UPaul Wright PhD uthathwa kakhulu, umphandi wephonografi. Kuyabonakala ukuba, udiniwe - njengabanye abaninzi kulo mmandla - kumaqhinga okukhohlisa asetyenziswe ngabaphandi be-agenda-qhutywa ngesondo ebaleni (kunye nosompempe babo olucalu-calulo lwamaphepha). Ugxininisa amaqhinga abo amabini kwiileta ezahlukeneyo eziya kuMhleli we Iingxelo zoLuntu, kwaye icebisa omabini amaqhinga ukuba atyhafe ukuya phambili.
“Isizathu asilingani” (Oh nceda)
Iingcali ngesondo zihlala zizama ukuphembelela iintatheli (naye nabani na ongomnye oya kuphulaphula) ukuba bonke ubungqina obusemthethweni malunga nemiphumo ye-porn "bunxibelelene" kwaye ngoko abunantsingiselo. Ngapha koko, ngoku kukho ubungqina obuninzi obubonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn oonobangela ukonakalisa, kwaye uWright wenza le ngongoma ngobuchule kwileta yakhe yesibini eya kuMhleli, “I-Ponographic Socialization njenge "Selective-Exposure": Yiyeke, Mayihambe II.” Lixesha lokuba iintatheli zifune iingcali ezifana noWright, ezihlalutya rhoqo uphando olufanelekileyo, endaweni yokuxhomekeka kwii-sexologists zezwi, eziqhutywa yi-ajenda.
U-Wright ubonisa ukuba ukuphembelela i-sexologists kuthetha ukuba ababhali bezemfundo abaphanda iziphumo ze-porn bavakalelwa kukuba kumele khanyela nayiphi na into enokwenzeka ukuba i-porn isebenzise kunokwenzeka oonobangela iindlela zokuziphatha, iinkolelo okanye izimo zengqondo ezifunyenwe ngabaphandi zinxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Rhoqo ezi zinto zidiniweyo zingachaniyo azingqinelani neziphumo zamaphepha kangangokuba kuyabonakala ukuba iingcali ngesondo. uphononongo amaphepha abafunile.
Okubi kakhulu, singongeza ukuba abahleli biased on Wikipedia (njenge edume kakubi eTgeorgescu) kunye nabo sexology amaqabane, yenza ii-echo-chambers zale ndawo yokuthetha exabisekileyo ethi “Unxulumano alulingani nonobangela.” Ngapha koko, basebenzisa iiyantlukwano zayo ukuze bangabandakanyi uphando olubonisa iziphumo eziyingozi ze-porn kumaphepha afanelekileyo e-Wikipedia-nanjengoko bevumela ukongezwa kwe-cherry-picked pro-porn. nganiso uphando!
Ngoko ke, zi abaphandi abaphanda ubungozi obunxulumene nephonografi bubulumko ukuxolisa i-sexology-overlord yabo abahlalutyi ngokubhengeza ukuba unobangela uhlala uyimfihlakalo epheleleyo? Funda uqhubeke.
UWright uthi,
Njengoko nawuphi na umfundi eqhelene namacandelo eengxoxo zamaphepha eempembelelo zoonografi esebenzisa idatha enqamlezileyo uyazi, sisiqinisekiso esiqinisekileyo sokuba ababhali baya kulumkisa [okanye inyanzelekile ukulumkisa] ukuba naluphi na unxulumano abalufumeneyo phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwephonografi (X) kunye nenkolelo, isimo sengqondo, okanye ukuziphatha phantsi kwesifundo (Y) kunokuba ngenxa "yokutyhileka okukhethiweyo" (okt, abantu abasele benenkolelo, isimo sengqondo, okanye indlela yokuziphatha etsalela kumxholo wemidiya yezesondo eyibonisayo) hayi ukuhlalisana ngokwesondo (okt, abantu abaphenjelelwa ngumxholo weendaba zesondo kwicala lenkolelo, isimo sengqondo, okanye indlela yokuziphatha).
