo zikukwera. Wolembayo akufuna kuti afufuze zochulukira pazokhudzana ndi zolaula pakugonana. Kuchedwa kwa kuleza mtima kwa wodwala B kudachiritsidwa pambuyo pa masabata a 10 opanda zolaula. Zolemba:

Nkhaniyi ndi milandu yambiri yomwe imachotsedwa kuntchito yanga ku National Health Service ku Croydon University Hospital, London. Ndili ndi vutoli (Wodwala B), ndizofunika kuzindikira kuti nkhaniyi ikuonetsa amuna angapo omwe atumizidwa ndi a GP awo ndi matenda omwewo. Wodwala B ndi wa 19 wa zaka zomwe adawonetsa chifukwa sankatha kulowera kudzera podutsa. Pamene anali 13, nthawi zonse ankapeza malo oonera zolaula yekha payekha kupyolera pa intaneti kapena kudzera pazomwe anzake amamutumizira. Iye anayamba kuseweretsa maliseche usiku uliwonse pamene akufufuza foni yake kuti afotokoze fano ... Ngati iye samakhala ndi maliseche sakanatha kugona. Zithunzi zolaula zomwe anali kugwiritsira ntchito zinali zitakula, monga momwe zimakhalira (onani Hudson-Allez, 2010), kukhala zovuta kwambiri (palibe choletsedwa) ...

Wodwala B anawonetsedwa ku zolaula pogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za m'zaka za 12 ndipo zolaula zomwe anali kugwiritsira ntchito zinali zitakula kupita ku ukapolo ndi kulamulidwa ndi zaka za 15.

Tinavomera kuti asagwiritsenso ntchito zolaula kuti achite maliseche. Izi zikutanthauza kusiya foni yake m'chipinda china usiku. Tavomereza kuti adzalora maliseche mosiyana ....

Wodwala B wakwanitsa kukwaniritsa zolaula kudzera mu kulowa mu gawo lachisanu; magawowa amaperekedwa usiku uliwonse ku chipatala cha Croydon University kuti gawo lachisanu lifanane ndi pafupifupi masabata a 10 kuchokera pakufunsana. Iye anali wokondwa ndipo amamasuka kwambiri. M'kutsatira kwa miyezi itatu ndi Odwala B, zinthu zinali zikuyenda bwino.

Wodwala B sikunali yekhayekha mu National Health Service (NHS) ndipo makamaka anyamata ambiri omwe amapeza chithandizo chamaganizo, popanda azimayi awo, amalankhula mozama pa zomwe zimasintha.

Nkhaniyi imathandizira kafukufuku wakale omwe wathandiza kuti anthu azigonana komanso aziwonetsa zolaula. Nkhaniyi ikutsirizira kuti kupambana kwa opatsirana pogonana pogwira ntchito ndi DE sikupezeka kawirikawiri m'mabuku a maphunziro, zomwe zathandiza kuti maganizo a ED monga matenda ovuta achiritsire akhalebe osayamika. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kufufuza zolaula komanso zotsatira zake zokhudzana ndi maliseche komanso chiwerewere.

Mkhalidwe Wathunthu Wopangika Maganizo: Nkhani Yophunzira (2014)

Zowonongeka zikuwulula nkhani ya zolaula-zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu asasokonezeke. Mwamuna yekhayo anali ndi chizoloŵezi chogonana asanakwatirane kawirikawiri amaliseche kuonera zolaula. Ananenanso kuti kugonana sikokwanira kusiyana ndi maliseche. Chidziwitso chofunikira ndi chakuti "kubwezeretsanso" ndi matenda a psychothera alephera kuchiritsa kusayeruzika kwake. Zomwe mapulogalamuwa atalephera, odwalawa adawaletsa kuthetsa maliseche. Potsirizira pake, kuletsedwa kumeneku kunapangitsa kuti kugonana kugwirizane bwino ndi kukondana ndi wokondedwa kwa nthawi yoyamba m'moyo wake. Zina mwazidule:

A ndi mwamuna wamwamuna wa zaka 33 wokwatira wokhala ndi zibwenzi zogonana amuna okhaokha, katswiri wochokera kumudzi wakumidzi komwe amakhala. Sanayambe kugonana asanalowe m'banja. Anayang'ana zolaula ndipo amangochita maliseche nthaŵi zambiri. Chidziwitso chake chokhudza kugonana komanso kugonana chinali chokwanira. Pambuyo paukwati wake, A A adanena kuti libido yake ndi yachibadwa, koma pambuyo pake anachepetsanso chachiwiri ku mavuto ake. Ngakhale kusunthika kwa kayendedwe ka 30-45 maminiti, iye sanathe kukwanitsa kapena kukwaniritsa zolaula pa nthawi yogonana ndi mkazi wake.

Chimene sichinagwire ntchito:

Mankhwala a Mr. A's adagwiritsidwa ntchito; clomipramine ndi bupropion zatha, ndipo sertraline idasungidwa pa mlingo wa 150 mg pa tsiku. Machitidwe opatsirana ndi banjali ankachitika mlungu ndi mlungu kwa miyezi ingapo yoyambirira, yomwe adatsatiridwapo kamodzi kapena kamodzi pamwezi. Malingaliro enieni kuphatikizapo kuganizira zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndikuganiziranso zokhudzana ndi kugonana kusiyana ndi kukasinthidwa kunagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira kuchepetsa nkhawa ndi kuyang'ana. Popeza mavuto adapitilirabe ngakhale izi zitachitika, mankhwala opatsirana pogonana anali kuganiziridwa.

Pambuyo pake adayambitsa kuletsa maliseche (zomwe zikutanthauza kuti apitiliza kuchita maliseche panthawi yomwe ili pamwambapa)

Kuletsedwa kwa mtundu uliwonse wa kugonana kunanenedwa. Zochita zowonjezereka zowoneka bwino (poyamba sizimagonana komanso pambuyo pake) zimayambitsidwa. A A adafotokozera kuti sangathe kukhala ndi chiwerengero chofanana chokakamizika pa nthawi yogonana poyerekezera ndi zomwe adakumana nazo panthawi ya maliseche. Pomwe lamulo loletsa maliseche linalimbikitsidwa, adafotokoza chikhumbo chokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi mnzake.

Pambuyo pa nthawi yosadziŵika bwino, kuletsa maliseche kumalo opambana:

Pakadali pano, A A ndi mkazi wake adaganiza zotsogola ndi Njira Yothandizila Kuberekera (ART) ndikukayendera magawo awiri a kulowetsedwa kwa intrauterine. Pa gawo loti achite, Mr. A adalumpha kwa nthawi yoyamba, kutsatira zomwe adatha kuchita mosangalatsa panthawi yochulukirapo ya banjali.

Zithunzi Zolaula Zinayambitsa Kulephera kwa Erectile pakati pa Achinyamata (2019)

Mfundo:

Pepala ili likufufuza za vuto la zolaula zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la kugonana (PIED), kutanthauza mavuto a mphamvu zogonana mwa amuna chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Deta yochokera kwa amuna omwe akuvutika ndi vutoli yasonkhanitsidwa. Kuphatikiza njira ya mbiri ya moyo (ndi mafunso ofotokozera nkhani pa intaneti osasinthasintha) ndi zolemba zaumwini pa intaneti kwagwiritsidwa ntchito. Detayo yafufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa chiphunzitso (malinga ndi chiphunzitso cha atolankhani cha McLuhan), kutengera kusanthula koyambira. Kafukufuku wofufuza akuwonetsa kuti pali mgwirizano pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi vuto la kugonana lomwe limasonyeza chifukwa chake.

Zomwe zapezekazi zachokera pa mafunso 11 pamodzi ndi ma dayalo awiri a kanema ndi ma dayalo atatu a mauthenga. Amunawa ali pakati pa zaka 16 ndi 52; amanena kuti kuyamba msanga kuona zolaula (nthawi zambiri paunyamata) kumatsatiridwa ndi kudya tsiku ndi tsiku mpaka kufika pamene zinthu zambiri (monga chiwawa) zimafunika kuti munthu akhale ndi chilakolako chogonana. Gawo lofunika kwambiri limafika pamene chilakolako chogonana chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zolaula zoopsa komanso zofulumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugonana kukhale kosasangalatsa komanso kosasangalatsa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti munthu asathe kukhala ndi chilakolako chogonana ndi mnzake weniweni, ndipo amunawo amayamba "kuyambiranso" njira yogonana, kusiya zolaula. Izi zathandiza amuna ena kuti apezenso mphamvu zogonana.

Chiyambi cha zotsatira zotsatira:

Nditamaliza kufufuza deta, ndaona njira zina ndi mitu yobwerezabwereza, kutsatira nkhani yotsatizana m'mafunso onse. Izi ndi izi: Chiyambi . Munthu amayamba kuonera zolaula, nthawi zambiri asanakwanitse msinkhu. Kumanga chizolowezi . Munthu amayamba kuonera zolaula nthawi zonse. Kuwonjezeka . Munthu amatembenukira ku mitundu yambiri ya zolaula, malinga ndi zomwe zili mkati, kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zomwezo zomwe zidapezeka kale kudzera mu mitundu yochepa kwambiri ya zolaula. Kuzindikira. Munthu amaona mavuto okhudzana ndi mphamvu zogonana omwe amakhulupirira kuti amayamba chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Njira "yoyambiranso". Munthu amayesa kulamulira kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kapena kuzichotsa kwathunthu kuti apezenso mphamvu zogonana . Deta yochokera ku mafunsowa yaperekedwa kutengera zomwe zili pamwambapa.

Zobisika Zamanyazi: Zomwe Amuna Achikhalidwe Amachita Pakakhala Kovuta Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula (2019)

Mafunso a 15 ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amuna. Ambiri mwa amunawa anena zolaula, kuchuluka kwa njira zogwiritsirira ntchito komanso zachiwerewere. Malangizo okhudzana ndi zolaula zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azichita zachiwerewere, kuphatikiza Michael, yemwe adakweza kwambiri zochitika zake zogonana panthawi yoletsa kugonana mwakuchepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula:

Amuna ena ankalankhula zofunafuna thandizo la akatswiri kuti athetse vuto lawo logwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Kuyesa kotereku kufunafuna thandizo sikunathandize amunawo, ndipo nthawi zina kunawonjezera manyazi. Michael, wophunzira wa ku yunivesite yemwe ankagwiritsa ntchito zolaula makamaka ngati njira yothetsera nkhawa zokhudzana ndi kafukufuku, anali ndi vuto la kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa maliseche akamagonana ndi akazi ndipo anapempha thandizo kwa Dokotala wake Wamkulu (GP):

Michael: Pamene ndinapita kwa dokotala ndili ndi zaka 19 [. . .], adandipatsa mankhwala a Viagra ndipo anati [vuto langa] linali nkhawa yokhudza momwe ndimagwirira ntchito. Nthawi zina zinkagwira ntchito, ndipo nthawi zina sizinkagwira ntchito. Kafukufuku wanga ndi kuwerenga kwake kunandisonyeza kuti vuto linali zolaula [. . .] Ngati ndipita kwa dokotala ndili mwana ndipo adandipatsa mapiritsi abuluu, ndimamva ngati palibe amene akulankhula za izi. Ayenera kufunsa za momwe ndimagwiritsira ntchito zolaula, osati kundipatsa Viagra. (23, Middle-Eastern, Wophunzira)

Chifukwa cha zomwe adakumana nazo, Michael sanabwererenso kwa dokotala uja ndipo anayamba kufufuza payekha pa intaneti. Pomaliza pake adapeza nkhani yokhudza mwamuna wazaka ngati zake yemwe akufotokoza za vuto lofanana ndi limeneli, zomwe zidamupangitsa kuganizira za zolaula ngati zomwe zingamuthandize. Atayesetsa kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, mavuto ake okhudzana ndi vuto la kugonana anayamba kuchepa. Ananenanso kuti ngakhale kuti nthawi zonse zomwe ankachita maliseche sizinachepe, ankangoonera zolaula pafupifupi theka la nthawi zimenezo. Mwa kuchepetsa nthawi zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito maliseche ndi zolaula, Michael adati adatha kusintha kwambiri mphamvu zake zogonana akamagonana ndi akazi.

Phillip, monga Michael, anapempha thandizo pa vuto lina la kugonana lokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Pankhani yake, vuto linali kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana . Atalankhula ndi dokotala wake za vuto lake komanso kugwirizana kwake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, dokotalayo akuti analibe chochita ndipo m'malo mwake adamutumiza kwa katswiri wodziwa za kubereka wamwamuna:

Phillip: Ndinapita kwa dokotala wa ana ndipo ananditumiza kwa dokotala yemwe sindinkakhulupirira kuti anali wothandiza kwambiri. Sanandipatse yankho ndipo sanali kunditenga mozama. Ndinamulipira jakisoni wa testosterone kwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo inali $100 jakisoni, ndipo sizinathandize chilichonse . Imeneyo inali njira yawo yothetsera vuto langa logonana. Sindikuganiza kuti kukambirana kapena momwe zinthu zinalili zinali zokwanira. (29, Asian, Student)

Wofunsira: [Pofotokozera mfundo yomwe mudatchulayo, kodi izi ndi zomwe zakuchitikirani] zomwe zidakuletsani kufunafuna thandizo pambuyo pake?

Phillip: Yup.

Ma GPs ndi akatswiri omwe anafunsidwa ndi omwe adatenga nawo mbali akuwoneka kuti amangopereka mayankho a biomedical, njira yomwe yatsutsidwa m'mabuku (Tiefer, 1996). Chifukwa chake, chithandizo ndi chithandizo chomwe amunawa adatha kulandira kuchokera kwa a GP awo sichimangowonedwa kuti ndi chokwanira, komanso chinawapangitsa kuti asapeze thandizo la akatswiri. Ngakhale mayankho a biomedical akuwoneka kuti ndi yankho lotchuka kwambiri kwa madotolo (Potts, Grace, Gavey, & Vares, 2004), njira yodziwikiratu yokhudzana ndi kasitomala ikufunika, popeza zomwe anthu akuwunikira mwina ndizam'maganizo ndipo mwina zimapangidwa ndi zolaula gwiritsani.

Mmene Kudziletsa Kumakhudzira Zokonda (2016) [Zotsatira zoyambirira] - Zowonjezera kuchokera muchidule:

Zotsatira za Wave Woyamba - Zotsatira Zazikulu

Kutalika kwa gulu lalitali kwambiri la streak omwe adachitapo kanthu asanalowe nawo muzofukufuku zofanana ndi nthawi zomwe amakonda. Kafukufuku wachiwiri adzayankha funso ngati kudziletsa kwa nthawi yaitali kumapangitsa ophunzira kukhala otha kuchepetsa mphotho, kapena ngati odwala odwala ambiri angathe kuchita mitsinje yayitali.
Kutaya nthawi yaitali nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa chiopsezo chochepa (chomwe chili chabwino). Kafukufuku wachiwiri adzapereka umboni womaliza.
Chikhalidwe chikugwirizana ndi kutalika kwa streaks. Vuto lachiwiri lidzasonyeza ngati kudziletsa kumakhudza umunthu kapena ngati umunthu ukhoza kufotokoza kusiyana kwa kutalika kwa mitsinje.

Zotsatira za Wave Wachiwiri - Zotsatira Zazikulu

Kupewa zolaula ndi kuseweretsa maliseche kumapangitsa kuti muzitha kuchepetsa malipiro
Kuchita nawo nthawi ya kudziletsa kumapangitsa anthu kukhala okonzeka kuchita ngozi
Kudziletsa kumapangitsa anthu kukhala osasamala
Kudziletsa kumapangitsa kuti anthu azichita zinthu monyanyira, mosamala, komanso mosaganizira kwambiri

Chikondi Chimene Sichikhalitsa: Zolaula Zogwiritsira Ntchito ndi Kudzipereka Kwambiri kwa Wokondedwa Wanu Wachikondi (2012)

Ophunzira sankafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula (masabata okha a 3). Poyerekeza magulu awiriwa, anthu omwe adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula adanena kuti ndi otsika kwambiri kusiyana ndi kulamulira anthu. N'chiyani chingachitike ngati atasiya miyezi 3 mmalo mwa masabata a 3? Zowonjezera:

Tinafufuza ngati zolaula zimakhudza chibwenzi, ndi kuyembekezera kuti mapulogalamu apamwamba owonetsa zolaula angagwirizane ndi kuchepa kwa kudzipereka kwaukwati wachikulire.

Phunziro 1 ( n = 367) linapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zolaula kunali kogwirizana ndi kudzipereka kochepa, ndipo

Phunziro lachiwiri ( n = 34) linabwereza zomwe zapezekazi pogwiritsa ntchito deta yowonera.

[Ndipo mu] Phunziro 3 ( n = 20) ophunzira adapatsidwa mwachisawawa kuti asamaonere zolaula kapena kuchita ntchito yodziletsa. Anthu omwe adapitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula adanena kuti anali ndi kudzipereka kochepa poyerekeza ndi omwe adatenga nawo mbali pakulamulira.

Njirayi inathandizira kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa zolaula zolaula kwa nthawi ya phunziro la masabata atatu, komabe sizinalepheretse ophunzira kuti apitirizebe kumwa. Lingaliro lathu linalimbikitsidwa pamene otsogolera pa zolaula zogwiritsira ntchito zolaula adawonetsa kuchepa kwa kudzipereka poyerekeza ndi ophunzira pakupewa zolaula.

Kugulitsa Pambuyo Panthawi Zokondweretsa: Zithunzi Zolaula Ntchito ndi Kutaya Kupeza (2015)

Kuyamba kwa pepala:

Zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti ndimakampani opanga mabiliyoni ambiri omwe akupezeka mosavuta. Kuchotsera mochedwa kumaphatikizapo kutsika pamtengo waukulu, pambuyo pake kulandira mphotho zazing'ono, zomwe zingachitike mwachangu. Kukhazikika kwanthawi zonse komanso kutsogola kwa zoyipa zakugonana monga mphotho zamphamvu zachilengedwe zimapangitsa kuti zolaula za pa intaneti zikhale zoyambitsa mphotho muubongo, potero zimakhala ndi tanthauzo pakupanga zisankho. Kutengera maphunziro a chiphunzitso cha psychology ndi neuroeconomics, kafukufuku awiri adayesa lingaliro loti kuwonera zolaula pa intaneti kumakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwakuchedwa kuchotsera.

Phunzirani 1 ntchito yopanga utoto wautali. Ophunzirawo adamaliza zolaula amagwiritsa ntchito mafunso komanso ntchito yowonongeka ku Time 1 ndipo kenaka patatha milungu inayi. Otsatira omwe akuwonetsa zolaula zoyambirira zikugwiritsidwa ntchito akuwonetsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa chiwongoladzanja pa Time 2, kuyang'anira kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa.

Phunzirani 2 kuyesedwa mwachidwi ndi kapangidwe koyesera. Ophunzirawo anapatsidwa mwayi wopewera zakudya zomwe amakonda kapena zolaula kwa milungu itatu. Ophunzira omwe adapewa zolaula amagwiritsa ntchito kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kusiyana ndi ophunzira omwe adasiya zakudya zomwe amakonda. Zomwe akupezazi zikusonyeza kuti zolaula pa intaneti ndi mphoto ya kugonana yomwe imapangitsa kuchedwa kuchotsa mosiyana kusiyana ndi mphoto zina zachilengedwe. Maphunziro a zokhudzana ndi maphunzirowa akufotokozedwa.

Pepala ili lili ndi maphunziro awiri a nthawi yayitali ofufuza zotsatira za zolaula pa intaneti pa "kuchepetsa kuchedwa." Kuchepetsa kuchedwa kumachitika pamene anthu amasankha madola khumi pakali pano m'malo mwa madola 20 pa sabata. Ndi kulephera kuchedwetsa kukhutira nthawi yomweyo kuti apeze mphotho yamtengo wapatali mtsogolo.

Taganizirani za kuyesera kotchuka kwa marshmallow ku Stanford , komwe ana azaka 4 ndi 5 adauzidwa kuti ngati achedwa kudya marshmallow yawo imodzi pamene wofufuzayo akutuluka, adzapatsidwa marshmallow yachiwiri wofufuzayo akabweranso. Onerani kanema woseketsa uyu wa ana omwe akulimbana ndi chisankho ichi.

Kafukufuku woyamba (wazaka zapakati pa 20) adagwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa anthu omwe adakumana nawo ndi zigoli zawo pantchito yochedwetsa kukhutitsidwa. Zotsatira zake:

Pamene anthu omwe adatenga nawo mbali adaonera zolaula zambiri, adawona kuti mphotho zamtsogolo ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi mphotho za nthawi yomweyo , ngakhale kuti mphotho zamtsogolo zinali zofunika kwambiri.

Mwachidule, zolaula zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochepa zochepetsera kukondweretsa mphoto zazikulu zamtsogolo. Pa gawo lachiwiri la kafukufuku omwe adafufuzanso nkhani zomwe zinachedwa kuchepetsa masabata a 4 kenako ndikugwirizana ndi zolaula zawo.

Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti kupitiriza kuonera zolaula nthawi yomweyo kukugwirizana ndi kuchedwetsa kwakukulu pakapita nthawi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mobwerezabwereza kunapangitsa kuti kuchotsera kwakukulu kuchedwetsedwe patatha milungu inayi. Izi zikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumayambitsa kufooka kwa luso lochedwetsa kukhutitsidwa, m'malo molephera kuchedwetsa kukhutitsidwa komwe kumabweretsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Kafukufuku wachiwiri adapangitsa izi kukhala zomveka.

Kafukufuku wachiwiri (wazaka zapakati pa 19) adachitika kuti awone ngati kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumayambitsa kuchepetsedwa mtengo, kapena kulephera kuchedwetsa kukhutira. Ofufuza adagawa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula m'magulu awiri:

Gulu limodzi linapewa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa masabata a 3,
Gulu lina lachiwiri linasiya zakudya zomwe ankakonda masabata a 3.

Ophunzira onse anauzidwa kuti phunziroli linali lonena za kudziletsa, ndipo anasankhidwa mwachisawawa kuti asiye ntchito zawo.

Mbali yanzeru inali yoti ochita kafukufuku anali ndi gulu lachiwiri la ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuti asadye chakudya chomwe amakonda. Izi zidatsimikizira kuti 1) maphunziro onse omwe amachita kudziletsa, ndipo 2) zolaula zomwe gulu lachiwiri silinakhudzidwe.

Kumapeto kwa masabata atatu, ophunzirawo adagwira ntchito yowunikira kuchotsera kuchedwa. Mwachidule, ngakhale kuti "gulu lodziletsa la zolaula" silinawone zolaula zambiri kuposa "omwe amakonda kudya," ambiri sanapewe kuonera zolaula. Zotsatira zake:

Monga momwe zinanenedweratu, ophunzira omwe adadziletsa pa chilakolako chawo chofuna kuonera zolaula adasankha kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mphotho zazikulu, pambuyo pake poyerekeza ndi ophunzira omwe adadziletsa pakudya kwawo koma adapitilizabe kudya zolaula.

Gulu lomwe limachepetsa zolaula zawo kwa masabata a 3 silinachedwe kuchotsera kuposa gulu lomwe limakana chakudya chomwe amakonda. Mwachidule, kupewa zolaula pa intaneti kumawonjezera ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuti achedwetse kukhutira. Kuchokera pa kafukufukuyu:

Motero, poganizira zomwe zapezeka mu Phunziro 1 kwa nthawi yayitali, tawonetsa kuti kupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunkagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchedwetsa kuchedwa. Kuchita kudziletsa pa nkhani yogonana kunakhudza kwambiri kuchedwetsa kuchedwa kuposa kudziletsa pa chilakolako china chopatsa thanzi (monga kudya chakudya chomwe mumakonda).

Kutenga:

Sikunali kudziletsa komwe kumawonjezera kuthekera kwakuchedwetsa kukhutitsidwa. Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.
Zolaula za pa Intaneti ndizochititsa chidwi kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti, ngakhale osakhala osokoneza bongo, kumakhala ndi zotsatira za nthawi yaitali.

Kodi chofunikira ndikuti kuchotsera kuchotsera (kutha kuchedwetsa kukhutitsidwa)? Kuchedwetsa kuchotsera kumalumikizidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kutchova juga mopitirira muyeso, machitidwe achiwerewere oopsa komanso chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti.

Kubwerera ku "kuyesera kwa marshmallow" kwa 1972: Ofufuza adanena kuti ana omwe anali okonzeka kuchedwa kukhutitsidwa ndipo ankayembekezera kulandira marshmallow yachiwiri anali ndi zigoli zapamwamba za SAT (aptitude), kuchuluka kochepa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mwayi wochepa wa kunenepa kwambiri, mayankho abwino ku nkhawa, luso labwino locheza ndi anthu monga momwe makolo awo adanenera, komanso zigoli zabwino kwambiri m'njira zina zosiyanasiyana za moyo (maphunziro otsatira apa , apa , ndi apa ). Kutha kuchedwa kukhutitsidwa kunali kofunikira kwambiri kuti munthu apambane m'moyo.

Kafukufukuyu amatembenuza zonse pamutu pake. Pomwe kafukufuku wa marshmallow akulozera kuthekera kochedwetsa kukhutitsidwa ngati chinthu chosasinthika, kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti ndimadzimadzi, pamlingo winawake. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu sizinali chinthu chofunikira. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kumakhudza nkhani zomwe zingachedwetse kukhutira. Kuchokera pa kafukufukuyu:

"Zotsatira zathu zalimbitsanso zomwe tapeza kuti kusiyana kwakuchedwa kuchotsera makamaka kumachitika chifukwa cha machitidwe osati malingaliro amtundu."

