MAFUNSO: Tinalemba m'nkhaniyi kuwunikira njira zomwe zingabweretse phindu lobwezeretsanso. Pansipa ndimayankha malingaliro olakwika omwe amafala kwambiri okhudzana ndi testosterone, kudziletsa komanso kutulutsa umuna. Kupitilira muyeso kwa kafukufuku wa anthu ndi nyama sikutanthauza kuti kudziletsa kapena kutaya umuna kumakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa kwakanthawi pamankhwala a testosterone yamagazi - kupatula kukwera kuzungulira tsiku la 7 lodziletsa. Izi zati, sipanakhale kafukufuku wofufuza zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zolaula pamankhwala amahomoni. Sizomveka kuganiza kuti mahomoni amasinthidwa ndikusintha kwaubongo komwe kumakhudzana ndi zolaula (mwachitsanzo mu hypothalamus). Ndikuchenjeza owerenga (makamaka r / nofap) kuti asasokoneze zovuta zakumasulidwa ndi zovuta zakukonda zolaula.
1) Monga tafotokozera, kuchuluka kwa kafukufuku wa nyama ndi anthu kukusonyeza kuti kudziletsa kapena "kutulutsa umuna kwambiri" sizimakhudza kuchuluka kwa testosterone m'magazi. Komabe, pali umboni wakuti kutulutsa umuna mpaka kufika pokhuta kumayambitsa kusintha kwa ubongo kangapo - kuphatikizapo kuchepa kwa ma androgen receptors. komanso kuwonjezeka kwa ma estrogen receptors ndi dopamine-blocking opioids m'madera angapo a ubongo. Kuchira kwathunthu kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 15 ndipo ndikosiyana kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa ubongo chifukwa cha chizolowezi. Zambiri pansipa.
2) Palibe mgwirizano wokhazikika pakati pa kuchita zogonana, kapena kudziletsa, ndi kuchuluka kwa testosterone m'magazi - kupatula kukwera kwa tsiku limodzi (46% kuposa momwe zinalili kale) pambuyo pa masiku asanu ndi awiri a kudziletsa. Kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa testosterone mwa amuna (10-40%) ndi kwachibadwa.
3) Palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti kudziletsa kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa testosterone. Maphunziro awiri okha ndi omwe anayeza kuchuluka kwa T panthawi yodziletsa kwa nthawi yayitali (masiku 16 ndi 21), ndipo onse awiri sanapeze kusintha kulikonse:
- "Wotchuka" Kuphunzira China mayeso a testosterone tsiku lililonse kwa masiku 16, ndipo adapeza kusintha pang'ono mpaka kuzungulira tsiku la 7, pamene nkhwangwa idachitika. Pambuyo pa tsiku lina Testosterone adabwerera kumbuyo kapena pang'ono m'munsi kuchokera tsiku 8 mpaka tsiku 16 pamene kuyesa kunatha.
- Phunziro mu #4
4) Chidule ichi - Yankho la Endocrine ku orgasm yoyambitsidwa ndi maliseche mwa amuna athanzi atatha kuletsa kugonana kwa milungu itatu , komwe anthu sanatulutse umuna kwa milungu itatu, nthawi zambiri limatchulidwa ngati umboni wakuti kudziletsa kumabweretsa testosterone yowonjezereka. Sizichitika. Chiganizo ichi kuchokera mu chidulechi chili ndi mawu osamveka bwino ndipo chimasocheretsa: " ngakhale kuti testosterone ya m'magazi sinasinthidwe ndi orgasm, kuchuluka kwa testosterone kwakukulu kunawonedwa pambuyo pa nthawi yoletsa kugonana ". Mu kafukufuku wathunthu , kuchuluka kwa testosterone ndi kofanana m'magulu onse awiri. Onani chithunzi cha testosterone C patsamba 379. Onani kuchuluka kwa testosterone kumayambiriro kwa filimuyi (mphindi 10) kunali kofanana m'magulu onse awiri. Mapeto a nkhani. Chilankhulo chosokoneza mu chidulechi chikutanthauza kusiyana kwa testosterone panthawi yodziletsa. Pamene akuonera filimu yolaula ndi kudziletsa, T-levels inatsika pa gawo lodziletsa lodziletsa. Pambuyo pa masiku 21 a kudziletsa, T-levels inakhala pafupi ndi mphindi 10 zoyambirira panthawi yodziletsa. Mawu akuti - " kuchuluka kwa testosterone kwakukulu kunawonedwa pambuyo pa nthawi yodziletsa " - amatanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa testosterone sikunatsike kwambiri panthawi yolimbikitsa: kudziletsa & kuonera zolaula. Olembawo akuti kuyembekezera kuonera zolaula (mwina chifukwa choyembekezera kudziseweretsa maliseche) kunapangitsa kuti testosterone ikhalebe yokwera panthawi yonse yowonera.
5) Kafukufuku wa makoswe nthawi zonse amapeza kuti kutulutsa umuna kupita ku "kutopa pogonana" sikukhudza kuchuluka kwa testosterone. Kafukufukuyu amatsatira nyama kwa masiku 15. Komabe, amapeza kusintha kwakukulu mkati mwa limbic system, kuphatikizapo kuchepa kwa ma androgen receptors, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ma estrogen receptors ndi opioids (omwe amaletsa dopamine), ndi kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a majini.
6) Kafukufuku wa nthawi yayitali pa anyani sanasonyeze mgwirizano wodalirika pakati pa umuna ndi kuchuluka kwa testosterone m'magazi.
7) Kafukufuku wambiri amanena za kuchuluka kwa testosterone kofanana mwa amuna athanzi komanso amuna omwe ali ndi ED yosatha ( 1, 2, 3, 4 ). Kuchokera ku maphunziro awa okha, tinganene kuti 1) testosterone yochepa nthawi zambiri siimayambitsa ED, 2) kuchuluka kwa umuna sikukhudza kuchuluka kwa T.
8) Ndipotu, olemba maphunziro awiriwa a ED ( study1 , study2 ) akunena kuti kudziletsa kungayambitse kuchepa kwa testosterone nthawi zonse . Kafukufuku wa ED wa 2014 adapeza kuti testosterone/DHT yambiri pambuyo poti opaleshoni yopachika mbolo idapangitsa kuti zochita zogonana ziwonjezeke.
9) Amuna ambiri omwe amachititsa kuti erectile iwonongeke zolaula awona madokotala. Pafupifupi onse anena za kuchuluka kwa testosterone.
10) Kafukufuku wambiri wa anthu ndi nyama akuwonetsa kuti testosterone yotsika siikhudza kukhwima kwa chiberekero komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukondoweza. Onani zokambirana izi ndi pulofesa wa endocrinology yobereka - Hypogonadal men and erections ndi Testosterone and Erectile Dysfunction
11) Kafukufuku mmodzi uyu wochokera mu 1976 adanenanso kuti kuchita zogonana kochepa komwe kumagwirizana ndi testosterone yokwera - kwa anthu ena, koma osati onse. Komabe, kafukufukuyu adapezanso kuti kuchuluka kwa testosterone kumalumikizidwa ndi nthawi yochita zogonana. Zotsutsana pang'ono. Tiyeni tiyike kafukufukuyu m'nkhani yake: Sipanachitikepo ndipo ili ndi zinthu zambiri zosalamulirika. Maphunziro ena onse a nyama ndi anthu omwe amafufuza testosterone ndi kuchuluka kwa umuna, kudziletsa, kuchuluka kwa zochita zogonana, komanso kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa erectile kutsutsa zomwe zapezeka.
12) Umboni umasonyeza kuti munthu amakhala ndi chizoloŵezi chogonjetsa kapena kugonana monga chomwe chimayambitsa zolaula-kuchititsa ED, kuwonetsa zolaula kutayika kwa libido, kapena chomwe chimatchedwa euphemistically chotchedwa "kugonja kwa kugonana".
13) Amuna ena omwe amachititsa zolaula ED ayesa testosterone supplementation, koma sanachite bwino. Amuna omwewo atayambiranso, ED yawo idachiritsidwa.