Ngumcimbi omdala “wenkukhu okanye weqanda”. Yeyiphi eyafika kuqala: ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn (X), okanye inkolelo, isimo sengqondo okanye ukuziphatha kuvavanywa (Y)? Umzekelo:
- Ngaba iinkolelo ezazisele zikhona ngaphambili zakhokelela ku[unobangela] Ukusetyenziswa kwephonografi enkulu ("i-selective-exposure"), okanye ukusetyenziswa kwephonografi kubangele [unobangela] iinkolelo zesini (“sexual socialization”)?
- Ngaba utshintsho lwengqondo olunxulumene nokulutha lukhokelela ekusebenziseni iphonografi, okanye ngaba ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn engapheliyo kubangele utshintsho lwengqondo zibonise abo babonwa kumakhoboka eziyobisi?
- Ngaba ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo bukhokelele ekusetyenzisweni koonografi kwindawo ethile yokucinga kwixesha elizayo, okanye ngaba wasebenzisa iphonografi rhoqo ukwandisa amathuba okuba nobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo?
- Ngaba ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn kukhokelela ulwaneliseko lobudlelwane obuhlwempuzekileyo, okanye ngaba ukunganeliseki kobudlelwane kukhokelela ekusebenziseni iphonografi?
UWright ucaphula amashumi eminyaka ophando ecebisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba iphonografi ngokwenene oonobangela iziphumo eziyingozi, kubandakanywa izifundo ezininzi ezilandela izifundo ekuhambeni kwexesha (ubude obude). Nangona kunjalo ababhali bayaqhubeka nokunikezela kwiimfuno zabo ze-sexology-overlord reviewers:
Ngamanye amazwi, ababhali baya kwamkela uluvo lokuba ngaphandle kwamaphepha eengxoxo zengqikelelo kunye nethiyori abazinikele ekuthetheleleni u-X → Y oguquguqukayo kwicandelo labo lophononongo loncwadi, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uY → X. Umbhali uya kuthi ngoko biza "uphando lwelongitudinal" "ukucazulula" indlela yobudlelwane. Uphononongo lwamacandelo eengxoxo ukusuka kwiminyaka kunye neminyaka edlulileyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku lubonisa ukuba "ihlala iyinyani" ukuba i-pornography-isiphumo imibutho ye-pornography inokwenzeka nje ngenxa yokuzikhethela-ukuvezwa njengentlalo yesini; oku “akutshintshi,” utsho njalo uAnna.
UWright ubonakala ejonga esi senzo njengokusetyenziswa kakubi koncwadi lwenzululwazi. Ngapha koko, uthi "kuchasene nesayensi" ukubanga ukuba isikhokelo / i-causality ihlala iyimfihlakalo kwintsimi ye-porn:
Oku, ngokuqinisekileyo, kuchasene nesayensi. Akukho nto "ihlala iyinyani" kwisayensi, kuba ulwazi lwesayensi "lutshintsha" njengoko ulwazi olutsha luveliswa.
Njengoko uWright echaza ngokweenkcukacha, "ulwazi olutsha olwenziweyo" lubandakanya ezininzi "cross-lagged" izifundo zelongitudinal usebenzisa idatha yephaneli ukuthelekisa ngokuthe ngqo X → Y kwaye Y → X iingcaciso zendlela ye XY ubudlelwane. Uyabhala:
Emva kokuba ndipapashe inani lamaphepha anqamlezayo ahlala ixesha elide efumana ubungqina bokunxibelelana ngokwesondo kodwa hayi ukuvezwa okukhethiweyo, ndiyazi ukuba kukho izifundo ezinjalo.