Motero,

"Ngakhale kutukuka komanso kubadwa kwazinthu zitha kutenga gawo lalikulu pakuchepetsa mtima komanso kuzengereza, machitidwe ndi mtundu wa zoyambitsa komanso mphotho zimathandizanso kukulitsa zizolowezi zoterezi."

Mfundo ziwiri zofunika: 1) anthu omwe adafunsidwa sanapemphedwe kuti apewe maliseche kapena kugonana - zolaula zokha, ndi 2) anthu omwe adafunsidwawo sanali ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso kapena osokoneza bongo. Zomwe zapezekazi zikuwonetsa momveka bwino kuti zolaula za pa intaneti ndi chinthu chapadera komanso champhamvu kwambiri , chomwe chingathe kusintha zomwe ofufuza ankaganiza kuti ndi khalidwe lachibadwa. Kuchokera mu kafukufukuyu:

"Zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti ndi mphotho yakugonana yomwe imathandizira kuchedwetsa kuchotsera mosiyana ndi mphotho zina zachilengedwe, ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito sikokakamiza kapena kosokoneza bongo. Kafukufukuyu akuthandizira kwambiri, kuwonetsa kuti zotsatira zake zimangodutsa kudzutsa kwakanthawi. ”

Monga momwe zikwizikwi za anthu oyambitsanso [ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe amayesa kusiya zolaula] zavumbulira, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kungakhudze zambiri kuposa kugonana kwa munthu. Kuchokera pa mfundo ya kafukufukuyu:

"Kuonera zolaula kungapereke chisangalalo chogonana nthawi yomweyo koma kungakhale ndi zotsatira zomwe zimadutsa ndikukhudza madera ena a moyo wa munthu, makamaka maubwenzi. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuwona zolaula ngati njira yapadera yolimbikitsira maphunziro a mphotho, chilakolako, ndi kuledzera ndikugwiritsa ntchito izi moyenera pakuchiza munthu payekha komanso ubale ."

Phunziroli lilinso ndi zokambirana zothandiza pantchito ya dopamine ndi machitidwe oyendetsedwa ndi chidwi. Kuphatikiza apo, imapereka kafukufuku wambiri pazifukwa zakugonana ndi njira zapaintaneti (zachilendo zonse) zimafuna kulingalira mwapadera. Mwa chisinthiko, mwayi wopulumuka wochotsera kuchotsera chilakolako chogonana ungakhale kulimbikitsa nyama kuti '' zitenge pakukula, '' ndikupatsirana chibadwa chawo.

Monga ofufuza adati,

"Zithunzi zolaula palokha zitha kukhala zopanda vuto koma, tikapatsidwa zomwe tikudziwa za mphotho ndi kukula kwa kugonana monga mphotho yachilengedwe komanso chisonkhezero chowoneka bwino, imakhalanso ndi chizolowezi chomangokhala osokoneza bongo."

Ofufuzawa ananeneratu kuti zolaula zingapangitse zifukwa za 3 kuti:

Zofuna zogonana zingakhale zamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo zakhudzana ndi kukhudzidwa mu kafukufuku wakale
Kuonera zithunzi zolaula kumakhala kosavuta kumenyana kwenikweni, kungakhale kozoloŵera, ndipo munthu amene ali ndi vutoli akhoza kukhala wosangalala
Zosangalatsa zonse za intaneti zingachititse kubwereza mobwerezabwereza ndi kuzoloŵera (kuchepa kuchitapo kanthu, kuyendetsa chosowa cholimbikitsa)

Pomaliza, popeza nkhani zambiri zinali zidakali zaunyamata, pali kukambirana mwachidule momwe achinyamata angakhalire pachiwopsezo chapadera cha zotsatira za zolaula pa intaneti.

"Ponena za zitsanzo zamakono za ophunzira aku koleji (azaka zapakati pa 19 ndi 20), ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti, mwachilengedwe, unyamata umafikira pafupifupi zaka 25. Achinyamata amawonetsa chidwi chochulukirapo komanso samadana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka, kuwapangitsa kukhala ochulukirapo atengeke. ”

Gawo # 2: Maphunziro a kutalika:

Anyamata akunyamata akuyang'ana pa zolaula pa intaneti: Maubwenzi kuti atchule nthawi, kufunafuna, ndi kuphunzitsa maphunziro (2014)

Kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kunatsatiridwa ndi kuchepa kwa maphunziro. Chidule:

Kafukufuku wa mafunde awiriwa cholinga chake chinali kuyesa chitsanzo chophatikizana mwa anyamata achichepere (zaka zapakati = 14.10; N = 325) chomwe (a) chimafotokoza za kuwonetsedwa kwawo ku zolaula pa intaneti poyang'ana ubale ndi nthawi ya ubwana ndi kufunafuna malingaliro, ndi (b) kufufuza zotsatira zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha kuwonetsedwa kwawo ku zolaula pa intaneti chifukwa cha ntchito yawo yamaphunziro. Chitsanzo cha njira yophatikizana chinasonyeza kuti nthawi ya ubwana ndi kufunafuna malingaliro kunaneneratu kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Anyamata omwe ali ndi gawo lapamwamba la ubwana ndi anyamata omwe ali ndi malingaliro ambiri ofuna zolaula pa intaneti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zolaula pa intaneti kunachepetsa magwiridwe antchito a anyamata pamaphunziro miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pake. Kukambiranaku kumayang'ana kwambiri zotsatira za chitsanzo chophatikiza ichi cha kafukufuku wamtsogolo pa zolaula pa intaneti.

Zimene Achinyamata Amasonyeza pa Nkhani Zogonana pa Intaneti Nkhani ndi Kukhutira Pagonana: Phunziro Lakale (2009)

Kuphunzira kwanthawi yaitali. Chidule:

Pakati pa Meyi 2006 ndi Meyi 2007, tinachita kafukufuku wa ma wave atatu pakati pa achinyamata 1,052 aku Dutch azaka zapakati pa 13-20. Kuyerekeza kwa kapangidwe ka zinthu kunawonetsa kuti kuwonetsedwa ku SEIM nthawi zonse kumachepetsa kukhutitsidwa kwa kugonana kwa achinyamata. Kukhutitsidwa kochepa kwa kugonana (mu Wave 2) kunawonjezeranso kugwiritsa ntchito SEIM (mu Wave 3) . Zotsatira za kuwonetsedwa ku SEIM pa kukhutitsidwa kwa kugonana sizinali zosiyana pakati pa achinyamata aamuna ndi aakazi.

Kodi Kuonera Zithunzi Zolaula Kumachepetsa Makhalidwe Abanja Panthaŵi? Umboni wochokera ku Longitudinal Data (2016)

Kafukufuku woyamba wa kutalika kwa gawo loyimirira la okwatirana. Idapeza zovuta zoyipa zakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pamkhalidwe wokhutira ndiukwati pakapita nthawi. Chidule:

Kafukufukuyu ndi woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito deta yodziwika bwino padziko lonse (2006-2012 Portraits of American Life Study) kuti aone ngati kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi kumakhudza ubwino wa ukwati pambuyo pake komanso ngati izi zimasinthidwa malinga ndi jenda. Kawirikawiri, anthu okwatirana omwe amaonera zolaula nthawi zambiri mu 2006 adanena kuti khalidwe la ukwati ndi lotsika kwambiri mu 2012, zomwe sizinkayang'anira khalidwe la ukwati wakale komanso zinthu zina zogwirizana nazo . Zotsatira za zithunzi sizinali kungosonyeza kusakhutira ndi moyo wogonana kapena kupanga zisankho za ukwati mu 2006. Ponena za mphamvu yeniyeni, kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mu 2006 kunali kwachiwiri kwamphamvu kwambiri komwe kunawonetsa khalidwe la ukwati mu 2012.

Mpaka pa Zithunzi Zimatipangitsa Kukhala Mbali? Zotsatira za Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Kutha kwa Banja, (2016)

Kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito gulu lomwe likuyimira gulu la General Social Survey lomwe lasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kwa anthu masauzande akulu ku America. Omwe anafunsidwa anafunsidwa katatu za momwe amaonera zolaula komanso maukwati awo - zaka ziwiri zilizonse kuyambira 2006-2010, 2008-2012, kapena 2010-2014. Zolemba:

Kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pakati pa mafunde a kafukufuku kunachulukitsa pafupifupi mwayi wa munthu wosudzulana pofika nthawi yotsatira ya kafukufuku, kuchoka pa 6 peresenti kufika pa 11 peresenti, ndipo pafupifupi katatu kwa akazi, kuchoka pa 6 peresenti kufika pa 16 peresenti. Zotsatira zathu zikusonyeza kuti kuonera zolaula, m'mikhalidwe ina ya anthu, kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoipa pa bata la banja.

Kuphatikiza apo, ofufuzawo adawona kuti omwe adayankha omwe adafunsidwa kuti ali ndi chisangalalo chokwatirana adachita gawo lofunikira pakuzindikira kukula kwa kuyanjana ndi zolaula zomwe zingachitike posudzulana. Mwa anthu omwe adanena kuti anali "osangalala kwambiri" muukwati wawo pamafunde oyamba, kuwonera zolaula zisanachitike kafukufukuyu adalumikizidwa ndikuwonjezeka kwakukulu - kuchokera pa 3% mpaka 12% - mwayi woti banja lithe posachedwa kafukufuku wotsatira uja.

Kuonera zolaula pa Intaneti ndi khalidwe la ubale: Kuphunzira kwa nthawi yaitali mkati ndi pakati pa zotsatira zothandizira kusintha, kukhutira ndi kugonana komanso zolaula zomwe zilipo pakati pa atsopano (2015)

Chidule cha phunziro ili lautali:

Deta yochokera ku zitsanzo zambiri za okwatirana kumene yasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito SEIM kuli ndi zotsatirapo zoipa kuposa zabwino kwa amuna ndi akazi. Chofunika kwambiri, kusintha kwa amuna kunachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito SEIM pakapita nthawi ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito SEIM kunachepetsa kusintha. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhutira kwambiri ndi kugonana kwa amuna kunaneneratu kuchepa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito SEIM kwa akazi awo chaka chimodzi pambuyo pake, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito SEIM kwa akazi sikunasinthe kukhutira kwa kugonana kwa amuna awo.

Zithunzi Zolaula Gwiritsani Ntchito Maanja ndi Kugawanika: Umboni Wochokera ku Two-Wave Panel Data (2017)

Chidule cha phunziro ili lautali:

Pogwiritsa ntchito deta yochokera mu 2006 ndi 2012 ya Portraits of American Life Study yodziwika bwino mdziko lonse, nkhaniyi idafufuza ngati anthu okwatirana aku America omwe adaonera zolaula mu 2006, kaya nthawi zonse kapena pafupipafupi, anali ndi mwayi wopeza kulekana kwa mabanja pofika chaka cha 2012. Kusanthula kwa binary logistic regression kunawonetsa kuti anthu okwatirana aku America omwe adaonera zolaula mu 2006 anali ndi mwayi wopitilira kawiri kuposa omwe sanawonere zolaula kuti apeze kulekana pofika chaka cha 2012, ngakhale atalamulira chisangalalo cha m'banja cha 2006 komanso kukhutira ndi kugonana komanso zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu . Komabe, ubale pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi komanso kulekana kwa mabanja unali wozungulira. Mwayi woti anthu okwatirana apatukane pofika chaka cha 2012 unakula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mu 2006 mpaka kufika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri kenako unachepa kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi kwambiri.

Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito N'zotheka Kwambiri Kugonana Kwachikondi? Umboni wochokera ku Longitudinal Data (2017)

Chidule cha phunziro ili lautali:

Kafukufukuyu adafufuza ngati anthu aku America omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, kaya nthawi zonse kapena mobwerezabwereza, amakonda kunena kuti akumana ndi kutha kwa chibwenzi pakapita nthawi. Deta ya nthawi yayitali idatengedwa kuchokera ku mafunde a 2006 ndi 2012 a Portraits of American Life Study yoyimira dziko lonse. Kusanthula kwa binary logistic regression kunawonetsa kuti anthu aku America omwe adaonera zolaula mu 2006 anali ndi mwayi wowirikiza kawiri kuposa omwe sanawonere zolaula kunena kuti adakumana ndi kutha kwa chibwenzi pofika chaka cha 2012, ngakhale atayang'anira zinthu zofunika monga momwe ubale wawo ulili mu 2006 ndi zina zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu . Kugwirizana kumeneku kunali kolimba kwambiri kwa amuna kuposa akazi komanso kwa anthu osakwatiwa aku America kuposa kwa anthu okwatirana aku America. Kusanthula kunawonetsanso ubale wolunjika pakati pa momwe anthu aku America amaonera zolaula nthawi zambiri mu 2006 ndi mwayi wawo wotha kutha pofika chaka cha 2012.

Kugwirizana pakati pa Kuwonetsera Kuonera Zolaula pa Intaneti, Maphunziro a Paganizo ndi Chilolezo Chogonana pakati pa achinyamata a ku Hong Kong Achinyamata Achichepere: Kuphunzira Kwambiri Kwambiri Kwambiri (2018)

Kuphunzira kwa nthawi yaitali kotereku kunapezeka kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kunakhudzana ndi kuvutika maganizo, kuchepetsa moyo wokhutira ndi kugonana. Zowonjezera:

Poyerekezera ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, zithunzi zolaula zogwiritsa ntchito pa Intaneti zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zizindikiro zowawa, ndipo zikugwirizana ndi maphunziro apitalo (monga Ma et al. 2018; Wolak et al. 2007). Achinyamata, omwe ankadzionetsera mwachisawawa zithunzi zolaula pa Intaneti, adanena zapamwamba kwambiri za chizindikiro chachisoni. Zotsatirazi zikugwirizana ndi maphunziro apitalo omwe amachititsa kuti ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito intaneti ikhale yosasokoneza, monga zizindikiro zachisoni (Nesi ndi Prinstein 2015; Primack et al. 2017; Zhao et al. 2017), kudzilemekeza (Apaolaza et al. 2013; Valkenburg et al. 2017), ndi kusungulumwa (Bonetti et al. 2010; Ma 2017). Kuwonjezera apo, phunziroli limapereka chithandizo cholimba cha zotsatira za nthawi yaitali za kuwonetsa mwachangu zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti pa kupsinjika kwa nthawi. Izi zikusonyeza kuti kuyang'ana koyambirira kuwonetsa zolaula kungawononge zizindikiro zachisoni m'zaka zaunyamata ....

Ubale wolakwika pakati pa kukhutira moyo ndi kuwonetsa zolaula pa intaneti zinali zogwirizana ndi maphunziro oyambirira (Peter ndi Valkenburg 2006; Ma et al 2018; Wolak et al. 2007). Phunziroli likuwonetsa kuti achinyamata omwe sakhutira kwambiri pamoyo wawo pa Wave 2 angawatsogolere kuti awonetsere mitundu yonse ya zolaula pa Wave 3.

Kafukufuku wamakono akuwonetsa zotsatira zotsatizana ndi zowonjezereka za chilolezo chogonana pa mitundu yonse yowonetsera zolaula pa intaneti. Monga momwe tinkayembekezera kuchokera ku kafukufuku wakale (Lo ndi Wei 2006; Brown ndi L'Engle 2009; Peter ndi Valkenburg 2006), achinyamata omwe amaloledwa kugonana amavomereza kuti ali ndi zithunzi zambiri zolaula

Gawo #3: Kuyesera kuwonetsa zolaula:

Zotsatira za Kusungunuka kwa Amuna Achichepere Kuwoneka Kwambiri kwa Akazi Amuna Kapena Akazi Amuna (1984)

Chidule:

Ophunzira achichepere achimuna adawonetsedwa (a) zochitika zachilengedwe kapena (b) akazi okongola poyerekeza ndi (c) akazi osakongola m'mikhalidwe yokopa chilakolako cha kugonana. Pambuyo pake, adawunika kukongola kwa atsikana awo ndikuwunika kukhutira kwawo ndi akazi awo. Pazithunzi za mawonekedwe okongola a thupi la bere lathyathyathya ndi matako odzaza ndi mphuno, kuwonekera kwa akazi okongola kunkachepetsa kukongola kwa akazi anzawo, pomwe kuwonekera kwa akazi osakongola kunkawonjezera kukongola kwawo. Pambuyo powonekera kwa akazi okongola, kukongola kwa akazi anzawo kunatsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kuyesedwa komwe kunapangidwa pambuyo powonekera kwa akazi osakongola; kukongola kumeneku kunatenga malo apakati pambuyo powonekera. Komabe, kusintha kwa kukongola kwa akazi sikunagwirizane ndi kusintha kwa kukhutira ndi akazi anzawo.

Zotsatira za Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula Zambiri Pakati pa Makhalidwe Abanja (1988)

Chidule:

Ophunzira achimuna ndi aakazi ndi osapulumutsidwa anadziwika ndi mavidiyo omwe ali ndi zithunzi zolaula zomwe si zachilendo kapena zosavomerezeka. Chiwonetsero chinali mu magawo ola lililonse mu masabata asanu otsatira. Mu sabata lachisanu ndi chiwiri, maphunziro adagwirizana nawo mosagwirizana ndi mabungwe a anthu komanso zosangalatsa zawo. Ukwati, mgwirizano wokondana, ndi nkhani zowonjezereka zinaweruzidwa pafunso lofunika kwambiri la funso-la-Marriage. Zomwe anapeza zikusonyeza kuti zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza.

Kuwonetsetsa kunayambitsa, pakati pazinthu zina, kuvomereza kwakukulu kwa kugonana koyambirira kapena kosakwatirana komanso kulekerera kwambiri kugonana kosagwirizana ndi anthu omwe ali pachibwenzi. Chimalimbikitsa chikhulupiliro chakuti chiwerewere ndi chachiwerewere ndi chachibadwa komanso kuti kuponderezedwa kwa chiwerewere kumawopsa. Chiwonetsero chimachepetsa kuyesa kwaukwati, kupanga chionetsero ichi kukhala chosafunika kwambiri komanso chosatheka kwambiri m'tsogolomu. Kuwonetsetsa kunachepetsanso chilakolako chokhala ndi ana komanso kulimbikitsa kuvomereza kulamulidwa kwa amuna komanso ukapolo wazimayi. Ndi zochepa zochepa, zotsatirazi zinali zunifolomu kwa amuna ndi akazi omwe anafunsidwa komanso kwa ophunzira komanso osaphunzira.

Zithunzi zolaula zokhudzana ndi kugonana (1988)

Chidule:

Ophunzira aamuna ndi aakazi komanso osaphunzira adawonetsedwa makanema owonetsa zolaula zofala, zopanda chiwawa kapena zinthu zopanda vuto. Kuwonetsedwa kwawo kunali mu magawo ola limodzi m'masabata asanu ndi limodzi otsatizana. Mu sabata lachisanu ndi chiwiri, ophunzirawo adachita nawo kafukufuku wosagwirizana pankhani ya mabungwe azachikhalidwe ndi zokhutiritsa zawo. [Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula] kunakhudza kwambiri kudziyesa kwa zomwe adakumana nazo pakugonana. Pambuyo poonera zolaula, ophunzirawo adanenanso kuti sakukhutira ndi anzawo apamtima—makamaka, ndi chikondi cha anzawowa, mawonekedwe awo, chidwi chawo chogonana, komanso momwe amachitira zogonana moyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, ophunzirawo adapereka kufunika kwakukulu kwa kugonana popanda kukhudzidwa ndi malingaliro. Zotsatirazi zinali zofanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi komanso anthu ambiri.

Chikoka cha anthu ambiri otchuka pa ziweruzo za alendo komanso okwatirana (1989)

Chidule:

Mu Kuyesera 2, amuna ndi akazi omwe adakumana ndi zolaula za amuna kapena akazi osiyana. Mu kafukufuku wachiwiri, panali kuyanjana kwa kugonana kwa anthu omwe adakumana nawo ndi vuto la chilakolako cha kugonana. Zotsatira zochepa za kuwonekera pakati pa kugonana zidapezeka kwa amuna okha omwe adakumana ndi maliseche a akazi. Amuna omwe adapeza kuti pakatikati pa kugonana kwa Playboy -type centerfolds anali osangalatsa kwambiri adadziona kuti sakonda akazi awo kwenikweni.

Kusinkhasinkha kwa zithunzi zojambula zithunzi kumapangitsa kuti ntchito yosamvetsetsa ikugwira ntchito (2013)

Asayansi aku Germany apeza kuti zolaula pa intaneti zimatha kuchepetsa kukumbukira kugwira ntchito . Mu kafukufukuyu wa zithunzi zolaula, anthu 28 athanzi adachita ntchito zokumbukira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zinayi zosiyanasiyana, chimodzi mwa izo chinali zolaula. Ophunzirawo adavoteranso zithunzi zolaula ponena za chilakolako chogonana komanso chilakolako chodziseweretsa maliseche asanayambe, komanso atangomaliza, kuwonetsa zithunzi zolaula. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti kukumbukira kugwira ntchito kunali koyipa kwambiri panthawi yowonera zolaula ndipo chilakolako chachikulu chidawonjezera kuchepa.

Kukumbukira ntchito ndi luso lokumbukira zambiri pamene mukuzigwiritsa ntchito pomaliza ntchito kapena kuthana ndi vuto. Mwachitsanzo, ndi luso lotha kusakaniza mfundo zosiyanasiyana pamene mukuchita vuto la masamu kapena kusunga anthu otchulidwa molunjika pamene mukuwerenga nkhani. Zimakuthandizani kukumbukira cholinga chanu, kupewa zosokoneza komanso kuletsa kusankha zinthu mopupuluma, kotero ndikofunikira kwambiri pophunzira ndi kukonzekera. Kafukufuku wokhazikika wapeza kuti zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi zimalepheretsa kukumbukira ntchito. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, anthu oledzera omwe adaphunzira mwezi umodzi kuti akonze kukumbukira ntchito adawona kuchepa kwa kumwa mowa komanso zigoli zabwino pa kukumbukira ntchito. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kukonza kukumbukira ntchito kumawoneka kuti kumalimbitsa kulamulira kupupuluma . Chidule:

Anthu ena amafotokoza mavuto panthawi yogonana pa intaneti ndi pambuyo, monga kusowa tulo ndikuiwala mayina, omwe amakhudzidwa ndi zotsatira zoipa za moyo. Njira imodzi yomwe ingabweretse mavuto amenewa ndikuti kugonana pa nthawi yogonana pa Intaneti kungasokoneze mphamvu ya kukumbukira ntchito (WM), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kunyalanyaza zinthu zowonongeka kwazomwe zimapangidwira zachilengedwe komanso kusokoneza chisankho. Zotsatira zinawonetsa zovuta kwambiri za WM kuchithunzi cha zithunzi zolaula za ntchito ya 4-kumbuyo poyerekeza ndi zinthu zitatu zotsalira. Zakafukufuku zafotokozedwa potsata kuledzera kwa intaneti chifukwa chakuti kulephera kwa WM ndi zida zokhudzana ndi chizoloŵezi cha mankhwala oledzeretsa zimadziwika bwino kuchokera kuzinthu zowonongeka.

Zosakaniza Zojambula Zogonana Ndizochita Zosankha Zokhumudwitsa (2013)

Kafukufuku adapeza kuti kuwonera zithunzi zolaula kunasokoneza chisankho popanga mayeso ozindikira. Izi zikusonyeza kuti zolaula zingakhudze magwiridwe antchito, omwe ndi maluso amisala omwe amakuthandizani kuti muchite bwino. Maluso awa amalamulidwa ndi gawo laubongo lotchedwa preortal cortex. Chidule:

Kuchita zisankho kunali koipa kwambiri pamene zithunzi zachiwerewere zimagwiridwa ndi mapepala osokoneza mapepala poyerekeza ndi zomwe zimachitika pamene zithunzi zogonana zogwirizana ndi zopindulitsa. Kugonjera kugonana kwachangu kunayambitsa mgwirizano pakati pa chikhalidwe cha ntchito ndi kupanga kupanga chisankho. Phunziroli likugogomezera kuti kukakamiza kugonana kumasokoneza kupanga chisankho, chomwe chikhoza kufotokoza chifukwa chake anthu ena amakumana ndi zotsatira zoipa pa nkhani yogwiritsira ntchito pa Intaneti.

Kupitirizabe kuonera zolaula? Kugwiritsira ntchito mosamala kapena kusasamala za kugonana kwa pa Intaneti pazinthu zambirimbiri zikugwirizana ndi zizindikiro za kugonana kwa pa Intaneti (2015)

Anthu omwe ali ndi chizoloŵezi chokwanira pa zolaula amachita zovuta kwambiri ntchito zoyendetsa ntchito (zomwe zili pansi pa kampani yamakono). Zina mwazidule:

Tidafufuza ngati chizolowezi chomwe chimakonda kugwiritsa ntchito bongo pa cybersex chimaphatikizidwa ndi zovuta pakupititsa chiwonetsero chazidziwitso pazinthu zambiri zomwe zimaphatikizapo zithunzi zolaula. Tidagwiritsa ntchito njira zambiri zomwe anthu anali ndi cholinga chogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe sizimagwirizana ndi zolaula komanso zolaula. [Ndipo] tidapeza kuti omwe akutenga nawo mbali omwe ankakonda zodandaula za cybersex adasokera kwambiri pacholinga ichi.