14) Mwa njira, maphunziro ambiri okhudza kuonera zolaula amanena kuti sizikhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa testosterone. Mwachitsanzo, Zotsatira za endocrine za zokopa zogonana mwa amuna abwinobwino. ( koma ena amachitanso choncho )
15) Dopamine ya reward circuitry ndiyo imayambitsa chilakolako chogonana , chilimbikitso , ndi chilakolako chogonana . Mwachidule, kusintha kwakukulu komwe amuna amawona mu libido ndi chidaliro akamayambiranso kugonana mwina kumachokera ku kusintha kwa ubongo wawo, osati kuchuluka kwa testosterone.
Amuna amakumana ndi zabwino zambiri akamasiya zolaula ndi kuseweretsa maliseche mokakamiza. Ndizachibadwa kuganiza kuti kusintha kwabwino monga kudzidalira kwambiri, kukhala ndi malingaliro abwino, nkhawa zochepa, komanso chilimbikitso chachikulu ziyenera kukhala ndi chochita ndi kuchuluka kwa testosterone m'magazi. Komabe, kafukufuku wa anthu kapena nyama sachirikiza lingaliro la testosterone. Ngakhale amuna ochepa anena kuti kudziletsa komwe kumakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa T, amuna ambiri omwe amayesedwa (asanayambe & panthawiyi) sanena kusintha kwakukulu. Popeza zinthu zambiri (kupsinjika, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zakudya) zimatha kukhudza kuchuluka kwa T ndi zotsatira za labu, tiyenera kusamala ndi nkhani ina. Kumbali ina, ndizotheka kuti kusintha kwa ubongo komwe kumakhudzana ndi chizolowezi cha zolaula kumatha kukhudza mahomoni kudzera mu hypothalamus. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo: kusintha kwa dongosolo la mitsempha lodziyimira pawokha ndi HPA axis (CRF, cortisol, norepinephrine), pamodzi ndi mahomoni ambiri a steroid ochokera ku gonads kapena adrenal glands. Kafukufuku wautali pa anthu omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zolaula ndi omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zolaula "obwezeretsedwanso" angathandize kufotokozera njira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azisangalala ndi thupi monga, mawu akuya, kuyankha bwino masewera olimbitsa thupi, kukula kwa tsitsi, khungu lomveka bwino, ndi zina zotero.
Kuti mudziwe za sayansi yomwe ili kumbuyo kwa ubwino womwe anyamata amakumana nawo onani - Zolaula, Kuseweretsa Maliseche ndi Mojo: Maganizo a Sayansi ya Ubongo - Ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe kale anali olaula nthawi zambiri amalandiranso mojo yawo. Chifukwa chiyani?
MAPHUNZIRO
MFUNDO ZOTHANDIZA ZOCHITIKA ZOKHUDZA. KUDZIWIKITSA KWAMBIRI KOMANSO KUTSATIRA NTCHITO YOTSATIRA:
Kusagwirizana ndi kugonana kumawombera kuchepetsa kutembenuka kwa LH bioavailability.
Int J Impot Res. 2002 Apr;14(2):93-9; kukambirana 100.
Carosa E , Benvenga S , Trimarchi F , Lenzi A , Pepe M , Simonelli C , Jannini EA.
Kudalirika
Posachedwapa talemba za kuchepa kwakukulu kwa testosterone (T) m'magazi mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la erectile dysfunction (ED). Kuti timvetse momwe hypotestosteronemia imagwirira ntchito, yomwe sinali yosiyana ndi chifukwa cha ED, komanso momwe imasinthira kokha mwa odwala omwe njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira zosagwiritsa ntchito mahomoni zinabwezeretsa kugonana, tinayesa hormone ya luteinizing m'magazi (LH) m'gulu lomwelo la odwala ED (n=83; 70% organic, 30% nonorganic) . Onse awiri, LH yogwira ntchito m'thupi (I-LH) ndi LH yogwira ntchito m'thupi (B-LH) adayesedwa poyambira ndi miyezi itatu pambuyo pa chithandizo. Kutengera zotsatira zake (monga chiwerengero cha kuyesa bwino kugonana pamwezi), odwala adagawidwa m'magulu ngati oyankha mokwanira (monga, mayeso osachepera asanu ndi atatu; n=51), oyankha pang'ono (osachepera kamodzi; n=20) ndi osayankha (n=16). Poyerekeza ndi amuna 30 athanzi omwe alibe ED, B-LH yoyambira (pakati +/-sd) mwa odwala 83 idachepa (13.6 +/-5.5 vs 31.7 +/-6.9 IU/L, P<0.001), ngakhale kuti I-LH idakwera pang'ono, koma m'malo abwinobwino, I-LH (5.3 +/-1.8 vs 3.4 +/-0.9 IU/L, P<0.001); chifukwa chake, chiŵerengero cha B/I LH chidachepa (3.6 +/-3.9 vs 9.7 +/-3.3, P<0.001).
Mofanana ndi zomwe tinaona kale pa seramu T, magulu atatu a zotsatira sanali osiyana kwambiri pa chilichonse mwa magawo atatuwa poyambira. Komabe, magulu a zotsatira anali osiyana pambuyo pa chithandizo. Kugwira ntchito kwa LH m'thupi kunawonjezeka kwambiri mwa anthu omwe anayankha mokwanira (pre-therapy=13.7+/-5.3, post-therapy=22.6+/-5.4, P<0.001), pang'ono mwa anthu omwe anayankha pang'ono (14.8+/-6.9 vs 17.2+/-7.0, P<0.05) koma sanasinthe mwa anthu omwe sanayankhe (11.2+/-2.2 vs 12.2+/-5.1). Kusintha kofananako kunapita mbali yosiyana ya I-LH (5.2+/-1.7 vs 2.6+/-5.4, P<0.001; 5.4+/-2.2 vs 4.0+/-1.7, P<0.05; 5.6+/-1.2 vs 5.0+/-1.2, motsatana), ndipo mbali imodzi ndi B-LH ya chiŵerengero cha B/I (3.7+/-4.1 vs 11.8+/-7.8, P<0.001; 4.2+/-4.3 vs 5.8+/-4.2, P<0.05; 2.1+/-0.7 vs 2.6+/-1.3, motsatana).
Tikuganiza kuti kuchepa kwa testosterone m'magazi mwa odwala ED kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ntchito ya LH. Kuchepa kwa ntchito ya bioactivity kumeneku kumatha kusinthidwa, bola ngati kuyambiranso kuchita zogonana kukuchitika mosasamala kanthu za njira yochiritsira. Chifukwa mphamvu ya mahomoni a pituitary imayendetsedwa ndi hypothalamus, kuchepa kwa ntchito ya LH kuyenera kukhala chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ntchito ya hypothalamic komwe kumakhudzana ndi kusokonezeka kwa maganizo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusachita zogonana.
MAFUNSO: Olemba amati kupititsa patsogolo kugonana kumawonjezera LH ndi testosterone mwa amuna omwe amachitira ED. Palibe amuna omwe anachiritsidwa ndi mahomoni, ndipo otsika testosterone sanali chifukwa cha ED. Ngati ndi zoona kwa amuna abwino, izi zikusonyeza kuti kugonana / kuthamanga kungalepheretse kuchepa kwa testosterone.
Kupanda kugonana kwa erectile kukanika kumagwirizanitsa ndi kuchepetsa kusinthika mu serum testosterone.
Int J Androl. 1999 Dec;22(6):385-92.
Jannini EA , Screponi E , Carosa E , Pepe M , Lo Giudice F , Trimarchi F , Benvenga S.
Kudalirika
Udindo wa mahomoni a androgenic pa kugonana kwa anthu, momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe amapangira kusabereka ukukambidwa. Ngakhale kuti kugwiritsa ntchito testosterone ndikofala pa chithandizo chamankhwala cha kusabereka kwa amuna, hypogonadism ndi chifukwa chosowa cha kusabereka. Tinayesa kuchuluka kwa testosterone m'magazi mwa amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la kusabereka lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha zinthu zachilengedwe kapena zosakhala zachilengedwe asanayambe komanso atalandira chithandizo chosakhala cha mahomoni . Milandu makumi asanu ndi atatu motsatizana ya kusabereka (70% yachilengedwe, 30% yosakhala yachilengedwe, chifukwa cha mitsempha yamagazi chomwe chimachitika kawirikawiri) adayesedwa mahomoni asanayambe komanso atalandira mankhwala osiyanasiyana amisala, azachipatala (prostaglandin E1, yohimbine) kapena mankhwala amakina (opaleshoni ya mitsempha, ma prostheses a mbolo, zida zotsukira m'mimba).
