Ukuhlaziywa kwe-"Ukuguqulwa kwamathuba okuba sekwephuzile ngamehlo wezocansi kubasebenzisi bezinkinga kanye nokulawula okungahambisani nokulutha kocansi" (Prause et al., 2015)

Isingeniso

Ngenxa yokuthi lolu cwaningo lwe-EEG lubike ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kocansi okuhlobene Ngaphansi Ukuvuselelwa kobuchopho ku-vanilla porn kubhalwe njenge ukusekela ukucabanga ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-porn angapheli phansi kulawula ukuvusa ucansi. Ngokumane nje, abasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile bezithombe ezivame ukuthukuthelwa yizithombe eziqinile ze-porn-ho-hum (okutholakele okufanayo Kuhn & Gallinat., 2014). Lokhu okutholakele kuhambisana nokubekezela, isibonakaliso sokulutha. Ukubekezela kuchazwa njengokuphendula komuntu okunciphise emthini noma isisusa esiwumphumela wokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe.

Amaphepha ayishumi abukezwe ontanga vumelana nokuhlolwa kwe-YBOP kwe- Prause et al., I-2015 (izixhumanisi ziyizingcaphuno ezikhuluma Prause et al.)

  1. Ukunciphisa i-LPP yezithombe zobulili kubasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezinenkinga kungase kuhambisane nemifanekiso yokulutha. Konke kuncike kumodeli (I-Commentary on Prause et al., 2015)
  2. I-neuroscience ye-Inthanethi ye-Pornography Umlutha: Ukubukeza nokuvuselelwa (2015)
  3. I-Neurobiology Yokuziphatha Ngokweqhaza Ngokuya Ngokocansi: Isayensi Evelayo (2016)
  4. Ingabe ukuziphatha kocansi okuphoqeleka kungabhekwa njengokulutha umlutha? (I-2016)
  5. Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Zase-Internet Zibangela Ukuhlukunyezwa Ngokocansi? Ukubukezwa Ngemibiko Yomtholampilo (2016)
  6. Izinyathelo Eziqaphelayo Nezingezona Zenhliziyo Yokuzizwa: Ingabe Ziyakhathaza Ngokuvame Ukusetshenziswa Kwezingcolile? (I-2017)
  7. Izindlela zokuzicabangela izinkinga ekucindezelweni kokuziphatha ngokocansi (2018)
  8. Ukubheja Okubhebhetheka Ku-Inthanethi: Okuthi Siyazi Nalokho Esingazikho-Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile (i-2019)
  9. Ukuqaliswa Nokuthuthukiswa Kwesimo Sokuxilonga Nge-Cybersex: Ukulimala Kwamanye Abantu, Ukuqiniswa Kwendlela Yokusebenza kanye Nechanism Mechanism (2019)
  10. Ingabe Amazinga Okushintshashintshela Ezingcolile Ezingcolile Nobudlova Yiba Nomthelela Kokungaxineki Kokubazi Emuntwini (2020)

Ngenxa yokuthi abasebenzisi be-porn abavamile babenemibuzo ephansi ye-EEG kunezilawuli, umbhali oholayo Nicole Prause uthi isifundo sakhe esingathandeki sikhohlisa imodeli yokulutha kabi kocansi. UPrause umemezele ukuthi ukufundwa kwakhe kwe-EEG kuhlolwe "ukuqaphela kabusha" (ukuzwela), kunokujwayela. Noma ngabe iPrause beyiqinisile uyayinaka kahle imbobo yokuvalwa kwesitatimende sakhe "sokukhohlisa": Noma kunjalo Prause et al. I-2015 bebatholile ukucubungula-abasebenzisa i-porno abancane, ezinye ze-27 ezinye izifundo ze-neurological ziye zabika ukucutshungulwa noma ukufisa (ukuzwela) kubasebenzisi be-porn abathintekayo: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,23, 24, 25, 26, 27. Isayensi ayihambelani nesifundo esisodwa esididayo esithikanyezwe ngamaphutha amabi endlela; isayensi ihamba nokuncipha kobufakazi (ngaphandle kokuthi ukhona i-ajenda eqhutshwa).

buyekeza: Kulesi sethulo se-2018 uGary Wilson ubonisa iqiniso ngemuva kokufundwa okungaqondakali nokukhohlisayo kwe-5, kufaka phakathi izifundo ezimbili ze-Nicole Prause EEG (Steele et al., I-2013 futhi Prause et al., 2015): Ucwaningo Lwezingubo: Iqiniso Noma Izinganekwane?

ISIHLOKO ESIKHULU

Izimangalo zehaba kanye nezimangalo ezinganembile

Njengoba sanyatheliswa ngoJulayi 2015, sizobheka kuleli phepha ngokuthi Prause et al., 2015. Ake siqale ngehaba lomlobi oholayo. Nicole Prause usho ngesibindi kuwebhusayithi yakhe ye-lab ye-SPAN ukuthi lolu cwaningo luyedwa "lukhipha umlutha wezocansi":

Yimuphi umcwaningi ovumelekile angasoze athi kufanele adideke an yonke insimu yocwaningo futhi ukuphikisa zonke izifundo zangaphambilini ngesifundo se-EEG esisodwa?

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uNicole Prause wathi isifundo sakhe siqukethe izihloko eziyi-122 (N). Eqinisweni, lolu cwaningo lwalunezihloko ze-55 kuphela "ezazinenkinga yokulawula ukubukwa kwazo kwezithombe zocansi". Lezi zihloko zaqashwa ePocatello Idaho, engaphezulu kuka-50% Mormon. Abanye ababambiqhaza abangama-67 bekuyizilawuli.