Ntchito Yogwira Ntchito Yogonana Amuna Kapena Akazi Osagonana Pambuyo Pambuyo Pambuyo Pambuyo Pambuyo pa Kuonera Video Yowonongeka (Messina ndi al., 2017)

Kuonera zolaula kunakhudza magwiridwe antchito a akuluakulu mwa amuna omwe ali ndi "makhalidwe okakamiza kugonana," koma osati olamulira abwino. Kugwira ntchito molakwika kwa akuluakulu akakumana ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda osokoneza bongo (zomwe zikusonyeza kusintha kwa ma prefrontal circuits ndi sensitization ). Zidule:

Zomwe akupezazi zikuwonetseratu kusinthika kwa chidziwitso pambuyo pa kukondana ndi kugonana poyerekeza ndi anthu ogonana nawo. Deta iyi imachirikiza lingaliro lakuti amuna opondereza anzawo sagwiritse ntchito mwayi wophunzira kuchokera ku zochitika, zomwe zingachititse kusintha kusintha kwa khalidwe. Izi zikhoza kumvekanso monga kusowa kwa chidziwitso ndi gulu lochita zachiwerewere pamene adakakamizidwa kugonana, mofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika panthawi ya chiwerewere, zomwe zimayambira ndi kuchuluka kwa kugonana, potsatira chiwonetsero cha kugonana malemba komanso kenako, nthawi zambiri zokhudzana ndi zovuta.

Kuwonetsera Kulimbikitsa Kugonana Kumapangitsa Kulipira Kwambiri Kwambiri Kuwonjezeka Kwambiri mu Kugonjetsedwa Kwachinyengo pakati pa Amuna (Cheng & Chiou, 2017)

M'maphunziro awiri omwe adakumana ndi zovuta zakugonana zidapangitsa kuti: 1) kuchotsera kwakanthawi kochulukirapo (kulephera kuchedwetsa kukhutitsidwa), 2) chidwi chachikulu chofuna kuchita zachiwerewere, 3) chidwi chachikulu chogula zinthu zabodza ndikubera akaunti ya Facebook ya wina. Kuphatikizidwa pamodzi izi zikuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kumawonjezera kukhudzika ndipo kumatha kuchepetsa ntchito zina zazikulu (kudziletsa, kuweruza, kuwoneratu zotsatira zake, kudziletsa). Chidule:

Nthawi zambiri anthu amakumana ndi zolaula pa Intaneti. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kukakamiza kugonjetsa kugonana kungachititse kuti munthu asamangokhalira kuchita chidwi ndi amuna, monga momwe amachitira poyerekeza ndi nthawi yambiri (mwachitsanzo, chizoloŵezi chofuna kuchepa, kuchepa msanga kwa anthu akuluakulu, amtsogolo).

Pomalizira, zotsatira zamakono zimasonyeza kusonkhana pakati pa zolaula (mwachitsanzo, kuwonetsa zithunzi za akazi okongola kapena zovala zowononga zakugonana) ndi kuchitapo kanthu kwa amuna pa zolakwika za cyber. Zomwe tapeza zimasonyeza kuti kusayirira ndi kudziletsa kwa amuna, monga kuwonetseredwa ndi kuchotsera nthawi, kumakhala kolephera kuthetsa chilakolako chogonana. Amuna angapindule ndi kuwunika ngati zochitika zokhudzana ndi kugonana zimakhudzana ndi zosankha zawo ndi khalidwe lawo loipa. Zomwe tapeza zimasonyeza kuti kukomana ndi kugonana kungayesetse amuna pamsewu wa kuphulika kwa cyber

Zotsatira zamakono zikusonyeza kuti kupezeka kwapamwamba kwa zolaula pa Intaneti kungakhale koyenderana kwambiri ndi khalidwe lachinyengo la amuna kuposa momwe timaganizira poyamba.

Kafukufuku Wapaintaneti & Kanema Kuwonetsa kapena Kuwonetsa Zoyambitsa:

Kulankhulana kwa pa Intaneti, kugwiritsira ntchito pa intaneti, komanso maganizo abwino pakati pa achinyamata: Kuphunzira kwa nthawi yaitali. (2008)

Kuphunzira kwanthawi yaitali. Zowonjezera:

Kafukufukuyu adafufuza ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kulumikizana kwa achinyamata pa intaneti ndi kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mokakamiza, kuvutika maganizo, ndi kusungulumwa. Kafukufukuyu anali ndi kapangidwe ka mafunde awiri kotalika komwe kali ndi nthawi ya miyezi 6. Chitsanzocho chinali ndi ophunzira 663, amuna 318 ndi akazi 345, azaka zapakati pa 12 ndi 15. Mafunso adaperekedwa mkalasi. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mauthenga nthawi yomweyo ndi kucheza m'zipinda zochezera zinali zogwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mokakamiza miyezi 6 pambuyo pake. Kuphatikiza apo, mogwirizana ndi kafukufuku wodziwika bwino wa HomeNet (R. Kraut et al., 1998), kugwiritsa ntchito mauthenga nthawi yomweyo kunali kogwirizana ndi kuvutika maganizo miyezi 6 pambuyo pake. Pomaliza, kusungulumwa kunali kogwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mauthenga nthawi yomweyo miyezi 6 pambuyo pake.

Mmene Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Intaneti Pachilombo cha Achinyamata (2010)

Chimodzi mwa maphunziro oyambirira kuti aone antchito a pa Intaneti pa nthawi. Phunziro linanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kumayambitsa vuto la achinyamata. Zowonjezera:

Kufufuza zotsatira za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa intaneti pa umoyo waumphawi, kuphatikizapo nkhawa ndi kupsinjika maganizo, kwa achinyamata ku China. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti molakwika kumawononga thanzi la achinyamata.

ZOKHUDZA: Kufufuza komwe kudzachitike ndi gulu lopangidwa mwadzidzidzi kuchokera kwa anthu.

OPHUNZIRA: Achinyamata azaka zapakati pa 13 ndi 18.

ZOKHUDZA: Pambuyo posintha zinthu zomwe zingasokoneze, chiopsezo cha kuvutika maganizo kwa iwo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti molakwika chinali pafupifupi nthawi 21⁄2 kuposa cha iwo omwe sanawonetse machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito intaneti molakwika. Palibe ubale wofunikira pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti molakwika ndi nkhawa pambuyo potsatira zomwe zidawonedwa.

Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti achinyamata omwe poyamba sakhala ndi matenda a m'maganizo koma amagwiritsa ntchito Intaneti pathologically akhoza kukhala ndi maganizo ovutika maganizo. Zotsatirazi zimakhala ndi zotsatira zachindunji popewera matenda a m'maganizo kwa achinyamata, makamaka m'mayiko osauka.

Precursor kapena Sequela: Kusokonezeka kwa Pathological kwa Anthu omwe ali ndi Internet Addiction Disorder (2011)

Phunziro lapadera. Ikutsatira ophunzira aku yunivesite yoyamba chaka chotsatira kuti adziwe kuti ndi kuchuluka kotani komwe kumayamba kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, ndipo ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zingachitike. Mbali yapadera ndikuti maphunziro omwe anali nawo sanagwiritse ntchito intaneti asanalembetse ku koleji. Zovuta kukhulupirira. Pambuyo pa chaka chimodzi chokha kusukulu, ochepa mwa iwo adasankhidwa kukhala osokoneza bongo pa intaneti. Iwo omwe adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti anali oyamba mwakuya kwambiri, komabe anali ocheperako pazovuta zakukhumudwa, komanso chidani. Zolemba:

Kafukufukuyu adafuna kuti azindikire zomwe zimachititsa kuti matendawa asawonongeke pa Intaneti komanso kuti adziwe mavuto omwe ali nawo mu IAD komanso kuti adziwe kuti ali ndi vuto la matenda osokoneza bongo.

Njira ndi Zofufuza

Ophunzira 59 adayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito Symptom Check List-90 asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti komanso atatha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Kuyerekeza deta yosonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku Symptom Checklist-90 asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti komanso deta yomwe idasonkhanitsidwa pambuyo pa kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kunawonetsa udindo wa matenda amisala pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mopitirira muyeso. Kuchuluka kwa kukakamizidwa ndi zinthu zina kunapezeka kuti sikunali kwachilendo asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mopitirira muyeso. Pambuyo pa chizolowezi chawo, zigoli zapamwamba kwambiri zidawonedwa pamlingo wa kuvutika maganizo, nkhawa, udani, kukhudzidwa ndi anthu, komanso psychoticism, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti izi zinali zotsatira za vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mopitirira muyeso. Kuchuluka kwa kusokonezeka kwa umunthu, malingaliro oopa, ndi nkhawa yoopa anthu sizinasinthe panthawi yophunzira, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti miyeso iyi si yogwirizana ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mopitirira muyeso.

Mawuwo

Sitingapeze njira yodziwira matenda a chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti molakwika. Matenda a chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti molakwika angayambitse mavuto ena kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti molakwika m'njira zina.

Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndi yakuti chizolowezi cha pa intaneti chikuwoneka kuti chayambitsa kusintha kwa khalidwe ndi malingaliro. Kuchokera mu kafukufukuyu:

Pambuyo pokhala ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti, ziwerengero zapamwamba kwambiri zidawonedwa pamlingo wa kupsinjika maganizo, nkhawa, udani, kukhudzidwa ndi anthu, komanso psychoticism , zomwe zikusonyeza kuti izi zinali zotsatira za vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti molakwika.

Sitingapezeko vuto lothetsera matenda osokoneza bongo pa intaneti. Matenda osokoneza bongo pa intaneti angabweretse mavuto ena omwe amachititsa anthu kukhala osokonezeka.

Zotsatira za Ufulu Wotsatsa Mavidiyo pa Achinyamata Achichepere Akugwira Ntchito Yophunzira ndi Kuchita: Phunziro Loyendetsedwa, Loyang'aniridwa (2010)

Anyamata omwe adalandira masewera a pakompyuta amakumana ndi kuchepa kwa zigoli zawo zowerenga ndi kulemba.

Pambuyo poyesa ndondomeko yoyamba ya maphunziro a anyamata komanso khalidwe la aphunzitsi ndi aphunzitsi, anyamata anapatsidwa mwayi wokalandira masewero a masewerawo nthawi yomweyo kapena kulandira masewero a masewerowa pambuyo pa kuwunika, pambuyo pa miyezi ya 4. Anyamata omwe adalandira dongosolo nthawi yomweyo amatha kusewera masewera a pakompyuta komanso nthawi yochepa yopanga maphunziro a sukulu kusiyana ndi kuyerekezera ana.

Anyamata omwe analandira dongosolo nthawi yomweyo anali ndi zochepa zowerenga ndi kulemba zambiri komanso aphunzitsi ambiri-anapeza mavuto ophunzirira pakutsatira kuposa kuyerekezera ana. Zomwe masewero osewerera masewera a pakompyuta amavomereza mgwirizano pakati pa umwini wa masewero a kanema ndi zotsatira za maphunziro. Zotsatira zimapereka umboni wosonyeza kuti masewera a pakompyuta amatha kuchotsa ntchito zam'sukulu zam'mbuyo zomwe zimapindulitsa maphunziro ndipo zingasokoneze chitukuko cha kuŵerenga ndi kulemba luso kwa ana ena.

Kugwirizana kwa ubongo wolakalaka masewera a pa Intaneti pansi pa zochitika pamasewera omwe ali ndi vuto la kusewera pa Intaneti ndi maphunziro (2011)

Mosiyana ndi maphunziro ambiri, izi zinaphatikizapo maulamuliro ndi ma intaneti pa chikhululukiro. Ochita kafukufuku anapeza kuti zinthu zomwe zimachitika pa intaneti zimakhala ndi njira zosiyana zowonongeka m'malo molamulidwa ndi anthu omwe kale ankawagwiritsa ntchito pa Intaneti. Ubongo wa Internet Addicts unasiyanasiyana ndi kulamulira ndi kubwezeretsedwa komwe kunayambitsa kusintha kwa kusintha kwa ubongo wokhudzana ndi mowa. Zowonjezera:

Kafukufukuyu cholinga chake chinali kuwunika momwe ubongo umakhudzira chilakolako chosewera masewera apaintaneti mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la masewera a pa intaneti (IGA), anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la IGA ndi zowongolera. Yankho la chilakolakocho linayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kogwirizana ndi zochitika za zithunzi zogwira ntchito zamaginito (fMRIs).

Mitu khumi ndi iwiri ndi IGA, 15 mu chikhululukiro kuchokera ku IGA ndi 15 maulamuliro analembedwera mu phunziro lino. Nkhanizo zinakonzedwa kuti ziwonere masewero a masewera ndi zithunzi zopanda ndale pofufuza za fMRIs. Zotsatira zake zinasonyeza kuti gulu la IGA lomwe linagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira masewera olimbitsa thupi (DLPFC), lokhazikika, linachoka pa parahippocampus.

Chigawo chawo chomwe chimakonda kwambiri chinalinso chogwirizana ndi chilakolako cha masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amachitika chifukwa cha kuwonekera kwa zizindikiro. Madera a ubongo omwe amachitika chifukwa cha chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo awa akuyimira dera la ubongo lomwe likugwirizana ndi momwe chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo chimagwirira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, zikusonyeza kuti njira ya IGA ndi yofanana ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kuphatikiza apo, gulu la IGA linali ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito kwambiri kuposa DLPFC yakumanja ndi parahippocampus yakumanzere kuposa gulu lochotsera. Madera awiriwa angakhale chizindikiro cha chizolowezi cha masewera a pa intaneti ndipo ayenera kufufuzidwa m'maphunziro amtsogolo.

Kusintha kwa P300 ndi malingaliro a khalidwe la chidziwitso pazochitika ndi matenda osokoneza bongo pa intaneti: Kuphunzira kwotsatira kwa mwezi wa 3 (2011)

Pambuyo pa miyezi ya 3 chithandizo cha EEG mawerengedwe pa intaneti omwe adakakamizidwa ndi intaneti anali atasintha kwambiri. Zowonjezera:

Zotsatira za kafukufuku waposachedwa wa ERPs mwa anthu omwe akudwala IAD zinali zogwirizana ndi zomwe zapezeka m'maphunziro am'mbuyomu a zizolowezi zina [17-20]. Makamaka, tapeza kuchepa kwa P300 amplitude ndi P300 latency yayitali mwa anthu omwe ali ndi machitidwe osokoneza bongo poyerekeza ndi owongolera athanzi. Zotsatirazi zikuthandizira lingaliro lakuti njira zofanana za matenda zimakhudzidwa ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana osokoneza bongo.

Chinthu china chachikulu chomwe chapezeka mu kafukufukuyu chinali chakuti kuchedwa kwa P300 koyamba kwa anthu omwe ali ndi IAD kunachepa kwambiri pambuyo pa CBT. Poganizira kusowa kwa maphunziro pa IAD kuphatikiza chithandizo ndi njira zotsatirira, mgwirizano pakati pa kuchedwa kwa P300 ndi chithandizo cha IAD mu chitsanzo chathu uyenera kutanthauziridwa mosamala. Kafukufuku wowonjezereka uyenera kuchitika kuti ubwereze zomwe zapezekazi, pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zazikulu ndi mitundu ina ya chithandizo. Kuchedwa kwa P300 kumaonedwa kuti kumapereka muyeso wa kugawa zinthu mosamala , ndipo kutalikitsa gawo la ERP ili kwakambidwa ngati chizindikiro cha njira zowononga mitsempha zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwa callosal ndi magwiridwe antchito a kufalikira kwa interhemispheric [22-23].

Zotsatira za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa magetsi kuphatikizapo kugwirizanitsa maganizo ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi zomwe zimachitika P300 ndi kusalongosoka kosayenera kwa odwala okhala ndi intaneti (2012)

Phunziro poyerekeza ndi zizindikiro za chithandizo cha 3 kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la intaneti. Zotsatira zosangalatsa:

Pambuyo masiku a 40 a chithandizo zonse zimakhala bwino kwambiri mu chidziwitso ntchito.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa intaneti kunali kotsika kwambiri m'magulu onse, ziribe kanthu mankhwala.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti ntchito yosazindikira ndi yosauka sikunalipo kale ndipo imakhala yabwino ndi kudziletsa. Zowonjezera:

CHOLINGA: Kuwona zotsatira za chithandizo chathunthu (CT) pogwiritsa ntchito electroacupuncture (EA) pamodzi ndi psycho-intervention (PI) pa ntchito yozindikira komanso zochitika zokhudzana ndi zochitika (ERP), P300 ndi mismatch negativity (MMN), mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la intaneti (IA ) kuti ayambe kufufuza njira yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza.

NJIRA: Odwala zana limodzi ndi makumi awiri omwe ali ndi IA adagawidwa mwachisawawa m'magulu atatu, ndipo anthu 112 onse adafika pakuwunika komaliza kwa mayesowo, gulu la EA (odwala 39), gulu la PI (odwala 36) ndi gulu la CT (odwala 37) . Njira yochizira odwala onse inali masiku 40. Kusintha kwa chithandizo chisanachitike komanso pambuyo pake pankhani ya kuwerengera ndi sikelo ya IA, mphamvu yokumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa, nthawi yokumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa, komanso nthawi yochedwa ndi kukula kwa P300 ndi MMN mwa odwala zidawonedwa.

ZOTSATILA: Pambuyo pa chithandizo, m'magulu onse, chiwerengero cha IA chinachepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yokumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa komanso nthawi yokumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa kunawonjezeka kwambiri , pomwe kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha IA m'gulu la CT kunali kofunikira kwambiri kuposa m'magulu ena awiri.

Anthu ogwiritsa ntchito Intaneti amagwirizana ndi vuto linalake koma osati khalidwe lopweteka (2013)

Kuledzera pa intaneti kumalumikizidwa ndi mayiko okhumudwitsa, koma osati ndimakhalidwe okhumudwitsa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kukhumudwa kumabwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito intaneti - sichinali chikhalidwe chomwe chidalipo kale. Zolemba:

Kafukufuku wamakono akufufuza mafunso atatu: (i) kaya ogwiritsira ntchito Intaneti akuwonetsa chisokonezo popanda khalidwe lopweteka; (ii) Zizindikiro zomwe zimagawanika pakati pa nkhanza za pa Intaneti ndi kuvutika maganizo; ndipo (iii) ndi makhalidwe ati omwe adawonetsedwa pa ophwanya Intaneti.

Amuna makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu asanu ndi anayi ndi amuna a 58 omwe ali ndi zaka 18-24 anayesedwa ndi Chen Internet Addiction Scale.

Zotsatira zaposachedwapa zikuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu pa intaneti akuwonetsa kuti akuvutika maganizo kwambiri kusiyana ndi anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito Intaneti pangozi ya Beck Depression Inventory-II. Komabe, anthu ogwiritsa ntchito Intaneti omwe amaika pangozi pangozi sanawonetsere khalidwe lopweteka mu Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito Intaneti mosavuta. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu pa Intaneti akuwonetsa dziko losautsa popanda khalidwe lopweteka.

MFUNDO ZOSINTHA: Poyerekeza zizindikiro za kuvutika maganizo ndi nkhanza pa intaneti, zinapezeka kuti anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti molakwika anali ndi njira zina zomwe zimafanana ndi kuvutika maganizo, kuphatikizapo zizindikiro za matenda amisala monga kutaya chidwi, khalidwe laukali, maganizo okhumudwa, ndi malingaliro odzimva kuti ndi olakwa. Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti molakwika akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kuvutika maganizo kwakanthawi koma osati khalidwe losatha la kuvutika maganizo.

Kuwonjezereka kwa kuvutika maganizo, chidani, ndi nkhawa pakati pa achinyamata pa intaneti: Achinyamata akuphunzira (2014)

Phunziroli linaphunzira ophunzira kwa chaka chimodzi kuyang'ana ma intaneti oledzeretsa ndi kuyesa kuvutika maganizo, chidani, ndi nkhawa za anthu. Ochita kafukufuku anapeza kuti kumwa mowa pa intaneti kumapangitsa kuti anthu azivutika maganizo, adzidwe, komanso asakhale ndi nkhawa, pomwe kukhululukidwa kwa intaneti kumachepetsa nkhawa, kudana, ndi nkhawa. Chifukwa ndi zotsatira, osati kungolumikizana. Zowonjezera:

Pa achinyamata ambiri padziko lonse, kuledzera kwa intaneti kuli kofala ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosautsa, kudana, komanso nkhawa za achinyamata. Phunziroli likuwongolera kuwonongeka kwa kupsinjika maganizo, chidani, ndi nkhaŵa za anthu panthawi yomwe amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kapena kuchotsa chizolowezi cha intaneti pakati pa achinyamata.

Kafukufukuyu adalemba achinyamata 2293 omwe ali mu giredi 7 kuti awone kupsinjika maganizo kwawo, udani, nkhawa za anthu komanso chizolowezi chawo pa intaneti. Kuyesa komweku kunabwerezedwanso chaka chimodzi pambuyo pake. Gulu la anthu omwe adapezeka ndi matendawa linafotokozedwa ngati anthu omwe sanamwe mowa mu mayeso oyamba komanso ngati anthu omwe adamwa mowa mu mayeso achiwiri. Gulu la anthu omwe adachotsedwa mu kafukufukuyu linafotokozedwa ngati anthu omwe adamwa mowa mu mayeso oyamba komanso ngati anthu omwe sanamwe mowa mu mayeso achiwiri.

Kusokonezeka maganizo ndi chidani chikuwonjezereka mu njira yaukali ya intaneti pakati pa achinyamata. Kuletsa kusokoneza intaneti kuyenera kuperekedwa kuti zisawononge zotsatira zake zoipa pa umoyo. Kusokonezeka maganizo, chidani, ndi nkhawa za chikhalidwe zinachepa panthawi ya kukhululukira. Ananena kuti zotsatira zoyipa zikhoza kusinthidwa ngati kuledzera kwa intaneti kungathetsedwe m'kanthawi kochepa.

Zovuta zenizeni zochiza matenda a masewera a intaneti (2014)

Zowonjezereka mu kugwirizanitsa kwa cortico-striater zinachitika patapita nthawi. Zowonjezera:

Kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) wasonyeza kuti palibe vuto mu cortico-limbic circuit mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la masewera a pa intaneti (IGD ). Tinaganiza kuti virtual reality therapy (VRT) ya IGD ingathandize kuti cortico-limbic circuit igwire bwino ntchito.

Mu Chipatala cha Chung-Ang University, achikulire 24 omwe ali ndi IGD ndi 12 ogwiritsa ntchito masewera wamba adalembedwa. Gulu la IGD lidasankhidwa mwachisawawa mgulu lazidziwitso zamankhwala (CBT) (N = 12) ndi gulu la VRT (N = 12). Kukula kwa IGD kunayesedwa ndi Young's Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS) nthawi isanakwane komanso itatha. Pogwiritsa ntchito kupumula kwa boma fMRI, kulumikizana kwantchito kuchokera kumtunda wa posterior cingate (PCC) kupita kumadera ena aubongo kudafufuzidwa.

Munthawi ya chithandizo, magulu onse a CBT ndi VRT adawonetsa kuchepa kwakukulu pa zigoli za YIAS. Poyambira, gulu la IGD lidawonetsa kuchepa kwa kulumikizana mu cortico-striatal-limbic circuit. Mu gulu la CBT, kulumikizana kuchokera ku mbewu ya PCC kupita ku bilateral lenticular nucleus ndi cerebellum kudawonjezeka panthawi ya 8-session CBT. Mu gulu la VRT, kulumikizana kuchokera ku mbewu ya PCC kupita ku left thalamus-frontal lobe-cerebellum kudawonjezeka panthawi ya 8-session VRT.

Kuchiza kwa IGD pogwiritsira ntchito VRT kunkawoneka kuti kulimbitsa mphamvu ya IGD, yomwe inkawonetseratu kuti imathandizira CBT, ndikuyendetsa kayendedwe ka cortico-striatal-limbic circuit.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti pa Mdima: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti Kwambiri, Kwambiri, Zizindikiro Zopweteka, Kusukulu ndi Kuchita Chidwi pakati pa Achinyamata Oyambirira ndi Ochedwa Adolescents (2016)

Kufufuza kwa nthawi yayitali kunapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mopitirira muyeso kungayambitse "kupsyinjika" komwe kumabweretsa kukhumudwa. Zolemba:

Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuda nkhawa kwakukula ndi moyo kusukulu komanso zovuta zomwe zingabwere chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwa ophunzira matekinoloje azachuma, mwachitsanzo, mafoni, makompyuta, media media, komanso intaneti. Nthawi yomweyo ndikuthandizira zochitika zachitukuko, kutenga nawo mbali pakompyuta kungayambitsenso machitidwe okakamiza komanso osokoneza bongo omwe amakhudza mavuto onse okhudzana ndi matenda amisala.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde awiri a data omwe adasonkhanitsidwa pakati pa achinyamata aku Finland okwana 1702 (53% akazi) oyambirira (zaka 12-14) ndi achinyamata aku Finland ochedwa (zaka 16-18), tinafufuza njira zodutsa pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mopitirira muyeso, kutenga nawo mbali kusukulu ndi kutopa, ndi zizindikiro za kuvutika maganizo.

Chitsanzo cha kapangidwe ka zinthu chinavumbula njira zolumikizirana pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mopitirira muyeso ndi kutopa kusukulu pakati pa magulu onse a achinyamata: kutopa kusukulu kunaneneratu kuti kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mopitirira muyeso pambuyo pake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mopitirira muyeso kunaneneratu kutopa kusukulu pambuyo pake. Njira zolumikizirana pakati pa kutopa kusukulu ndi zizindikiro za kukhumudwa zinapezekanso . Atsikana nthawi zambiri ankavutika ndi zizindikiro za kukhumudwa kuposa anyamata ndipo, kumapeto kwa unyamata, kutopa kusukulu. Anyamata nawonso, nthawi zambiri ankavutika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mopitirira muyeso. Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti, pakati pa achinyamata, kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mopitirira muyeso kungakhale chifukwa cha kutopa kusukulu komwe pambuyo pake kumatha kufalikira ku zizindikiro za kukhumudwa.