Amuna athanzi okwana zaka makumi atatu anali gulu lolamulira. Poyerekeza ndi anthu olamulira, odwala omwe anali ndi vuto la kusabereka chifukwa cha zinthu zachilengedwe komanso zopanda chilengedwe anasonyeza kuchepa kwa testosterone yonse m'magazi (11.1 +/- 2.4 vs. 17.7 +/- 5.5 nmol/L) ndi testosterone yaulere (56.2 +/- 22.9 vs. 79.4 +/- 27.0 pmol/L) (onse p < 0.001). Mosasamala kanthu za chifukwa chosiyana komanso njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira kusabereka, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa testosterone yonse m'magazi ndi testosterone yaulere (15.6 +/- 4.2 nmol/L ndi 73.8 +/- 22.5 pmol/L, motsatana) kunawonedwa mwa odwala omwe adachita zogonana bwino miyezi itatu atayamba kulandira chithandizo (p < 0.001).
M'malo mwake, kuchuluka kwa testosterone m'magazi sikunasinthe mwa odwala omwe chithandizo chawo sichinagwire ntchito. Popeza kuchuluka kwa testosterone kochepa komwe kunachitika asanalandire chithandizo sikunali kosiyana ndi chifukwa cha kusabereka, tikuganiza kuti mahomoni awa akugwirizana ndi kutayika kwa zochita zogonana, monga momwe zasonyezedwera ndi kukhazikika kwake ndi kuyambiranso kwa zochita zogonana pambuyo pa njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira. Zotsatira zake ndi zakuti kuchita zogonana kumatha kudzidyetsa kokha pakuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa testosterone.
MAFUNSO: Alemba amati kusagonana kumabweretsa testosterone. Mu phunziro ili pamwamba iwo amaganiza kuti izi zikhoza kukhala zokhudzana ndi nkhawa za ED, kapena zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kuyambiranso kwa kugonana komweko. Zovuta kuthetsa monga nkhani zonse zomwe zinayambitsidwa ndi ED, ndipo anali ndi testosterone yochepa.
Zovuta zakugonana pamasewera a seramu pambuyo povomerezeka ya penile.
Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2014 Sep 30;86(3):193-6. doi: 10.4081/aiua.2014.3.193.
ZOLINGA:
Kuika ziwalo zoberekera za mbolo ndi njira yomaliza yothandizira odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la erectile dysfunction. Odwala ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zawo zoberekera za mbolo bwino komanso nthawi zambiri pogonana ndi mbolo ndi nyini. Mabuku am'mbuyomu adawonetsa kuti kuchepa kwa zochita zogonana kunapangitsa kuti milingo ya testosterone m'magazi ichepe komanso mosemphanitsa. Cholinga cha kafukufukuyu chinali kufufuza momwe zochita zogonana zimakhudzira kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ogonana m'magazi pambuyo pogwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zoberekera za mbolo.
ZOCHITA NDI NJIRA:
Mu phunziro ili, tafufuza odwala sikisite seveni chifukwa cha kusintha kwawo kwa ma hormone omwe anali ndi penile prosthesis opaleshoni 2.7 ± 1.5 zaka zapitazo.
ZOKHUDZA:
Odwala ankagwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zawo zoberekera pogonana ndi avhareji ya nthawi 9.9 ± 5.7 pamwezi . Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate inali yokwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zotsatira za opaleshoni isanachitike (5.3 ± 2.6 vs 4.5 ± 2.9; p = 0.031). Avereji ya kuchuluka kwa testosterone m'magazi mwa odwala asanayambe komanso atagwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zoberekera po ...
POMALIZA:
Zotsatira za phunziroli zasonyeza kuti kuchita zachiwerewere kunasintha mahomoni a kugonana pakati pa amuna omwe anaikidwa penile prosthesis chifukwa cha erectile malingaliro.
Ndemanga: Kafukufuku wina wolemba umboni wapamwamba wa testosterone ndi DHT pamene kugonana kumawonjezeka kapena kubwereranso.
ZOCHITIKA KWA NTCHITO YAKUKULERA NDIKUSIYANA KWAKUTSATIRA:
[Kusintha kwanthawi ndi nthawi mu seramu ya testosterone mutatha kumwa amuna]
CHIDULE CHA 25 Disembala 2002;54(6):535-8.
Cholinga cha kafukufukuyu chinali kudziwa kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ogonana mwa amuna pambuyo potulutsa umuna. Kuchuluka kwa testosterone m'magazi mwa amuna 28 odzipereka kunafufuzidwa tsiku lililonse panthawi yosiya umuna pambuyo potulutsa umuna. Tinapeza kuti kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa testosterone kuyambira tsiku lachiwiri mpaka tsiku lachisanu la kusiya umuna kunali kochepa. Pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri la kusiya umuna, testosterone yapamwamba kwambiri m'magazi inaonekera, kufika pa 145.7% ya chiyambi (P<0.01). Pambuyo potulutsa umuna, palibe kusinthasintha kwanthawi zonse komwe kunawonedwa . Kutulutsa umuna kunali chiyambi cha zochitika za masiku 7. Ngati panalibe umuna, panalibe kusintha kwa nthawi ndi nthawi mu testosterone m'magazi. Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti kusintha kwa nthawi ndi nthawi mu testosterone m'magazi kumachitika chifukwa cha kutulutsa umuna.
NDEMANGA: Kafukufukuyu anayeza mulingo wa T tsiku lililonse, kwa nthawi yodziwika, ndipo ofufuzawo sanapeze kusiyana kulikonse asanafike kapena pambuyo pa kukwera kwa tsiku limodzi. Kukwera kwa tsiku limodzi kumeneku kumasonyeza kuzungulira komwe kumayamba chifukwa cha kufika pachimake. Milingo ya testosterone siimakwera pang'onopang'ono patatha masiku 7 kuti ifike pa 146% ya chiyambi. Ndipo milingo siimatsika pang'onopang'ono. Ndi kukwera kwa tsiku limodzi —kukwera ndi kubwerera m'mbuyo. Pakuyeza kwina kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, milingo ya testosterone imakhalabe mkati mwa mulingo wabwinobwino. Milingo ya testosterone m'magazi imayendetsedwa ndi zizindikiro za mahomoni zochokera ku hypothalamus. Ndizachilendo kuti kukwera kwa mahomoni kuyambitsa mahomoni ena kapena zochitika zathupi. Palibe amene akudziwa kufunika kwa kuzungulira kwa plasma-testosterone kumeneku komwe kumayamba chifukwa cha umuna.
zolemba: Kafukufukuyu ndi ena mwa omwe amatchulidwa kawirikawiri pamabwalo omwe abambo amakambirana zolimbitsa thupi, masewera olimbitsa thupi,
kugonana, thanzi ndi zina zotero. Chonde kumbukirani zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza kusinthasintha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa testosterone, kuphatikizapo mtundu wa zochitika kapena masewera olimbitsa thupi, kukopa kugonana, chikhalidwe cha anthu, maganizo, pheromones, nkhawa, maganizo, nyengo, ndi zina zotero.
Chidziwitso chachiwiri: Kafukufuku yemweyu adawonekera kwakanthawi ngati nkhani yachiwiri ya m'magazini yotchedwa, " Kafukufuku wokhudza ubale pakati pa umuna ndi kuchuluka kwa testosterone m'magazi mwa amuna ," koma adachotsedwa mu magazini ya Springer Link yomwe idanena izi chifukwa inali yofanana ndi kafukufuku yemwe adanenedwa pamwambapa. Sanachotsedwe chifukwa cha vuto ndi kafukufuku woyambira! Zosokoneza.