Ngesinye isimangalo sesibili esidabukisayo, Prause et al., I-2015 isho kokubili okubhaliwe nasemzimbeni wesifundo:

"Lezi yilezi zindaba zokuqala zokusebenza zomzimba zabantu ababika izinkinga zokulawulwa kwe-Visually Sexual Stimuli izinkinga".

Lokhu akusobala ukuthi kunjalo, njenge- Ucwaningo lwe-Cambridge fMRI ishicilelwe cishe unyaka ngaphambili.

Esitatimendeni sesithathu sithi uNicole Prause uye wagcizelela njalo lokho Prause et al., U-2015 "uphenyo olukhulu kakhulu lwe-neuroscience lokulutha kwezidakamizwa ezake zenziwa". Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nezifundo zokuskena kobuchopho, izifundo ze-EEG zibiza kakhulu ngesihloko ngasinye. Kulula ukuqoqa iqembu elikhulu lezihloko "zezidakamizwa ezingcolile" uma ungazibheki izihloko zokulutha kocansi noma noma yikuphi ukukhishwa (izinkinga zengqondo, izidakamizwa, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-psychotropic, njll.). Izinkinga ezimbalwa ngesimangalo sikaPrause:

  1. Akusona isifundo ngokulutha kabi kocansi uma kungenayo imilutha yezocansi. Lesi sifundo, kanye nezifundo ze-2 zangaphambilini ze-Prause (Prause et al., 2013 & Steele et al., 2013), akazange ahlole ukuthi ngabe yiziphi izihloko eziyizidakamizwa ezingcolile noma cha. U-Prause uvumile ekuxoxweni ukuthi eziningi zezifundo zazinzima kakhulu ukulawula ukusetshenziswa: bezingekho iziyaluyalu. Zonke lezi zihloko kuzodingeka ziqinisekiswe ukuthi izigqila ze-porn zivumela ukuqhathaniswa okusemthethweni neqembu labamlutha abangenazo izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo ze-Prause zenze hhayi ukuhlola izihloko zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuziphatha okucindezelayo, noma ezinye izidakamizwa. Abane kwezigxili ezihlolwe kontanga eziyishumi bathi la maphutha abulalayo: 2, 3, 4, 8.
  2. "Ukwehla kwe-axis ye-HPA emadodeni ane-hypersexual disorder" (2015) kungathathwa njengesifundo esikhulu kunazo zonke esisuselwa ku-neuroscience kuze kube manje "kuma-hypersexourse" (ngezihloko ze-67 ekwelapheni ukuluthwa ngokocansi, uma kuqhathaniswa nezihloko zePrause's 55 ezazicasukile ngokusebenzisa kwazo i-porn). Ucwaningo luhlolisise ukusabela kobuchopho ekucindezelekeni ngokuhlola ukukhishwa kwehomoni ngobuchopho (i-ACTH), kanye ne-hormone elawulwa ubuchopho (i-cortisol). Ngenkathi lolu cwaningo lwashicilelwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kwalokho Prause et al., I-2015, uNicole Prause uyaqhubeka nokumtshela ukuthi isifundo sakhe se-EEG sinkulu kunazo zonke.
  3. Ukwakhiwa kobuchopho nokuxhumana okusebenzayo Okuhlangene Nezingcolile Ukusetshenziswa: I-Brain on Porn (2014) - Kungabhekwa njengokukhulu kune- Prause et al., 2015, ngoba yayinezihloko ezingama-64, futhi zonke zahlolwa ngokucophelela izinto zokukhishwa njengezidakamizwa, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, nokuphazamiseka kwezokwelapha nezemizwa. Izifundo ze-3 Prause azenzanga lokhu.

Prause et al., 2015 ihlolwe umsebenzi we-Brain Wave

Prause et al., I-2015 yayiyi Electroencephalography noma ucwaningo lwe-EEG. Isilinganiso somsebenzi kagesi we-EEG, noma amagagasi obuchopho, ekhanda. Yize ubuchwepheshe be-EEG bukhona iminyaka eyikhulu, impikiswano iyaqhubeka ngokuthi yini ngempela edala amagagasi obuchopho, noma yikuphi ukufundwa okuthile kwe-EEG okusho khona. Ngenxa yalokho, imiphumela yokuhlola ingahunyushwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Izipikha zomsebenzi kagesi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-amplitudes (ngezansi).

Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ezinye ze-EEG amplitudes (LPP, P3) may hlola ukunakwa okunikezwa okuthile okufana nesithombe. Ngokumane nje, ama-amplitudes amakhulu abonisa ukuthi isihloko sizinaka kakhulu ukuvezwa okubukwayo okuvezwe ekuhlolweni. Ku-Prause ukutadisha ukukhuthazwa kwakuvezwa kokubili kwesithombe socansi. Amaphuzu ambalwa abalulekile:

  1. Ukunakwa okukhulu, kanye ne-EEG spike ehambelanayo, angeke asitshele ukuthi ngabe umuntu uvuswa ngokobulili noma uma ehlaselwa. I-spike ephakeme ingase ibangelwe kalula kalula imizwelo emibi, njengokungahleki noma ukuthuthumela.
  2. Futhi i-spike ye-EEG ayikwazi ukusitshela ukuthi ngabe imijikelezo yomvuzo wobuchopho yenziwe yasebenza noma cha. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ezinye izifundo zakamuva zabasebenzisi be-porn ngu Voon et al., 2014. futhi Kuhn & Gallinat 2014 basebenzisa i-fMRI scanners ukukhomba izinguquko zesakhiwo nokuvuza umsebenzi wesifunda.

