Pomaliza, a American Society of Addiction Medicine wagwira ntchito, popeza DSM sakanatero.
Zolakolako Zogonana ndi Kugonana Zogonana zimagwira gulu la zomwe zikubwera Kusanthula ndi Buku Lophatikiza la Mavuto a Mitsempha (DSM-5) pakadali pano akukambirana zakuti achotsepo malingaliro akuti "Matenda a Edzi”(Yomwe imalankhula zolaula, mwa zina) kuchokera Dysfunctions kugonana mpaka kumapeto. Komanso, membala wa gulu limalangiza zimenezo "Hypersexual Disorder" itha kuthetsedweratu, osapereka tsatanetsatane.
DSM ndi baibulo la zamisala. Ngati vuto silili mmenemo, makampani a inshuwaransi sangabwezeretse ndalama zochiritsira, chifukwa chake akatswiri azamisala samazindikira kuti ali nawo. Pankhani yazaumoyo, "Zenizeni ndi zomwe DSM imanena."
Kotero, ngati muyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti mokakamiza ... mwayi ndi waukulu. Matenda anu salipo ndipo mudzalandira chithandizo, ngati chilipo, cha zizindikiro zosasangalatsa za chizolowezi (monga nkhawa, ED, kuvutika maganizo, mavuto oganizira) poganiza kuti mavutowa adachitika kale, ndipo sakugwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwanu zolaula mopitirira muyeso. Palibe amene angakuuzeni za matenda anu enieni: kusintha kwa ubongo komwe kumakhudzana ndi chizolowezi. Ndizofanana ndi kukupatsani Vicodin chifukwa cha ululu wa kusweka kwa mwendo wanu m'malo mouyika - pomwe mukulola kuti mupitirize kuyenda popanda chitsulo.
Izi zikuchitika pamene gulu la ogwira ntchito ku DSM lochita juga latsimikiza kuti kukakamiza kwina kolimbikitsa kwambiri, kosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kutchova juga, kudzasinthidwa kukhala gulu losinthidwa dzina: Kuledzera ndi Matenda Okhudzana Ndi Kutchova Juga —kuti athe kuchiza odwala otere omwe ali ndi vuto la kuledzera . Kodi, m'dzina la sayansi, kukakamiza kumodzi (kutchova juga) kungadziwike bwanji kuti ndi chiopsezo cha kuledzera pomwe kwina (kugonana kokakamiza) kumachotsedwa mwachisawawa?
Kuledzera konse ndi nkhani ya sayansi
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, DSM yakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri popanga matenda atsopano amisala, zomwe zina mwa izo zachititsa kuti anthu azizindikira matenda mopitirira muyeso komanso kumwa mankhwala mopitirira muyeso. Tikumvetsa kuti ikufuna kuti isatulutse khosi lake chifukwa choti anthu amangothamangitsa katundu kapena kuonera makanema onyansa mopitirira muyeso.
Komabe, monga momwe kusinthidwa kwa kutchova juga kumasonyezera, zizolowezi zamakhalidwe tsopano ndi matenda otsimikizika "omwe amadziwika ndi kutayika kwa ulamuliro wabwino, komanso kusintha kwakukulu komanso koyezeka mu neurochemistry ya ubongo ." Njira zomwezo za thupi ndi njira za thupi zikugwira ntchito mu kutchova juga, masewera apakanema, kudya mopitirira muyeso, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso khalidwe logonana mopitirira muyeso. Tsopano tili ndi zida zoyezera (pakati pa anthu) kusintha kwa ubongo komwe kumakhudzana ndi zizolowezi zonse. Monga momwe katswiri wa mitsempha Max Wiznitzer adafotokozera,
Tikudziwa kale zomwe mbiri ya [ubongo] imaganizira zamakhalidwe osokoneza bongo komanso momwe mbiri yake iliri mu dongosolo la mphotho, lomwe ndi dongosolo la dopamine. … [T] yake ndi njira yokhayokha yosasunthira yomwe siyabwino. Ngakhale atakhala oledzeretsa bwanji, izi zikhudza madera omwewo.
Mofananamo, katswiri wa zamaganizo wa Stanford University Brian Knutson anati:
Zimakhala zomveka ngati mungathe kusokoneza [maulendo a ubongo omwe adasinthika kuti apereke mphotho yowonjezera moyo] ndi mankhwala, mukhoza kutero ndi madalitso achilengedwe.