Zambiri za thupi ndi testosterone ya plasma mwa amuna onse
Marichi 1976 , Voliyumu 5 , Nkhani 2 , tsamba 125-132
Amuna makumi awiri adachita nawo kafukufuku wa miyezi iwiri wofufuza ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kuchuluka kwa testosterone m'magazi nthawi ya 8 koloko m'mawa ndi kuchuluka kwa orgasmic. M'kati mwa anthu omwe akhudzidwa, kuchuluka kwa testosterone kumalumikizidwa ndi nthawi yogonana. Komabe, pa anthu omwe akhudzidwa, ubalewo umasinthidwa. Miyezo yapakati ya testosterone inali yokwera kwa anthu omwe sachita zogonana kwenikweni.
NDEMANGA: Avereji ya testosterone inali yokwera mwa amuna omwe samachita zogonana kwenikweni. Koma—kuchita zogonana kunawonjezera testosterone mwa anthu—pafupifupi. Kafukufuku mmodzi uyu wochokera mu 1976 adanenanso kuti zochita zogonana zochepa zomwe zimagwirizana ndi testosterone yokwera – kwa anthu ena, koma osati onse. Komabe, kafukufukuyu adapezanso kuti kuchuluka kwa testosterone kwakukulu kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi nthawi yochita zogonana. Zotsutsana pang'ono. Tiyeni tiyike kafukufukuyu m'nkhani yake: Sipanachitikepo ndipo ili ndi zinthu zambiri zosalamulirika. Maphunziro ena onse a nyama ndi anthu omwe amafufuza testosterone ndi 1) kuchuluka kwa umuna wambiri, 2) kudziletsa, 3) kuchuluka kwa zochita zogonana, ndi 4) kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa umuna, lipoti la ubale wochepa kapena wopanda pakati pa kutulutsa umuna/kudziletsa ndi kuchuluka kwa testosterone.
Chitetezo cha Endocrine pogwiritsa ntchito maliseche-kutengeredwa mwachisawawa kwa amuna abwino atatha kudziletsa kugonana kwa 3.
Exton MS, Krüger TH, Bursch N, Haake P, Knapp W, Schedlowski M, Hartmann U.
World J Urol. 2001 Nov; 19 (5): 377-82
Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wafufuza momwe nthawi ya masabata atatu yodziletsa kugonana imakhudzira momwe neuroendocrine imayankhira pa nthawi yogonana chifukwa cha maliseche. Zizindikiro za mahomoni ndi mtima zinayesedwa mwa amuna khumi athanzi panthawi yogonana komanso nthawi yogonana chifukwa cha maliseche. Magazi ankatengedwa mosalekeza ndipo zizindikiro za mtima zinkayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse. Njirayi inkachitika kawiri kwa aliyense amene watenga nawo mbali, asanayambe komanso atatha milungu itatu yodziletsa kugonana. Pambuyo pake plasma inafufuzidwa kuti ione kuchuluka kwa adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, prolactin, luteinizing hormone ndi testosterone. Kuchuluka kwa orgasm kunawonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi, kugunda kwa mtima, ma catecholamines a m'magazi ndi prolactin. Zotsatirazi zinawonedwa asanayambe komanso atasiya kugonana. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngakhale kuti testosterone ya m'magazi sinasinthidwe ndi maliseche, kuchuluka kwa testosterone kunawonedwa atatha nthawi yodziletsa. Deta iyi ikuwonetsa kuti kudziletsa kwambiri sikusintha momwe neuroendocrine imayankhira pa maliseche koma kumapanga testosterone yambiri mwa amuna.
NDEMANGA: Mawu a chidule ndi olakwika. Kafukufuku wonse akutsutsana kwathunthu ndi zomwe ndalemba molimba mtima. Onani nambala 4 pamwambapa
ZOCHITIKA ZISANU NDI ZIWIRI ZA KUKHALA MWACHIKHULUPIRIRO PA MZIMU WACHITATU
Neuroendocrine ndi machitidwe a mtima kumaganizo okhudzana ndi kugonana ndi zolaula mwa amuna.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1998 May;23(4):401-11
Deta yokhudza momwe neuroendocrine imayankhira pa chilakolako chogonana ndi kutopa kwa amuna sizikugwirizana. Mu kafukufukuyu, amuna khumi athanzi omwe adadzipereka adayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse kuti adziwe momwe mtima wawo ndi mitsempha yawo zimayankhira pa chilakolako chogonana ndi kutopa kwa kugonana. Magazi adatengedwa nthawi zonse asanayambe, panthawi komanso pambuyo pa kugonana koyambitsidwa ndi maliseche ndipo adawunikidwa kuti awone kuchuluka kwa adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, growth hormone (GH), beta-endorphin ndi testosterone m'magazi. Kutopa kwa thupi kunayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa kugunda kwa mtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kuchuluka kwa noradrenaline m'magazi. Kuchuluka kwa prolactin m'magazi kunawonjezeka panthawi ya orgasm ndipo kunakhalabe kokwera mphindi 30 pambuyo pa orgasm. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, palibe chilichonse mwa zinthu zina za endocrine chomwe chinakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chilakolako chogonana ndi kutopa kwa kugonana.
ZOKUTHANDIZANI: Maseŵera a testosterone afupika osakhudzidwa ndi mphukira-yomwe imatsutsana ndi phunziro lotsatira.
Zotsatira za endocrine za kugonana maliseche mwa amuna
Journal of Endocrinology, Vol 70, Magazini 3, 439-444 1976 ndi Society for Endocrinology
Milingo ya pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), oestrone, oestradiol, cortisol ndi luteinizing hormone (LH) inayesedwa mu plasma ya gulu la anyamata achichepere, omwe amawoneka kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino asanayambe komanso atamaliza kudziseweretsa maliseche. Ma steroids omwewo adapezekanso mu kafukufuku wowongolera, momwe kuyembekezera kwamaganizo kudziseweretsa maliseche kunalimbikitsidwa, koma kuchitapo kanthu sikunachitike. Milingo ya ma steroids onse m'magazi idakwera kwambiri pambuyo podziseweretsa maliseche, pomwe milingo ya ma steroid sinasinthe mu kafukufuku wowongolera. Kusintha kwakukulu kwambiri pambuyo podziseweretsa maliseche kunawonedwa mu milingo ya pregnenolone ndi DHA. Palibe kusintha komwe kunawonedwa mu milingo ya LH m'magazi. Milingo ya testosterone m'magazi isanayambe komanso itatha kudziseweretsa maliseche inali yogwirizana kwambiri ndi ya DHT ndi oestradiol, koma osati ndi ya ma steroids ena omwe adaphunziridwa. Kumbali ina, milingo ya cortisol inali yogwirizana kwambiri ndi ya pregnenolone, DHA, androstenedione ndi oestrone. Mu anthu omwewo, milingo ya pregnenolone, DHA, androstenedione, testosterone ndi DHT, androstenedione ndi oestrone. Mu anthu omwewo, milingo ya pregnenolone, DHA, androstenedione, testosterone ndi DHT mu seminal plasma inayerekezeredwanso; zonse zinali zogwirizana kwambiri ndi milingo ya steroid yofanana m'magazi omwe amachotsedwa musanayambe komanso mutatha kudziseweretsa maliseche. Zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti nthawi iliyonse magazi ndi umuna zikafufuzidwa, kutengedwa kwa magazi kuyenera kuchitika musanayambe kusonkhanitsa umuna.
ZOKUTHANDIZANI: Maseŵera a testosterone afupika adakwera kwambiri, koma osachepera kuposa ma steroids ena. Komabe, zotsatirazi zikuwerengedwa ndi maphunziro ena angapo.
Ubale wa testosterone wa serum ku chiwerewere ku amuna achikulire okhwima.
J Gerontol. 1982 Meyi;37(3):288-93.