Kulesi sifundo, Prause et al., I-2015 iqhathanisa umsebenzi we-EEG okuthiwa "imilutha yezocansi" (isilinganiso samahora we-3.8 we-porn / isonto) kuzilawuli (isilinganiso samahora we-0.6 we-porn / isonto). Njengoba bekulindelwe, bobabili "imilutha yezocansi" kanye nezilawuli babenomsebenzi omkhulu we-EEG (LPP amplitude) lapho bebuka izithombe zocansi. Noma kunjalo, the amplitude kwaba ezincane kulabo “abayimilutha yezocansi.”

Prause et al., I-2015 empeleni isekela ukuxilongwa kwe-Porn

Silindele ukuphakama okukhulu "kwemilutha yezocansi", ababhali bathi,

"Le iphethini ibonakala ehlukile kumamodeli wokulutha ngokwemithi. "

Kodwa ingabe lokho kunengqondo ngempela? Njengoba umngane womcwaningi esho, kunoma yiluphi ucwaningo kunemiphumela… futhi kukhona nencazelo yomcwaningi. Imiphumela icace bha: Izilonda zocansi azinakile kangako ezithombeni zobulili be-vanilla obukhanyiswe esikrinini umzuzwana owodwa. Lokhu akumangazi kunoma ngubani odlula izithombe ezingcolile zanamuhla.

Ukutholwa kukaPrause kwezinga eliphansi le-LPP amplitudes "yezidakamizwa ze-porn" uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli empeleni kuhambisana nemodeli yokulutha, ngaphandle kokuchazwa kwakhe ukuthi "ushiye umlutha wezocansi." Ukuthola kwakhe kukhombisa zombili ukungafuneki (noma ukuhlala) nokubekezelelana, okuyinto isidingo sokuvuselela okukhulu. Bobabili bavame ukubonwa eziluthayo, futhi, ngandlela-thile, ngendlela ephazamisayo, futhi kubhaliswe kubasebenzisi abanobudlova obunzima bokuthi babekhona hhayi umlutha (ngaphezulu ngezansi).

Iphuzu eliyinhloko: Uma ukusetshenziswa kobulili bekukhona cha umphumela ezifundweni zikaPrause, besingalindela ukuthi izilawuli kanye "nemilutha yezocansi" babe ne- okufanayo LPP amplitude ngokuphendula izithombe zocansi. Esikhundleni salokho, okuthiwa yiPrause "imilutha yezocansi" yayinokusebenza okuncane kobuchopho (i-LPP ephansi) ezithombeni ze-vanilla porn. Ngisebenzisa amamaki wokucaphuna ngoba iPrause ayisebenzisanga ngempela ithuluzi lokuhlola labo abayimilutha yezithombe zocansi ze-intanethi, ngakho-ke asazi ukuthi abanye babo, noma abanye babo, babeyimilutha yezocansi. Ukuze izimangalo zikaPrause zokukhohlisa nezihloko ezisolisayo eziholelekile zibe semthethweni, konke yezihloko ze-55 zikaPrause bekufanele ngabe bekuyizilutha zangempela zocansi. Akunjalo, hhayi okuningi, kodwa yonke indaba eyodwa. Zonke izimpawu zikhomba inombolo enhle yezihloko ze-55 Prause ezingewona umlutha

Lezi zihloko zaqashwa ePocatello Idaho ngezikhangiso eziku-inthanethi ezazicela abantu ababe “uhlangabezana nezinkinga ezilawula ukubuka kwabo kwezithombe zocansi". I-Pocatello i-Idaho iphezu kwe-50% i-Mormon, eziningi zezifundo zingase zizwe ukuthi noma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kocansi kuyinkinga enkulu. Ngephutha elingakahleleki, ayikho into eyayihlolwe ukulutha kwezidakamizwa. Ngenye iphutha lezindlela, ukukhangisa okulinganiselwe kwabahlanganyeli abanenkinga kuphela "Izithombe zocansi". Njengoba iningi labasebenzisi be-porn abaphoqayo babuka ukusakazwa kwamavidyo kliphu, ngabe lokhu kubabambe iqhaza abaqhubekile?

Ungenzi iphutha, futhi Steele et al., I-2013 noma Prause et al., 2015 ichaze lezi zihloko ezingama-55 njengeziyimilutha yezocansi noma abasebenzisa kabi i-porn. Izihloko zivunyelwe kuphela ukuthi zizizwa "zikhathazekile" ngokusebenzisa kwazo i-porn. Ukuqinisekisa ubumbano lwezikhonzi zakhe, uPrause wavuma Inkulumo ye-2013 ukuthi ezinye zezihloko ze-55 zinezinkinga ezincane kuphela (okusho ukuthi zaziyizinkinga hhayi izidakamizwa ezingcolile):

“Lolu cwaningo belubandakanya kuphela abantu ababika izinkinga, kusuka kancane kancane ezinkingeni ezinkulu, ukulawula ukubukwa kwabo kwezinkanuko zobulili ezibukwayo. ”

Ungayilahla kanjani imodeli yokuluthwa kocansi uma iningi "lemilutha yezocansi" lingeyona imilutha ye-porn? Awukwazi.