Kule Leta eya kuMhleli we Uvimba woLuntu uhlalutya 25 efanelekileyo (ishiywe lixesha) ubude obude pizifundo orn ecebisa umkhomba-ndlela (okt, ukubakho kwesizathu). Ishumi elinesine lafumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koonografi kwangaphambili kuqikelelwe esinye okanye ngaphezulu kweziphumo zamva ezifundwe, kodwa incoko yayingenjalo (okt, amanqanaba angaphambili esiphumo okanye iziphumo hayi qikelela ukusetyenziswa kamva kwephonografi). Izifundo ezilishumi zifumene ubudlelwane obulinganayo. Oko kukuthi, ukuthambekela kwangaphambili kubangele abanye abantu ukuba basebenzise iphonografi kunabanye kwaye aba bantu baye bachatshazelwa kukuvezwa kwabo. Uphononongo olunye (ngewebhusayithi ye-porn-shill RealYBOP.com ilungu Stulhofer) ibango I-propensity yangaphambili iqikelele ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn, kodwa ipateni yokulungelelaniswa kwayo iyonke iphakamise ukuba ibe nefuthe lokubuyelana okanye akukho mpembelelo kulo naliphi na icala. Ukwaphawula ukuba uninzi (iinqobo zokugweba) ubude obude izifundo zephaneli ecebisa umkhomba-ndlela (okt, ukubakho kwesizathu) baye bafumana iphonografi ebalulekileyo → unxulumano lweziphumo, emva kokubalwa kwamanqanaba angaphambili esiphumo.
UWright ushwankathela ubume bophando (kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwecaveats):
Ngokomlinganiselo, Ingcamango yokuba unxulumano olubalulekileyo phakathi kokusetyenziswa koonografi kunye neenkolelo, izimo zengqondo, kunye nokuziphatha kwizifundo ezinqamlezileyo kunokubangelwa ngokupheleleyo kukuvezwa okukhethiweyo kuyangqubana nobungqina obuqokelelweyo kwaye kunokuxhaswa kuphela yifilosofi ebonisa ukuba isayensi ayiqokeleli kwaye nganye. uphononongo sisiqwenga esizimeleyo esizimele sodwa; ukuba izazinzulu kufuneka ziqale ekuqaleni ngesifundo ngasinye-azinakwakha kumzimba wangaphambili wolwazi; kwaye inzululwazi ayivulelwanga ukuguqulwa-kungakhathaliseki ukuhamba kwexesha kunye nobungqina obutsha, iindlela zokucinga malunga nesenzeko akufanele zihlaziywe.
Kwabanomdla kunye nezifundiswa ubandakanya iitafile ezimbini eziluncedo ezidwelisa zonke 39 ubude izifundo wahlalutya.
Kucacile ukuba u-Wright ucinga ukuba akunaxanduva kubaphandi be-sexology kunye nabahlalutyi / abahleli ukuba baqhubeke begxininisa kwi-mantra yabo abayithandayo ukuba i-porn ayikho. kubangela iziphumo kwabanye abasebenzisi. Phofu nazi ezakhe iingcebiso ezinyanisekileyo kubabhali, abahleli kunye nabahlaziyi ukunqanda obu bubhanxa bukhohlisayo. Iingcebiso zakhe zinobuchule kangangokuba sizibandakanya ngokwezwi nezwi:
Authors: Sukuchaza ukuba ukuvezwa okukhethiweyo yinkcazo ebambekayo ngokulinganayo yeziphumo zakho. Ukuba abaphononongi kunye nabahleli bafuna ukuba wenze njalo, banike le Leta. Ukuba basafuna, bhala isinyanzelo-so-kupapashwa "isiteyitimenti" ngendlela ekhulula wena ngokwakho kolu luvo lungenalwazi kwaye ubhekisele kule Leta.
Abavavanyi: Musa ukubuza ababhali ukuba bachaze ukuba ukuvezwa okukhethiweyo yinkcazo ebambekayo ngokulinganayo yeziphumo zabo ngaphandle kokuba unokucacisa ngokuthe ngqo ukuba kutheni idatha yabo kunye neziphumo ziyimeko ekhethekileyo kunye neveli kangangokuba ubungqina obuqokelelweyo ngokuchaseneyo abusebenzi. Xa kujongwe imeko yoncwadi, uxanduva luphezu kwakho ukuba uchaze ukuba kutheni le nto iphonografi echazwa ngababhali ikukuvezwa okukhethiweyo. Ukuba ababhali benza ingxelo ngokwabo, bacebise ukuba bayisuse kwaye babaqondise kule Leta.