Kudalirika
Pali malipoti a kuchepa kwa zochita zogonana komanso testosterone m'magazi mwa amuna okalamba koma palibe mgwirizano uliwonse womveka bwino pakati pa zinthu ziwirizi. Mu kafukufuku wa Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging, ngakhale kuti testosterone m'magazi sinachepe ndi ukalamba, zochita zogonana zinachepa kwambiri. Mwa amuna opitirira zaka 60, omwe anali ndi kuchuluka kwa zochita zogonana (kwa zaka) anali ndi kuchuluka kwa testosterone m'magazi . Ngakhale kuti tinapeza mgwirizano wosiyana pakati pa testosterone ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi, panalibe ubale pakati pa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi ndi zochita zogonana. Sitinapezenso mgwirizano pakati pa testosterone kapena zochita zogonana ndi kusuta fodya kapena matenda a mtima. Anthu omwe amamwa mowa woposa 4 oz wa ethanol patsiku anali ndi mwayi wochepa wochita zogonana koma sanachepe kuchuluka kwa testosterone. Deta yathu ikusonyeza kuti, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa testosterone m'magazi ndi kumwa ethanol kungakhudze zochita zogonana mwa amuna okalamba pamlingo wina, ukalamba wokha ukuwonekabe kukhala wosintha kwambiri.
NDEMANGA: Amuna opitirira zaka 60, omwe ali ndi milingo yayikulu yogonana (monga msinkhu) anali ndi milingo yayikulu kwambiri ya testosterone m'magazi . Izi sizikugwirizana ndi meme yoti umuna umawononga testosterone yambiri.
AMENYE NDI MAVUTO AMADZIWA ZINTHU ZOFUNIKA KUKHALITSIDWA NDI ANTHU OSATHA ED
Mankhwala a testosterone a plasma omwe amagwira ntchito mogonana komanso osagwira ntchito.
Schwartz MF, Kolodny RC, Masters WH. Zokambirana Zogonana Behav. 1980 Oct; 9 (5): 355-66
Kuchuluka kwa testosterone m'magazi mwa amuna 341 omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana kunayerekezeredwa ndi kwa amuna 199 omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana kwabwinobwino. Anthu onse omwe adatenga nawo gawo mu pulogalamu ya masabata awiri yothandizira kugonana kwamphamvu ku Masters & Johnson Institute. Kuzindikira kwa testosterone kunapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira za radioimmunoassay pambuyo pa column chromatography; zitsanzo zonse zamagazi zinapezeka tsiku lachiwiri la chithandizo pakati pa 8:00 ndi 9:00 am pambuyo pa kusala kudya usiku wonse. Kuchuluka kwa testosterone m'magazi mwa amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana kwabwinobwino (avereji 635 ng/dl) sikunali kosiyana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa testosterone mwa amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la kugonana (avereji 629 ng/dl). Komabe, amuna omwe ali ndi vuto loyamba la kugonana (N = 13) anali ndi kuchuluka kwa testosterone kwakukulu kuposa amuna omwe ali ndi vuto lachiwiri la kugonana (N = 180), omwe ali ndi milingo yapakati ya 710 ndi 574 ng/dl, motsatana (p < 0.001). Avereji ya testosterone mwa amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la umuna wotuluka m'thupi inali 660 ng/dl (N = 15), pomwe kwa amuna omwe amatuluka msanga m'thupi, avareji inali 622 ng/dl (N = 91). Kuchuluka kwa testosterone m'magazi sikunali kogwirizana ndi zotsatira za chithandizo koma kunagwirizana ndi zaka za odwala.
MAFUNSO: Monga akunena-si kusiyana kwakukulu m'magulu a testosterone pakati pa anyamata opanda mphamvu ndi ozolowereka. Kutsiliza kuyenera kukhala kuti amuna ambiri opanda mphamvu alibe ziphuphu. Zotsatira zake n'zakuti maseŵera a testosterone sali ochita chidwi kwambiri pamasewera apadera-kuphatikizapo chitsimikizo chotsatira-chifukwa chakuti kusiyana kwa nthawi yaitali pakati pa ejaculator ndi osadziwika sikuchitika.
Kodi pali kugwirizana pakati pa mahomoni ogonana ndi erectile? Zotsatira zochokera ku Massachusetts Male Aging Study.
J Urol. 2006 Dec;176(6 Pt 1):2584-8.
Kufala kwa matenda osokoneza bongo kumawonjezeka pamene amuna akula. Panthawi imodzimodzi, kusintha kwa zaka zakubadwa kumachitika kumagwiridwe a amuna otsirizira. Tinafufuza mgwirizano wa erectile dysfunction ndi testosterone, testosterone yosagwiritsidwa ntchito, biloboni-binding globulin ndi hormone ya luteinizing.
Deta zinapezedwa kuchokera ku Massachusetts Male Aging Study, kuwerengera gulu la anthu a 1,709. Kusagwirizana kwa erectile komwe kunanenedwa kunadziwika kuti kunali kosavuta kapena koopsa chifukwa palibe kapena ayi. Mavuto osiyana siyana ndi 95% CI amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mgwirizano pakati pa mahomoni ogonana ndi erectile dysfunction. Mitundu yambiri yowonongeka yogwiritsidwa ntchito yodzigwiritsira ntchito inagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso zosokoneza zomwe zikuchitika kuphatikizapo msinkhu, chiwerengero cha mthupi, kupezeka kwa abwenzi, phosphodiesterase mtundu wa 5 inhibitor ntchito, kuvutika maganizo, shuga ndi matenda a mtima.
Pogwiritsira ntchito deta kuchokera kumtsata wotsatira, zowonongeka zinachitidwa pa amuna a 625 omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chonse. Kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa erectile kutayika kwa matenda kunkawoneka ndi kuchuluka kwa testosterone ndi testosterone zonse zomwe sizikupezeka. Komabe, zotsatirazi sizinawonetseke pambuyo polamulira kuti zikhale zosokoneza. Kuwonjezeka kwa ma-hormone a luteinizing (8 IU / l kapena akuluakulu) ankagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha erectile disfection (kusintha OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.55-5.48) poyerekezera ndi maimoni ochepa omwe amachititsa kuti asapangidwe ndi 6 IU / l. Kuphatikizana kwakukulu pakati pa hormone ya luteinizing ndi ma testosterone onse akuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa ma testosterone kunayenderana ndi kuchepa kwa chiopsezo cha erectile pakati pa amuna omwe ali ndi makina a hormone a luteinizing kuposa 6 IU / l.
Mu gulu lalikulu la amuna okalamba lomwe lili m'gulu la anthu ambiri, sitinapeze mgwirizano uliwonse pakati pa testosterone yonse, testosterone yomwe imapezeka m'thupi, globulin yomangira mahomoni ogonana ndi vuto la erectile. Kuchuluka kwa testosterone kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa chiopsezo cha erectile dysfunction mwa amuna okha omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a luteinizing.
Pituitary gonadal dongosolo amagwira ntchito kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la erectile ndi kukwera msanga.
Arch Sex Behav. Januwale 1979;8(1):41-8.
Dongosolo la pituitary testicular linaphunziridwa mwa amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la maganizo. Odwala asanu ndi atatu omwe ali ndi vuto loyamba la erectile impotence azaka zapakati pa 22-36, amuna asanu ndi atatu omwe ali ndi vuto la erectile impotence azaka zapakati pa 29-55, ndi amuna 16 omwe ali ndi vuto la erectile impotence azaka zapakati pa 23-43 anaphunziridwa. Gulu lomaliza linagawidwanso m'magulu awiri: odwala E1 (n = 7) omwe alibe ndi E2 (n = 9) omwe ali ndi nkhawa komanso khalidwe lopewa kuchita zinthu zogonana. Amuna khumi ndi asanu ndi mmodzi achikulire azaka zapakati pa 21-44 anali gulu lolamulira. Kuzindikira kunapangidwa pambuyo poyesedwa matenda amisala ndi thupi. Odwala omwe akudandaula makamaka kuti atayika chilakolako cha kugonana sanaganizidwe mu kafukufukuyu. Zitsanzo khumi zotsatizana zamagazi zinapezeka kwa maola atatu kuchokera kwa wodwala aliyense. Homoni ya Luteinizing (LH), testosterone yonse, ndi testosterone yaulere (yosamangidwa ndi mapuloteni) zinayesedwa. Kusanthula kwa ziwerengero sikunawonetse kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa odwala ndi olamulira abwinobwino.
Testosterone ndi testosterone zimamangiriza amuna omwe alibe mphamvu, oligospermia, azoospermia, ndi hypogonadism.
Br Med J. 1974 Mar 2;1(5904):349-51.