I-Prause et al. ukuthola ukuhambisana ngokuphelele UKühn noGallinat (2014), okutholile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kweminye izithombe ezingcolile kubumbene nokusebenza kancane kobuchopho kubasebenzisi abanzi (ababekhona hhayi umlutha) uma evezwa ezithombeni zocansi (.530 seconds). Abacwaningi bathi:

“Lokhu kuhambisana nomcabango wokuthi ukuvezwa okukhulu kwezimo zocansi kuholela ekwehlisweni komthetho kwempendulo engokwemvelo yezenzo zocansi.. "

UKühn noGallinat babike nokusetshenziswa kocansi okuningi okuhambisana nomvuzo omncane wesifunda ompunga kanye nokuphazamiseka kwamasekethe abandakanyeka ekulawuleni umfutho. Ku- lesi sihloko umcwaningi uSimone Kühn, wathi:

"Lokhu kungase kusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okungcolile kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kungagqila uhlelo lwakho lomvuzo."

U-Kühn uthi izincwadi ezikhona zengqondo, izincwadi zesayensi eziphakamisa abathengi be-porn zizofuna izinto nge-novel kanye nemidlalo yokudlwengula ngokweqile.

"Lokho kungafanelana ngokuphelele ne-hypothesis ukuthi izinhlelo zabo zomvuzo zidinga ukukhuthazwa okukhulayo."

Esinye isifundo se-EEG wathola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kobulili kwabesifazane okuhlobene nokusebenza kakhudlwana ebuchosheni. Ngokumane nje, labo abasebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile zingadinga ukukhuthazwa okukhulu kwezinga lokuphendula elibonwa kubasebenzisi abambalwa, futhi izithombe ze-porn ye-vanilla akunakwenzeka ukubhalisa njengento yonke ethakazelisayo. Intshisekelo encane, ilinganisa nokucatshangelwa okuncane, nokufunda okuphansi kwe-EEG. Ukuphela kwendaba.

Prause et al., I-2015 i-Concedes That UKühn noGallinat I-2014 ingahle ibenze

Esikhathini sengxoxo, Prause et al, kucatshangelwe UKühn noGallinat futhi wayinikeza njengencazelo engenzeka yephethini engezansi ye-LPP. Wayesendleleni efanele, futhi kubi kakhulu ukutolika kwakhe wabe esethatha i-U-turn kusuka kudatha yakhe. Mhlawumbe ukukhetha okunamandla kukaPrause ngokumelene nokulutha kwezidakamizwa kwenza ukutolika kwakhe. Her wangaphambili Isiqubulo se-Twitter uphakamisa ukuthi angase abone ukungakhethi okudingekayo ocwaningweni lwesayensi:

“Ukufunda ukuthi kungani abantu bekhetha ukuzibandakanya ocansini ngaphandle kokucela umlutha wombhedo ”

Ngokusobala, izithombe ezisamile ezisetshenziswe bobabili uKühn noPrause zehluke kakhulu kwiziqeshana zevidiyo “ezicacile” zesekhondi lesishiyagalolunye ezisetshenziswe ku-9 Ucwaningo lwe-Cambridge fMRI, ethola ukufana phakathi kobuchopho babalutha bezithombe zocansi nalabo abayimilutha yezidakamizwa. Labo bacwaningi bathola umsebenzi omkhulu wesikhungo somvuzo kwizilonda ezingcolile ngokuphendula amavidyo kliphu, okufana nemilutha.

Izifundo zobulili ze-intanethi nokuchazwa kwazo ziyinkimbinkimbi yokuthi ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile (namanje noma amavidiyo) is ukuziphatha okuluthayo, kunokuba nje kuphela. Ngokuqhathanisa, ukubukela izithombe ze-botod vodka is umkhondo womlutha wotshwala. Ngenkathi lokho kucatshangelwa kungakhanyisa ubuchopho bakhe ngaphezu kobuchopho bokulawula, umlutha wotshwala udinga inani elikhulu lotshwala ukuze athole ukubhuza. Abasebenzisi be-porn abasindayo ezifundweni zaseKühn nasePrause babedinga ukushukunyiswa okukhulu (amavidiyo?) Ukukhombisa i-buzz yabo. Abaphendulanga ngokujwayelekile kuma-stills nje. Lobu ubufakazi bokubekezelelana (kanye nezinguquko zobuchopho ezihlobene nokulutha).

Ukuvuselelwa kwesiqubulo se-twitter sikaNicole Prause:

  1. U-UCLA akazange ayivuselele inkontileka kaPrause. Akakaze axhumane nanoma iyiphi inyuvesi kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2015.
  2. Ngo-Okthoba, i-2015 I-akhawunti yasekuqaleni kaTemuse imiswe unomphela ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa

Kuye Isifundo se-2013 EEG futhi Okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi Amazwe okudumisa ukuthi ukuLubonakala kweBBC okuPhila kungabonisa ukuhlala noma umlutha

U-Prause uthe isifundo sakhe se-2013 EEG bekungokokuqala ukufundwa kwe-EEG kuqoshwa kwababizwa nge- "hypersexourse." Njengoba lokhu bekuyiPrause “yokuqala” iyavuma ukuthi kungukucabangela okumsulwa kokuthi ngabe ama- “hypersexourse” kufanele ube nokufundwa kwe-EEG ephakeme noma ephansi kunokulawula okunempilo:

"Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi kungokokuqala ngqa ama-ERP eqoshwa kwabanobungqingili, kanti nezincwadi eziphathelene nokulutha (i-P300 ephakeme) kanye nokuxhamazela (okuphansi kwe-P300) kusikisela ukubikezela okuphikisanayo, ukuqondiswa komphumela we-hypersexual kucaciswe ikakhulukazi ngezizathu zethiyori." [Okusho ukuthi, ngaphandle kwesisekelo esiningi.]