Mwachidule, m'malo mochotsa kapena kuchotsa "Hypersexual Disorder" ku DSM, gulu la ogwira ntchito liyenera kuisuntha kupita ku chizolowezi chatsopano ndi matenda okhudzana ndi chiwerewere. DSM ikuvomereza kale kuti otchova juga omwe ali ndi matenda komanso omwe ali ndi machitidwe okakamiza kugonana nthawi zambiri amasonyeza zizindikiro zofanana, monga kulephera kuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito ngakhale zotsatirapo zoyipa ndikukulirakulira kukhala zolimbikitsa kwambiri. (Yerekezerani zofunikira apa ndi apa .)
Pali maphunziro ambiri otonthoza pa ubongo wa otchova juga pogwiritsa ntchito ma scan ndi mayeso, zomwe zikusonyeza bwino kuti kutchova juga mopitirira muyeso kungayambitse kusintha kwa thupi komwe kumafanana ndi kusintha kwa ubongo mwa ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pali maphunziro ochepa chabe pa zotsatira za ubongo chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zolaula pa intaneti kapena chizolowezi chogonana . Komabe, amavumbula mitundu ya kusintha koopsa komwe kumapezeka mu ubongo wa otchova juga.
Masamba osiyidwawa sakusonyeza kuti zolaula / macheza masiku ano sizingayambitse bongo, monga akatswiri azakugonana amanenera. Amatanthauza kuti kafukufuku wofunidwa sanachitikepo — ndipo sangachitike mwachangu — pazifukwa zomwe tifika kwakanthawi.
Ofufuza za kutchova juga apanga kale mayeso a magazi , mayeso a chidziwitso , komanso, kusanthula ubongo komwe kumayesa makhalidwe ofunikira a chizolowezi moyenerera. Ngakhale mayeso oterewa ndi osathandiza kwa munthu aliyense, athandiza kukhazikitsa njira zodziwira matenda okhudzana ndi chizolowezi. Mwina njira za DSM zodziwira chizolowezi cha hypersexual zitha kukonzedwa kale kuti zizindikire molondola kukhalapo (kapena kusakhalapo) kwa kusintha kokhudzana ndi chizolowezi: dopamine dysregulation (mayankho osasangalatsa), kuzindikira komanso kusadziona ngati munthu wosayenera.
Mwachitsanzo, pakhoza kukhala kusiyana kwakukulu muubongo wa wina yemwe akuwonetsa machitidwe amtundu wa Tiger Woods poyerekeza ndi munthu amene amakonda zolaula za pa intaneti masiku ano ndikuvutika kusiya. Taganizirani izi:
Pambuyo pa masabata angapo opanda PMO (zolaula / maliseche / maliseche), ndinayesa china chosiyana - M ndi O opanda P - zomwe sindinaganizepo. Patatha masiku awiri, ndidawonjezera P kwa MO mwakachetechete ndikubwerera. Zochitika ziwirizi zinali zosiyana kwambiri. MO yekha anali wodabwitsa, chifukwa ndinalibe phokoso losasangalatsa pambuyo pake, osasintha malingaliro. Kunapezeka kuti ndikumverera kokoma, kolimbikitsa. Mosiyana ndi izi, gawo lonse la PMO limamva ngati ndili pa DRUG. Chithunzi chilichonse chimasandutsa thupi langa kukhala lotentha kwambiri, lililonse lamphamvu kuposa lomaliza. Ndimamva ngati "dope surge" yothamanga kuchokera muubongo wanga kudutsa mthupi langa. Mwadzidzidzi ndimatha kumva ndikumva ZONSE mwamphamvu kwambiri. Ndiye zidakhala ngati mtambo wanzeru udandiphimba, ndipo zonse zidachita dzanzi. Kumva kumeneko kunatenga masiku awiri osachepera. Kuunikira.