Zotsatira za chilakolako cholowererapo pazithunzithunzi za neural zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi chilakolako cha matenda a masewera a intaneti (2016)

Kuthetsa kusuta kwa intaneti kunachititsa kuti kuchepetsa kuledzeretsa kwachepetse pamodzi ndi kusintha kofanana kwa kusintha kwa ubongo wokhudzana ndi mowa. Zowonjezera:

Nkhani za IGD zinawonetsa kusintha kwa neural activation m'malo okhudzana ndi mphoto.

IGD nkhani zimachepetsa zizindikiro za IGD pambuyo pa CBI.

[Komanso] maphunziro a IGD adawonetsa kukhathamiritsa kwakukulu pambuyo pa CBI.

Nkhani za IGD zinkasonyeza kuchepa kwa insula-lingual gyrus / precuneus kulumikizana pambuyo CBI.

Matenda a masewera a intaneti (IGD) amadziwika ndi kulakalaka masewera a pa Intaneti ndi zofanana. Popeza kuti zokhudzana ndi chizoloŵezi choledzera zingayambitse kuwonjezeka m'madera a ubongo omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kutsitsimula ndi kupindula mphoto ndipo zingapangitse khalidwe la masewera kapena kuyambiranso kubwezeretsa, kukweza chilakolako chokhudzana ndi chizolowezi kungakhale cholinga chothandizira ku IGD. Kafukufukuyu anayerekezera kuwonetserana kwachitsulo pakati pa 40 IGD ndi maphunziro a 19 wathanzi (HC) panthawi yochita masewera otetezedwa ndi intaneti komanso kuwona kuti nkhani za IGD zinkasonyeza kuti zimakhala zolimba kwambiri m'madera ambiri a ubongo, kuphatikizapo dorsal striatum, brainstem, substantira nigra, ndi anterior makina othandizira, koma kuchepetsa kutsegula m'mbuyo mwa insula.

Kuphatikiza apo, anthu makumi awiri ndi atatu a IGD (CBI + gulu) adatenga nawo gawo mu gulu la craving behavioral intervention (CBI), pomwe anthu 17 otsala a IGD (CBI - gulu) sanalandire chithandizo chilichonse , ndipo anthu onse a IGD adasanthulidwa nthawi yofanana. Gulu la CBI + linawonetsa kuchepa kwa kuuma kwa IGD ndi chilakolako choyambitsidwa ndi cue, kukulitsa kuyambika kwa ntchito mu anterior insula ndikuchepetsa kulumikizana kwa insular ndi lingual gyrus ndi precuneus atalandira CBI. Zomwe zapezekazi zikusonyeza kuti CBI ndi yothandiza pochepetsa kulakalaka ndi kuuma kwa IGD, ndipo ingagwiritse ntchito zotsatira zake posintha kuyambika kwa insula ndi kulumikizana kwake ndi madera omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kukonza maso ndi chidwi.

Kusintha kwa umoyo wa moyo ndi chidziwitso ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kusewera pa intaneti: Kutsata kwa mwezi wa 6 (2016)

Pambuyo pa miyezi ya 6 yachipatala ma intaneti akusewera osewera amasonyeza kusintha kwakukulu kwa umoyo wa moyo, wogwira ntchito yogwira ntchito, wogwira ntchito kukumbukira, ndi kukhudzidwa. Zowonjezera:

Matenda a masewera a intaneti (IGD) amachititsa kuti moyo ukhale wosauka (QOL) komanso kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso ndipo akudziwika kuti ndi vuto lachikhalidwe m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Komabe, palibe umboni wokwanira kuti ngati QOL ndi kusagwirizana kwazinthu zowonjezereka zikukhazikika pakatha zoyenera. Phunziroli linaphatikizapo kusintha kwa QOL ndi ntchito yogwirizana ndi kusintha kwa chizoloŵezi cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Chiwerengero cha anyamata a 84 (IGD gulu: N = 44, zaka zenizeni: 19.159 ± 5.216 zaka; gulu loletsa thanzi: N = 40, zaka zenizeni: 21.375 ± 6.307 zaka) adagwira nawo phunziroli. Tidapereka mayankho a mafunso omwe timakhala nawo pamsinkhu woyambirira kuti tiwone machitidwe a zaumoyo ndi maganizo, ndipo tinayesa mayeso a chikhalidwe ndi makompyuta.

Odwala khumi ndi asanu ndi anayi omwe ali ndi IGD anamaliza mayesero amatsatiro omwe amatsatira pambuyo pa miyezi ya 6 ya kuchipatala, kuphatikizapo mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amatulutsa serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Kuyerekeza kwachilendo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi IGD motsutsana ndi gulu labwino lawonetsetsa kuti odwala a IGD anali ndi zizindikiro zambiri za kupsinjika maganizo ndi nkhaŵa, madigiri apamwamba a chipsinjo ndi mkwiyo / chiwawa, maulendo apamwamba a mavuto, a QOL osauka, ndi olephera kuyankha.

Pambuyo pa miyezi 6 ya chithandizo, odwala omwe ali ndi IGD adawonetsa kusintha kwakukulu pakukula kwa IGD, komanso mu QOL, kuletsa kuyankha, ndi magwiridwe antchito. Kuphatikiza apo, kusanthula kwa regression pang'onopang'ono kwawonetsa kuti odwala a IGD omwe ali ndi vuto losagwira ntchito bwino komanso ogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pamlingo woyambira anali ndi chiyembekezo chabwino kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto losagwira ntchito bwino komanso omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu pamlingo woyambira. Zotsatirazi zimapereka umboni wokhudza kusintha kwa nthawi yayitali mu QOL ndi ntchito yamaganizo pambuyo pa kulowererapo kwa matenda amisala kwa IGD. Kuphatikiza apo, zikuwoneka kuti kuletsa kuyankha kungakhale chizindikiro cha mkhalidwe womwe umayambitsa matenda a IGD.

Kugwira Mtima Kwambiri Kuletsa Kukonza Mavuto Ovuta Kuchita Masewera a pa Intaneti ndi Zopindulitsa (2017)

Nthawi yochepa ya kudziletsa imapangitsa kuchepetsa zizoloŵezi zozizira ndi zizindikiro. Zowonjezera:

ZOKHUDZA: Kuphunzira kwa woyendetsa ndegeyi kunayesa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yopezera kudziletsa kwa ola limodzi la 84-hours kuti asinthe malingaliro ovuta a masewera a pa Intaneti ndi makhalidwe

NJIRA: Ambiri akuluakulu makumi awiri ndi anayi ochokera kumaseŵera a masewera a pa Intaneti, kuphatikizapo 9 omwe adayang'ana bwino pa matenda a masewera a intaneti (IGD), adasiya masewera a intaneti pa maola a 84. Kafukufuku adasonkhanitsidwa pazomwe akuyambira, tsiku ndi tsiku pa nthawi ya kudziletsa, ndi tsiku lotsatira la 7 tsiku ndi 28

ZOKHUDZA: Kusiya kumwa mowa mwaufulu kwakanthawi kochepa kunathandiza kuchepetsa maola ambiri ochita masewera, kuzindikira masewera osokoneza bongo, ndi zizindikiro za IGD. Kusiya kumwa mowa kunali kovomerezeka kwambiri kwa ophunzira omwe anali ndi kutsatira kwathunthu komanso osasiya kuphunzira. Kusintha kwakukulu kwa zizindikiro za IGD kunachitika mwa 75% ya gulu la IGD patatha masiku 28. Kusintha kodalirika kwa kuzindikira masewera osokoneza bongo kunachitika mwa 63% ya gulu la IGD, omwe chiwerengero chawo cha kuzindikira chinachepa ndi 50% ndipo chinali chofanana ndi gulu lomwe silili la IGD patatha masiku 28.

MFUNDO ZOTHANDIZA: Ngakhale kuti pali zochepa zowonjezereka, phunziroli limapereka chithandizo chotsimikizika cha kudziletsa kwafupipafupi monga njira yosavuta, yothandiza, komanso yogwiritsira ntchito ndalama zochepetsera masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuchepetsa mavuto a masewera a intaneti.

Zotsatira za ma electro-acupuncture kuphatikizapo maganizo okhudza zizindikiro za m'maganizo ndi P50 ya zowonongeka zowonongeka kwa odwala okhala ndi intaneti kudwala matenda (2017)

Kuchiza kunachititsa kuchepetsa zizindikiro za maganizo, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi EEG kusintha. Zowonjezera:

ZOKHUDZA: Kuwona zotsatira zochiritsira za electro-acupuncture (EA) kuphatikizapo maganizo okhudzana ndi chizindikiro cha kusokonezeka maganizo kapena kutaya mtima ndi chizindikiro cha maganizo cha kupsinjika maganizo kapena nkhawa ndi P50 ya Auditory Evoked Potential (AEP) pa intaneti matenda ozunguza bongo (IAD).

NJIRA: Milandu 120 ya IAD inagawidwa mwachisawawa m'gulu la EA, gulu la psycho-intervention (PI) ndi gulu la comprehensive therapy (EA plus PI). Odwala m'gulu la EA analandira chithandizo cha EA. Odwala m'gulu la PI analandira chithandizo cha cognition ndi behavior therapy. [Ndipo] odwala m'gulu la EA plus PI analandira chithandizo cha electro-acupuncture plus psychological intervention. Ziwerengero za IAD, ziwerengero za zizindikiro 90 (SCL-90), latency ndi amplitude ya P50 ya AEP zinayesedwa chithandizo chisanachitike komanso chitatha.

ZOTSUTSA : Ziwerengero za IAD pambuyo pa chithandizo zinachepa kwambiri m'magulu onse ( P < 0.05), ndipo ziwerengero za IAD mu gulu la EA plus PI zinali zochepa kwambiri kuposa zomwe zinali m'magulu ena awiri ( P < 0.05). Ziwerengero za SCL-90 zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa ndi chinthu chilichonse pambuyo pa chithandizo mu gulu la EA plus PI zinachepa kwambiri ( P < 0.05). Pambuyo pa chithandizo mu gulu la EA plus PI, mtunda wa amplitude wa S1P50 ndi S2P50 (S1-S2) unawonjezeka kwambiri ( P < 0.05).

ZOCHITA: EA pamodzi ndi PI akhoza kuthetsa zizindikiro za m'maganizo a odwala a IAD, ndipo njirayi mwina ikugwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya ubongo yolingalira ntchito.

Kulakalaka Kulowerera Pamakhalidwe Othandizira Ophunzira pa Koleji Pa intaneti: Phunziro Lakale (2017).

Kulakalaka, ngati gawo lapakati lazolowetsa nkhawa komanso kuyambiranso kuyambiranso kusuta, kumangolimbana nawo kumene. Ngakhale kuti masewera amtundu wa intaneti (IGD), ophatikizidwa ngati chizolowezi chamakhalidwe, ndikuperewera kwamachitidwe othandizirana ndikuwunika kwa makina ake. Kafukufukuyu amayesa kuyesa kuyeserera ndikuwona magwiridwe othandizira olakalaka kuchita (CBI) pakuchepetsa IGD pakati pa achinyamata. Ophunzira okwana 63 amuna aku koleji omwe ali ndi IGD adapatsidwa gulu lothandizira (magawo asanu ndi limodzi a CBI kulowerera) kapena gulu loyang'anira mndandanda. Mafunso okonzedwa adayendetsedwa kale asanachitike (T1), kulowererapo pambuyo pake (T2), kutsatira kwa miyezi 3 (T3), ndikutsatira kwa miyezi 6 (T4).

Poyerekeza ndi gulu lolamulira, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa zovuta za IGD m'gululo lolowera kunapezeka kumapeto kwa kuchitapo kanthu ndikukhalitsa mpaka miyezi 6 atatha kulowererapo. Kusintha kwa kufunitsitsa kungayanjanitse pang'ono ubale pakati pa kulowererapo ndi kusintha kwa IGD pakati pa mayeso onse azotsatira (zomwe zimachitika posachedwa, T2-T1; kanthawi kochepa, T3-T1; ndi zotsatira zazitali, T4-T1). Komanso, kufufuzidwa kwa zida zophatikizira kulowetsamo kunapeza mpumulo wachisokonezo ndikusunthika kwa zosowa zamaganizidwe kuchokera pa intaneti kupita ku moyo weniweni zimaneneratu kulakalaka kukondweretsedwa pambuyo potsatira komanso pambuyo pa miyezi 6. Ngakhale zokhala zoyambirira, kafukufuku wapanoyu amapereka umboni wa kufunika kokhalira ndi chidwi cholimbana ndi chithandizo cha IGD ndikuzindikira zinthu ziwiri zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti muchepetse kukhumba, ndipo maubwino owonjezera azithandizo amatulutsidwa.

Zotsatira za Facebook: Kusiya Facebook Kufika Kumipamwamba ya Umoyo (2016)

Kupuma pa Facebook kumapangitsa "kukhutira ndi moyo" komanso kusangalala. Zolemba:

Nkhaniyi ikukhazikika pa kafukufuku wochokera mu mfundo yanga yayikulu. Zotsatira zoyambirira za kafukufukuyu zidaperekedwa mu buku lotsogozedwa ndi The Happiness Research Institute: www.happinessresearchinstitute.com/publications/4579836749.

Anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito Facebook tsiku lililonse; ochepa amadziwa zotsatira zake. Kutengera ndi kuyesera kwa sabata imodzi ndi anthu 1,095 kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2015 ku Denmark, kafukufukuyu akupereka umboni wosonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito Facebook kumakhudza thanzi lathu molakwika. Poyerekeza gulu la chithandizo (otenga nawo mbali omwe adapuma pa Facebook) ndi gulu lolamulira (otenga nawo mbali omwe adapitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito Facebook) , zidawonetsedwa kuti kupuma pa Facebook kuli ndi zotsatira zabwino pa magawo awiri a moyo wabwino: kukhutira kwathu m'moyo kumawonjezeka ndipo malingaliro athu amakhala abwino. Kuphatikiza apo, zidawonetsedwa kuti zotsatirazi zinali zazikulu kwambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito Facebook olemera, ogwiritsa ntchito Facebook osachitapo kanthu, komanso ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amakonda kusirira ena pa Facebook.

Kusiyanasiyana kwa kusintha kwa thupi kumatsatira kutsata kwa intaneti m'makina apamwamba ndi otsika kwambiri ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti (2017)

Nkhani yokhudza kafukufukuyu . Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti akasiya kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, adakumana ndi zizindikiro zosiya kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti komanso kupsinjika maganizo kumawonjezeka. Chidule:

PLoS One. 2017 May 25; 12 (5): e0178480. yani: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0178480. eCollection 2017.

Kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti movuta (PIU) akuti akusowa kufufuza kwina kuti awonongeke ngati matenda m'dongosolo lachidziwitso ndi zofufuza (DSM) la American Psychiatric Association, koma osadziwa za momwe kutaya kwa intaneti kumathera pa Ntchito yamagetsi ikhalabe kusiyana kwakukulu mu chidziwitso komanso cholepheretsa kugawa kwa PIU. Ophunzira zana ndi makumi anayi ndi anayi anayesedwa chifukwa cha thupi (kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kuthamanga kwa mtima) ndi maganizo (maganizo ndi nkhawa zadziko) zimagwirira ntchito ndi pambuyo pa gawo la intaneti. Anthuwa adakonzanso mayesero okhudza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa intaneti, komanso momwe amachitira mavuto.

Anthu omwe adadzizindikiritsa kuti ali ndi PIU adawonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso kuchepa kwa malingaliro ndi nkhawa yayikulu, atasiya kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Panalibe kusintha koteroko mwa anthu omwe analibe PIU yodzinenera okha. Kusintha kumeneku sikunali kosiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa kuvutika maganizo ndi nkhawa za makhalidwe. Kusintha kumeneku pambuyo posiya kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kuli kofanana ndi komwe kumawonedwa mwa anthu omwe asiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa ululu kapena opiate, ndipo akuwonetsa kuti PIU iyenera kufufuzidwa kwambiri ndi kuganiziridwa mozama ngati vuto.

Kuyanjana kwapakati pa pakati pa intaneti ndi machitidwe okhudzana ndi matenda okhudzana ndi kugonana pakati pa a College of Chinese Freshmen: A Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Analysis (2017)

Kuphunzira kwanthawi yaitali. Zowonjezera:

Kafukufukuyu adafufuza ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa chizolowezi cha intaneti (IA) ndi chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi maladaptive cognition (NMC) mwa ophunzira aku koleji aku China . Kafukufuku wa nthawi yayitali wokhala ndi chitsanzo cha ophunzira 213 aku koleji adachitika ku Shandong province, China. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti IA imatha kulosera kwambiri za kupangidwa ndi chitukuko cha ma NMC, ndipo ngati chidziwitso choterechi chatsimikizika, chingakhudze kwambiri kukula kwa IA ya ophunzira.

Kuwonetsa koopsa kunawonetseratu pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi, ndi IA pokhala yofunika kwambiri pa chiyanjano chake ndi NMC. Phunziroli linatsimikiziranso kuti mgwirizano pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi ndi yofanana kwa amuna ndi akazi; Choncho, chitsanzo chomalizira chomwe tinakhazikitsa chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri ku Chinese kolembera atsopano, mosasamala za chikhalidwe. Kumvetsetsa chiyanjano chokhazikika pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi kungathandize pothandiza mu IA kumayambiriro kwa moyo wa ophunzira ku koleji.

Kusokonezeka maganizo, nkhawa, ndi mafilimu omwe amalephera kuphunzila ku yunivesite: Kuphunzira pamtanda (2017)

Zisonyezero za kusuta ndi kulekerera. Zowonjezera

Phunziroli likufuna kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mafilimu osokoneza mafilimu, ndikudziwitsani ngati kuvutika maganizo kapena nkhawa, mwachindunji, zimapangitsa kuti pulogalamu yamasewera ena a ku yunivesite ikhale yovuta kwambiri, panthawi imodzimodziyo, pokonzanso zamakhalidwe abwino, maphunziro, moyo, chikhalidwe ndi ma smartphone zosiyana-siyana.

Chitsanzo chochepa cha ophunzira a ku yunivesite ya 688 (zaka zakubadwa = 20.64 ± 1.88 zaka; 53% amuna) anamaliza kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi) mafunso okhudza chikhalidwe cha anthu, maphunziro, makhalidwe a moyo, mtundu wa umunthu, ndi mitundu yokhudzana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mafoni; b) 26-chinthu cha Smartphone Choledzera Inventory (SPAI) Scale; ndi c) Zithunzi zochepa zokhudzana ndi kupsinjika maganizo ndi nkhawa (PHQ-2 ndi GAD-2), zomwe zimapanga zinthu ziwiri zofunikira kwambiri za DSM-IV chifukwa cha matenda akuluakulu ovutika maganizo komanso matenda ovutika maganizo.

Kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khalidwe lodzikakamiza lokhudzana ndi mafoni a m'manja, kulephera kugwira ntchito bwino, kulekerera, ndi zizindikiro zosiya kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni awo kunali kwakukulu. 35.9% ankamva kutopa masana chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m'manja usiku, 38.1% anavomereza kuchepa kwa kugona, ndipo 35.8% ankagona maola osakwana anayi chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m'manja kangapo. Pomwe jenda, malo okhala, maola ogwira ntchito pa sabata, aphunzitsi, magwiridwe antchito a maphunziro (GPA), zizolowezi za moyo (kusuta fodya ndi kumwa mowa), ndi machitidwe achipembedzo sizinagwirizane ndi kuchuluka kwa chizolowezi cha mafoni a m'manja; mtundu wa umunthu A, kalasi (chaka chachiwiri poyerekeza ndi chaka chachitatu), zaka zazing'ono pakugwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m'manja koyamba, kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso tsiku la sabata, kugwiritsa ntchito izi ngati zosangalatsa komanso kusagwiritsa ntchito kuyimbira achibale, komanso kukhala ndi nkhawa kapena kuvutika maganizo, kunawonetsa kugwirizana kwakukulu ndi chizolowezi cha mafoni a m'manja. Ziwerengero za kuvutika maganizo ndi nkhawa zinaonekera ngati zizindikiro zodziyimira pawokha za chizolowezi cha mafoni a m'manja, pambuyo posintha zinthu zomwe zimawasokoneza.

Chiyanjano pakati pa ubwana ndi anthu akuluakulu kusamalidwa bwino matenda a chikhalidwe cha achinyamata a ku Korean omwe ali ndi vuto la intaneti (2017)

Zizindikiro zowonongeka pa intaneti komanso zochitika zambiri zinali zogwirizana kwambiri ndi zizindikiro za ADHD zamakono, koma osati zizindikiro za ADHD zaunyamata. Izi zikusonyeza kuti kuledzera kwa intaneti kungayambitse zizindikiro za ADHD akuluakulu. Zowonjezera:

Chomwe chapezeka mu kafukufukuyu, chomwe chikugwirizananso ndi lingaliro lathu, chinali chakuti kuopsa kwa IA kunagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa zizindikiro zambiri za ADHD kwa akuluakulu ngakhale atayang'anira chizindikiro cha ADHD chaubwana ndi matenda ena amisala. Kuchepa kwa SC kokha, komwe kukuwonetsa kudzidalira kochepa komanso kusowa chidaliro, sikunawonetse kuyanjana kwakukulu ndi kuopsa kwa IA. Zotsatirazi zitha kufotokozedwa ndi maphunziro angapo a Chang ( 2008 ) ndi Kim, Lee, Cho, Lee, ndi Kim (2005 ), omwe adawonetsa kukula kwa chizindikiro cha SC mu CAARS-KS ngati sikelo yowonjezera yowunikira mavuto achiwiri omwe amayamba chifukwa cha zizindikiro zazikulu za ADHD monga kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso, kusasamala, ndi kusakhazikika. Mu kafukufukuyu, kuopsa kwa chizindikiro cha kupsinjika maganizo kokha ndiko kudaneneratu kuchuluka kwa chizindikiro cha SC. Poganizira zomwe zapezekazi, zitha kutsimikiziridwa kuti kuopsa kwa IA kudaneneratu kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zizindikiro zazikulu zonse za ADHD kwa akuluakulu.

Chinthu china chosangalatsa chomwe chinapezeka chinali chakuti, mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, kuopsa kwa chizindikiro cha ADHD chaubwana sikunasonyeze kugwirizana kwakukulu ndi zizindikiro zambiri za ADHD za akuluakulu. Kuchepa kwa IE kokha kunawonetsa kugwirizana kwakukulu ndi chizindikiro cha ADHD chaubwana mu chitsanzo cha kusanthula kwa regression 2 (onani Gome 3 ). Komabe, kugwirizana kwakukulu kumeneku kwa chizindikiro cha ADHD chaubwana ndi IE kunatha pambuyo poti kuopsa kwa IA kunaphatikizidwa mu chitsanzo cha regression, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kuopsa kwa IA kunali ndi kugwirizana kwakukulu ndi IE kuposa ADHD yaubwana.

Zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufukuyu zitha kuwunikira ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kuopsa ndi ADHD. Pali njira ziwiri zomwe zikufotokoza kuyanjana kwakukulu pakati pa IA ndi ADHD, zotsatira zathu zidathandizira lingaliro losonyeza kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro zofanana ndi za ADHD zomwe zimayamba munthu akakula. Mosiyana ndi lingaliro lachikhalidwe la ADHD ya akuluakulu ponena za kupitiriza kwa vuto la ADHD yaubwana ( Halperin, Trampush, Miller, Marks, & Newcorn, 2008 ; Lara et al., 2009 ), zomwe zapezeka posachedwapa zasonyeza kuti ADHD yoyambira ubwana ndi ukalamba ikhoza kukhalapo ndipo ADHD ya akuluakulu si kupitiriza kwa ADHD yaubwana ( Castellanos, 2015 ; Moffitt et al., 2015 ). Mogwirizana ndi zomwe zapezekazi, kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti zizindikiro za ADHD zomwe zilipo pano zikuwonetsa kuyanjana kwakukulu ndi IA kuposa chizindikiro cha ADHD yaubwana pa WURS. Kuphatikiza apo, kuopsa kwa chizindikiro cha ADHD yaubwana sikunawonetse kulumikizana kwakukulu ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha ADHD ya akuluakulu kupatula gawo la IE mu kafukufukuyu.

Kafukufuku wakale adawonetsa kuti mkhalidwe wa ADHD wa munthu wamkulu umalumikizidwa ndi njira zokulirakulira za zigawo za cortical, ndi kusintha kwa zinthu zoyera m'maukonde angapo ( Cortese et al., 2013 ; Karama & Evans, 2013 ; Shaw et al., 2013 ). Mofananamo, kafukufuku waposachedwa wasonyeza kuti IA ingayambitse kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito, kapangidwe ka thupi, ndi zolakwika muubongo ( Hong et al., 2013a , 2013b ; Kuss & Griffiths, 2012 ; Lin et al., 2012 ; Weng et al., 2013 ; Yuan et al., 2011 ; Zhou et al., 2011 ). Kutengera zomwe zapezekazi, tingaganize kuti zolakwika zaubongo zokhudzana ndi IA zitha kukhala zokhudzana ndi zizindikiro zamaganizo zofanana ndi za ADHD za munthu wamkulu, zomwe ziyenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi matenda odziyimira pawokha a ADHD. Kusagwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa IA ndi ADHD ( Ho et al., 2014 ) kungawerengedwe ndi zizindikiro zamaganizo ndi khalidwe zokhudzana ndi IA m'malo mwa zizindikiro za matenda odziyimira pawokha a ADHD.