Abahleli: Bagqithise abaphononongi abangenalwazi abafuna ukuba ababhali benze i-caveat ekhethiweyo. Yazisa ababhali bale Leta kwaye ucebise ukuba ngelixa ityala lokutshintshana linokwenziwa, ityala lokuvezwa okukhethiweyo kuphela alinakunikwa imeko yoncwadi okwangoku.
Ileta: I-Ponographic Socialization njenge "Selective-Exposure": Yiyeke, Mayihambe II
Yeka ukulawula ngokugqithisileyo kwiinguqu ezingaphandle ezigquma iziphumo ezingafunekiyo (Ileta yoku-1)
Umbuzo wendalo yonke: "Kutheni ezinye izifundo zichasa uninzi lwezifundo ezipapashiweyo kwaye azichazi unxibelelwano phakathi kokusetyenziswa koonografi kunye nesiphumo esibi (umzekelo, izimo zengqondo zesini)?" Zininzi izizathu, kodwa uPaul Wright wathatha injongo kwenye ehlala isetyenziswa ngabaphandi abathile be-porn: ukulawula ngokugqithisileyo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezingaphandle.
Uninzi lwethu luqhelene nokulula, ulungelelwaniso oluthe ngqo olunje ngokuphindaphindiweyo kokusetyenziswa kwe-porn ehambelana nokunganeliseki kobudlelwane. Kodwa kule mihla izifundo ezininzi malunga nemiphumo ye-porn yongeza kwiinguqu ezongezelelweyo ezithandabuzekayo (kaninzi ukuya ncitshiswe or cacisa iziphumo). Mamela ipodcast emfutshane enika ulwazi ecacisa umahluko phakathi kwezinto” ezibhidayo”, “ukulamla” izinto eziguquguqukayo kunye “nokumodareyitha”…kwaye kukukhohlisa kangakanani ukwenza ngathi zonke iinguqu zibhidanisa iziphumo (kunokuba zincede ukuchaza unobangela).
Ukusebenzisa izinto eziguquguqukayo ukujongela phantsi ulungelelwaniso olucacileyo kubizwa ngokuba “yi-Everest regression.” I-Everest Regression yinto eyenzekayo xa "ulawula" utshintsho olusisiseko xa uthelekisa abantu ababini. Umzekelo, emva kokulawula ukuphakama, i-Mount Everest yiqondo lokushisa kwegumbi. Igolide, emva kokulawula ubude bethambo, amadoda awakho mde kunabasetyhini.
Ngamafutshane, usebenzisa imodeli esusa ipropathi ebaluleke kakhulu yento ethile, kwaye emva koko uqhubeke ukwenza ukudideka / ukukhohlisa malunga nayo. Izifundo zephonografi zizazinzulu ngesondo zihlala zisebenzisa eli qhinga ukuphazamisa iziphumo loo nto ibeka iphonografi kwindawo engeyiyo.
Ke, makhe sihlolisise ileta yesibini kaWright “Ukulawulwa ngokugqithisileyo kuPhando lwephonografi: Yiyeke, Yiyeke…."
Kule Leta eya kuMhleli ubiza i-3 yabaphandi abadumileyo be-porn, i-Kohut, i-Landriput kunye ne-Stulhofer. Aba bafana basebenzisa eli qhinga libi lokulawula ngokugqithisileyo kuyo yonke into abanokuyicinga (ngaphandle kwesiseko sethiyori) bade babe nokuphelisa iziphumo abangazikhathaleliyo - kwaye bavelise izihloko ezilunge ngakumbi kwipropaganda-enzame-zokubeka-njengokuphendula-uphando .
In "Ukuvavanya imodeli yokudibana yobudlelwane phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwephonografi kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kwamadoda: Uvavanyo olude kwiisampulu ezimbini ezizimeleyo ezikwishumi elivisayo zaseCroatia.),” uKohut, uLandriput kunye noStulhofer babanga ukuba amaqhinga abo okulawula ngokugqithisileyo benze isifundo sabo Ophezulu kwenye eyenziwe nguWright kunye noogxa. Uphononongo lwe-Wright kunye noogxa bafumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn kwakuyindlela eqikelelwayo yokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini ngomlomo nangomzimba ("Uhlalutyo lwe-meta lokusetyenziswa koonografi kunye nezenzo zokwenyani zobundlobongela ngokwesondo kwizifundo zabemi ngokubanzi").