Kungakhale kupanda nzeru kuyembekezera
Mosakayikira gulu la ogwira ntchito la DSM likufuna kuwona kafukufuku wowonjezereka asanachitepo kanthu kuti athandize omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha kusintha kwa ubongo chifukwa cha malo ogonana kwambiri masiku ano. Ifenso tingachite . Komabe, pano, kuchedwa kungakhale kosasamala, komanso koopsa kwambiri kwa iwo omwe amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso ali aang'ono. (Mosiyana ndi kutchova juga, komwe kumangokhala kwa akuluakulu omwe ali ndi ndalama, zolaula za pa intaneti ndi zaulere ndipo zimapezeka kwa mibadwo yonse.) Popanda kuzindikira bwino, achinyamata omwe amayamba kale ubongo wawo usanakule bwino ndikulowa mumkhalidwe wovuta kwambiri sangazindikire momwe kulinganira kumakhalira.
DSM iyenera kuchitapo kanthu tsopano. Ichi ndichifukwa chake:
1. Mosiyana ndi kutchova juga, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula masiku ano sikungokhala kwa anthu ochepa okha. Ziwerengero za 2008 zidawonetsa kuti 87 peresenti ya amuna, ndi 31 peresenti ya akazi, ogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta adawonera kale zolaula. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati gulu la DSM likuganizira molakwika za kuopsa kwa zolaula, pali kuthekera kwa ambiri kuvutika kosafunikira mpaka gulu lina la DSM litasintha njira yake. Kafukufuku watsopano wa achinyamata 2000 aku Sweden omwe amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti pogonana akuwonetsa kuti 5% ya akazi ndi 13% ya amuna anena mavuto ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo. Kafukufuku wa 2009 wa amuna aku koleji aku US adapeza kuti ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amavomereza mavuto okhudzana ndi zolaula. Deta iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri chifukwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula/macheza achichepere sangaone khalidwe logonana mopitirira muyeso ngati vuto. Ndipotu, ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri omwe ali ndi mavuto, makamaka omwe amalowa mu vuto la erectile dysfunction, sazindikira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti ndiko komwe kumayambitsa zizindikiro zawo zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi mpaka milungu ingapo atasiya , ndipo amakumana ndi kusintha kwa malingaliro, chilakolako chocheza, komanso kuyankha pogonana. Ngati mukudziwa kuti anzanu akhala akuonera zolaula pa intaneti kuyambira pomwe adayamba, ndipo akatswiri amanena kuti palibe chinthu chonga "kupitirira muyeso," zizindikiro zanu ziyenera kukhala zoyipa kwambiri musanaganizirenso chifukwa chake. Komabe, akatswiri a urologist aku Italy akuyamba kupanga kulumikizana pakati pa kusabereka ndi zolaula.
2. Kafukufuku wochulukirapo angakhale wabwino, koma sikofunikira kuzindikira kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mokakamiza ngati vuto lokhudzana ndi chizolowezi. Umboni wa zaka 10 zapitazi tsopano umatsimikizira mwamphamvu kuthekera kwa mphotho zachilengedwe zoledzeretsa. Wapampando wa sayansi ya ubongo ku Mount Sinai Medical Center Eric Nestler akuti, "Umboni wokulirapo ukusonyeza kuti njira ya VTA-NAc ndi madera ena a limbic ... amalimbikitsa, makamaka pang'ono, zotsatira zabwino zamalingaliro a mphotho zachilengedwe, monga chakudya, kugonana ndi kuyanjana ndi anthu. Madera omwewa aphatikizidwanso mu zomwe zimatchedwa 'chizolowezi chachilengedwe' (ndiko kuti, kudya mokakamiza mphotho zachilengedwe) monga kudya mopitirira muyeso, kutchova juga kwa matenda ndi zizolowezi zogonana." Mwachidule, zolaula zolimbikitsa kwambiri masiku ano zili ndi mphamvu yoletsa dopamine muubongo wa ogwiritsa ntchito ena - kaya asayansi adafufuzapo za zotsatira za zolaula pa intaneti paubongo kapena ayi.