As kuchazwe lapha Ucwaningo lukaPrause lwe-2013 EEG lwalungenalo iqembu lokulawula, ngakho-ke alunakuqhathanisa ukufundwa kwe-EEG "imilutha yezocansi" "nabangewona imilutha." Ngenxa yalokhu, isifundo sakhe se-2013 asisitshelanga lutho ngokufundwa kwe-EEG kwabantu abaphilile noma "abenza ucansi." Ake siqhubeke nemibono kaPrause kusuka ku-2013:

"Ngakho-ke, abantu abanesifiso sobulili esiphakeme bangabonisa umehluko omkhulu we-P300 phakathi kwesimo sezocansi nezimo ezingathathi hlangothi ngenxa yesibindi nokuqukethwe okungokomzwelo kwesisusa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umehluko omkhulu we-P300 ungalinganiswa ngenxa yokuhlala ku-VSS."

Ngo-2013, u-Prause uthe izidakamizwa ezingcolile zobulili, uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli, zingabonisa:

  1. ephakeme Ukufundwa kwe-EEG ngenxa yokucubungula-ukubuyisela emuva kwezithombe, noma
  2. aphansi Ukufundwa kwe-EEG ngenxa yokujwayela i-porn (VSS).

Ezinyangeni ezinhlanu ngaphambi kokuba kukhishwe isifundo sakhe se-2013 EEG, uPrause noDavid Ley babamba iqhaza ukuze babhale lokhu I-Psychology Namuhla okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi mayelana nesifundo sakhe esizayo. Kuyo bathi “unciphise impendulo kagesi”Kungakhombisa ukujwayela noma ukungabi nandaba:

Kodwa, lapho ama-EEG enikezwa kulaba bantu, njengoba bebheka ukunyakaza okungahambi kahle, imiphumela yayimangalisa, futhi akuyona neze ehambisana ne-theory ye-sex addiction. Uma ukubukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile empeleni kwakujwayele (noma ukungafuni), njengezidakamizwa, ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuzothola impendulo yegesi eyancipha ebuchosheni. Eqinisweni, kule miphumela, akubanga khona mpendulo enjalo. Esikhundleni salokho, ingqikithi yabahlanganyeli ikhombisile izimpendulo zobuchopho ezandayo ezithombeni ezithombeni ezakhonjiswa, njengobuchopho babantu “abajwayelekile”…

Ngakho-ke, sinesidakamizwa se-2013 "Ukuncipha kokuphendula kukagesi" ingabonisa ukujwayela noma ukungahlehlisi. Manje, noma kunjalo, ku-2015, uma u-Prause bathola ubufakazi bokungabi nenhlanhla (evamile emilutha), usitshela "Ukuncipha kokuphendula kukagesi" ukukhipha ukubheja kocansi. Huh?

Phakathi neminyaka emibili edlule kwakuthatha u-Prause ukuqhathanisa ulwazi lwakhe olukhathele olufana neqembu langempela lokulawula, wenze i-flip-flop ephelele. Manje, usho ubufakazi bokungabi nesikhombiso esitholile lapho enezela iqembu lokulawula akunjalo ubufakazi bokulutha (athi yi-2013 bekuzoba njalo). Esikhundleni salokho, uyaphinda agcizelele ukuthi “unenkinga yokulutha.” Lokhu akuhambisani nesayensi, futhi kusikisela ukuthi ngaphandle kokuphikisana nokutholakele, uzothi “unenkinga yokulutha.” Eqinisweni, ngaphandle kokuthi u-2015 Prause enqaba isifundo se-2013 Prause kanye nokuthunyelwe kwebhulogi uzophoqeleka ukuthi "ukucela ukulutha ngokweqile. "

Ngendlela, le ngcaphuno engenhla -“Bonke ababambiqhaza bakhombisile ukukhuphuka kwezimpendulo zobuchopho ngogesi ezithombeni ezingcolile” - kuyadida. Vele kuvamile ukuba nempendulo enkulu ezithombeni zocansi kunezithombe ezingathathi hlangothi zomhlaba. Kodwa-ke, isifundo sikaPrause sika-2013 sasingenalo iqembu elilawulayo, futhi asizange siqhathanise ukufundwa kwe-EEG kwezilonda zocansi kwabangewona imilutha. Lapho nje esenezele iqembu elilawulayo, bekusobala ukuthi ukuvuka ekuphenduleni isithombe esivusa inkanuko kuyinto ejwayelekile nomphumela wanyamalala. Esikhundleni salokho, izikhonzi zakhe kwavela ukuthi zahlushwa ukungafuneki, inqubo yokulutha. Ngamafuphi, imiphumela kaPrause ka-2013 yayingenamqondo (bheka ngezansi), kuyilapho izihloko zakhe ze-2015 ziphikisana nakho konke ayekushilo ngaphambili. Uthi uyakuphikisa ukulutheka ngenkathi ethola ubufakazi bakho.