Ofufuza a ku Montreal akupeza 1st pakati pa maseŵera oseŵera, kutayika kwa imvi mu hippocampus (2017)

Wolemba Stephen Smith, CBC News Wolemba: Aug 07, 2017

Kusewera masewera onga awa, Call of Duty: Ghosts, akhoza kuonjezera chiopsezo cha kuvutika maganizo ndi matenda ena a mphuno chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa hippocampus, kafukufuku wa Montreal apeza. (Activision)

Kusewera masewera apakanema oyamba kumapangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kutaya imvi muubongo wawo womwe umakhudzana ndi kukumbukira zochitika zam'mbuyomu ndi zokumana nazo, kafukufuku watsopano wamaphunziro awiri aku Montreal amaliza.

Gregory West, pulofesa wothandizira wa zamaganizo ku Université de Montréal , akuti kafukufuku wa neuroimaging, wofalitsidwa Lachiwiri mu magazini ya Molecular Psychiatry , ndiye woyamba kupeza umboni wokwanira wa kutayika kwa zinthu zoyera mu gawo lofunika la ubongo chifukwa cha kuyanjana kwa makompyuta.

"Kafukufuku wowerengeka wasindikizidwa omwe akuwonetsa kuti masewera apakanema atha kukhala ndi gawo labwino muubongo, zomwe ndi mayanjano abwino pakati pamasewera apakanema, masewera owombera, komanso chidwi ndi luso loyendetsa magalimoto," West adauza CBC News.

"Pakadali pano, palibe amene wasonyeza kuti kuyanjana kwa makompyuta ndi anthu kumatha kusokoneza ubongo - pankhaniyi kukumbukira zinthu za hippocampal."

Phunziro la zaka zinayi la West ndi Véronique Bohbot, pulofesa wina wothandizira maganizo pa yunivesite ya McGill, adawona zotsatira za masewera a kanema pa hippocampus, mbali ya ubongo yomwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri kukumbukira malo ndikutha kukumbukira zochitika ndi zochitika zakale.

Ofufuza Gregory West ndi Véronique Bohbot akuti kafukufuku wawo ndiye woyamba kupereka umboni wotsimikiza kuti masewera apakompyuta amatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pa ubongo.

Ophunzira nawo neuroimaging onse anali azaka zapakati pa 18- mpaka 30 opanda mbiri yosewera masewera apakanema.

Zojambula za ubongo zomwe zimapangidwirapo ophunzira asanayambe ndi pambuyo pake kuyesera kuyang'ana kusiyana kwa hippocampus pakati pa osewera omwe amakonda njira zakumbukiro zapamwamba ndi ophunzira omwe amatchedwa kuti ayankhidwe - omwe ndi osewera omwe njira yawo yoyendetsera masewera amathandizira gawo la ubongo wotchedwa kuphulika maziko, omwe amatithandiza kukhala ndi zizoloŵezi.

Zojambula za ubongo zimasonyeza kuwonongeka kwa mutu wakuda

Kafukufukuyu akuti 85 pa zana la osewera osewera masewera asanu ndi limodzi kapena oposa pa sabata akuwonetsedwa kuti amadalira kwambiri dongosolo la ubongo kuti apeze njira yawo mu masewera.

Pambuyo pa maola 90 akusewera masewera owombera munthu woyamba monga Call of Duty , Killzone , Medal of Honour ndi Borderlands 2 , kusanthula kwa ubongo kwa ophunzira omwe amayankha kunawonetsa zomwe West adati ndi "zofunika kwambiri pa ziwerengero" kutayika kwa imvi mu hippocampus.

"Anthu onse omwe timawatcha kuti ophunzira mayankho adakumana ndi kuchepa kwa imvi mkati mwa hippocampus," adatero West.

Pofalitsa nkhani, ofufuzawo adakulitsa zomwe apeza: "Vuto ndiloti, momwe amagwiritsira ntchito gawo la caudate, samagwiritsa ntchito hippocampus, ndipo chifukwa chake hippocampus amataya ma cell ndi ma atrophies," ndikuwonjezera kuti izi zitha kukhala " zofunikira zazikulu ”pambuyo pake m'moyo.

Kusanthula kwaubongo kwamasewera osewerera makanema akuwonetsa kuti hippocampus ndiyocheperako 'm'njira yofunika,' malinga ndi West ndi Bohbot. (yoperekedwa ndi Gregory West)

Hippocampus ndi biomarker yodziwika bwino yamatenda ena amitsempha yam'mimba, West adalongosola.

"Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la imvi mu hippocampus ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a post-traumatic stress disorder komanso kuvutika maganizo akadali aang'ono komanso ngakhale matenda a Alzheimer akakula," adatero.

Chithandizo cha electro-acupuncture for addiction internet: Umboni wa kuimika matenda osokoneza maganizo m'zaka zachinyamata (2017)

Kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso kumawongolera kwambiri pa intaneti. Kusinthaku kunawonetsedwa mu kusintha kwa ubongo mu ubongo. Zowonjezera:

Achinyamata makumi atatu mphambu awiri a IA adapatsidwa gawo lililonse la EA (16 milandu) kapena PI (milandu ya 16) ndi tebulo losasintha. Omwe anali mgulu la EA adalandira chithandizo cha EA ndipo omvera mu gulu la PI adalandira kuzindikira ndi chithandizo chamakhalidwe. Achinyamata onse adalowererapo 45-d. Odzipereka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi adalembedwa mgulu loyang'anira. Zambiri za Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT) komanso kuchuluka kwa ubongo N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) wopanga (NAA / Cr) ndi choline (Cho) wopanga (Cho / Cr) zinajambulidwa ndi makina owonera maginito asanafike komanso pambuyo pothandizidwa.

Zigoli za IAT ndi zigoli zonse za BIS-11 m'gulu la EA ndi PI zinachepa kwambiri pambuyo pa chithandizo (P<0.05), pomwe gulu la EA linawonetsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa zinthu zina za BIS-11 (P<0.05). Zonse NAA/Cr ndi Cho/Cr zinasintha kwambiri mu gulu la EA pambuyo pa chithandizo (P<0.05); komabe, panalibe kusintha kwakukulu kwa NAA/Cr kapena Cho/Cr m'gulu la PI pambuyo pa chithandizo (P>0.05).

Zonsezi za EA ndi PI zinali ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pa achinyamata a IA, makamaka pankhani ya zochitika zamaganizo ndi machitidwe, EA ikhoza kukhala ndi mwayi kuposa PI pankhani yolamulira kutengeka ndi kusokonezeka kwa ubongo komanso chitetezo cha mitsempha ya ubongo. Njira yomwe imayambitsa mwayi uwu ikhoza kukhala yogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa NAA ndi Cho m'ma cortices a prefrontal ndi anterior cingulate.

Kutenga Facebook pamtengo wapatali: chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe cha anthu kungayambitse matenda a maganizo (2017)

Chidule chaching'ono:

Facebook, yomwe ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti akuluakulu kwambiri, pakadali pano ili ndi ogwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi 2 biliyoni pamwezi [ 1 ], zomwe zikufanana ndi anthu oposa 25% padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale kuti kukhalapo kwa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kungawoneke ngati kopanda vuto kapena kopindulitsa, kafukufuku waposachedwapa wasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito Facebook ndi malo ena ochezera a pa Intaneti kungakhale ndi zotsatira zoipa pa thanzi la maganizo [ 2-5 ].

Mu kafukufuku waposachedwa wa nthawi yayitali wozikidwa pa 'mafunde' atatu a deta (2013, 2014, ndi 2015) kuchokera kwa anthu oposa 5000 omwe adatenga nawo mbali mu Gallup Panel Social Network Study, Shakya ndi Christakis adapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito Facebook (komwe kunayesedwa moyenera) kunali kogwirizana ndi thanzi la maganizo lomwe linanenedwa kuti ndi loyenera [ 3 ]. Kudina 'like' pazomwe zili patsamba la Facebook la ena ndi kutumiza 'zosintha zapakhomo' patsamba lanu la Facebook kunali kogwirizana ndi thanzi la maganizo. Chofunika kwambiri, zotsatira izi zinali zolimba ku kusanthula kwa mafunde awiri komwe kukusonyeza kuti njira ya zotsatira zake imachokera ku kugwiritsa ntchito Facebook kupita ku kuchepetsa thanzi la maganizo osati mosiyana [ 3 ]. Komabe, chifukwa cha momwe deta yomwe yafufuzidwa imawonera, zotsatira izi sizikuyimira umboni woyambitsa zotsatira zoyipa za Facebook, koma mwina - chifukwa cha kutalika kwa kafukufukuyu - zikuyimira kuyerekeza kwabwino kwambiri kwa momwe Facebook imakhudzira thanzi la maganizo mpaka pano [ 3 ].

Kafukufuku wina waposachedwapa wotsimikizira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito Facebook kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoipa pa thanzi labwino ndi wa Tromholt [ 5 ] pomwe ophunzira 1095 adapatsidwa mwachisawawa (kapena mwachisawawa adalimbikitsidwa) kuti atsatire limodzi mwa malangizo awiriwa: (i) 'Pitirizani kugwiritsa ntchito Facebook monga mwachizolowezi sabata yotsatira', kapena (ii) 'Musagwiritse ntchito Facebook sabata yotsatira' [ 5 ]. Pambuyo pa sabata ino, omwe adapatsidwa gulu lodziletsa la Facebook adanenanso kuti ali ndi moyo wokhutira kwambiri komanso malingaliro abwino kuposa omwe adapatsidwa gulu la 'Facebook monga mwachizolowezi' [ 5 ]. Komabe, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kosawoneka bwino ka kafukufukuyu, zotsatira zake sizikuyimira umboni wa zotsatira za Facebook - zotsatira zake, zomwe zidzakhala zovuta kuzikhazikitsa.

Komabe, ngati tikuganiza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito Facebook kumawononga thanzi la maganizo, kodi njira yake ndi iti? Mbali imeneyi sikudziwika bwino, koma kufotokozera mwanzeru—ndi chithandizo champhamvu—ndikuti anthu nthawi zambiri amawonetsa zinthu zabwino kwambiri m'miyoyo yawo pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti [ 6 ] ndipo anthu ena—omwe amakonda kutenga malingaliro olakwikawa—amaona kuti moyo wawo umafanana ndi wa ogwiritsa ntchito ena a Facebook [ 7 ]. Monga momwe Hanna et al. awonetsera posachedwapa, kufananiza kwa anthu kotereku kungayambitse zotsatira zoyipa za kugwiritsa ntchito Facebook pa thanzi la maganizo [ 4 ].

Kodi n'zotheka kuti zotsatira zoyipa za kugwiritsa ntchito Facebook pa thanzi la maganizo zimathandiza kuti munthu akhale ndi vuto la maganizo? Yankho la funsoli mwina ndi 'inde', chifukwa zatsimikiziridwa bwino kuti kuchuluka kochepa kwa thanzi la maganizo komwe kumadzinenera ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha matenda a maganizo—makamaka kuvutika maganizo [ 8 ]. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kuvutika maganizo angakhale okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa za malo ochezera a pa Intaneti chifukwa cha zomwe zimatchedwa kuti negative cognitive bias, zomwe ndi zomwe zimachitika kwambiri pakati pa anthuwa [ 9-11 ].

Pankhani ya Facebook, tsankho loipa la maganizo lingatanthauze kuti anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha kuvutika maganizo angaganize kuti moyo wawo ukufanana kwambiri ndi wa anthu ena pa Facebook. Kuwonjezera pa kuvutika maganizo, zikuwoneka kuti Facebook ndi malo ena ochezera a pa Intaneti omwe ali ndi zithunzi angakhalenso ndi zotsatirapo zoipa poyerekeza ndi matenda amisala pomwe chithunzi choipa/chopotoka ndi gawo la matenda amisala, monga matenda odya [ 4, 12 ].

Ngati kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti monga Facebook kuwononga thanzi la maganizo, tikhoza kukumana ndi mliri wapadziko lonse wa matenda a maganizo, womwe mwina umakhudza kwambiri mibadwo yachinyamata yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamuwa kwambiri [ 3 ]. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri azamisala ayenera kutenga mwayi uwu mozama kwambiri ndikuchita maphunziro ena okhudza momwe malo ochezera a pa Intaneti amakhudzira thanzi la maganizo, komanso njira zochepetsera vutoli ngati lili loipa. Njira imodzi yochitira izi ingakhale kutsindika mobwerezabwereza—makamaka kwa ana ndi achinyamata—kuti malo ochezera a pa Intaneti amachokera ku malingaliro osankhidwa bwino komanso okonda zenizeni omwe sayenera kutengedwa ngati momwe akuonekera.

Kusokoneza maganizo kosaoneka ngati chiwonetsero cha vuto la masewera a intaneti: kutembenuza umboni wochokera kumalo osakanikirana ndi ojambula (2017)

Mu phunziro lapadera la maphunziro osagwiritsa ntchito mavidiyo adasewera masewera a kanema kwa masabata a 6. Osewera awa osayera anapezeka ndi vuto la imvi m'malo opondera. Kuyika malire kumadera awa kunkagwirizana ndi msinkhu wothamanga kwambiri. Zowonjezera:

Matenda a masewera a intaneti akuimira vuto la kudwala. Zizindikiro zazikulu zikuphatikizapo kuyesayesa kuyesa njira zowonongeka za khalidwe ndi kupitiliza kugwiritsira ntchito ngakhale zotsatira zoipa zomwe zikuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka malamulo. Kafukufuku wam'mbuyo adawulula zovuta za ubongo m'madera oyandikana nawo omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri Intaneti. Komabe, chifukwa cha zochitika zapakati pa maphunzirowa, sizikudziwikiratu ngati zochitika za ubongo zomwe zawonongeka zisanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa intaneti.

Potengera izi, kafukufukuyu adaphatikiza kapangidwe ka magawo osiyanasiyana komanso ka nthawi yayitali kuti adziwe zotsatira za kusewera kwambiri pa intaneti. Anthu makumi anayi ndi mmodzi omwe adasewera kwambiri pa intaneti komanso anthu 78 omwe sanasewerepo pamasewera adalembetsedwa mu kafukufukuyu. Kuti adziwe zotsatira za masewera a pa intaneti pa kapangidwe ka ubongo, anthu omwe sanasewerepo pamasewera adapatsidwa mwachisawawa masabata 6 a masewera a pa intaneti tsiku lililonse (gulu lophunzitsira) kapena vuto losakhala la masewera (gulu lowongolera maphunziro).

Pomwe mukuphunzira, operewera kwambiri pa intaneti amawonetsa kuti pang'onopang'ono pamakhala nkhani yamtengo wapatali poyerekeza ndi maphunziro a pa Intaneti. M'maseŵera a pa intaneti, otsika kwambiri pamtunduwu amagwirizanitsidwa ndi mavidiyo oposa omwe amapezeka pa intaneti. Kufufuza kwa nthawi yayitali kunasonyeza kuti poyamba umboni wosonyeza kuti imvi imakhala yochepa kwambiri patsiku la maphunziro komanso gulu la ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Zonsezi, zomwe zapeza panopa zikusonyeza ntchito yofunikira ya orbitofrontal cortex pakukula kwa intaneti ndi kulumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pamaseŵera a pa Intaneti ndi zolakwika m'madera ena a ubongo.

Zotsatira za Mapulogalamu Okhudza Maphunziro a Psychological: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti kwa Achinyamata (2017)

Kuda nkhawa ndi anthu kumachepa pomwe chidwi chocheza chikuwonjezeka. Mwinanso nkhawa yamagulu siyomwe idalipo kale pa omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Zolemba

Kuwonjezeka kwa makhalidwe ovuta achinyamata kumawoneka kuti akugwirizana kwambiri ndi PIU ndipo akuyenera kuwonjezereka ndi zaka. Njira yothetsera vutoli (CBT) -thandizidwe yothandizidwa yawonetseredwa kuti ichepetse kwambiri pamaso pa zizindikiro za maganizo monga kupsinjika maganizo ndi nkhawa za anthu. Pulogalamu Yophatikiza Maphunziro a Psychological-Intaneti Kugwiritsa Ntchito Achinyamata (PIP-IU-Y) ndondomeko ya CBT yokonzera achinyamata ndipo ikuphatikizapo luso lothandizira kuti azitha kukambirana maso ndi maso. Chimalimbikitsa kutenga njira zothandizira anthu kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito pa Intaneti pokhapokha atayambanso kuyankhula ndi PIU wophunzirayo monga njira yosagwirizanitsa ntchito komanso kuphatikizapo maganizo abwino.

Anthu 157 azaka zapakati pa 13 ndi 18 adamaliza pulogalamuyi yomwe inali ndi magawo asanu ndi atatu a sabata iliyonse, mphindi 90 m'magulu. Zotsatira za chithandizo zidayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwapakati kumapeto kwa pulogalamuyi komanso mwezi umodzi pambuyo pa chithandizo. Ambiri mwa omwe adatenga nawo mbali adawonetsa kusintha pambuyo pa magawo asanu ndi atatu a sabata a PIP-IU-Y ndipo adapitilizabe kusunga zizindikiro pambuyo pa mwezi umodzi wotsatira . Ambiri mwa omwe adatenga nawo mbali adatha kuthana ndi zizindikiro za PIU pambuyo pa pulogalamu yothandizira, zomwe zidalimbikitsa kugwira ntchito kwa PIP-IU-Y. Sikuti idangothetsa khalidwe la PIU komanso idathandizanso kuchepetsa nkhawa za anthu komanso kukulitsa kuyanjana ndi anthu.

Kafukufuku wina akhoza kufufuza kusiyana kwa mankhwala pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya PIU (mwachitsanzo, masewera a pa Intaneti ndi zolaula) kuti awone ngati pali kusiyana kwa mankhwala.

Kusewera kwa Mavenda Osavuta Kwambiri pa Intaneti: Kuunika Phunziro la Maonekedwe a Mitundu Zinayi za Achinyamata Ovuta Mavuto a Gamers (2017)

Kupititsa patsogolo nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito maseŵera kunachititsa kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino pa zida zofufuza mitundu yonse ya maganizo ndi maganizo. Chidule:

Kusintha kwa magawo kunasindikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi: (i) AB zinachitika pamene ziwerengero zonse za gawo A zidapezeka; (ii) B-A 'inachitika pamene zowonjezera zatha; ndipo (iii) Gawo A 'lachitika ndi kusonkhanitsa deta patatha miyezi itatu chithandizo chitatha

Kufanizira asanalembe zolondola pa batire la sikelo kunawonetsa kuchepa (onani Gome 2). Zotsatira zamankhwala pa IGD-20 Test ndi CERV anasintha kuchokera ku t1 mpaka t6, ndipo adakhazikika miyezi itatu itatha chithandizo cha mankhwala (Table 2, t6 mpaka t7). Zizindikiro zazitali monga momwe zimayesedwa ndi miyeso ya YSR-Total ndi SCL-R-PSDI bwino. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi sukulu (CBCL), mavuto azachikhalidwe (YSR), komanso kusamvana kwa mabanja (FES) zinathandizanso kutsatira chithandizo (Gome 2).

Kuyesa zotsatira za chithandizo pazamankhwala enieni a comorbid, miyeso ya kuyesedwa kwa MACI idafaniziridwa. Zambiri pamiyeso izi zidatsikanso: C1: Depression Afimate (FF) pre = 108, FFpost = 55, Intsiansion (1) pre = 107, 1post = 70; C2: Kusazunzika kwa Anzake (E) pre = 111, Epost = 53, Kudzimvera Mokhumudwitsa (EE) pre = 76, EEpost = 92; C3: Borderline Tendency (9) pre = 77, 9post = 46, Unruly (6A) pre = 71, 6Apost = 71; C4: FFpre = 66, FFpost = 29, 1pre = 104, 1post = 45. Kupatula kokha kunali kukula kwa EE [Kumverera Kodetsa nkhawa] (kwa C2) ndi Scale 9 [Borderline tend] (ya C3), komwe kuchepera sikunachitike. Kuti muwunikire mgwirizano wamankhwala komanso momwe odwala akukhutira, chida chaWATOCI chinagwiritsidwa ntchito (Corbella and Botella 2004) (Table 2). Zambiri zothandiza zikusonyeza kuti ophunzira anayiwo akhutira ndi mankhwalawo.

Kusokoneza Intaneti Kumapangitsa Kusalongosoka mu Ubongo (2017)

Poyerekeza ndi gulu lolamulira, ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti anali ndi kuchuluka kwa gamma aminobutyric acid, kapena GABA, neurotransmitter yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi zovuta zina komanso matenda amisala. Pambuyo pa masabata 9 akuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, komanso chithandizo chazidziwitso, magulu a GABA "okhazikika".

Kuchokera m'nkhaniyi:

Kafukufuku watsopano wagwirizanitsa kuledzera pa intaneti ndi kusalinganika kwa mankhwala muubongo. Mu kafukufuku waung'ono, womwe waperekedwa lero pamsonkhano wapachaka wa Radiological Society of North America ku Chicago, anthu 19 omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito mafoni, mapiritsi, ndi makompyuta adawonetsa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa neurotransmitter komwe kumaletsa ntchito ya ubongo.

Nkhani yabwino: Patatha milungu isanu ndi inayi akuchiritsidwa, mankhwala a omwe amatenga nawo mbali adasinthiratu, ndipo nthawi yawo yotchinga idachepa, atero a Hyung Suk Seo, pulofesa wa neuroradiology ku Korea University ku Seoul, yemwe adapereka kafukufukuyu.

Seo ndi anzawo adazindikira kusalinganika kwa mankhwala am'magazi pogwiritsa ntchito makina owonera maginito-njira yojambula yomwe imazindikira kusintha kwa ma metabolites ena muubongo. Chidachi chidawonetsa kuti omwe ali ndi vuto lokonda kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, poyerekeza ndi gulu lolamulira, anali atakweza gamma aminobutyric acid, kapena GABA, neurotransmitter yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi zovuta zina komanso matenda amisala.

Ophunzirawo - achinyamata 19 ku Korea azaka zapakati pa 15 - onse adapezeka kuti ali ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito intaneti komanso ma smartphone. Kuzindikira kuti ndimakonda kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kumatanthauza kuti munthuyo amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti mpaka zomwe zimasokoneza moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Ophunzira nawonso anali ndi ziwonetsero zazikulu kwambiri pakukhumudwa, kuda nkhawa, kusowa tulo, komanso kutengeka mtima, poyerekeza ndi achinyamata omwe samakonda.

Otsatira khumi ndi awiriwa adapatsidwa masabata asanu ndi anayi amtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo otchedwa chidziwitso cha mankhwala. Pambuyo pa chithandizocho, Seo adayesanso milingo yawo ya GABA, ndikuwona kuti adasintha.

Chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti, chiwerengero cha maola omwe ana amakhala pamaso pa chinsalu chinachepanso. “Kukhala wokhoza kuona kusintha kwa zinthu—ndi chinthu chochititsa chidwi kwambiri,” akutero Max Wintermark , katswiri wa mitsempha ku Stanford University yemwe sanali nawo mu kafukufukuyu. Kupeza njira yowunikira zotsatira za chithandizo cha kuledzera—makamaka mtundu wina wa chizindikiro choyambirira—kungakhale kovuta, akutero. “Chifukwa chake kukhala ndi mtundu wina wa biomarker womwe umachotsa mu njira yojambulira zithunzi yomwe imakulolani kuyang’anira zotsatira za chithandizo chanu ndikukuuzani msanga ngati chikuyenda bwino—ndikofunika kwambiri,” akutero.

Zotsatira zachipatala zamasewera otsegula m'maseŵera achikulire omwe amavutika kwambiri (2018)

Kafukufuku wapadera anali ndi ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amayesera kusiya kwa sabata. Osewera ambiri adanenanso zakusiya - zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupewa. Zizindikiro zakubwerera zimatanthawuza kuti kusewera kumayambitsa kusintha kwa ubongo. Chidule:

Phunziroli linalongosola zosiyana siyana zoganizira zachangu zomwe zimachitika pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi potsatira kukhudzana koyambirira ndi ntchito yothandizira pa intaneti. Onse ochita masewera akuluakulu a 186 omwe ali ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi masewerawa adatumizidwa pa intaneti. Ophunzirawo adamaliza kulemba ndondomeko ya maseŵero a magemu a DSM-5 (IGD), Kuvutika Maganizo Anxiety Stress Scales-21, Kuyimira Masewera a Pakompyuta pa Intaneti, Masewero a Masewera a Gaming, ndi Gaming Quality of Life Scale. Kafukufuku wamodzi wa sabata umodzi anawonetsa kutsata ndi cholinga chodziletsa.

Anthu omwe sankatha kusewera masewera olimbitsa thupi anali ndi mwayi wochepa woti asakhale ndi zizindikiro zosiya kusewera masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso anali ndi mwayi wochepa woti azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zamaganizo (40% ya onse) adanenanso kuti anali ndi zizindikiro zambiri za IGD, anali ndi luso lochita masewera olimbitsa thupi (monga kuyamikira kwambiri mphoto zamasewera), anali ndi mavuto ambiri m'mbuyomu, komanso anali ndi moyo wosauka. Komabe, zizindikiro zamaganizo sizinanene kuti sankatha kusewera masewera kapena kupitiriza. Akuluakulu omwe ali ndi vuto la masewera omwe akufuna thandizo kuti achepetse masewera awo angapindule poyamba ndi njira zomwe zimathandizira kuti asamachite masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso maphunziro okhudza masewera oopsa.