3. Asayansi apezanso zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha chizolowezi, monga kusavuta kupeza (zolaula zopanda malire zimapezeka maola 24 patsiku) komanso zatsopano zomwe zimafunidwa. Mwanjira ina, pali zifukwa zomveka zasayansi zotsimikizira kuti zolaula zamasiku ano zimatha kuyambitsa kusintha kwa ubongo komwe kungasokoneze ufulu wosankha, kuchepetsa kuyankha ku zosangalatsa, ndikufalikira kukhala chizolowezi chokwanira. Akatswiri ogonana pakadali pano amaika zolaula zonse m'gulu lomwelo "lopanda vuto", koma, kwenikweni, zolaula za pa intaneti ndizowopsa kwambiri kuposa zolaula zosasinthika, kapena ngakhale ma DVD obwereka akale. N'zokayikitsa kuti munthu angayambitse ED maliseche kwa Playboy kapena kubwereka mnyamata wa pizza akuchita kasitomala. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kudina mosavuta kuti mupeze zatsopano komanso zosiyanasiyana ndikuyang'ana zinthu zabwino, zotentha, kapena zopangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi nkhawa zambiri kumatulutsa dopamine yomwe ingagonjetse kukhuta kwachilengedwe ndikupangitsa kuti munthu asamayende bwino. Zatsopano zimatha kukhala mphotho yake ya neurochemical mosiyana ndi kufika pachimake. Simungafunenso kuluma burger wina ... koma mudzadya katatu ma calories a mchere mu mawonekedwe a cheesecake. Kuchuluka kwa dopamine mu ubongo wanu kumawononga chilakolako cha kukhuta.
4. Chiwopsezo chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula mokakamiza chikukula pamene achinyamata akuyamba ndi zinthu zolimbikitsa kwambiri. (Ubongo wachinyamata umapanga dopamine yambiri ndipo umakhala wapulasitiki kwambiri.) Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti zolaula sizowopsa, mawebusayiti obwezeretsa zolaula akuonekera pa intaneti. Alendo kumasamba otere ndi alendo kumasamba a Q&A monga Medhelp ndi Yahoo Answers amanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mokakamiza ndi zizindikiro zina zomwe zimafala kwa onse omwe ali ndi vutoli: kusiya , kulolerana (kufunika kowonjezera kukondoweza), nkhawa yayikulu, kusintha zinthu zofunika , ndi zina zotero. Ena amakhala ndi nkhawa yosagwirizana ndi anthu , mavuto oganizira, komanso kuchedwa kutulutsa umuna/ED . Kafukufuku wa ubongo akusonyeza kuti zizindikiro zonsezi zitha kufotokozedwa bwino ndi dopamine dysregulation muubongo—khalidwe lofunika la zizolowezi zonse.
5. Pomaliza, ngati DSM ikana kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mokakamiza kuchokera m'buku lomwe likubwera, ndani amene angathandizire kuyesa kafukufuku wowonjezera wa ubongo? DSM siili ndi chidwi chofufuza mozama. Ofufuza za kugonana sakulimbikitsa izi chifukwa ambiri sanaphunzitsidwe kumvetsetsa (ndipo motero amakana) kufunika kwake. Ofufuza za chizolowezi cha khalidwe amamvetsetsa kufunika kwake, koma amakonda kuyang'ana kwambiri ntchito zawo kwina (kunenepa kwambiri, kutchova juga, kusewera pakompyuta)—mwanjira ina kuti apewe kuneneza mwamphamvu kuti "akupangitsa anthu osadziwa zambiri" kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino. Kuphatikiza apo, palibe chifukwa choyembekezera kafukufuku wangwiro chifukwa ofufuza adzakhalabe olepheretsedwa mukuyesetsa kwawo kuyeza zotsatira zenizeni za zolaula pa intaneti. Kafukufuku wamba sangafikire pamlingo wonse wa zotsatira za ubongo. Maphunziro opangidwa bwino akukumana ndi vuto lalikulu: N'zovuta kupeza magulu olamulira a "anamwali " a zolaula. Ngakhale atakhala kuti angapezeke, sizingatheke kuti makomiti a makhalidwe abwino angavomereze kuwonetsa anthu osadziwa zinthu zachiwerewere kuzinthu zoopsa, komanso zomwe zingasinthe ubongo, zomwe zimawonedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri masiku ano.
Mwachidule, ngati DSM silingachite, titha kudikirira nthawi yayitali kuti gulu lina lantchito ya DSM likonze zinthu. Pakadali pano, othandizira azaumoyo alibe njira yodziwira ndikuchiza zolaula zomwe odwala amachita chifukwa kulibe. Zowonadi, ndizotheka kuti azachipatala ambiri (omwe ali ndi makasitomala ofunitsitsa kuti asiye kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula) angakwiye ngati atadziwa bwino cholinga cha gululi kuti asunthe kapena kuchotsa "Hypersexual Disorder" mwakachetechete.