Indlela Engalungile Nalapha

1) Njengokuthi Ucwaningo lukaPrause lwe-2013 EEG (Steele et al.), izihloko ezikulolu cwaningo bekungabantu besilisa, abesifazane futhi mhlawumbe "nabangewona abesilisa nabesifazane". Bonke ubufakazi bukhombisa ukuthi uPrause usebenzise izihloko ezifanayo esifundweni sakhe samanje nakwisifundo sakhe se-2013: inani labesifazane liyafana (13) nezinombolo eziphelele zisondele kakhulu (52 vs. 55). Uma kunjalo, lesi sifundo samanje futhi kufaka phakathi abangu-7 "abangabungqingili". Lokhu kubalulekile, ngoba kwephula inqubo evamile yokufunda izidakamizwa, lapho abacwaningi bakhetha khona okufanayo izifundo ngokobudala, ubulili, ukuma, ngisho nama-IQ afanayo (more iqembu elilawula ukufanelana) ukuze ugweme ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukuhlukana okunjalo. Lokhu kubaluleke ngokukhethekile ekufundeni okunjengale, okulinganisa ukuvusa izithombe eziphathelene nobulili, njengoba ucwaningo luqinisekisa ukuthi amadoda nabesifazane bahluke kakhulu ekuphenduleni ubuchopho emifanekisweni yezocansi noma amafilimu (Izifundo: 1, 2, 3,  4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14). Leli phutha lilodwa libuza zombili izifundo zikaPrause.

2) Izihloko ze-Prause azizange zihlolwe ngaphambili. Izifundo zobuchopho zokulutha okulungile zihlola abantu abanezimo esezivele zikhona (ukucindezeleka, i-OCD, ezinye izidakamizwa, njll.). Le ukuphela kwendlela abacwaningi abanesibopho abangathola ngayo iziphetho mayelana nokulutha. Bona i- Ucwaningo lwe-Cambridge Univeristy ngokwesibonelo sokuhlola okufanele nendlela yokwenza.

3) Ama-questionnaire amabili uPrause athembele kuzo zombili izifundo ze-EEG ukuhlola "ukubheja kocansi" akuqinisekisiwe ukuvivinya ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi / ukubheja. Isikali Sokuphoqeleka Ngokobulili (SCS) senziwa ngonyaka we-1995 ukukala ukuziphatha kocansi ukusiza ekuhloleni ubungozi be-AIDS, futhi ikakhulukazi hhayi kuvunyelwe abesifazane. I I-SCS ithi:

"Isilinganiso kufanele sibe [siboniswe?] Ukubikezela izinga lokuziphatha kocansi, izinombolo zocansi abalingani bobulili, ukuziphatha kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zocansi, kanye nemigomo yezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi."

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthuthukisi we-SCS uxwayisa ukuthi leli thuluzi ngeke libonise i-psychopathology kwabesifazane,

"Izinhlangano phakathi kwamanxeba okuphoqeleka ngokobulili kanye nezinye izimpawu ze-psychopathology zabonisa amaphethini ahlukene amadoda nabesifazane; ukuphoqeleka ngokobulili kwahlanganiswa nezinkomba ze-psychopathology kumadoda kodwa hhayi kwabesifazane. "

Njengesi-SCS, uhlu lwemibuzo lwesibili (i-CBSOB) ayinayo imibuzo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kocansi kwe-Intanethi. Yenzelwe ukubheka izihloko ze- "hypersexual", nokuziphatha okungalawuleki kocansi - hhayi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezinto ezisobala kwi-intanethi.

Umlutha ovumelekile "isifundo sobuchopho" kumele:

  1. babe nezihloko nezilawuli ezihlukahlukene,
  2. hlola ezinye izifo zengqondo nezinye izidakamizwa, futhi
  3. sebenzisa imibuzo nemibuzo eqinisekisiwe ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izihloko empeleni ziyiziphuzo ezingcolile.

Izifundo ezimbili ze-EEG kwabasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile azizange zenze lokhu, kodwa zathola iziphetho ezinkulu futhi zazishicilela kabanzi.

Izimangalo Kumele Kusekelwe yiDatha

Ukudumisa, ngokuvuma kwakhe, ukulahla umqondo wokulutha kabi kocansi, futhi ukholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi akungabangela izinkinga. Isibonelo isingeniso kusuka kulesi samuva Isihloko sikaMartin Daubney mayelana nobulili / izidakamizwa ezingcolile:

UDkt. Nicole Prause, umphenyi oyinhloko ku-Psychophysiology ne-Affective Neuroscience (Span) Laboratory eLos Angeles, uzibiza ngokuthi "u-debunker ochwepheshe" wokulutha ubulili.

Ukwehluleka okunjalo okungahle kwenzeke kungase kuholele ekumangalisweni okuningi kwe-Prause, engahambisani nedatha yakhe yokuhlola.

Isibonelo sokuqala isifundo sakhe sango-2013 “Isifiso sobulili, hhayi ukucwasana ngokobulili, kuhlobene nezimpendulo ze-neurophysiological ezenziwe ngezithombe zocansi. ” Ezinyangeni ezinhlanu ngaphambi kokuthi lolu cwaningo lushicilelwe, uPrause walukhipha (kuphela) kusazi sezengqondo UDavid Ley, ovele wabhala ngokuzenzakalelayo ngakho I-Psychology Namuhla, ukusho ukuthi kufakazela ukuthi umlutha wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile wawungekho. Izimangalo ezinjalo, empeleni, zazingasekelwa ucwaningo lapho lushicilelwa. Ingcaphuno elandelayo ithathwa kulokhu ukuhlaziya okubuyekezwa kontanga kwesifundo:

'Ukutholwa okukodwa okuphawulekayo akusho lutho ngomlutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu okutholakele okuphawulekayo yi kubi ukulungiswa phakathi kwe-P300 nesifiso sobulili nomlingani (r = -0.33), okubonisa ukuthi ubukhulu be-P300 buhlobene aphansi isifiso socansi; lokhu ngokuphikisana ngqo nokuchazwa kwe-P300 njengo high isifiso. Akunakuqhathaniswa namanye amaqembu okulutha. Akukho ukuqhathaniswa nokulawula amaqembu. Iziphetho ezithathwe abacwaningi yi-quummage ephuma emininingwaneni, engasho lutho ngokuthi abantu ababika inkathazo eqondisa ukubuka kwabo kwezithombe zocansi noma abanakho ukuphendula ubuchopho obufana ne-cocaine noma ezinye izinhlobo zokulutha.