Kugwirizana pakati pa kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwabwino, ndi mavuto, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti pazinthu zowonongeka ndi zokhudzana ndi maganizo (2018)

Phunziro lina lapadera lofufuza nkhani zomwe zili ndi zizindikiro zatsopano za ADHD. Olemba amakhulupirira kwambiri kuti kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kumachititsa ADHD kukhala zizindikiro. Chidule cha zokambirana.

Kudwala kwa ADHD ndi zizindikiro za ADHD zowonongeka pa intaneti

Ponena za matenda a ADHD mu kafukufukuyu, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti (13.8% ndi 11.5%) pakali pano kunali kwakukulu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti omwe ali ndi vuto komanso owongolera thanzi. Kusanthula kwa meta kunayerekeza kufalikira kwa ADHD pafupifupi 2.5% ( Simon, Czobor, Bálint, Mészáros, & Bitter, 2009 ). Maphunziro ambiri okhudza ADHD ndi chizolowezi cha intaneti adachitika pa achinyamata osati pa achinyamata ( Seyrek et al., 2017 ; Tateno et al., 2016 ). Pali kafukufuku m'modzi yekha amene akunena kuti ADHD ndi 5.5% mwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti "ovuta" akuluakulu ( Kim et al., 2016 ). Komabe, chitsanzocho chinaphatikizaponso ogwiritsa ntchito chizolowezi ndipo chifukwa chake zomwe zapezeka sizingafanane ndi zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufukuyu.

Monga momwe tikudziwira, uwu unali kafukufuku woyamba kuyesera kuphatikiza kuwunika momwe zizindikiro za ADHD zomwe zangoyamba kumene zakhalira komanso kupezeka kwa ADHD mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti . Ophunzira omwe ali ndi ADHD komanso omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi za ADHD zomwe zangoyamba kumene zachitika adawonetsa kuopsa kwakukulu kwa kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kwa moyo wawo wonse komanso kwamakono poyerekeza ndi omwe sanakwaniritse izi. Kuphatikiza apo, omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za ADHD zomwe zangoyamba kumene (30% ya gulu la anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti) adawonetsa kuopsa kwakukulu kwa kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kwa moyo wawo wonse poyerekeza ndi omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti omwe alibe zizindikiro za ADHD.

Zotsatira zathu zikusonyeza kuti zizindikiro za ADHD zomwe zangoyamba kumene (popanda kukwaniritsa zofunikira zodziwira ADHD) zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chizolowezi cha intaneti. Izi zitha kuwonetsa koyamba kuti kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mopitirira muyeso kumakhudza kukula kwa kusowa kwa chidziwitso kofanana ndi komwe kumapezeka mu ADHD . Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa Nie, Zhang, Chen, ndi Li ( 2016 ) adanenanso kuti achinyamata omwe ali ndi ADHD komanso omwe alibe komanso omwe ali ndi ADHD okha adawonetsa kusowa kofanana pakulamulira koletsa komanso ntchito zokumbukira.

Lingaliro limeneli likuwonekanso kuti likuthandizidwa ndi maphunziro ena omwe amanena za kuchepa kwa imvi mu anterior cingulate cortex mwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti osokoneza bongo komanso odwala ADHD ( Frodl & Skokauskas, 2012 ; Moreno-Alcazar et al., 2016 ; Wang et al., 2015 ; Yuan et al., 2011 ). Komabe, kuti titsimikizire zomwe tikuganiza, maphunziro ena owunika ubale pakati pa kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mopitirira muyeso ndi ADHD mwa omwe ali ndi vuto la intaneti amafunika. Kuphatikiza apo, maphunziro a nthawi yayitali ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti afotokoze chifukwa chake. Ngati zomwe tapeza zitsimikiziridwa ndi maphunziro ena, izi zidzakhala ndi kufunika kwachipatala panjira yodziwira matenda a ADHD. N'zotheka kuti asing'anga angafunike kuchita kafukufuku watsatanetsatane wa kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mopitirira muyeso mwa odwala omwe akukayikiridwa kuti ali ndi ADHD.

Kuipa kwa thupi ndi zotsatira za maganizo pa nthawi yowonekera pa ana ndi achinyamata: Kuwerengera zolemba ndi phunziro (2018)

Kafukufuku wamilandu akuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kunayambitsa khalidwe la ADHD yokhudzana ndi khalidwe la ADHD lomwe silinapezeke ngati ADHD. Mfundo:

Gulu lokhala ndi mabuku likuphatikiza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitilira muyeso komanso makina ogwiritsira ntchito digito ndi zotsatira zoyipa zathupi, zamaganizidwe, zamaubwenzi. Kafukufuku akuwunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mafoni, ndipo kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kutalika, kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kugwiritsidwa ntchito usiku, mtundu wa media ndi kuchuluka kwa zida ndi zofunikira zomwe zimatsimikizira zotsatira za nthawi yazenera. Zotsatira zaumoyo wakuthupi: Nthawi yayikulu yophimba imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugona tulo komanso zinthu zoopsa pamatenda a mtima monga kuthamanga magazi, kunenepa kwambiri, cholesterol yotsika ya HDL, kusakhala ndi nkhawa yamavuto ambiri (kukomoka kwa mtima ndi kuvunda kwa cortisol), komanso Insulin Resistance. Zina zathanzi lanu zimaphatikizira kusawona bwino komanso kuchepa kwa mafupa. Zotsatira zamaganizidwe: kukhazikika mkati ndi kuchita zinthu zokhudzana ndi thupi kumagwirizana ndi kugona tulo.

Zizindikiro zakukhumudwitsa ndi kudzipha zimayenderana ndi nthawi yotsitsa ya kugona kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito foni ya digito usiku, komanso kudalira foni yam'manja. Khalidwe lokhudzana ndi ADHD limalumikizidwa ndi mavuto ogona, nthawi yonse yophimba, komanso zamtopola komanso zothamanga zomwe zimayambitsa dopamine ndi njira zopindulira. Kuwonetsedwa koyambirira komanso nthawi yayitali pazinthu zachiwawa kumalumikizananso ndi chiopsezo cha chikhalidwe chamunthu wocheperako komanso kuchepa kwamakhalidwe oyenera. Zotsatira zama Psychoneurological: Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yowonera pazenera kumachepetsa kulumikizana ndipo kumakhudzanso kulakalaka kofanana ndi chikhalidwe chodalira zinthu. Kusintha kwamachitidwe aubongo okhudzana ndi kuwongolera kwazindikiritso ndi malingaliro ammachitidwe zimalumikizidwa ndi chikhalidwe chamawonekedwe a digito. Kafukufuku wokhudza chithandizo cha ADHD wopezeka ndi mwana wazaka 9 akuwonetsa kuti nthawi yakusonyezedwa ya ADHD imatha kupezeka molakwika ngati ADHD. Kuchepetsa nthawi ya Screen kumathandiza kuchepetsa kuchepa kwokhudzana ndi ADHD.

Zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri kuti maganizo okhudzidwa ndi maganizo a munthu azikhala osagwedezeka (zofanana ndi khalidwe la ADHD), kulumikizana bwino ndi chikhalidwe, komanso thanzi labwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri digito zojambulidwa ndi ana ndi achinyamata zikuwoneka ngati chinthu chachikulu chimene chingalepheretse kuganiza bwino kwa maganizo a maganizo.

Zomwe Achinyamata Amagwiritsa Ntchito pa Intaneti, Kugwirizana kwa Anthu, ndi Zizindikiro Zowopsya: Kufufuza kuchokera kufukufuku wamtundu wa Longitudinal Cohort (2018)

Kufufuza mgwirizano pakati pa achinyamata ndi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito Intaneti ndi kusonkhana pakati pa sukulu komanso mmene mgwirizanowu umakhudzidwira zizindikiro zowonongeka pakati pa achinyamata ku Taiwan, pogwiritsa ntchito kufufuza kwakukulu kwa gulu lonse komanso njira yopita patsogolo ya LGM.

Deta ya ophunzira a 3795 yotsatira kuchokera m'chaka cha 2001 ku 2006 mu Kafukufuku wa Maphunziro a Taiwan ku Maphunziro anafufuzidwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti pafupipafupi kumatanthauzidwa ndi maola pa sabata yomwe inagwiritsidwa ntchito pa (1) masewera a pa Intaneti ndi (2). Kuphatikizana kwa sukulu ndi zizindikiro zachisoni zinali kudzidzimva. Tinagwiritsa ntchito LGM yosasamala kuti tiyese kulingalira zazomwe zimayambira (kutengera) ndi kukula (mtunda) wa kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Kenaka, mamembala ena a LGM adagwirizana ndi kusamalana kwa sukulu ndi kuvutika maganizo.

Mchitidwe wogwiritsa ntchito intaneti unali wokhudzana kwambiri ndi zofooka (coefficient = 0.31, p <0.05) ku Wave 4.

Kuyanjana ndi anthu kusukulu poyamba kunalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti nthawi yopuma pakati pa achinyamata. Kukula kwa kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti pakapita nthawi sikunafotokozedwe ndi kuphatikizana kwa anthu kusukulu koma kunakhudza kwambiri kuvutika maganizo . Kulimbikitsa ubale wa achinyamata ndi sukulu kungalepheretse kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti nthawi yopuma. Popereka upangiri pakugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kwa achinyamata, opereka chithandizo chamankhwala ayenera kuganizira za malo ochezera a odwala awo komanso thanzi lawo la maganizo.

Ntchito Yotsalira Mipikisano ya Prefrontal-Striatal mu Kusewera kwa Masewera a Intaneti: Kusintha ndi Kukhala ndi Maganizo Odziŵa Zopangira Chithandizo ndi Zomwe Zidzakhala Zokhudza Kuchiza Mankhwala (2018)

Kuphunzira kwa nthawi yaitali, njira ya ALFF ndi FC inagwiritsidwa ntchito kufufuza njira zothandizira ubongo pakati pa IGD gulu ndi HC gulu komanso njira zachipatala za CBT m'nkhani za IGD. Tapeza kuti IGD imasonyeza kuti sizinali zachilendo za madera ena omwe amachititsa kuti anthu asamayang'ane ndi HC komanso kuti CBT imatha kuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zimachitika mu OFC ndi putamen ndikuwonjezera kuyanjana pakati pawo, kuphatikizapo kusintha zizindikiro za IGD.

Mu kafukufukuyu, FC yopuma pakati pa OFC ya kumanzere ndi putamen inali yotsika kwambiri mu gulu la IGD. Zolumikizana za BIS-11 za kusinthana kwa FC zidawonetsa kuti kuwonongeka kwa ma circuits a prefrontal-striatal kungakhudze khalidwe losakhazikika la anthu a IGD. Kafukufuku wakale wa neuroimaging adanenanso kuti kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito m'madera a PFC kumalumikizidwa ndi kusakhazikika kwakukulu mu IGD ( 37 ).

Ma circuits a prefrontal-striatal amaphatikizapo cognitive loop, yomwe imagwirizanitsa kwambiri caudate ndi putamen ndi madera a prefrontal. Mogwirizana ndi zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufuku waposachedwa wa neuroimaging, kusinthana kwa magwiridwe antchito kunawonedwa m'madera angapo a prefrontal (kuphatikiza right medial OFC, bilateral SMA ndi left ACC) ndi basal ganglia regions (bilateral putamen) m'mavuto osokoneza bongo, kuphatikiza IGD ( 12 , 38 , 39 ). Volkow et al. adapereka malingaliro a ma neuronal network m'magulu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuphatikiza ma OFC-, ACC-, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG)-, ndi dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)-striatal circuits, omwe angawonetse machitidwe owoneka bwino, monga kudziletsa kosakhazikika komanso kusasinthasintha kwa khalidwe ( 40 ) ndi mavuto popanga zisankho zabwino, zomwe zimayimira chizolowezicho; pamene anthu omwe ali ndi IGD akupitiliza kusewera masewera ngakhale akukumana ndi zotsatira zoyipa, izi zitha kukhala zokhudzana ndi ntchito yofooka ya ma circuits a prefrontal-striatal ( 41 ).

Mu kafukufuku wapano, nthawi yosewera masewera a sabata iliyonse inali yochepa kwambiri, ndipo zigoli za CIAS ndi BIS-II zinachepetsedwa kwambiri pambuyo pa CBT. Zinanena kuti zotsatirapo zoyipa zitha kusinthidwa ngati chizolowezi cha intaneti chingachotsedwe mkati mwa nthawi yochepa. Tawona kuchepa kwa ma ALFF mu OFC yapamwamba yakumanzere ndi putamen yakumanzere komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kulumikizana kwa OFC-putamen pambuyo pa CBT, zomwe ndi zomwe zapezeka zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zidawonedwa kale zomwe zidawonetsa kuti dera la OFC-striatal likhoza kukhala chandamale chochiritsira matenda osokoneza bongo ( 43 ). OFC imagwira ntchito pakulamulira kukakamiza kuwonjezera pa kupanga zisankho, kotero kulumikizana pakati pa OFC ndi putamen kumatanthauza kuwongolera bwino khalidwe losakhazikika la anthu a IGD ( 44 ). Zimagwirizana ndi zotsatira za zigoli zochepa za BIS-11 pambuyo pa chithandizo.

Mwachidule, zofukufuku zathu zasonyeza kuti IGD inagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa maulendo ena oyendetsa makondomu ndipo CBT ingathe kulepheretsa kusokoneza ntchito kwa OFC ndi putamen ndikuwonjezera kuyanjana pakati pawo. Zotsatirazi zikhoza kupereka zifukwa zowunikira njira zachipatala za CBT muzochitika za IGD ndipo zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri zomwe zingaganizire za kusintha kwachizindikiro pambuyo pa CBT m'nkhani za IGD.

Kuletsedwa kwa Smartphone ndi Mmene Zimakhudzira Kugonjetsedwa Kwambiri Related Scores (2018)

Kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m'manja mopitirira muyeso kwakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoipa zingapo kwa munthu ndi chilengedwe. Kufanana kwina kungaonekere pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m'manja mopitirira muyeso ndi zizolowezi zingapo zamakhalidwe, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zingapo zomwe zimaphatikizidwa mu chizolowezi . Pakufalikira kwakukulu kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m'manja, kuletsa mafoni a m'manja kungayembekezeredwe kubweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa kwa anthu. Zotsatirapo zoyipa izi zitha kuonedwa ngati zizindikiro zosiya kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli panthawi yake, kafukufukuyu adafufuza zigoli pa Smartphone Withdrawal Scale (SWS), Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOS) ndi Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) mkati mwa maola 72 a kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m'manja. Chitsanzo cha ophunzira 127 (akazi 72.4%), azaka zapakati pa 18-48 ( M = 25.0, SD = 4.5), adagawidwa mwachisawawa m'modzi mwa mikhalidwe iwiri: vuto loletsa (gulu loyesera, n = 67) kapena vuto lolamulira (gulu lolamulira, n = 60).

Pa nthawi yoletsedwa, ophunzira adatsiriza masikelo omwe tatchulawa katatu patsiku. Zotsatirazo zinawunikira maulendo apamwamba kwambiri pa SWS ndi FoMOS kwa ophunzira omwe apatsidwa chikhalidwe choletsedwa kusiyana ndi omwe apatsidwa chikhalidwe cholamulira. Zonsezi zimasonyeza kuti kuyimitsa mafilimu kungabweretse zizindikiro zobwerera.

Kodi "kuloŵerera kudziletsa" ku maseŵera kumatsogolera ku zolaula? Insight kuchokera ku ngozi ya April 2018 yamaseva a Fortnite (2018)

Kuonera masewera ndi zolaula ndi khalidwe lofala kwambiri, koma zochepa zomwe zimadziwika ponena za kuyanjana kwawo. Pa Epulo 11, 2018, ma seva a masewera a kanema a Fortnite: Battle Royale adagwa kwa maola 24, zomwe zidapereka chidziwitso cha machitidwe a "kukakamiza kudziletsa". Pornhub, nsanja yapaintaneti yowonera zolaula, pambuyo pake idatulutsa ziwerengero za kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti kwa osewera panthawiyi ( Pornhub, 2018 ).

Pornhub inanena kuti pamene ma seva anali otsika, chiwerengero cha osewera (omwe adadziwika pogwiritsa ntchito deta ya affinity yoperekedwa ndi Google analytics) omwe amalowa mu Pornhub chinawonjezeka ndi 10% ndipo mawu akuti " Fortnite " amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu 60% pafupipafupi pakusaka zolaula. Machitidwe awa a kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula anali ochepa pa nthawi ya "kukakamiza kudziletsa" ndipo anabwerera ku chiyambi pomwe ma seva a Fortnite adakonzedwa.

Chenjezo ndi lofunika potanthauzira ziwerengerozi. Komabe, zimapereka chidziwitso chachilengedwe chofunikira chokhudza momwe osewera masewera angathanirane ndi nthawi ya "kukana mokakamiza." Izi zitha kukhala zogwirizana ndi mikangano yomwe ikupitilira yokhudza kutsimikizika kwa "kusiya" kapena "kulakalaka" komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamavuto okhudzana ndi masewera apakanema ( Starcevic, 2016 ). Makamaka, machitidwe ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula a osewera a Fortnite akugwirizana ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa ( Kaptsis, King, Delfabbro, & Gradisar, 2016 ; King, Kaptsis, Delfabbro, & Gradisar, 2016 ), zomwe zikusonyeza kuti osewera ena amakumana ndi zizindikiro zosautsa (monga zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi nthawi ya "kukana mokakamiza") pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya "malipiro", mwachitsanzo, kufunafuna zochita zina zokhudzana ndi masewera omwe amakonda.

Zochita monga kufufuza zambiri zokhudza masewera apakanema m'mabwalo kapena kuonera makanema amasewera pa YouTube zafotokozedwa ngati machitidwe olipira. Pakadali pano, ziwerengero zomwe zafalitsidwa ndi Pornhub zikusonyeza machitidwe ena olipira: kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolaula zokhudzana ndi Fortnite . Zoonadi, pofufuza Pornhub ndi mawu akuti Fortnite , munthu angapeze zoseketsa pomwe ochita sewero amachita zochitika zogonana atavala ngati anthu a Fortnite , okwatirana akuchita zogonana akusewera Fortnite , kapena makanema a hentai (anime) okhudzana ndi Fortnite . Popeza posachedwa kuphatikizidwa kwa vuto la masewera ndi vuto la khalidwe logonana mokakamizidwa mu ICD-11 ya World Health Organization ( 2018 ), kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunika kuti amvetsetse kuyanjana pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito masewera ndi zolaula pamlingo wovuta komanso wopanda vuto. Kuphatikiza apo, momwe "kukakamiza kudziletsa" kungathandizire kusintha machitidwe omwe angakhale ovuta, komanso njira zomwe izi zingachitikire, zikufunika kufufuza kwina.

Kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti pamalo ochezera aumphawi komanso zotsatirapo: Zotsatira kuchokera ku gulu lalikulu la ophunzira omwe akuyembekezera ku China (2018)

Kafukufuku wake adavumbulutsa mgwirizano pakati pa OSNA ndi kuvutika maganizo pakati pa achinyamata , zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuvutika maganizo kumathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa OSNA, ndipo anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa amakumana ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera pa intaneti molakwika. Kafukufuku wambiri wautali wokhala ndi nthawi yowonera nthawi zambiri komanso nthawi yochepa akuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufukuyu zitsimikizidwe.

Kodi Masewera a Pakanema Ndi Njira Yotchova Juga? Phunziro Lakale Kwambiri Pogwiritsa Ntchito Woimira Norway Chitsanzo (2018)

Kafukufuku wapano adasanthula kuthekera kwa kulumikizana komwe kungachitike pakati pamavuto amasewera ndi kutchova juga kwamavuto, komanso kuwongolera zomwe zingakhudze kugonana ndi zaka. Mosiyana ndi kafukufuku wakale wam'mbuyomu womwe udakhazikitsidwa pamapangidwe amitundu ingapo komanso osayimira, kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe azitali zopitilira zaka 2 (2013, 2015) ndikupanga omwe akutenga nawo gawo 4601 (amuna 47.2%, zaka 16-74 ) yochokera kuzitsanzo zosasintha kuchokera kwa anthu wamba.

Maseŵera apakanema ndi kutchova juga adayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito Gaming Addiction Scale for Adolescents ndi Canadian Problem Gambling Index, motsatana. Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation, tapeza ubale wabwino pakati pa zigoli pamasewera ovuta ndi zigoli pambuyo pake pamasewera ovuta, pomwe sitinapeze umboni wa ubale wotsutsana. Chifukwa chake, mavuto amasewera apakanema amawoneka ngati njira yopezera machitidwe ovuta a kutchova juga. Mu kafukufuku wamtsogolo, munthu ayenera kupitiliza kuyang'anira zomwe zingachitike pakati pa kutchova juga ndi masewera apakanema.

Maulosi otsogolera pakati pa intaneti ndi zovuta kwambiri pakati pa achinyamata Achi China (2018)

Cholinga cha phunziroli ndi kufufuza (a) kaya chiwerengero cha kuvutika maganizo chikuwoneka pazomwe zakhala zikuchitika posachedwa pa Intaneti (IA) pamapeto a mwezi wa 12 ndipo (b) ngakhale kuti IA ikuyang'aniridwa pazochitika zatsopano za kukhumudwa mwinamwake potsatira.

Tidachita maphunziro a cohort a miyezi 12 (n = 8,286) pakati pa ophunzira aku Hong Kong sekondale, ndipo tidapeza magawo awiri. Sampampu yoyamba (n = 6,954) idaphatikizapo ophunzira omwe sanali IA poyambira, pogwiritsa ntchito Chen Internet Addiction Scale (-63), ndipo ina idaphatikizaponso milandu yomwe sinakhumudwitse poyambira (n = 3,589), pogwiritsa ntchito Center for Epidemiological Study Kuchuluka kwa Kukhumudwa (<16).

Zomwe tapeza zikusonyeza kuti IA mwina inaneneratu za kuvutika maganizo komwe kungachitike komanso mosiyana kwa iwo omwe analibe zotsatira zomwe zinanenedweratu poyamba. Ngakhale kuti timapeza maulosi ofunika kwambiri a mbali ziwiri, kapangidwe ka kafukufuku sikangathe kutsimikizira zomwe zimayambitsa. Kupatulapo zotsatira za zizindikiro zoyambirira za kuvutika maganizo pa IA pambuyo potsatira, zizindikiro za kuvutika maganizo pambuyo potsatira, kapena zizindikiro zomwe zimapezeka panthawi ziwirizi, zingakhudzenso IA pambuyo potsatira; Mlingo wa IA pambuyo potsatira ukhozanso kukhudza kuvutika maganizo pambuyo potsatira.

Deta yathu ikugwirizana ndi lingaliro lakuti IA ndi zizindikiro za kuvutika maganizo ndi zomwe zingayambitse komanso zotsatira zake. Mkangano wokhudza zomwe zimayambitsa umafunika maphunziro owonjezera. Komabe, luso lothandiza polimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti molamulidwa liyenera kuphatikizidwa m'mapulogalamu olunjika achinyamata omwe akuwonetsa zizindikiro za kuvutika maganizo ndi zizindikiro za IA. Mapulogalamu oletsa IA ayeneranso kuchepetsa malingaliro oipa a omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za kuvutika maganizo. Chifukwa chake, ogwira ntchito zachipatala ogwirizana nawo ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chatsopano komanso luso. Kafukufuku woyeserera ndi mapulogalamu omwe nthawi imodzi amathetsa mavuto a IA ndi kuvutika maganizo ndizofunikira.

Kuwonjezereka kwakukulu kwa kukhumudwa kwakukulu ndikokudetsa nkhaŵa kumene kumafuna, monga momwe kupsinjika maganizo kumakhudzira mavuto achinyamata. Kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwapakati pazomweko kunaneneratu kuti IA azitsatiridwa komanso mosiyana, pakati pa iwo omwe analibe vuto la IA / vuto lotheka pazotsatira. Ogwira ntchito zaumoyo, aphunzitsi, ndi makolo akuyenera kudziwitsidwa kuti apeze zotsatirazi. Zowonjezera, zonse IA ndi kutetezedwa maganizo, ziyenera kuthandizira mavuto onsewa.

Maganizo Ochiza Kugwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti Pavuto (2018)

Nkhaniyi inakonza ndi kuyesa ndondomeko yowonongeka yowonongeka kwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito Intaneti (PIU). Purogalamuyi ndi Mapulogalamu Othandizira Pakati pa Maphunziro a Pulogalamu ya Atsikana (PIP-IU-Y). Njira yochiritsira yochidziwitso yovomerezeka inayambitsidwa. Onse a sukulu yachiwiri ya 45 ochokera ku sukulu zinayi anamaliza pulogalamu yowonjezera yomwe inkachitika mu gulu la gulu ndi aphungu a sukulu olembetsa.

Magulu atatu a deta yodzidziwitsa pa Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire (PIUQ), Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), ndi Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) adasonkhanitsidwa nthawi zitatu: sabata imodzi isanachitike, nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa gawo lomaliza lothandizira, komanso mwezi umodzi pambuyo pa kulowererapo. Zotsatira za mayeso a t-test zomwe zidawulutsidwa zidawonetsa kuti pulogalamuyi inali yothandiza poletsa kupita patsogolo koipa m'magawo ovuta kwambiri a chizolowezi cha intaneti, komanso kuchepetsa nkhawa, kupsinjika maganizo ndi mantha okhudzana ndi kuyanjana kwa ophunzira. Zotsatira zake zidawonekera nthawi yomweyo kumapeto kwa gawo lothandizira ndipo zidasungidwa mwezi umodzi pambuyo pa kulowererapo.