Kulimbitsa wothandizira
Mosiyana ndi njira yachipatala, yomwe imanena kuti tonsefe ndife abwinobwino mpaka titadutsa mzere wongoganizira mpaka kufika pa matenda, kugwiritsa ntchito hyperstimuli ndi vuto lalikulu kwa ambiri. Ngati DSM ingavomereze kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mopitirira muyeso ndi vuto lokhudzana ndi chizolowezi, zingathandize mwachisawawa kuphunzitsa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za zizindikiro zomwe zimawonetsa chizolowezi kuntchito asanakhale chizolowezi.
Mwachitsanzo, zitha kudziwika msanga kuti kuchepa kwa anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula si "zachilendo," koma umboni wololerana; zizindikirazo zitha kuchepa ngati ogwiritsa ntchito ayimitsa ndikupatsa ubongo wawo nthawi yobwezeretsa chidwi; kuti kusiya kungakhale kopweteka komanso kumabweretsa nkhawa, kutengera kuchuluka kwa kusokonezeka; ndipo kuchira kwathunthu kumatha kutenga miyezi.
Kumvetsetsa bwino zomwe zimachitika muubongo wake, komanso momwe machitidwe ake amakhudzira kusintha kwa ubongo, kumalimbikitsa wodwala / kasitomala. Amatha kudziwa momwe amapitira patsogolo ndi zopinga zake momwe angabwezeretse kuzindikira kwaubongo wake. Posakhalitsa amadzimva kuti ali ndi chiyembekezo, ndipo ngakhale kubwerera m'mbuyo ndi maphunziro. Nawa ndemanga za amuna anayi omwe agwiritsa ntchito zomwe apeza posachedwa pakukonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula:
Ndinawona nthawi yopanda libido kwa milungu ingapo ndasiya, koma tsopano ndikuwoneka ndikuyendayenda ndi boner tsiku lonse ndikumverera ngati nyama yomwe ndimayenera kuyendayenda pozungulira akazi. N'zosadabwitsa kuti ndilibe vuto kuti ndikwaniritse ndikugonana nthawi zonse panthawi yogonana. Izi zimatsutsana ndi kukhala patsogolo pa kompyutayiti kumenyana ndi mbolo yovuta kwambiri monga momwe ndinaliri ndi 1-2 miyezi yapitayo.
Nthawi ino [masiku 13 osatha zolaula / maliseche] adathandizanso mantha anga ena [okhudza kukopeka kwanga ndi zolaula] ndikuthandizira kutsimikizira kuti ndikasiya chizolowezi ichi, ndidzakwanitsa kugona ndi akazi. Inde, ndimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, koma limodzi ndi mowa wambiriwo munabwera mzere wa siliva. Nthawi zingapo zoyambirira kuseweretsa maliseche zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri ndipo zinali zolaula zolaula kwambiri za vanila. Zinandiwonetsa kuti popanda kubisala, zokonda zanga zogonana zimayamba kuzolowereka ndipo zinali zolimbikitsa kwambiri. Zinthu za vanila izi sizikanakhala blip pa radar yanga masabata anayi apitawo, koma tsopano zidandiyendetsa. Inde, pamene ndimapitiliza kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso ndinayamba kupita kuzinthu zoopsa kwambiri, ndikufotokozeranso momveka bwino momwe kusuta kumakhudzira zokonda zanga. Ndinayenera kukulira kuti ndithamangire chimodzimodzi.
Tsopano patha masiku 34 kuchokera pomwe ndimagulitsa PMO yonse yomwe ndimagwiritsa ntchito, ndipo ndikamapita nthawi yayitali, ndimamvanso mphamvu zanga zikukula. Ndimadzipeza ndekha wotsimikiza komanso wopindulitsa ndipo ndikuthandiza tani. Ndili ndi ziyembekezo zingapo pazoyambira zibwenzi pa intaneti - zomwe ziyenera kudzetsa chibwenzi sabata ino. Ndadziwonanso ndekha ndikuyamikira kukongola kwa akazi enieni, zomwe ndizabwino kwambiri.