Njengoba nje esifundweni samanje se-EEG, uPrause wathi ubuchopho babantu bakhe abuphendulanga njengezinye izilonda. Eqinisweni, izifundo zakhe zazinezifundo eziphakeme ze-EEG (P300) lapho kubukwa izithombe zocansi - okuyikho kanye okwenzekayo lapho imilutha ibuka izithombe ezihlobene nokulutha kwazo. Ukuphawula ngaphansi kwe- Psychology Today interview ngezimangalo zikaPrause, kusho uprofesa ophezulu wezepolitiki uJohn A. Johnson:

"Umqondo wami usathukile kumaPrause athi ubuchopho babafundi bakhe abuzange baphendule ezithombeni zocansi ezifana nezidakamizwa zemilutha yezidakamizwa baphendule kuzidakamizwa zabo, inqobo nje uma ebika ukufundwa okuphezulu kwezithombe zocansi. Njengomlutha nje okhombisa ama-spikes we-P300 uma elethwe ngomuthi wawo wokuzikhethela. Angasithola kanjani isiphetho esiphambene nemiphumela yangempela? Ngicabanga ukuthi kungenzeka kungenxa yokuqonda kwakhe lokho abebekulindele. ”

Lokhu Ukubuyekezwa kwe-2015 yezincwadi ze-neuroscience ekubhebhethekeni kobulili ezingcolile kwaqhubeka:

Ucwaningo lwenzelwe ukuhlola ubuhlobo phakathi kwe-ERP amplitudes uma ubuka izithombe ezingokomzwelo nezomzimba kanye nezinyathelo zombuzo wobulili obucansi kanye nesifiso socansi. Abalobi baphetha ngokuthi ukungabikho kwemibono phakathi kwezibalo eziphathelene nemibuzo ye-hypersexual futhi kusho ama-amplitudes e-P300 uma ubuka izithombe zobulili "ukwehluleka ukuhlinzeka ngokusekelwa kwama-hypersexual pathological"303] (iphe. 10). Kodwa-ke, ukungabi khona kwemibono kungachazwa kangcono yiziphambeko eziphikisanayo endleleni. Isibonelo, lolu cwaningo lusetshenziselwa izidakamizwa eziphathekayo (abesilisa nabesifazane, kuhlanganise no-7 abangewona abesilisa nabesifazane). Ucwaningo lwe-Cue-reactivity ngokuqhathanisa ukuphendula komqondo kwezidakamizwa ekulawuleni okunempilo kudinga izifundo ezizimele (ubulili obufanayo, ubudala obufanayo) ukuze kube nemiphumela evumelekile. Ngokucacile ekufundiseni izidakamizwa ze-porn, kusungulwe kahle ukuthi abesilisa nabesifazane bahluke ngokujulile ebuchosheni nasezimpindeni ezizimele ezifanisayo zobulili ezibukwayo [304, 305, 306]. Ukwengeza, imibuzo emibili yokuhlola ayiqinisekisiwe kubasebenzisi abasebenzisa i-IP abanomlutha, futhi izihloko azange zihlolwe ezinye izibonakaliso zokudakwa noma ukukhathazeka kwemizwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiphetho esichazwe ku-abstract, "Impikiswano yokuqonda ubulili obufanayo njengesifiso esikhulu, kunokukhathazeka, kucatshangelwa" [303] (i-1) kubonakala kungekho lapho kucatshangelwa ukuthi isifundo sithola ukuthi ukuphakama kwe-P300 kwakungavumelani kabi nesifiso sobulili nomlingani. Njengoba kuchaziwe ku-Hilton (2014), lokhu okuthola "ngokuphambene ngokuqondile nokuchazwa kwe-P300 njengesifiso esiphakeme" [307]. Ukuhlaziywa kukaHilton kuveza ukuthi ukungabikho kweqembu lokulawulwa nokuhluleka kobuchwepheshe be-EEG ukubandlulula phakathi "nesifiso sobulili obuphezulu" nokuthi "ukuphoqeleka ngokobulili" kwenza uSteele et al. okutholakele okungenakuqondakala [307].