U-Kohut, u-Landriput no-Stulhofer abazange basithande eso siphumo, kwaye babeza kwenza ukuba uluntu kunye neentatheli ezikhohlisayo zikholelwe ukuba "iinguqu zokulawula" ezininzi kufuneka zibalwe ngokufanelekileyo ... kude kube, ngomlingo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn yanamhlanje (egcwele ubundlobongela, ukuxhaphaza. ukuziphatha) ayisadibani nobundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo. UWright ubonisa ukuba abaphandi abaninzi abahlonitshwayo abavumelani nenkcazo ye-K, L & S yokuba "iinguqu ezininzi zolawulo zenza uphando lube ngcono." Omnye uyibiza ngokuba “yintsomi yendlela yasezidolophini.”
UWright, oqhube uphononongo oluninzi loncwadi, uyacacisa:
Ngolu qulunqo olunjalo loncwadi ndiye ndaqaphela ukuba (1) uninzi lweziphumo zoonografi kwizifundo ezivela kwi-1990s ziye zaqhutywa kusetyenziswa iindlela zovavanyo kunye. (2) i-paradigm yohlalutyo oluphambili kulo mzimba wophando kukubuza ukuba iphonografi isebenzisa (X) isanxibelelene nenkolelo ethile, isimo sengqondo, okanye ukuziphatha (Y) emva kohlengahlengiso lweenkcukacha-manani kwi Ulwando oluhlala lusanda kwaye luhlala lungaqhelekanga ngakumbi uluhlu "lolawulo" oluguquguqukayo (Z kwi-infinitum).
Nantsi imizekelo embalwa yezinto eziguquguqukayo abaphandi bazibona ziyimfuneko ukuba zibandakanywe njengolawulo: amava ngesondo, ubume bokufikisa, ubudala, ubume bobudlelwane, ukuziqhelanisa ngokwesondo, isini, imfundo, imeko yentlalontle, ubuhlanga, iimbono zezibhalo zonqulo, ukunxibelelana ngokweemvakalelo nomkhathaleli. , ukuchanabeka kubundlobongela phakathi kwabatshatileyo, ukusebenzisa iziyobisi, imeko yomtshato, ukunxulumana nezopolitiko, iiyure zokusebenza evekini, imeko yomtshato yabazali, ukuthanda ukwabelana ngesondo, ukuzazi ukuba ungubani na, ukungahlalisani, iimpawu zokudakumba, iimpawu zePTSD, ukwaneliseka kobudlelwane, ukuncamathela koontanga, ukuthetha ngesondo kunye oontanga, ukuncamathela kubazali, ukubukela umabonakude, ulawulo lwabazali, ukubonwa ngamava ngokwesondo koontanga, ukufuna imvakalelo, ukufuna imvakalelo yezesondo, ulwaneliseko lobomi, imvelaphi yosapho, ukuzithemba ngokwesondo, ukuba namandla ngokwesondo, isimo sengqondo malunga nokunyanzelwa ngokwesondo, ubudala babahlobo, ukudityaniswa kwentlalo , ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi, ukubukela ividiyo yomculo, ukunxulumana nenkolo, ubude bobudlelwane, imvelaphi yokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, ukuhlala kwisixeko esikhulu, ukuqeshwa kwabazali, ukutshaya, imbali yobusela, ukuhamba isikolo, ukuqhuba iingxaki esikolweni, iminyaka yobudala besondo, ukwenza ukuthandana, ukuthetha ubuxoki, ukukopa kuvavanyo, uthelekiso lwentlalontle, indawo ohlala kuyo, ukuphulula amalungu esini, ukuya enkonzweni, ukwaneliseka ngokwesondo, ukwaneliseka kukwenza izigqibo, inani labantwana, owakhe waqhawula umtshato, ubume bengqesho, inani labahlobo abakholwayo, ukuphindaphindeka kokwabelana ngesondo kwiveki ephelileyo. , kunye nokubhalisa kwisikolo sasemva kwesekondari.