Ngati mutha kuthana ndi masabata atatu, muwona zamphamvu zonsezi. Kumveka komanso kusowa kwa kukhumudwa kwa ine kudawonekera kwambiri ndipo ndimamverera ngati munthu wina. Zinandipatsa chiyembekezo kuti palibe cholakwika ndi ine. Ndikudziwona ndekha ndikumakhalanso ndi zonunkhira za moyo. Basi ndi aliyense. Moona mtima moyo wanga, polankhula pagulu, ukusintha, ndipo ndimaziwona ngakhale ndikayambiranso.
Ngati DSM ikutsutsa mavuto a pulogalamu ya pulogalamu yachisangalalo, ndiye kuti anthuwa (omwe ali ochepa kwambiri) sakhala ndi njira yodziwira zochitika zawo molondola. Angathe kumangogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo chifukwa chalakwika.
Zotsatira zomvetsa chisoni izi ndi zotsatira za theka lazaka zabodza zabodza zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere. Akatswiri azamaphunziro azakugonana amaganiza kuti, mosiyana ndi zosokoneza zina, chiwerewere chimachokera "pazomwe zidalipo" monga ADHD, OCD, kukhumudwa kapena nkhawa / manyazi. Amaganizira izi, mwa zina, chifukwa chazikhulupiriro zawo zomwe zolaula sizingayambitse matenda. Ngakhale zili zowona kuti chibadwa komanso kupsinjika kwaubwana zitha kupangitsa anthu ena kukhala osokoneza bongo, kuli kupupuluma kuganiza kuti izi ndizomwe zimakhalapo mu chiwerewere, komanso kuti kuchuluka komweko sikungayambitse dopamine.
Ndipotu, ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula omwe akuchira nthawi zonse amanena kuti zizindikiro za matendawa zasintha, kaya anali ndi vuto lotere kapena ayi. Mwanjira ina, kaya ayambe liti, kusintha khalidwe lawo ndi njira yochiritsira. Inde, monga momwe tikudziwira, kafukufuku angasonyeze tsiku lina kuti mankhwala a matenda omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri monga ADHD, kuvutika maganizo ndi nkhawa sagwira ntchito bwino kuposa kungosiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti—monga momwe mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo sagwira ntchito bwino kuposa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Mwinamwake chizindikiro chosautsa kwambiri chokhudzana ndi zolaula chomwe anyamata tsopano akupita kuchipatala ndi ED. Amaopa kuti awonongeke pamoyo wawo, kuti palibe chomwe chingachitike, kuti sangathe kukhalabe pachibwenzi. Ena amadzipha kumene. Komabe ngati angaganize kufunsa madotolo awo za ED komanso kupitirira malire, amafunsa za "kuseweretsa maliseche," ndipo amatsimikizika mwachangu kuti kuseweretsa maliseche sikungayambitse ED (mwina zowona). Komabe, pafupifupi wachinyamata aliyense yemwe akuti "kuseweretsa maliseche," amatanthauza "kuseweretsa maliseche pa intaneti." Chifukwa chake, uthenga womwe amachotsa ndikuti kuseweretsa maliseche pa intaneti sikungamupangitse ED (zabodza).
Kuthetsa zolaula zamasiku ano ndi maliseche kumasokoneza onse odwala komanso akatswiri azachipatala. Ndikukokomeza kopitilira muyeso kukhathamira kwachilengedwe ndikuyambitsa kusintha kwa ubongo wamatenda, osati maliseche-kapena kuphatikiza zonse ziwiri zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto. Pakadali pano, madokotala akamayesa mahomoni a achinyamata a ED, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo osapeza cholakwika chilichonse, amawapatsa yankho, lofunidwa ndi DSM, kuti mavuto awo ndi "chifukwa cha nkhawa." Kutonthoza kwakung'ono kwa wachinyamata wosimidwa yemwe vuto lake limasinthidwa ngati atamupeza moyenera ndikuphunzira.
Tiyeni tichite chinthu choyenera
Yakwana nthawi yoti DSM iyang'anizane ndi sayansi yamakhalidwe oyenera pankhani yokhudza kukakamira kugonana. Amuna ogonana amafunika kuthandizidwa kumvetsetsa kusintha kwa ubongo wawo kuti athe kuwabwezeretsa kuzindikira. Mapiritsi ndi upangiri wa "zomwe zidalipo kale" sizigwira ntchitoyo.