Phunziroli ndi limodzi mwa oyambirira kukhazikitsa ndi kuyesa pulogalamu yothandizira achinyamata omwe ali ndi PIU. Kuchita bwino kwa pulogalamu yathu popewera kusokonezeka kwa PIU ndi zizindikiro za ogwiritsa ntchito zovuta kwatithandiza kuti tiwonetsetse kuti pulojekitiyi idzalepheretsanso ogwiritsa ntchito kuti asakhale ndi zizindikiro zazikulu.

Kuyesera Zochitika Pakati Pakati Pakati pa Intaneti ndi Kuchita Zabwino ku Hong Kong Achinyamata: Kusanthula Kwambiri Pogwiritsa Ntchito Waves Wa Data (2018)

Zomwe anapeza zikuthandizira mfundo yakuti ubwino waumunthu waumunthu m'zaka zachinyamata ndi zotsatira zake osati chifukwa cha machitidwe oledzera a Internet. Kuonjezera umoyo wa moyo ndikupewa kudzipha achinyamata, njira zothandizira kuchepetsa makhalidwe oipa okhudza intaneti ayenera kuganiziridwa.

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Zambiri mwa maphunziro apitayi pa chiyanjano pakati pa intaneti ndi ubwino wachinyamata kwa achinyamata zakhazikitsidwa pamapangidwe osiyana siyana. Zomwe zili choncho, deta yautali kuchokera kwa woimira chitsanzo ndi yofunikira kuti ochita kafukufuku amvetse ngati kukhala ndi moyo wabwino ndi chiopsezo cha chizoloŵezi cha achinyamata pa intaneti kapena zotsatira zake. Phunziroli likugwira ntchitoyi pofufuza mgwirizano wa nthawi yaitali pakati pa intaneti ndi zizindikiro ziwiri za moyo wabwino, kukhutira moyo ndi kusowa chiyembekezo, mwachitsanzo chachikulu cha achinyamata a ku Hong Kong.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe a mapangidwe atatu a mawonekedwe, zotsatira zake zinkatsitsimutsa njira yowonongeka yomwe inachititsa kuti kusuta kwa intaneti kuwononge kuchepa kwaumwini pambuyo pa chikhalidwe choyambirira ndi zotsatira za kugonana, msinkhu, ndi chikhalidwe cha zachuma cha banja. Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino chomwe chinagwirizanitsa zochitika zina sikunali kuthandizidwa. Zotsatirazi zimapereka chidziwitso chatsopano ku chiyanjano cha maubwenzi pakati pa machitidwe ozunguza intaneti ndi ubwino wachinyamata. Mosiyana ndi maphunziro a magawo awiri, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mapangidwe apangidwe ndi machitidwe olingana ndi njira yowonongeka yopenda zowonongeka ndi kubwereza.

Matenda Okhudzidwa ndi Matendawa Oyambirira: Zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana pogonana zimatsanzira vuto la autism spectrum (2018)

Kafukufuku wambiri wanena zoyipa zambiri zakugwiritsa ntchito kwa ana pazanema. Zotsatirazi zikuphatikiza kuchepa kwazidziwitso komanso kusakhudzidwa ndi zovuta zakusamala. Ngakhale adalimbikitsidwa kuti mwana asatengeke ndi atolankhani nthawi yakukula, makolo ambiri amakono amagwiritsa ntchito media ngati njira yothetsera ana awo. Chifukwa chake, ana awa alibe mwayi wopanga zokonda zawo pochepetsa kucheza. Zizindikiro za ana awa nthawi zina zimatsanzira autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Komabe, kafukufuku wowerengeka adasanthula zomwe ana amakula ndikamawonetsedwa pazoyambira.

Pano, tikuwonetsa mnyamata amene anapezeka ndi matenda a attachment pa nthawi yomwe anali kukula msanga amene anapezeka ndi vuto la attachment. Sanathe kuyang'ana m'maso ndipo anali ndi mphamvu zambiri ndipo anachedwa kukula kwa chilankhulo, monga ana omwe ali ndi ASD. Zizindikiro zake zinakula kwambiri ataletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zonse zoyankhulirana ndipo analimbikitsidwa kusewera m'njira zina. Pambuyo pa chithandizochi, ankayang'ana m'maso, ndipo ankalankhula za kusewera ndi makolo awo. Kungopewa zinthu zoyankhulirana ndi kusewera ndi ena kungasinthe khalidwe la mwana yemwe ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi za ASD. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi vuto la attachment ndi kuonekera msanga kwa zinthu zoyankhulirana.

Sabata Popanda Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafilimu Athu: Zotsatira Zowonongeka Kwa Pachilengedwe Phunziro Pogwiritsa ntchito mafoni (2018)

Kafufuzidwe kafukufuku wachitidwa pa momwe timagwiritsira ntchito mafilimu ndi momwe timagwiritsira ntchito mafilimu, koma timadziwika pang'ono ponena za zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu asamaganizire. Choncho, tinapanga phunziro lachilengedwe mofulumira pogwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m'manja. Ophunzira adalangizidwa kuti asagwiritse ntchito masewerawa pa tsiku la 7 (masiku oyambira a 4, masiku a 7 atalowetsamo, ndi masiku a 4 postintervention; N = 152). Tinawonetsa kuti timakhudzidwa (zabwino ndi zoipa), kukhumudwa, ndikulakalaka katatu patsiku (zitsanzo zowerengera nthawi), komanso nthawi zamagwiritsidwe ntchito, nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, komanso kupanikizika kwa anthu kuti azitha kukhala nawo pa TV tsiku lomaliza (7,000 + osakayikira).

Tinapeza zizindikiro zosiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga chilakolako chowonjezeka (β = 0.10) ndi kusungulumwa (β = 0.12), komanso kuchepa kwa zotsatira zabwino ndi zoyipa (mongofotokoza). Kupsinjika maganizo pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kunawonjezeka kwambiri panthawi yosiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti (β = 0.19) ndipo chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu omwe adatenga nawo mbali (59 peresenti) adabwereranso kamodzi panthawi yolowererapo . Sitinapeze zotsatirapo zazikulu zobwerera m'mbuyo pambuyo pa kutha kwa chithandizo. Poganizira zonsezi, kulankhulana kudzera pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti mwachionekere ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku kotero kuti kukhala wopanda mankhwala kumabweretsa zizindikiro zosiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (kukhumba, kusungulumwa), kubwereranso, komanso kukakamizidwa kuti abwererenso pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti.

Powonjezera FOMO: Kulepheretsa Social Media Kuchepetsa Kusungulumwa ndi Kuvutika Maganizo (2018)

Mau oyambirira: Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kafukufuku wogwirizanitsa mafilimu omwe amagwirizanitsa mafilimu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito pazinthu zowonongeka, tikuyesa kufufuza kuti tifufuze zomwe zingathandize kuti anthu azitha kukhala nawo paubwenzi.

Njira: Pambuyo pa sabata yowunika koyambirira, akuluakulu a 143 ku yunivesite ya Pennsylvania anapatsidwa mwayi woletsa Facebook, Instagram ndi Snapchat kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kwa 10 maminiti, patsiku, patsiku, kapena kuti azigwiritsa ntchito masabata atatu.

Zotsatira: Gulu lochepa la anthu omwe adagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa linawonetsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kusungulumwa ndi kuvutika maganizo kwa milungu itatu poyerekeza ndi gulu lowongolera. Magulu onse awiriwa adawonetsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa nkhawa ndi mantha osowa nthawi yoyambira, zomwe zikusonyeza ubwino wodziyang'anira okha.

Kukambirana: Zomwe tapeza zikusonyeza kuti kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti mpaka mphindi 30 patsiku kungathandize kwambiri kuti munthu akhale ndi thanzi labwino.

Nkhani yeniyeni yokhudza phunziro ili.

Kusintha kwachindunji kwachindunji pamakono ochita masewera a pa Intaneti: Kufufuza komwe kungatheke (2018)

Masabata anayi akuchiritsidwa amachititsa kuchepa kwa masewera a kanema, kudziletsa kudziletsa, kuchepetsa kuledzeretsa, komanso kusintha kwa kampani yapamwamba yapamtunda (yomwe imapereka mphamvu, imakhudzidwa ndi zovuta zonse);

Kugwiritsa ntchito masewera a pakompyuta mofulumira kungakhale ndi zotsutsana kwambiri ndi thanzi labwino komanso kugwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngakhale zotsatira za kusintha kwachangu kwachangu (tDCS) zafufuzidwa kuti azitha kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, sizinayesedwe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito masewera apakompyuta ambiri. Phunziroli linapangitsa kufufuza kuti tDCS zikhale zotheka komanso zolekerera pa dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) pa Intaneti.

Osewera masewera 15 pa intaneti adalandira magawo 12 a tDCS ogwira ntchito pa DLPFC (anodal kumanzere/cathodal kumanja, 2 mA kwa mphindi 30, katatu pa sabata kwa masabata 4). Magawo a tDCS asanayambe komanso atatha, ophunzira onse adayesedwa ma F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography ^{ka 18} ndipo adamaliza mayeso a Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Brief Self Control Scale (BSCS), ndi Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II).

Pambuyo pa magawo a tDCS, maola ogwiritsidwa ntchito pamasewera ndi IAT ndi BDI-II ambiri adachepetsedwa, pomwe kuchuluka kwa BSCS kudakulitsidwa. Kuchulukitsa pakudziletsa kunalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwazovuta zonse zakumwa ndi nthawi yomwe mumathera pamasewera. Kuphatikiza apo, asymmetry yachilendo-yayikulu-kuposa-yamanzere ya kagayidwe kazigawenga m'magazi mu DLPFC idachepetsedwa pang'ono.

Phunziro Loyamba Kulimbitsa Thupi la Kukula Kwambiri Pogwiritsa Ntchito Masewera a Masewera a Video, Kugonjetsa, ndi Matenda a Maganizo (2018)

Zotsatira: Zomwe zapezeka mu phunziro 1 zasonyeza kuti kuvutika maganizo ndi kusungulumwa zinkagwirizana ndi masewera a matenda. Kuukira mwakuthupi kunadziwika ngati chiyambi cha masewera a matenda, ndipo nkhawa inali chifukwa cha masewera a matenda. Kafukufuku wa mitundu itatu ya osewera (kafukufuku 2) adapeza kusungulumwa ndi kuzunza mwakuthupi ngati chiyambi cha masewera, ndi kupsinjika maganizo ngati chifukwa cha mitundu yonse . Kuvutika maganizo kunapezeka kuti ndi chiyambi cha osewera ovuta komanso otanganidwa. Kusungulumwa kunapezeka chifukwa cha osewera ovuta, ndipo nkhawa inali chifukwa cha osewera osokoneza bongo. Kumwa mowa kwambiri kunapezeka kuti ndi chiyambi cha osewera osokoneza bongo, ndipo kumwa mowa pang'ono kunapezeka kuti ndi chiyambi cha osewera ovuta. Kukhazikika kwa chizolowezi cha masewera a pakompyuta kunali 35%.

Kutsiliza: Kuli ubale wofanana pakati pa masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi miyeso ya mavuto amisala. Kukhazikika kwa chizolowezi cha masewera apakanema kukuwonetsa vuto lomwe kwa anthu ambiri silitha mwadzidzidzi mkati mwa zaka ziwiri.

Kusachedwa kucheza ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti akuchepetsa kuchepetsa nkhawa, makamaka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri (2018)

Mfundo

Kudziletsa ndi kupsinjika maganizo ndizofunikira kwambiri pakakhala kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zamagetsi.

Timaphunzira za zotsatira za masiku angapo azinthu zosiyiratu kusokoneza maganizo pazomwe tikuganiza kuti tikuvutika maganizo.

Tinagwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yoyamba (t1) (t2), vuto (kudziletsa) -kuletsa (popanda kudziletsa).

Kudziletsa kwa sabata imodzi kumapangitsa kuchepetsa nkhawa.

Kuchepetsa kupanikizika kunayambika kwambiri mwa ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.

Malo ochezera a pa intaneti (SNSs), monga Facebook, amapereka othandizira pafupipafupi komanso okopa (monga, "amakonda") omwe amaperekedwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Zotsatira zake, ogwiritsa ntchito ena a SNS amawonetsa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, olakwika pamapulatifomu awa. Ogwiritsa ntchito SNS ochulukirapo, komanso ogwiritsa ntchito chimodzimodzi, nthawi zambiri amadziwa kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kwambiri ndikudalira kwamaganizidwe awo, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa kupsinjika kwakukulu. M'malo mwake, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ma SNS okha kumabweretsa nkhawa.

Kafukufuku wina wayamba kufufuza zotsatira za kufupika kwa nthawi ya SNS, kuwulula zotsatira zopindulitsa pakuchita bwino. Tinagwirizanitsa magawo awiri awa ofufuza ndipo tinafotokoza kuti kwakanthawi kochepa kudziletsa kwa SNS kumapangitsa kuchepetsa kupsinjika komwe kumadziwika, makamaka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Zotsatirazo zidatsimikizira malingaliro athu ndikuwonetsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito SNS onse komanso owonjezereka adakumana ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa nkhawa yomwe idatsatiridwa ndi SNS masiku angapo. Zotsatira zake zidatchulidwa kwambiri pa ogwiritsa ntchito SNS ochulukirapo. Kuchepetsa kupsinjika sikunalumikizidwe ndi maphunziro akuwonjezeka. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kupindula kwakanthawi - kwakanthawi kochepa kwa ma SNS komanso zimapereka chidziwitso chofunikira kwa othandizira omwe akuvutika ndi vuto lalikulu la SNS.

Msonkhano Wapakati Pakati pa Matenda Okhaokha Odzidzidzimutsa Okhaokha Ndiponso Okalamba Kusamala Kusokonezeka Maganizo: Umboni Wochokera ku Chitsanzo cha Achinyamata Achiku Swiss (2018)

Chiyambi: Matenda a masewera (GD) awonetsedwa kuti amachitika limodzi ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa chidwi (ADHD), koma maphunziro ochepa mpaka pano afufuza mgwirizano wawo wa nthawi yayitali.

Njira: Chitsanzocho chinali ndi anyamata achichepere 5,067 aku Switzerland (zaka zapakati zinali zaka 20 pa wave 1 ndi zaka 25 pa wave 3). Miyeso inali Game Addiction Scale ndi Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (6-item screener). Mayanjano a longitudinal adayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma autoregressive cross-lagged models a binary measures a GD ndi ADHD, komanso miyeso yopitilira ya GD score ndi ADHD subscales of intakeactivity and hyperactivity.

Kukambirana: GD inali ndi mgwirizano wa nthawi yayitali ndi ADHD, chifukwa ADHD inawonjezera chiopsezo cha GD ndipo GD inawonjezera chiopsezo cha ADHD, ndipo ikhoza kulimbikitsana. Kugwirizana kumeneku kungagwirizane kwambiri ndi gawo la ADHD losayang'anira kuposa gawo la ADHD lochita zinthu mopitirira muyeso. Anthu omwe ali ndi ADHD kapena GD ayenera kufufuzidwa ngati ali ndi vuto lina, ndipo njira zodzitetezera ku GD ziyenera kuyesedwa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi ADHD.

Kuchita zofuna zokhudzana ndi chilakolako chofuna kugwiritsira ntchito lentiform panthawi yosungirako maseŵero kumakhudzana ndi kutuluka kwa matenda a masewera a intaneti (2019)

Ndemanga: Kafukufuku wa nthawi yayitali anali 23 osewera wamba omwe adakwaniritsa zofunikira kuti akhale ndi chizolowezi cha masewera chaka chimodzi pambuyo pake. 23 awa adayerekezeredwa ndi 23 omwe amamwa chizolowezi cha masewera - ndipo adafanana ndi omwe amamwa chizolowezicho mu ubongo wokhudzana ndi cue.

Matenda a masewera a pa intaneti (IGD) amagwirizanitsidwa ndi njira zoyezera thanzi loipa. Komabe, zochepa zomwe zimadziwika zokhudza njira za ubongo kapena zinthu zomwe zingayambitse kusintha kuchokera ku kugwiritsa ntchito masewera nthawi zonse (RGU) kupita ku IGD. Chidziwitso choterechi chingathandize kuzindikira anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha IGD ndikuthandizira pakuyesetsa kupewa. Anthu zana limodzi makumi anayi ndi asanu ndi anayi omwe ali ndi RGU adayesedwa pamene anali kuchita ntchito yofuna cue-ecited-craving asanasewere masewera ndipo masewera atasiya mwadzidzidzi. Patatha chaka chimodzi, 23 adapezeka kuti adapanga IGD (RGU_IGD). Tinayerekeza deta yoyambirira kuchokera kwa anthu 23 awa a RGU_IGD ndi anthu 23 omwe adagwirizana omwe akukwaniritsa zofunikira za RGU (RGU_RGU). Anthu a RGU_IGD ndi RGU_RGU adawonetsa kufanana mu ntchito yofuna cue-ecited-craving asanasewere masewera.

Kuyanjana kwakukulu kwa gulu ndi nthawi kunazindikira nucleus ya lentiform ya mbali ziwiri. Kusanthula kwa pambuyo pa hoc kunawonetsa kuti kuyanjanako kunali kogwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuyambika kwa anthu omwe ali ndi RGU_IGD atasewera masewera. Kugwirizana kwakukulu kunawonedwa pakati pa zilakolako zomwe adadzinenera ndi kuyambika kwa lentiform mwa anthu omwe ali ndi RGU_IGD. Pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi RGU, kuyambika kwa lentiform komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha masewera pambuyo pa gawo la masewera kunganeneretu kukula kwa IGD. Zomwe zapezekazi zikusonyeza njira yachilengedwe yotulukira IGD yomwe ingathandize kudziwitsa njira zopewera.

Kuyankha kwa ubongo pa nthawi yopanikizidwa kunganeneratu kuti chidziwitso chidzachitike pa vuto la kusewera kwa intaneti: Kuphunzira kwa nthawi yaitali (2019)

Ngakhale zovuta zamasewera pa intaneti (IGD) zimalumikizidwa ndi njira zoyipa zaumoyo, anthu amatha kuchira popanda kuthandizira akatswiri. Kuwona mawonekedwe azinthu zokhudzana ndi kuchira kwachilengedwe kumatha kupereka malingaliro pazomwe zingalimbikitse thanzi pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi IGD. Nkhani makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi zinayi za IGD zidasinthidwa pomwe zimagwira ntchito zokhumbira kale komanso pambuyo pa masewera zidasokonekera ndikupumula mokakamiza. Patatha chaka chimodzi, anthu 20 sanakumanenso ndi IGD muyezo ndipo adawerengedwa kuti akuchira. Tinayerekezera mayankho a mu ubongo pofunafuna ntchito pakati pa 20 omwe adalanditsa maphunziro a IGD ndi maphunziro 20 ofanana a IGD omwe akukwaniritsa njira imodzi pachaka chimodzi (IGD yokhazikika).

Nkhani zomwe zidawerengedwa za IGD zinawonetsa kuchepa kwa dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) kuposa ma IGD omwe amapitilizabe kusewera pamasewera panthawi yoyamba komanso isanachitike masewera. Kuyanjana kwakukulu kwakanthawi kwa gulu kunapezedwa ku DLPFC ndi insula, ndipo izi zimakhudzana ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa DLPFC ndikukulitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa gulu lolimbikira la IGD panthawi yopuma. Kuchepetsa kwambiri ntchito ya DLPFC ndikuwonjezera zochitika munthawi ya masewera chifukwa chosewera chaposachedwa kungalimbikitse masewera. Zotsatira izi zikuwonetsa kuti kuwongolera koyang'anira ndi kusokoneza makulitsidwe kumawonjezera kuphunzira kumvetsetsa kuchira kwa IGD.

Kusokoneza bongo ndi zochitika za kugonana pakati pa akazi a ku Iran: Ntchito yothetsera ubale ndi kuthandizana ndi anthu (2019)

Ichi ndi phunziro loyamba kufufuza zotsatira za chizoloŵezi chogonana pazochitika za kugonana kwa amai, kuganizira ntchito yothetsera chisamaliro cha chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe muukwati pogwiritsa ntchito phunziro lautali la nthawi yaitali mkati mwa mwezi wa 6.

Kafukufuku woyembekezeredwa unachitika pomwe ophunzira onse ( N = 938; apakati pa zaka = zaka 36.5) adamaliza Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale kuti awone chizolowezi cha anthu okonda kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, Female Sexual Distress Scale - Revised kuti awone chisokonezo cha kugonana, Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale kuti awone chinsinsi, ndi Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support kuti awone chithandizo cha anthu chomwe chikuwoneka kuti chikuwonedwa.

Pambuyo pa mwezi wa 6, zikutanthawuza nkhawa zambiri ndi kupsinjika maganizo kunakula pang'ono ndipo ntchito yokhudzana ndi kugonana ndizovuta komanso kugonana kwachepa.

Zotsatira zake zasonyeza kuti kusokoneza chikhalidwe cha anthu amtunduwu kunali molunjika komanso mosalunjika (kudzera mwaubwenzi ndi kuthandizidwa kuti azithandizana nawo) zotsatira za kugonana ndi zovuta zogonana.

Kupuma: Zotsatira za kutenga tchuthi ku Facebook ndi Instagram pa ubwino weniweni (2019)

Phunziro limasonyeza zizindikiro zotsalira pambuyo posiya.

Mawebusayiti Ochezera pa Intaneti (SNS) monga Facebook ndi Instagram asamutsa gawo lalikulu la miyoyo ya anthu pa intaneti, koma amatha kusokoneza anthu ambiri ndikuyambitsa chisokonezo. Chifukwa chake anthu ambiri amaganizira zopita ku "tchuthi cha SNS." Tinafufuza zotsatira za tchuthi cha sabata imodzi kuchokera ku Facebook ndi Instagram pa thanzi la anthu, komanso ngati izi zingasiyane kwa ogwiritsa ntchito SNS osachitapo kanthu kapena omwe akugwira ntchito. Kuchuluka kwa momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito kunayesedwa moyenera, pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya RescueTime, kuti apewe mavuto odzinenera. Kalembedwe ka momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito kanazindikirika pa mayeso asanayambe, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito SNS omwe ali ndi kalembedwe kogwiritsa ntchito kogwira ntchito kwambiri kapena kosachitapo kanthu adagawidwa m'mawerengero ofanana ndi momwe tchuthi cha SNS cha sabata imodzi ( n = 40) kapena osachita tchuthi cha SNS ( n = 38).

Moyo wabwino (kukhutira ndi moyo, zotsatira zabwino, ndi zotsatira zoyipa) unayesedwa nthawi ya tchuthi isanayambe komanso itatha. Pa mayeso asanayambe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri SNS kunapezeka kuti kukugwirizana bwino ndi kukhutira ndi moyo komanso zotsatira zabwino, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri SNS kunali kogwirizana bwino ndi kukhutira ndi moyo, koma osati zotsatira zabwino. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, pambuyo pa mayeso, tchuthi cha SNS chinapangitsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito azikhala ndi zotsatira zochepa zabwino ndipo sizinali ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe sagwira ntchito. Zotsatirazi ndizosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amayembekezera, ndipo zikusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito SNS kungakhale kopindulitsa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe akugwira ntchito. Tikupangira kuti ogwiritsa ntchito SNS aphunzire za ubwino wa kalembedwe kogwiritsa ntchito ndipo kafukufuku wamtsogolo ayenera kuganizira za kuthekera kwa chizolowezi cha SNS pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri omwe akugwira ntchito.

Maubwenzi a Bidirectional a malingaliro amisala ndi chizolowezi cha intaneti mwa ophunzira aku koleji: Kafukufuku woyembekezera (2019)

Kafukufukuyu yemwe akuyembekezeredwa adayang'ana kuthekera kolosera kwa matenda amisala poyambilira kufunsa kuti pakubwera komanso kuchotsedwa kwa chizolowezi cha intaneti panthawi ya kutsatira kwa 1 chaka chotsatira pakati pa ophunzira aku koleji. Kuphatikiza apo, idawunikiranso kuthekera kwakusintha kwa zidziwitso zamaganizidwe amisala pakulankhula kwa intaneti pakuwonana koyambirira panthawi yakutsata kwa 1 pakati pa ophunzira aku koleji.

Ophunzira mazana asanu ophunzira (akazi a 262 ndi amuna a 238) adalembedwa. Upangiri woyambira ndi wotsatira wotsatira unayesa kuchuluka kwa kusuta kwa ma intaneti komanso malingaliro amisala pogwiritsa ntchito Chen Internet Addiction Scale and Syndromeom Checklist-90 Revised, motsatana.

Zotsatira zake zinasonyeza kuti kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi anthu komanso zizindikiro za mantha zitha kulosera kuchuluka kwa chizolowezi cha intaneti pambuyo pa chaka chimodzi. Ophunzira aku koleji omwe anali ndi chizolowezi cha intaneti sanasinthe kwambiri pazovuta za psychopathology, pomwe omwe analibe chizolowezi cha intaneti anali ndi kusintha kwakukulu pa kukakamizidwa, kukhudzidwa ndi anthu, mantha komanso psychoticism panthawi yomweyi.

Kupumula-State fMRI Kafukufuku wa ADHD ndi Kusokoneza Masewera pa intaneti (2019)

Cholinga: Cholinga chathu chinali kumvetsetsa ngati Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ndi Internet gaming disorder (IGD) zimagawana kulumikizana kofanana kwa ubongo (FC) pakati pa frontal ndi subcortices.