Kwakhona-le yimizekelo nje embalwa.
Ukufakwa kwezinto eziguquguqukayo zolawulo kwenza hayi kukhokelela kwizigqibo ezichanekileyo malunga nobume be- X → Y umbutho phantsi kophando. Enyanisweni, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuvelise i-pseudo-falsifications. Ngokufutshane, akukho nto ibambekayo okanye engqongqo malunga nokubandakanya ulawulo lwamanani olongezelelweyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi lukhohlisa ngokwenene. UWright uyaqhubeka:
Ingqiqo (ebonakalayo) ephantsi kwendlela yangoku kukuba iphonografi ayinakuba ngumthombo wangempela wempembelelo yentlalo; endaweni yoko, enye into yesithathu inokubangela ukuba abantu batye iphonografi kwaye baveze / bazibandakanye kwinkolelo, isimo sengqondo, okanye indlela yokuziphatha ekuthethwa ngayo. Bambalwa ababhali, nangona kunjalo, bachaza ngokucacileyo ukuba inguqu nganye abayikhethileyo njengolawulo inokubangela ukusetyenziswa koonografi kunye nesiphumo esifundwayo.. Ngamanye amaxesha, inkcazo jikelele yenziwa (ngamanye amaxesha ngokucatshulwa, ngamanye amaxesha ngaphandle) ukuba uphando lwangaphambili luchonge izinto eziguquguqukayo njengezinto ezinokuthi zidibanise kwaye kungenxa yoko zibandakanyiwe. Ngamanye amaxesha, akukho ngcaciso inikezelwayo ngaphandle kokudwelisa uluhlu oluhlukeneyo lolawulo. Kunzima kakhulu ukufumana izifundo ezichonga imbono ethile yethiyori njengokuthethelela ukhetho lolawulo (ngaphezulu kule ngongoma kamva). Kunqabile ukufumana uphononongo oluthethelela ukuba kutheni izinto eziguquguqukayo zamodareyithwa njengolawulo endaweni yokuxela kwangaphambili, abalamli, okanye iimodareyitha (andikholelwa ukuba ndakhe ndayibona le nto).
Imithombo yezemfundo i-Wright ikhankanya ukuba "umgaqo wokuhlanjululwa" (wolawulo lwezinto eziguquguqukayo ezongezelelweyo) unokubangela ukulahlwa kweethiyori ezivakalayo. UWright uthi:
Xa iphonografi iziphumo zophando umhlaba uqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo, yingxabano yam leyo ukubandakanywa kokulawulwa yi-idiosyncratic, ayihambelani, i-atheoretical, kunye ne-overdone. Eyona ngqikelelo yam kukuba abaphandi banokubandakanya ulawulo kuba abaphandi bangaphambili, bakholelwa ukuba abahleli okanye abaphononongi baya kuyilindela (Bernerth & Aguinis, 2016), okanye ngenxa yokuba baye baba ngamaxhoba "kwintsomi yedolophu" ethi "ubudlelwane kunye nolawulo oluguquguqukayo kufutshane nenyaniso kunokuba kungekho zinguqu zolawulo.”
Ewe, abanye bethu bakholelwa ukuba i-Kohut, i-Landriput kunye ne-Stulhofer bafuna ngenjongo yokuthandabuza kwikhonkco elisekiweyo phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwe-porn kunye nemiphumo emibi. (U-Kohut kunye noStulhofer bajoyine amahlakani UNicole Prause kwaye UDavid Ley njengeengcali kwindawo ye-porn-shill YinyUbOnOnline.com). Bahlala bepapasha izifundo zangaphandle ezithi, ngokumangalisayo, zingafumani ngxaki nokusetyenziswa koburheletya. Ke, ishishini lamanyala kunye namahlakani alo apapasha ngokuvakalayo ezo ziphumo zangaphandle ngoncedo lweentatheli ezisesichengeni kunye ne-Wikipedia, ngelixa ungahoywa bubungqina bobungqina ngabaphandi abanenjongo ngakumbi.