Avereji ya testosterone m'magazi (+/- SD), pogwiritsa ntchito Sephadex LH-20 ndi mgwirizano wa mapuloteni, inali 629 +/- 160 ng/100 ml kwa gulu la amuna 27 achikulire abwinobwino, 650 +/- 205 ng/100 ml kwa amuna 27 opanda mphamvu omwe ali ndi makhalidwe abwinobwino a kugonana, 644 +/- 178 ng/100 ml kwa amuna 20 omwe ali ndi oligospermia, ndi 563 +/- 125 ng/100 ml kwa amuna 16 omwe ali ndi azoospermia. Palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chimasiyana kwambiri. Kwa amuna 21 omwe ali ndi umboni wa hypogonadism, testosterone yapakati pa plasma (+/- SD), pa 177 +/- 122 ng/100 ml, inali yosiyana kwambiri (P < 0.001) ndi ya amuna abwinobwino. Avereji ya testosterone yomangira (monga momwe imayesedwera ndi kuchuluka kwa plasma komwe kumafunikira kuti amange 50% ya (3)H-testosterone tracer) inali yofanana kwa amuna abwinobwino, osabereka, komanso amuna oligospermic. Ngakhale kuti inali yotsika kwa amuna omwe ali ndi azoospermic, kusiyana kwake sikunali kofunikira (P >0.1). Kwa amuna 12 mwa amuna 16 omwe ali ndi hypogonadal, testosterone yomangira inali yachibadwa, koma kukwera kwa ma binding affection, kofanana ndi komwe kumapezeka mwa akazi abwinobwino kapena anyamata omwe ali ndi zaka zoyambira (pafupifupi kawiri kuchuluka kwa amuna akuluakulu), kunapezeka m'matenda anayi omwe anachedwa kutha msinkhu. Zomwe zapezekazi zimathandiza kufotokoza chifukwa chake mankhwala a androgen nthawi zambiri sagwira ntchito pochiza kusabereka.
Zotsatira za testosterone pa ntchito yogonana mwa amuna: zotsatira za meta-analysis.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2005 Okutobala;63(4):381-94.
Udindo wa androgen umachepa pa kugonana kwa amuna akuluakulu ndi kutsutsana. Kufotokozera ngati ntchito yogonana idzapindula ndi chithandizo cha testosterone (T) mwa amuna omwe ali ndi gawo la Serum T kapena pang'ono, tinayambitsa ndondomeko yowonongeka ndi kufufuza kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi malo omwe analembedwa m'zaka zapitazo za 30. Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kufufuza ndi kuyerekeza zotsatira za T m'madera osiyanasiyana a moyo wa kugonana.Zotsatiridwa ndi zifukwa zosadziwika, deta yothandizira pulojekitiyi ndi khalidwe loyesedwa ndi owerengera awiri omwe akudziimira okha, mayesero onse oyendetsedwa ndi 17 oyendetsa malowa anali akupezeka kuti ali woyenerera. Pa gawo lililonse la ntchito ya kugonana tinawerengera kusiyana pakati pa T ndi kusiyana ndi T ndipo tinalongosola zotsatira za ziwerengero za mankhwala a T pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosasinthika ya meta-analytical. Kuwonetsa, kusinthika komanso kusasinthasintha kwa zomwe anapeza pamaphunziro anafufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuwonetsetsa komanso kusanthula zofufuza.
ZOKHUDZA:
Ponseponse, anthu 656 adayesedwa: 284 adasankhidwa mwachisawawa ku T, 284 adapatsidwa placebo (P) ndipo 88 adathandizidwa mu cross-over. Kutalika kwa kafukufukuyu kunali miyezi 3 (kuyambira miyezi 1-36). Kusanthula kwathu kwa meta kunawonetsa kuti mwa amuna omwe ali ndi T yapakati pa 12 nmol/l, chithandizo cha T chinawongolera pang'ono kuchuluka kwa kugonana usiku, malingaliro ogonana ndi chilimbikitso, kuchuluka kwa kugonana bwino, kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya erectile ndi kukhutitsidwa kwathunthu kwa kugonana, pomwe T sinakhudze ntchito ya erectile mwa amuna a eugonadal poyerekeza ndi placebo. Kusiyana kwa mitundu kudafufuzidwa pofufuza magulu malinga ndi mawonekedwe a anthu omwe adaphunzira. Mtengo wocheperako wa 10 nmol/l wa anthu ofufuzawo sunathe kulosera zotsatira za chithandizo, pomwe kukhalapo kwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la vasculogenic erectile dysfunction (ED), matenda ena ogwirizana ndi nthawi yochepa yowunikira zidalumikizidwa ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu za chithandizo m'maphunziro omwe adachitika mu hypogonadal, koma osati mwa amuna a eugonadal. Kusanthula kwa meta-regression kunawonetsa kuti zotsatira za T pa ntchito ya erectile, koma osati chilakolako cha kugonana, zinali zotsutsana ndi kuchuluka kwa T koyambira. Kusanthula kwa meta kwa maphunziro omwe alipo kukuwonetsa kuti chithandizo cha T chingakhale chothandiza pakukweza ED ya vasculogenic mwa anthu osankhidwa omwe ali ndi T yotsika kapena yotsika. Umboni wa zotsatira zabwino za chithandizo cha T pa ntchito ya erectile uyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi machenjezo akuti zotsatira zake zimachepa pakapita nthawi, zimakhala zochepa pang'onopang'ono ndi kuchuluka kwa T koyambira, ndipo deta yachitetezo cha nthawi yayitali sikupezeka . Kusanthula kwa meta komwe kulipo kukuwonetsa kufunikira, ndi zovuta, za mayeso akuluakulu, anthawi yayitali, olamulidwa mwachisawawa kuti afufuze mwalamulo momwe T imagwirira ntchito m'malo mwa amuna azaka zapakati komanso okalamba omwe ali ndi T yotsika komanso ED.
ZOCHITIKA M'TESTOSTERONE ZINTHU ZOCHITIKA
Pulogalamu ya testosterone ya plasma mwa mwamuna.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1975 Mar; 40 (3): 492-500
Cholinga cha kafukufukuyu chinali kuyesa kuchuluka kwa testosterone m'magazi mwa amuna abwinobwino kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kufufuza nthawi ndi nthawi zomwe milingo imasinthasintha. Zitsanzo zamagazi zomwe zidapezeka kuchokera kwa anyamata 20 athanzi tsiku lililonse lachiwiri kwa miyezi iwiri zidayesedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuchuluka kwa testosterone yonse pogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa radioligand saturation pogwiritsa ntchito plasma ya mimba yochedwa. Kusinthasintha kwa milingo ya testosterone m'magazi panthawi yonseyi kunali kwakukulu kwa anthu ambiri; ma coefficients of variation anali kuyambira 14 mpaka 42% (apakatikati 21%). Kupezeka kwa ntchito za periodic mu kusinthaku kunayesedwa ndi njira 4 zosiyanasiyana, zodziyimira pawokha. Kugwirizana kwapafupi pakati pa njira zosachepera zitatu zowunikira kunapezeka kwa anthu 12 mwa anthu 20. Anthu 12 awa anali ndi milingo ya testosterone m'magazi yokhala ndi nthawi pakati pa masiku 8-30, ndi gulu la milingo pafupifupi masiku 20-22. Zambiri mwa milingo yotereyi zinali zofunika kwambiri pamlingo wa 5%. Avereji ya kuchuluka kwa ma cycle amenewa inali kuyambira 9 mpaka 28% ya avareji ya testosterone ya anthu omwe adatenga nawo gawo (pafupifupi 17%).
MAFUNSO: "Kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa testosterone m'magazi pa nthawi yonseyi kunali kwakukulu kwa anthu ambiri - kuyambira 14 mpaka 42% (apakatikati 21%)." Osati zokhazo koma zinthu zina zambiri zimakhudza milingo ya T, kuphatikiza mtundu wa masewera olimbitsa thupi, malingaliro, malo ochezera, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mowa, ndi zina zambiri.
MAPHUNZIRO OYERA KU MZIMU WA CHIKHULUPIRIRO NDI KUVALA KWA PORN:
1) Zotsatira zamakono zowonongeka zowonongeka mwa amuna ozolowereka.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1990;15(3):207-16.