Njira: Tinayerekeza kusintha kwa zizindikiro zachipatala ndi ntchito ya ubongo pogwiritsa ntchito functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) mwa odwala 26 omwe ali ndi ADHD koma opanda IGD, odwala 29 omwe ali ndi ADHD ndi IGD, ndi odwala 20 omwe ali ndi IGD koma opanda ADHD.

Zotsatira: Kulumikizana kwa ntchito (FC) kuchokera ku cortex kupita ku subcortex m'magulu onse awiri kunachepa poyerekeza ndi kwa omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino omwe ali ndi zaka zofanana. Chithandizo cha chaka chimodzi cha zizindikiro za ADHD ndi IGD chinawonjezera FC pakati pa cortex ndi subcortex mwa onse omwe ali ndi ADHD ndi onse omwe ali ndi IGD omwe ali ndi ma prognoses abwino poyerekeza ndi omwe ali ndi ADHD ndi onse omwe ali ndi IGD omwe ali ndi ma prognoses oipa.

Kutsiliza: Odwala omwe ali ndi ADHD ndi IGD adagawana ubongo wofanana wa FC poyamba komanso kusintha kwa FC poyankha chithandizo.

Kusintha kochita neural ndikusintha kolumikizika kwa cortical-subcortical komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchira ku vuto la masewera a pa intaneti (2019)

Kuchotsedwa kwa kusintha kwakokhudzana ndi bongo. Zolemba:

Ngakhale kafukufuku adanenanso kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la masewera a pa intaneti (IGD) atha kukhala ndi zofooka pakuchita bwino, chikhalidwe cha ubalewo sichidziwika bwino kuti chidziwitsochi chimachokera ku maphunziro apadera.

Anthu omwe ali ndi IGD yogwira ntchito ( n = 154) ndi anthu omwe sakukwaniritsa zofunikira ( n = 29) patatha chaka chimodzi adawunikidwa nthawi yayitali pogwiritsa ntchito kujambula kwa maginito ofunikira panthawi yogwira ntchito zofunafuna cue. Mayankho okhudzana ndi zomwe zikuchitika komanso ma neural correlates adasiyanitsidwa poyamba kuphunzira komanso chaka chimodzi.

Mayankho a chilakolako cha anthu omwe amakumana ndi zizindikiro zamasewera adachepa kwambiri chaka chimodzi poyerekeza ndi chiyambi cha kuphunzira. Kuchepa kwa mayankho a ubongo mu anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) ndi lentiform nucleus kunawonedwa chaka chimodzi poyerekeza ndi chiyambi cha kuphunzira. Kugwirizana kwakukulu kwabwino kunawonedwa pakati pa kusintha kwa zochita za ubongo mu lentiform nucleus ndi kusintha kwa zilakolako zomwe zinanenedwa. Kusanthula kwamphamvu kwa causal modeling kunawonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa kulumikizana kwa ACC-lentiform pachaka chimodzi poyerekeza ndi chiyambi cha kuphunzira.

Pambuyo pochira ku IGD, anthu amaoneka kuti sakukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuchira kumeneku kungaphatikizepo kuwonjezeka kwa ulamuliro wokhudzana ndi ACC pa zolinga zokhudzana ndi lentiform pakulamulira zilakolako . Kuchuluka kwa momwe ulamuliro wa cortical pa zolinga za subcortical ungayang'aniridwe pochiza IGD kuyenera kufufuzidwa mozama.

Dorsal striatal functional connecction changes in Internet masewera asayansi: Kafukufuku wamalingaliro wautali wa maginito (wa 2019)

Matenda a intaneti Masewera osakhazikika pa intaneti atha kubweretsa kusintha pazomwe akuchita komanso ubale pakati pa striatum ndi madera ena omenyera. Kafukufukuyu adafufuza zowunikira komanso zothandiza zomwe zimakhudzana ndi striatum kudzera muzoyesa kuzitsatira zamagetsi zotsalira zamagetsi (MRI). Amuna achichepere 23.8 okhala ndi IGD (amatanthauza zaka: 2.0 ± zaka 18) ndi zowongolera 23.9 (zikutanthauza zaka: 2.7 ± zaka XNUMX) adayesedwa.

Anthu omwe adayesedwanso adayesedwanso ≥ chaka chimodzi pambuyo pa ulendo woyamba (nthawi yotsatila: 22.8 ± miyezi 6.7), pogwiritsa ntchito voxel-based morphometry ndi seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (FC) analysis m'madera a mbewu za dorsal ndi ventral striatum. Anthu omwe ali ndi IGD anali ndi grey matter volume yaying'ono (GMV) mu anterior/middle cingulate cortex poyerekeza ndi owongolera panthawi yowunikira koyamba komanso yowunikira. Anawonetsa kuchepa kwa FC pakati pa left dorsal putamen ndi left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) poyerekeza ndi owongolera. Anawonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya FC pakati pa right dorsal putamen ndi right middle occipital gyrus (MOG) panthawi yowunikira.

Omwe ali ndi IGD adawonetsa kulumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa kusintha kwa dorsal putamen-MOG FC ndi nthawi yamasewera patsiku. Amuna achichepere omwe ali ndi IGD adawonetsa mawonekedwe osinthika a FC mu dorsal striatum pakutsatira. FC ya dorsal striatum ku IGD inakwera mu mPFC ndikuchepera mu MOG. Zotsatira izi zidawonetsa kuti IGD idaphatikizidwa ndi kufooka kwa chiwongolero cham'mbuyo komanso kulimbitsa kwa sensorimotor network, ndikuti kuwonetsa kuti masewera osasamala akhoza kukhala okhudzana ndi kusintha kwamachitidwe mu neors mu dorsal striatum.

Ubale wobwezera pakati pa kukhumudwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa masewera pa intaneti mwa ana: Kutsatiridwa kwa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri ya kafukufuku wa iCURE pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya mtanda (12)

Kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu adanenanso za kuyanjana pakati pa masewera a intaneti (IGD) ndi kukhumudwa, koma kulumikizana sikumadziwika. Chifukwa chake, tidasanthula ubale womwe ulipo pakati pamlingo wazizindikiro wowonera ndi IGD pakati pa ana mu kafukufuku wautali.

Makanema ofufuza pa kafukufukuyu anali ndi ophunzira 366 oyambira masukulu a pulaimale pa iCURE. Onse omwe anali nawo pa intaneti anali ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti, chifukwa chake angatengedwe ngati chiwopsezo cha IGD. Kuwonekera podzidziwitsa kwa mawonekedwe a IGD komanso kuchuluka kwa kukhumudwa kunayesedwa ndi Internet Game Use-Elicited Syndromeom Screen ndi ana a Depression Inventory, motsatana. Kufufuza koyambira kunatsirizidwa pambuyo pa miyezi 12. Tidakwaniritsa mawonekedwe okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofikira kuti tidziwe kuyanjana pakati pa zinthu ziwiri panthawi ziwiri panthawi yabwino

Kusanthula kopitilira muyeso kunawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa kuvutika maganizo koyambira kunaneneratu kwambiri kuopsa kwa zizindikiro za IGD pakutsata kwa miyezi 12 (β = 0.15, p = .003). Kuopsa kwa zizindikiro za IGD koyambirira kunaneneratunso kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kuvutika maganizo pakutsata kwa miyezi 12 (β = 0.11, p = .018), kuwongolera zinthu zomwe zingasokoneze.

Kuwunika kwodutsa pamiyala kumawonetsa ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa zovuta za ma IGD ndi kuchuluka kwa zodandaula. Kumvetsetsa kubwezeretsana komwe kumachitika pakati pazizindikiro zokhumudwitsa komanso kuzama kwa mawonekedwe a IGD kungathandizire kuchitapo kanthu kuti tipewe zonsezi. Zotsatira izi zimapereka chidziwitso choganiza kuti angapewe komanso kukonza mapulani a IGD ndi zodandaulitsa pakati pa ana.

Zizindikiro Zodziletsa Pakati pa Ophatikiza Apaintaneti Achimereka a ku America (2020)

Tinafufuza momwe masewera a pa intaneti amagwirira ntchito komanso zizindikiro za kusiya masewera a pa intaneti a osewera 144 aku koleji aku America. Zomwe tapeza zikusonyeza kuti zotsatira za Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (IGDS) zikugwirizana bwino ndi zizindikiro za kusiya masewera. Zizindikiro 10 zomwe zavomerezedwa kwambiri ndi kusiya masewerawa zinali kulakalaka masewera, kuleza mtima, kugona kwambiri, kudya kwambiri, kusowa chisangalalo, kukwiya/kukwiya, kuda nkhawa/kupsinjika maganizo, kusakhazikika, kuvutika kuganizira kwambiri, komanso kulota kwambiri . 27.1% yokha ya osewera masewerawa sanavomereze zizindikiro zilizonse za kusiya masewerawa.

A MANOVA adawonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu mu IGDS ndi kuchuluka kwazizindikiro pakati pa ochita masewera omwe amakonda kusewera okha, ena pamasom'pamaso, ena pa intaneti, kapena ndi ena pamasom'pamaso (pa intaneti ya 8.1%). Makamaka, zambiri za IGDS zinali zapamwamba pakati pa opanga masewera omwe amakonda kusewera ndi ena pa intaneti poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina. Zizindikiro zobwerera sizinasankhe kwambiri pakati pamagulu. Pomaliza, ochita masewera ambiri adawonetsa kuti ngati masewera a intaneti sanapezeke, akhoza kutengeka ndi zochitika zina zomwe zingakhale zosokoneza.

Zotsatira za Kukakamiza: Kafukufuku wautali wazaka zinayi wakugwiritsa ntchito njira yapaintaneti yolimbikitsira komanso kuvuta kwamalamulo (4)

ZOKHUDZA

Sizikudziwika zambiri za momwe kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mokakamiza (CIU) kumagwirizanirana ndi kukula kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokhudza kulamulira maganizo. Kodi achinyamata amachita CIU chifukwa chakuti amavutika kulamulira malingaliro (chitsanzo cha "zotsatira"), kodi CIU imayambitsa mavuto okhudza kulamulira maganizo (chitsanzo cha "antecedent"), kapena pali zinthu zomwe zimawakhudza? Tinafufuza ubale wautali pakati pa CIU ndi mbali 6 za mavuto okhudza kulamulira maganizo. Achinyamata ( N = 2,809) m'masukulu 17 aku Australia adamaliza miyeso chaka chilichonse kuyambira Giredi 8 ( M _Age = 13.7) mpaka 11. Chitsanzo cha ma equation a kapangidwe ka zinthu chinavumbula kuti CIU idatsogolera kukukula kwa zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi kusokonekera kwa malingaliro, monga zovuta kukhazikitsa zolinga ndi kukhala omveka bwino za malingaliro, koma osati zina (chitsanzo cha antecedent). Sitinapeze umboni uliwonse wakuti mavuto okhudza kulamulira maganizo adatsogolera kukukula kwa CIU (chitsanzo cha zotsatira). Zomwe tapeza zikusonyeza kuti kuphunzitsa achinyamata luso lolamulira malingaliro sikungakhale kothandiza kuchepetsa CIU monga njira zolunjika zochepetsera kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Tikukambirana za zomwe tapeza pa njira zomwe zapangidwira kuchepetsa CIU ndikuwunikira nkhani zofufuzira mtsogolo.

NKHANI YOPHUNZIRA

Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kogwira mtima kuposa kuphunzitsa luso lazomverera

Kafukufuku watsopano wapeza kusuta kwa intaneti kwa achinyamata kumabweretsa zovuta kuzilamulira. Komabe palibe umboni kuti zovuta zam'mbuyomu zam'mbuyo ndizolosera za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa intaneti.

Lofalitsidwa mu magazini ya Emotion yomwe inawunikidwa ndi anzawo , pepalali ndi kafukufuku woyamba wautali wofufuza kulumikizana pakati pa chizolowezi cha intaneti pakati pa achinyamata ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi malingaliro.

Achinyamata opitilira 2,800 ochokera m'masukulu 17 apamwamba aku Australia adatenga nawo mbali phunziroli. Ophatikizira anali kuyambira zaka 8 mpaka 11 akuphatikizidwa.

Wolemba wamkulu kuchokera ku University of Sydney Business School, Dr James Donald , anati kafukufukuyu anayesa malingaliro awiri omwe akukangana kwambiri: choyamba, ngati kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mokakamiza kumabweretsa mavuto pakuwongolera malingaliro pakapita nthawi; ndipo chachiwiri, ngati mavuto omwe ali mkati mwa malingaliro amayambitsa khalidweli.

"Makolo ndi sukulu ali ndi udindo waukulu wophunzitsa ana awo za kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti moyenera" adatero Dr James Donald.

"Tinaona khalidwe pakapita nthawi lomwe limasonyeza kuti chizolowezi cha pa intaneti chimayambitsa mavuto okhudzana ndi malingaliro, koma osati mosiyana," anatero Dr. Donald wa ku Business School's Discipline of Work & Organisational Studies.

"Ngakhale tili ndi umboni wazambiri komanso malingaliro ambiri pa izi, tikudziwa zochepa momwe kulumikizidwa kwa intaneti kumakhudzira malingaliro a achinyamata ndi malingaliro awo.

"Tinadabwa kupeza zovuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikulimbikitsa intaneti pazinthu ngati kukhazikitsa zolinga ndikumvetsetsa malingaliro athu, kukhala okhazikika pazaka zonse zinayi zomwe taphunzira."

Kuyika nthano ya kukomoka kwa kutengeka ngati cholosera

Phunziroli silinapeze umboni kuti, pakati pa achinyamata, kukhala ndi malingaliro omwe analipo kale kumabweretsa mavuto kuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti.

Chiyambireni mliri wa coronavirus, ophunzira aku sekondale amadalira kwambiri intaneti kuposa kale.

Dr James Donald, Yunivesite ya Sydney Business School

Pothandizana ndi ofufuza ochokera ku Yunivesite ya Katolika ku Australia, gululi lawona kuti kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mwachangu kumakhala ndi zotsatirapo zowopsa pamalingaliro “olimbikira” monga zovuta kukwaniritsa zolinga za moyo komanso kumvetsetsa momwe munthu akumvera.

"Kafukufuku wathu akusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mokakamiza sikukhudza kwambiri njira zovuta zamaganizo monga kudzivomereza ndi kuzindikira," anatero wolemba nawo Pulofesa Joseph Ciarrochi.

"Miyezi 12 yogwiritsa ntchito intaneti mokakamiza imatha kukhala yovulaza monga tidaganizira poyamba. Komabe, ngati khalidweli likupitilira zaka zam'tsogolo, zotsatira zake, ndi kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro kumatha kukhala vuto. ”

Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kungakhale yankho lokhalo

Kafukufukuyu akuwonjezeranso kuti kuphunzitsa achinyamata achinyamata maluso azakhazikitsidwe, mwachitsanzo kudzera pamapulogalamu kusukulu, sikungakhale kothandiza pakumachepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa intaneti monga njira zachindunji ngati kuchepetsa nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa intaneti.

"Kuchokera pamene mliri wa coronavirus udayamba, ophunzira aku sekondale amadalira kwambiri intaneti kuposa kale. Intaneti ndi malo ophunzirira komanso kusewera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makolo azilephera kuwunika, ”atero Dr James Donald.

"Ngakhale kuti zingakhale zovuta kuti makolo azitha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, kafukufuku wathu akuwonetsa kuti makolo ndi sukulu ali ndi gawo lofunikira pophunzitsa ana awo za kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, kuwunika zomwe akuchita pa intaneti, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ali ndi tanthauzo komanso akutenga nawo mbali zochitika zapaintaneti zomwe zimapereka ndalama. ”

Zotsatira za Matthew Kuchokera Mukubwezeretsedwa Kuchokera Pazovuta za Smartphone mu Phunziro la Longitudinal la Miyezi 6 ya Ana ndi Achinyamata (2020)

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mafoni a m'manja (PSU) sikudziwika bwino chifukwa cha kusowa kwa maphunziro a nthawi yayitali. Tinalemba anthu 193 omwe anali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m'manja pa kafukufukuyu. Titapereka chilolezo chodziwitsidwa, anthuwa adamaliza kafukufuku ndipo adafunsidwa mafunso okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m'manja. Anthu 56 mwa anthu 193 omwe adalembedwa ntchito poyamba adatsatiridwa kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Tinayerekeza makhalidwe oyambira pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amapitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi ogwiritsa ntchito omwe adachira kumapeto kwa miyezi 6 yotsatira. Ogwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m'manja omwe amapitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo adawonetsa kuopsa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo a m'manja ndipo anali ndi vuto la thanzi la maganizo pambuyo pake. Komabe, vuto la kukhumudwa kapena nkhawa sizinakhudze kwambiri njira ya PSU. PSU imachita ngati vuto loledzera m'malo mwa vuto lachiwiri la maganizo. Kupewa kuvulala, kulakalaka zinthu, kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kwambiri, komanso nthawi yochepa yocheza ndi amayi zidazindikirika ngati zinthu zosafunikira pa PSU. Moyo wotsika, chisangalalo chochepa, komanso kusakhazikika kwa zolinga zinathandizanso ku PSU yopitilira, pomwe kuchira kunawonjezera zigoli izi komanso miyeso yodzidalira. Zomwe zapezekazi zikusonyeza kuti zotsatira za Matthew zimapezeka pakuchira PSU ndi kusintha kwabwino kwa maganizo komwe kumabweretsa kuchira bwino. Zipangizo zamakono zambiri zimafunika kuti anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo azitha kuchitapo kanthu kuti asinthe momwe zinthu zilili zovuta padziko lonse lapansi.

Kusintha kwa Neurotransmitters muubwana Wokhala Ndi intaneti komanso Smartphone: Kuyerekeza Ndi Kukhazikika Kwazolamulira ndi Kusintha Pambuyo pa Kuzindikira Kukhazikika kwa Chithandizo (2020)

Chiyambi ndi cholinga: Kusintha kwa ma neurotransmitter mwa achinyamata omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti ndi mafoni a m'manja kunayerekezeredwa ndi machitidwe abwinobwino komanso mwa anthu omwe adakumana ndi vutoli atalandira chithandizo chamaganizo. Kuphatikiza apo, ubale pakati pa ma neurotransmitters ndi zinthu zokhudzana ndi maganizo unafufuzidwa.

Zipangizo ndi njira: Achinyamata khumi ndi asanu ndi anayi omwe ali ndi chizolowezi cha intaneti ndi mafoni a m'manja komanso olamulira 19 athanzi omwe ali ndi zaka zofanana (chiŵerengero cha amuna/akazi, 9:10; zaka zapakati, 15.47 ± 3.06) adaphatikizidwa. Achinyamata khumi ndi awiri omwe ali ndi chizolowezi cha intaneti ndi mafoni a m'manja (chiŵerengero cha amuna/akazi, 8:4; zaka zapakati, 14.99 ± 1.95) adatenga nawo gawo m'masabata 9 a chithandizo cha machitidwe ozindikira. Meshcher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy idagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa milingo ya γ-aminobutyric acid ndi Glx mu anterior cingulate cortex. Milingo ya γ-aminobutyric acid ndi Glx m'gulu la omwe ali ndi chizolowezi adayerekezeredwa ndi omwe ali mu chizolowezi komanso pambuyo pa chithandizo cha machitidwe ozindikira. Milingo ya γ-aminobutyric acid ndi Glx imagwirizana ndi miyeso yachipatala ya chizolowezi cha intaneti ndi mafoni a m'manja, kulakalaka, kukhumudwa, nkhawa, kusowa tulo, ndi khalidwe la kugona.

Zotsatira: Chiŵerengero cha γ-aminobutyric acid-to-creatine chosinthidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu mu ubongo chinali chokwera mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la intaneti ndi mafoni a m'manja ( P = .028 ndi .016). Pambuyo pa chithandizo, chiŵerengero cha γ-aminobutyric acid-to-creatine chosinthidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu mu ubongo chinachepetsedwa ( P = .034 ndi .026). Mlingo wa Glx sunali wofunikira kwambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la intaneti ndi mafoni a m'manja poyerekeza ndi zowongolera ndi momwe wodwalayo alili. Chiŵerengero cha γ-aminobutyric acid-to-creatine chosinthidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu mu ubongo chomwe chimagwirizana ndi masikelo azachipatala a zizolowezi za intaneti ndi mafoni a m'manja, kuvutika maganizo, ndi nkhawa. Glx/Cr sinali yogwirizana ndi masikelo a kusowa tulo komanso khalidwe la kugona.

Mapeto: Kuchuluka kwa γ-aminobutyric acid komanso kusokonezeka kwa γ-aminobutyric acid-to-Glx kuphatikiza glutamate mu anterior cingulate cortex kungathandize kumvetsetsa matenda ndi chithandizo cha chizolowezi cha intaneti ndi mafoni a m'manja komanso matenda ena okhudzana ndi izi.

Kuyanjana Kwanthawi Pakati Pakugwiritsa Ntchito Media Media ndi Kukhumudwa (2020)

Kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu adawonetsa mayanjano omwe ali pakati pama media azachuma komanso kukhumudwa, koma mayanjano awo azanthawi yayitali sananenedwe.

Mu 2018, ophunzira azaka zapakati pa 18-30 adalembedwa ntchito molingana ndi mawonekedwe a US Census, kuphatikiza zaka, kugonana, mtundu, maphunziro, ndalama zapakhomo, ndi madera. Ophunzira adadzinenera kuti amagwiritsa ntchito njira zapaintaneti potengera mndandanda wamndandanda 10 wapamwamba kwambiri, womwe umayimira> 95% yogwiritsa ntchito media. Matenda okhumudwa adayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito Mafunso a 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire. Chiwerengero cha 9 chofunikira chokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu adayesedwa. Njira zonse zinayesedwa pazoyambira zonse ndikutsatira kwa miyezi 6.

Pakati pa anthu 990 omwe sanavutike maganizo poyamba, 95 (9.6%) adadwala matenda a maganizo potsatira malangizo. Mu kusanthula kosiyanasiyana komwe kunachitika mu 2020 komwe kunayang'anira zinthu zonse zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kafukufukuyu, panali mgwirizano wofunikira ( p <0.001) pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ndi kukula kwa kuvutika maganizo pa mlingo uliwonse wa kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti. Poyerekeza ndi omwe ali mu gawo lotsika kwambiri, omwe adatenga nawo gawo mu gawo lotsika kwambiri la kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti anali ndi mwayi wokulirapo wokulitsa kuvutika maganizo (AOR=2.77, 95% CI=1.38, 5.56). Komabe, panalibe mgwirizano pakati pa kukhalapo kwa kuvutika maganizo koyambira ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti potsatira malangizo (OR=1.04, 95% CI=0.78, 1.38). Zotsatira zake zinali zolimba pa kusanthula konse kwa kukhudzidwa.

Mwa zitsanzo za achinyamata mdziko lonse, magwiritsidwe ntchito oyambira azama TV anali ogwirizana pawokha ndikukula kwa kukhumudwa potsatira, koma kukhumudwa koyambira sikunalumikizidwe ndi kuwonjezeka kwazomwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito potsatira. Mtundu uwu ukuwonetsa kuyanjana kwakanthawi pakati pazogwiritsa ntchito media ndi kukhumudwa, chinthu chofunikira pazomwe zimachitika.

Makhalidwe azama media 'detoxification' mwa ophunzira aku yunivesite (2021)

Kuchuluka kwa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kwachititsa kuti achinyamata azigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti kugwirizana ndi thanzi la maganizo kukadali kotsutsana, kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kunagwirizana ndi makhalidwe ovuta, kudziona kuti ndi wopanda pake komanso zizindikiro za kukhumudwa. 'Kuchotsa Poizoni pa Intaneti' (Kuchotsa Poizoni pa Intaneti) ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza kuyesetsa mwaufulu kuchepetsa kapena kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kuti akonze thanzi. Tinachita kafukufuku woyeserera kuti tifufuze makhalidwe a kuchotsa poizoni pa intaneti omwe ophunzira 68 aku yunivesite amagwiritsa ntchito pa ntchito zawo zochezera a pa Intaneti. Kusanthula kofotokozera kunavumbula kuti ophunzira ambiri adanena kuti asintha maganizo awo, kuchepetsa nkhawa komanso kugona bwino panthawi yochotsa poizoni m'thupi komanso pambuyo pake. Zotsatira zoyambirirazi zikusonyeza kuti 'kuchotsa poizoni pa intaneti' ndi chinthu chomwe ophunzira aku yunivesite amamvetsetsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo malo ochezera a pa Intaneti. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso zotsatira zake kwawonedwa mu chitsanzo chathu.

Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumayambitsa mavuto?

Zithunzi Zolaula Zopereka Zomwe Zimasonyeza Kapena Zisonyezero:

Gawo # 1: Fufuzani pamene ophunzira adasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula:

Mmene Kudziletsa Kumakhudzira Zokonda (2016) [Zotsatira zoyambirira] - Zowonjezera kuchokera muchidule:

Gawo # 2: Maphunziro a kutalika:

Gawo #3: Kuyesera kuwonetsa zolaula:

Kafukufuku Wapaintaneti & Kanema Kuwonetsa kapena Kuwonetsa Zoyambitsa:

Kusewera kwa Mavenda Osavuta Kwambiri pa Intaneti: Kuunika Phunziro la Maonekedwe a Mitundu Zinayi za Achinyamata Ovuta Mavuto a Gamers (2017)

Kudwala kwa ADHD ndi zizindikiro za ADHD zowonongeka pa intaneti

Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti kogwira mtima kuposa kuphunzitsa luso lazomverera

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