U-Wright ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa ngokuzithoba, uthatha u-Kohut, u-Landriput kunye no-Stulhofer ukuba babeke umsebenzi wabo kumdlalo wabo omncinci odelelekile. Ucebisa ukuba abaphandi beephonografi baphathe iinguqu zesithathu njenge abaqikeleli (oko kukuthi, izinto ezahlula ukuphindaphinda kunye nohlobo loonografi olusetyenzisiweyo). Okanye njengoko abalamli (oko kukuthi, iindlela ezichaza imiphumo yoonografi). Okanye njengoko iimodareyitha (izinto zabantu kunye neemeko ezithintela okanye ziququzelele imiphumo yephonografi). Kodwa uyababiza yeka ukuphatha olu nxulumano olungenamkhethe “njengesiphithiphithi” ngaphandle, kwaye singcolise, iziphumo zephonografi kwiinkolelo, izimo zengqondo kunye nokuziphatha.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, uWright unika imizekelo (kunye nokucaphula) yezinto ezibonakala zingafanelekanga ukuzilawula kuba kukho ubungqina bokuba zikho. inxalenye yephonografi ziphumo inkqubo. Ungaphoswa ngamagqabaza akhe malunga nokungafanelekanga kolawulo lwenkolo, izimo zengqondo “ezikhoyo” ngokwesini, kunye nokufuna imvakalelo.
Ngokubhekiselele ekufuneni imvakalelo, umzekelo, u-Wright ubonisa ukuba uphando lubonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn kunokwenzeka baqikelele ukufuna umva kamva, hayi umva;
Ukufuna uvakalelo kuye kwaqondwa njengophawu olungaguqukiyo olunokubhidanisa kuphela iphonografi-ulungelelwaniso lweziphumo. Ingxelo ethatyathiweyo kukuba ukufuna uvakalelo kunokuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa koonografi kwaye (faka isiphumo somngcipheko wesondo apha) kwaye ngoko ke kube yinto ephazamisayo, kodwa ayinakuchaphazeleka kukusetyenziswa koonografi. Ingxelo yobungqina icebisa ngenye indlela, nangona kunjalo. Kwindawo yosasazo lwezesondo ngokubanzi, iStoolmiller, iGerrard, iSargent, iWorth, kunye neGibbons (2010) ifunyenwe kumaza abo amane, iminyaka emininzi yokufunda ixesha elide lolutsha olufikisayo. Ukujongwa kwemuvi okukalwe ka-R kuqikelelwe ukuba kufunwa imvakalelo kamva, ngelixa ukufuna imvakalelo ngaphambili akuzange kuqikelele ukubonwa kwemuvi okukalwe ngu-R kamva.. Stoolmiller et al. qaphela ukuba iziphumo zabo "ziyabonelela ubungqina obubambekayo befuthe leendaba zokusingqongileyo ekufuneni imvakalelo.
Ngaloo ndlela, ukujonga umxholo wesondo kubangele ukufuna imvakalelo enkulu (kungekhona enye indlela). U-Wright uyaqhubeka, ebonisa indlela ye-causation: Ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn >>> ukufuna imvakalelo >>> ukuziphatha ngokwesondo okuyingozi:
Uhlalutyo olulandelayo lwale datha lugxininise kumxholo wesondo ngokuthe ngqo lufumene ukuba ukuvezwa komxholo wesondo kuqikelelwe ukwanda kokufuna imvakalelo, nto leyo eyaxela kwangaphambili ukuziphatha okuyingozi ngokwesondo (O'Hara, Gibbons, Gerrard, Li, & Sargent, 2012).
Nangona kunjalo umphandi we-porn unokujikeleza ezi datha ukubonisa ukuba ukufuna imvakalelo kubangela ukuziphatha okuyingozi ngokwesondo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-porn ibe yinto yokucinga.