Akatswiri a zachiwerewere a maphunziro nthawi zambiri amapewa kusintha zizolowezi za kugonana za aliyense. Komabe kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula "zachizolowezi" (monga zachizolowezi) masiku ano kumabweretsa zizindikiro mwa ogwiritsa ntchito ena zomwe sizachilendo kwenikweni malinga ndi momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito. Monga anthu, tifunika kumvetsetsa bwino za zotsatira za kukakamiza kugonana kwambiri pa ubongo pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zapezeka posachedwapa komanso sayansi yoledzera komanso zida zodziwira matenda m'malo moganizira zakale zamaphunziro.
Ngakhale akatswiri azachipatala azachiwerewere tsiku lina angasangalale ngati DSM iyamba kuzindikira bwino za kulumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa kugonana ndi sayansi ya ubongo yaposachedwa. Kafukufuku wokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo akuwonetsa zambiri zofunika zokhudza ubongo zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pantchito yawo. Dongosolo la mphotho limalamulira/limalimbikitsa chilakolako cha kugonana, kukhazikika kwa amuna ndi akazi komanso kutopa komanso kuledzera. Maphunziro abwino okhudza dongosolo la ubongo limeneli, kwenikweni, angalimbikitse kumvetsetsa bwino mbali zofunika kwambiri pakugonana kwa anthu komanso kugwirizana kwa awiriawiri.
Pakadali pano, pafupifupi wachinyamata aliyense wodziwa makompyuta akupeza zolaula / kucheza pa intaneti. Kugwiritsa ntchito atsikana kukukuliranso. Zotsatira za zolaula pa ubongo wawo sizidzatha chifukwa DSM imawanyalanyaza. Kwa nthawi yayitali gulu logwira ntchito lakhala likulowetsedwa mu inertia ndi chikhulupiriro chake chosagwirizana kuti "Zolaula zonse zilibe vuto." Ngati ophunzirawa atangotulutsa mawu oti "zolaula" ndi "zoyambitsa," nthawi yomweyo amatha kuwona kufooka kwawo.
Kuchitira chilakolako chogonana monga matenda oledzera chifukwa cha zotsatira za ubongo zimagwirizana ndi zomwe zimachitika m'maganizo mwathu:
Maziko a nzeru za [zamaganizo] akusintha kuchoka ku gawo lina, lozikidwa pa zochitika za 'maganizo' zomwe munthu amakumana nazo, kupita ku lina, sayansi ya ubongo.” Thomas Insel
Pokhapokha DSM itaganiziranso chisankho chake chaposachedwa, iwo omwe atengeka ndi zochitika zamasiku ano azipitilizabe kuzindikirika ndikulefulidwa posintha zomwe zingasinthe matenda awo. Ngati m'malo mwake olemba DSM atsimikiza kuti kulumikizana pakati pamaubwino am'magazi ndi zovuta zakugonana, atha kuchita zambiri kuteteza ufulu wa aliyense wosankha komanso chisangalalo chofuna kugonana.
MAFUNSO:
- Kodi munthu amadziwa bwanji? Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse, Mayiko Akumayiko Onse a Matenda (ICD-11), ali ndi matenda atsopano woyenera kuchita zachiwerewere: "Kugonana Kwachiwerewere (2018). ”
- Onani izi kuyambira Meyi, 2013 - National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH): DSM ndi yopanda pake komanso yosatha.
- Kugonana ndi kugonana / kugonana? Tsambali likulemba Zotsatira za 39 za sayansi (MRI, fMRI, EEG, matenda opatsirana pogonana, mahomoni). Amapereka chithandizo cholimba cha mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo pamene zofukufuku zawo zimagwirizanitsa zochitika za m'maganizo zomwe zimafotokozedwa mu maphunziro osokoneza bongo.
- Malingaliro enieni a akatswiri okhudzana ndi zolaula / kugonana? Mndandanda uwu uli Ndemanga za 16 zaposachedwa & ndemanga ndi ena mwa apamwamba a sayansi ya sayansi padziko lapansi. Zonse zothandizira mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
- Zizindikiro za kuledzera ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoopsa kwambiri? Kupitilira maphunziro a 30 omwe amafotokoza zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zolaula (kulolerana), chizolowezi choonera zolaula, komanso zisonyezo zosiya (zizindikiro zonse ndi zizindikiro zosokoneza bongo).