Carani C , Bancroft J , Del Rio G , Granata AR , Facchinetti F , Marrama P.
Kudalirika
Mayankho a endocrine ku zolimbikitsa chilakolako cha kugonana mu labotale adayesedwa mwa anthu asanu ndi atatu wamba. Munthu aliyense adayesedwa kawiri. Nthawi ina, zolimbikitsa zopanda tsankho zokha ndi zomwe zidachitika. Pambuyo pa mphindi 15, makanema a mphindi 30 adawonetsedwa. Pankhani ya vuto la kugonana, nthawi ina, mafilimu awiri a mphindi 10 adaphatikizidwa ndi filimu yopanda tsankho ya mphindi 10. Zitsanzo za magazi za mphindi 15 zidatengedwa kuyambira pachiyambi cha mayeso aliwonse ndipo zidapitilira kwa maola 5 pambuyo pa mafilimu. Plasma idayesedwa kuti ipeze testosterone , LH, prolactin, cortisol, ACTH ndi beta-endorphin. Mkodzo udasonkhanitsidwa kwa maola 4 asanafike komanso maola 4 pambuyo pa mafilimu; izi zidayesedwa kuti ipeze adrenaline, noradrenaline ndi dopamine. Kugonana kudachitika chifukwa cha mafilimu achiwerewere m'magulu onse, monga momwe zikuwonetsera ndi mayankho a erectile ndi amalingaliro. Panalibe kusintha kwakukulu kwa mahomoni kapena catecholamine pambuyo pa zolimbikitsa zopanda tsankho kapena zopanda tsankho, kupatula kukwera kwa cortisol panthawi ya filimu yopanda tsankho koma osati yachiwerewere. Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti mu labotale, kugonana kwakukulu kumatha kuchitika popanda kusintha kwa endocrine kapena biochemical.
2) Mapulogalamu a neuroendocrine ndi mtima kumaganizo okhudzana ndi kugonana ndi chiwonongeko mwa amuna.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1998 Meyi;23(4):401-11.
Kudalirika
Deta yokhudza momwe neuroendocrine imayankhira pa chilakolako chogonana ndi kutopa kwa amuna sizikugwirizana. Mu kafukufukuyu, amuna khumi athanzi omwe adadzipereka adayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse kuti adziwe momwe mtima wawo ndi mitsempha yawo zimayankhira pa chilakolako chogonana ndi kutopa kwa kugonana. Magazi adatengedwa nthawi zonse asanayambe, panthawi komanso pambuyo pa chiwerewere choyambitsidwa ndi maliseche ndipo adawunikidwa kuti awone kuchuluka kwa adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, growth hormone (GH), beta-endorphin ndi testosterone m'magazi. Kutopa kwa thupi kunayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa kugunda kwa mtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kuchuluka kwa noradrenaline m'magazi. Kuchuluka kwa prolactin m'magazi kunawonjezeka panthawi ya chiwerewere ndipo kunakhalabe kokwera mphindi 30 pambuyo pa chiwerewere. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, palibe chilichonse mwa zinthu zina za endocrine chomwe chinakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chilakolako chogonana ndi kutopa kwa kugonana.
MAFUNSO: Ndawona zolemba zochepa za "sayansi" zomwe zimati kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa testosterone 100%. Kuchotsa ndikuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi njira yabwino yosungitsira kuchuluka kwanu kwa T. Komabe, sindinapezebe kafukufuku kuti nditsimikizire izi. Kafukufuku wambiri akuti kuseweretsa maliseche kulibe vuto lililonse pama testosterone.
Pharmacological komanso zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha kugonja kwa kugonana pakati pa makoswe
Scand J Psychol. 2003 Jul;44(3):257-63.
Fernández-Guasti A, Rodríguez-Manzo G.
Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Mexico. [imelo yotetezedwa]
Kudalirika
Nkhani yamakono ikufotokoza zomwe zapeza tsopano pa zochitika zosangalatsa za kugonana. Knut Larsson mu 1956 adafotokoza za kukula kwa kugonana kwa amuna amphongo pambuyo pobwereza. Taphunzira njirayi ndikupeza zotsatira zotsatirazi.
(1) Tsiku lina pambuyo pa maola a 4 a malingaliro a libitum, awiri mwa magawo atatu a anthu adasonyeza kuletsa kwathunthu khalidwe la kugonana, pamene gawo lina lachitatu likuwonetsa mndandanda umodzi wosasintha.
(2) Mankhwala amachiritso amodzi, kuphatikizapo 8-OH-DPAT, yohimbine, naloxone ndi naltrexone, amatsutsana ndi kugonana kumeneku, kusonyeza kuti njira za noradrenergic, serotonergic ndi opiate zikugwira ntchitoyi. Zoonadi, kulumikizana kwa matenda a ubongo kumasonyeza kusintha kwa matenda osiyanasiyana pa nthawi ya kugonana.
(3) Popeza kuti chilakolako cha kugonana chinali chokwanira, kusintha chilakolako cha kugonana kunaletsa chilakolako cha kugonana, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti pali zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chilakolako cha kugonana chikhale chofooka.
(4) GABA yemwe amatsutsana ndi bicuculline, kapena kukakamizidwa kwa magetsi kwa malo apakati, sanagwirizanitse kugonja kwa kugonana. Deta izi zimasonyeza kuti kugona kwa kugonana ndi nthawi ya postejaculatory (yomwe yafupikitsidwa ndi bicuculline administration) sichiyanjanitsidwa ndi njira zofananamo, ndipo zina, kuti malo amodzi omwe sagwirizane nawo sagwirizanitsa kugonana.
(5) Kuchuluka kwa ma androgen receptor m'malo a ubongo omwe amagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuwonetsa kwa khalidwe la amuna pogonana, monga medial preoptic nucleus, kunachepa kwambiri mwa nyama zomwe zinatopa pogonana. Kuchepa koteroko kunali kwapadera m'malo ena a ubongo ndipo sikunali kogwirizana ndi kusintha kwa milingo ya ma androgens. Zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti kusintha kwa ma androgen receptors mu ubongo kumayambitsa kuletsa khalidwe la kugonana lomwe limakhalapo panthawi yogonana.
(6) Kuchira kwa kukhuta pambuyo pa maola 4 a kugonana kwa ad libitum kukuwonetsa kuti, patatha masiku 4, 63% yokha ya amuna ndi omwe amatha kusonyeza khalidwe la kugonana pomwe patatha masiku 7 nyama zonse zimachita zogonana.
MAFUNSO: Mbali ya ubongo komwe kuchepa kwa phwando kumakhala kofanana kwambiri ndi zinyama zonse. Ngati kugwa kwa testosterone amalandila amapezeka mwa amuna, zikhoza kufotokoza chifukwa chake amuna ena amamverera ngati testosterone yawo ili yochepa pakapita nthawi, ndipo chifukwa chake amamverera ngati testosterone yawo imakhala ndi nthawi yodziletsa.
ZOYENERA: Kusintha kwa kanthawi kochepa kumeneku kumayesedwa mu ubongo wamba. Ngati ubongo wanu wasintha chifukwa cha kuledzeretsa, dopamine yanu imayambanso kusokonekera, mwinamwake osati kuchepa kwa testosterone receptors, ndipo mudzafunika nthawi yaitali kuti mubwererenso ku libido.
Komanso: # 4 - Kutopa ndi kugonana kunalephereka poyambitsa mkazi wachikazi (ndizomwe zolaula zimachita).
Kuwonjezeka kwa estrogen receptor alpha immunoreactivity mu makina a makoswe opatsirana pogonana.
Horm Behav. 2007 Marichi 51(3):328-34. Epub 2007 Jan 19.
Phillips-Farfán BV , Lemus AE , Fernández-Guasti A.
Dipatimenti ya Pharmacobiology, CINVESTAV, México City, México.