Ekugqibeleni, ebomini bakhe izindululo Icandelo, uWright ujolise ekuthandeni okugqithisileyo kwabanye abaphandi be-porn:
Ukuba sinyanisekile kuthi, kufuneka sivume ukuba izifundo zethu ziqhubeka kwiingcamango ezithile ezingenakuze ziqinisekiswe ngokungenakuphikiswa okanye zichaneke ngokwanelisa i-100% yabaphengululi. Ndazalwa ngo-1979. Kwakukho izazinzulu zentlalo ezazikholelwa ukuba iphonografi ayinakuchaphazela abasebenzisi bayo ngaphambi kokuba ndizalwe kwaye ndiyaqinisekisa ukuba kuya kubakho izazinzulu zentlalo xa ndingekho (ngethemba, ubuncinane iminyaka engamashumi amane okanye ngaphezulu) abaya kukholelwa efanayo.
Nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba iphonografi yindawo yokunxibelelana yodwa apho imiyalezo kunye neentsingiselo zinempembelelo, kwaye naluphi na ulungelelwaniso phakathi kokusetyenziswa koonografi kunye neenkolelo, izimo zengqondo kunye nokuziphatha zihlala zingenangqondo kwaye zibangelwa ngokupheleleyo enye i-arhente ezimeleyo kunye nengenakuguqulwa, Ndiyakholelwa ukuba kukho ukuqiqa okwaneleyo kwethiyori kunye nobungqina obubambekayo bokucinga ukuba akunjalo. Ngokufanelekileyo, [ndicela] oogxa bam ukuba "bajike babethe ucango" "ngaba iphonografi isaxela kwangaphambili (isiphumo) emva kokulawula isinki yasekhitshini?" ukusondela. Kunoko, ndicela ukuba siqondise ingqalelo yethu kwizinto eziguquguqukayo zesithathu ezahlula ukuphindaphinda kunye nohlobo loonografi olusetyenzisiweyo, iindlela ezikhokelela kwiziphumo ezithile, kunye nabantu kunye neemeko apho ezo ziphumo zininzi okanye zincinci.
Ileta: "Ulawulo olugqithisileyo kuPhando lwephonografi: Mayihambe, Yiyeke ..."
Ekugqibeleni, enye iklorine ekudala ilindelwe yongezwa kwichibi lophando lwe-porn!
Ndiyabulela kuPaul Wright ngenkalipho yakhe ekubizeni amanye amaqhinga okuhlambalaza kwinkalo yophando lwephonografi. Siyathemba ukuba abanye abaphandi baya kuthatha iingcebiso zakhe entliziyweni kwaye babuyisele umva ngokuchasene nabaxhaphazi be-sexology abalawula intsimi yophando lwe-porn kunye nokuthambekela kwabo okugqithisileyo kunye nesicwangciso sokwala okanye ngokungenathemba ukunkcenkceshela-phantsi uphando abangaluthandiyo.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba kudala kukho a ubudlelwane obupholileyo phakathi kwezazi ngesondo kunye ne-Big Porn. Iyaphazamisa.
* Nantsi into eqhelekileyo porn-apologist umphandi ebambelele kakhulu kwingcinga yakhe exabisekileyo yokuba iphonografi ayinakuba yimbangela yeengxaki, kwaye egxininisa ukuba akukho mntu unokuba nesibindi sokuthetha ngenye indlela! Ucinga ukuba le ndoda inokuba nenjongo kangakanani xa iphonononga uphando lwe-porn? Ngaba ucinga ukuba abaphandi botywala kufuneka bagxininise kubudlelwane phakathi kokusela kunye nokuzonwabisa, kungekhona kwimiphumo emibi yokusela?
Kuphando lwexesha elizayo, siyaqaphela ukuba abaphandi kufuneka balumke ukuba bangadibanisi ulungelelwaniso kunye ne-causality xa bexoxa ngobudlelwane phakathi kwemiba ye-HSD [uphuhliso lwezesondo olunempilo ... njengoko eyichaza] kunye nokusetyenziswa koonografi. Sikhuthaza abaphandi ukuba bagxile kubudlelwane phakathi kokusetyenziswa koonografi kunye nokuzonwabisa ngokwesondo - oku yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-HSD.
Okanye jonga le drivel ethobayo ibhalwe kuTwitter yingcali yezocansi edume kakubi uShill:
Iindlela zophando 101: Idatha ye-cross-sectional ayikwazi ukubonisa isizathu.
Um...Iindlela zophando 201: Idatha yobude unako cebisa ngamandla isizathu.
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