Kudalirika
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) imagwira ntchito yoletsa machitidwe a kugonana kwa amuna, makamaka m'malo a ubongo omwe ali mu limbic system. Amuna amitundu yambiri amakhala ndi vuto la nthawi yayitali la khalidwe logonana pambuyo potulutsa umuna kangapo, komwe kumadziwika kuti kukhuta. Zawonetsedwa kuti kuchuluka kwa androgen receptor kumachepa maola 24 pambuyo potulutsa umuna kamodzi kapena kukhuta , m'dera la medial preoptic, nucleus accumbens ndi ventromedial hypothalamus. Cholinga cha kafukufukuyu chinali kufufuza ngati kuchuluka kwa ERalpha kunasinthidwanso maola 24 pambuyo potulutsa umuna kamodzi kapena kukhuta. Kukhuta kugonana kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ERalpha mu anteromedial bed nucleus ya stria terminalis (BSTMA), ventrolateral septum (LSV), posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD), medial preoptic area (MPA) ndi nucleus accumbens core (NAc). Kutulutsa umuna kamodzi kunali kogwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa ERalpha mu BSTMA ndi MePD. Kuchuluka kwa ERalpha mu arcuate (Arc) ndi ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei (VMN), ndi kuchuluka kwa estradiol m'magazi sikunasinthe maola 24 pambuyo pa kutulutsa umuna kapena kugonana mpaka kukhuta. Deta iyi ikusonyeza ubale pakati pa zochita zogonana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ERalpha m'malo enaake a ubongo, mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwa estradiol m'magazi.
MAFUNSO: Estrogen receptors density imawonjezeka m'madera angapo pokhapokha kutayika, komanso kugonana. Mu phunziro lathunthu iwo amati kusintha uku kumatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa 24 hrs.
Chiyanjano Pakati pa Kugonana Kwakagonana ndi Ubongo Androgen Receptors.
Romano-Torres M, Phillips-Farfán BV, Chavira R, Rodríguez-Manzo G, Fernández-Guasti A.
Neuroendocrinology. 2007;85(1):16-26. Epub 2007 Jan 8.
Dipatimenti ya Pharmacobiology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, Mexico.
Kudalirika
Posachedwapa tinawonetsa kuti 24 h itatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kumachepetsa kuchepa kwa atrogen (ARD) m'dera lamapiri (MPOA) komanso m'maganizo otchedwa hypothalamic core (VMH), koma osati m'munsi mwa bedi la stria terminalis (BST).
Phunziroli lakonzedwa kuti liwone ngati ARD ikusintha m'madera amenewa komanso m'madera ena a ubongo, monga amygdala amodzi (MeA) ndi nsanamira yapadera, gawo lachilendo (LSV), lomwe limagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa chiwerewere pambuyo pa kugonana.
Makoswe aamuna adaperekedwa nsembe maola 48, maola 72 kapena masiku 7 atakhuta (maola 4 ndi libitum copulation) kuti adziwe ARd pogwiritsa ntchito immunocytochemistry; kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa testosterone m'magazi kunayesedwa m'magulu odziyimira pawokha omwe adaperekedwa nthawi yomweyo. Mu kafukufuku wina, amuna adayesedwa kuti abwererenso khalidwe lawo logonana maola 48, maola 72 kapena masiku 7 atakhuta. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti maola 48 atakhuta, 30% ya amuna adawonetsa umuna umodzi ndipo 70% yotsalayo idawonetsa kuletsa kwathunthu khalidwe lawo logonana. Kuchepa kwa khalidwe logonana kumeneku kunatsagana ndi kuchepa kwa ARd kokha mu gawo la MPOA-medial (MPOM) . Maola 72 atakhuta, panali kuyambiranso kwa zochita zogonana komwe kumatsatiridwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ARd ku milingo yolamulira mu MPOM komanso kuwonetsa kwambiri kwa ARd mu LSV, BST, VMH ndi MeA. Milingo ya testosterone m'magazi sinasinthidwe panthawi yomwe adakhuta. Zotsatirazi zikukambidwa potengera kufanana ndi kusiyana pakati pa ARd m'malo enaake a ubongo ndi machitidwe ogonana a amuna.
COMMENTS: Malingana ndi maphunziro ena a androgen amalandila pa tsiku 4, koma adakumananso kamodzi ndi tsiku 7
Mchitidwe wogonana umagwirizanitsa ndi testosterone ya plasma yotchedwa plasma m'matumbo a abambo a nyamakazi
Biol Reprod. 1984 Epulo;30(3):652-7.
Michael RP, Zumpe D, Bonsall RW.
Kudalirika
Pali umboni wakuti ma androgens ndi ofunikira kuti khalidwe la kugonana liwonetsedwe bwino mwa anyani aamuna, koma zakhala zovuta kufananiza zochitika zogonana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma androgens poyerekeza amuna osadwala . Mu kafukufukuyu, mayeso 4423 a khalidwe la anyani 32 a rhesus adachitika nthawi yofanana kwa zaka ziwiri, ndipo panalibe ubale wofunikira pakati pa kuchuluka kwa umuna ndi kuchuluka kwa testosterone m'magazi m'zitsanzo zomwe zidasonkhanitsidwa pa 0800, 1600 kapena 2200 h. Komabe, kukula kwa kusiyana kwa tsiku ndi tsiku pakati pa milingo yotsika ndi yapamwamba kwambiri kudagwirizana ndi khalidwe la kugonana. Pamene kuchuluka kwa zochitika zogonana kunkachitika nyengo, panali kuchepa kofanana kwa kuchuluka kwa testosterone m'magazi m'magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, amuna omwe anali ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa umuna adawonetsa kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri kwa testosterone m'magazi m'magazi. Kuyesera kwina kwa amuna 32 kudawonetsa kuti kuyesa kwa khalidwe kapena kuchitika kwa umuna sikunakhudze kuchuluka kwa testosterone m'magazi m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, tatsimikiza kuti ngati chifukwa chilichonse chikagwira ntchito chikanakhala chogwirizana ndi mphamvu ya mahomoni pa khalidwe . Zomwe zapezekazi zikusonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa testosterone usiku sikuwonjezera khalidwe ndipo kuchuluka kwa testosterone komwe kumasungidwa mkati mwa maola 24 kungakhale chifukwa chachikulu cha endocrine.
MAFUNSO: Apanso, masewera a testosterone ndi kutsekedwa kumakhala ndi mgwirizano pang'ono
Kuwonjezeka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo pambuyo poti kugonana kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kutsatira maliseche komanso kumapangitsa kuti satiety (2006)
Biol Psychol. 2006 Mar;71(3):312-5. Epub 2005 Ogasiti 10.
Gawo la Zamaganizo, Sukulu ya Sayansi ya Anthu, Yunivesite ya Paisley, Scotland, UK. [email protected]
Kudalirika
Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa prolactin pambuyo pa kufika pachimake kumakhudzidwa ndi njira yolumikizirana yomwe imachepetsa chilakolako cha kugonana kudzera mu njira zoletsa dopaminergic komanso njira zina zozungulira. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa prolactin pambuyo pa kufika pachimake ndi chizindikiro cha neurohormone cha kukhuta kwa kugonana. Pogwiritsa ntchito deta kuchokera ku maphunziro atatu a amuna ndi akazi omwe akuchita maliseche kapena kugonana ndi mbolo mpaka kufika pachimake mu labotale, tikunena kuti kwa amuna ndi akazi onse (omwe adasinthidwa kuti asinthe prolactin mu mkhalidwe wosakhala wolamulira kugonana), kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa prolactin pambuyo pa kugonana ndi kwakukulu ndi 400% kuposa komwe kumachitika pambuyo pa maliseche. Zotsatira zake zimatanthauzidwa ngati chizindikiro cha kugonana kukhala kokhutiritsa kwambiri kuposa maliseche, ndipo zidakambidwa poganizira kafukufuku wakale yemwe adanenanso za ubwino waukulu wa thupi ndi maganizo okhudzana ndi kugonana kuposa zochitika zina zilizonse zogonana.
MAFUNSO: Ichi chitha kukhala phunziro lokhalo lofananitsa kusiyana kwama mahomoni pakati pa kugonana ndi maliseche. Idamaliza kunena kuti kugonana kunadzutsa prolactin 400% kuposa kuseweretsa maliseche. Prolactin imatuluka pachimake, ndipo imagwira ntchito ngati njira zakugonana - imaletsa dopamine.