Okokugcina, ukutholakala okuphawulekayo kwephepha (ukuphakama okuphezulu kwe-P300 ezithombeni zobulili, ngokuphathelene nezithombe ezingathathi hlangothi) kunikezwa ukunakwa okuncane engxenyeni yengxoxo. Lokhu kungalindelekile, njengoba ukutholakala okuvamile ngezidakamizwa nezidakamizwa ze-intanethi ukuphakama kwe-P300 okuhlobene nokungahambisani nokungathathi hlangothi lapho kuvezwa emibonweni ebonakalayo ehambisana nokulutha kwayo [308]. Eqinisweni, Voon, et al. [262] banikeze ingxenye yengxoxo yabo ehlaziya lokhu okutholwe ukufundwa kwe-P300. Voon et al. uma kunikezwa incazelo yokubaluleka kwe-P300 enganikezwa ephepheni le-Steele, ikakhulukazi ngokuqondene namamodeli wokulutha, okuphetha,

“Ngakho-ke, womabili umsebenzi we-DACC ocwaningweni lwamanje lwe-CSB nomsebenzi we-P300 ubike ocwaningweni olwedlule lwe-CSB [303] kungabonisa izinqubo ezifanayo zokubamba iqhaza. Ngokufanayo, kokubili izifundo zibonisa ukuhlangana phakathi kwalezi zinyathelo ngesifiso esithuthukisiwe. Lapha siphakamisa ukuthi umsebenzi we-DACC uhambelana nesifiso, okungase kubonise inkomba yokulangazelela, kodwa akuhambisani nokuthanda okusikisela ekutheni umthamo wokulutha umfutho we-incentive-salience. [262] ”(Ikhasi 7)

Ngakho ngenkathi laba balobi [303] bathi ukutadisha kwabo kuphikisana nokusetshenziswa kwesimiso sokulutha kwezidakamizwa ku-CSB, Voon et al. kwafakazela ukuthi laba abalobi banikeze ubufakazi obusekela lo mfanekiso.

Ngezansi: Amaphepha ayisishiyagalombili abukeziwe kontanga avumelana nokuhlaziywa kwethu Steele et al., 2013 (Izibukezo ezibuyekezwa kontanga Steele et al., 2013) The Ukucwaninga kwe-2013 EEG kubike ngempela ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephakeme (P300) lapho izifundo zivezwa ezithombeni zocansi. I-P300 ephakeme kwenzeka uma izilonda zivezwa ezinkomba (ezifana nezithombe) ezihlobene nokulutha kwayo. Kodwa-ke, lolu cwaningo aluzange lube neqembu lokulawula ukuqhathanisa, okwenza lokho okutholakele kungaqondakali (njengoba kuchazwe ngaphezulu kwalesi sifundo samanje nje sithole iqembu lokulawula lecwaningo lwe-2013). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lubike ukucutshungulwa okukhulu kwe-porn ekuxhumaniseni nayo Ngaphansi isifiso sobulili obuhlukanisiwe. Kulula: Ucwaningo luthole ukuvuselelwa kobuchopho obukhulu kakhulu nesifiso esingaphansi kocansi (kodwa hhayi isifiso esincane sokushaya indlwabu). Akusikho kahle lokho okushiwo yi-headlines mayelana ne-porno okwandisa isifiso socansi noma izidakamizwa zobulili nje ngokuba ne-libidos ephakeme.

Ngokufana nesifundo samanje sikaPrause, isifundo sakhe sesibili esivela ku-2013 sathola umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezilawuli kanye "nemilutha yezocansi" - "Akukho Ubufakazi Bokuhlukunyezwa Kwengqondo Ku "Abesilisa Abangqingili" Ukubika Imizwa Yabo Emibonweni Yezocansi (2013). ” Njengoba kuchaziwe kulokhu kuhlaziywa, isihloko sifihla okutholakele uqobo. Eqinisweni, "imilutha yezocansi" yayine Ngaphansi ukuphendula ngokomzwelo uma kuqhathaniswa nezilawuli. Lokhu akumangalisi abaningi Izidakamizwa ezingcolile zibika imizwa enzima nemizwa. UPrause usivikele lesi sihloko ngokuthi ubelindele “ukusabela okukhulu ngokomzwelo”, kepha akazange asinikeze nencazelo “yokulindela” kwakhe okungabazisayo. Isihloko esinembe kakhudlwana besingaba yile: “Izihloko ezinenkinga yokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwazo kobulili zibonisa impendulo encane engokomzwelo kumafilimu ezocansi, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuhlala, isibonakaliso sokulutha“. Lokhu okutholwayo kuhambisana nesifundo samanje se-EEG sikaPrause futhi I-Kühn & Gallinat (2014), futhi ikhombisa ukungafuni ukukhetha.

Ephepheni likaPrause lika-2015, "Ukubukela isenzo socansi esithinta ukuphendula okukhulu kocansi, hhayi ukukhwabanisa kwe-erectile“, Azikho izimangalo zephepha ezisekelwa yimininingwane enikezwe ezifundweni eziyisisekelo. Ukuhlaziywa okubili, okukodwa okwenziwa ngumuntu ojwayelekile, kanti okunye kukadokotela (okubuyekezwe ngontanga), kuchaza amaphepha ukungafani okuningi nezimangalo ezingabazisayo:

Njengoba kuphawuliwe ekuhlaziyweni okungenhla, uPrause akazange alinganise ukuphendula ngokocansi, ama-erections, noma ukusebenza kobuchopho. Esikhundleni salokho, abasebenzisi be-porn banikeze inombolo embuzweni owodwa ukuzibika kwabo "kokuvusa ucansi" ngemuva kokubuka izinto ezibukwayo zocansi. Labo abakumahora we-2 + ngesonto ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn babenezibalo eziphakeme kancane ngemuva kokubuka i-porn. Lokhu yilokho umuntu angakulindela. Lokhu akusitsheli lutho ngokuvusa kwabo ucansi ngaphandle kocansi noma ukuvuka kwabo ngokocansi nomlingani wakho. Futhi alisho lutho ngomsebenzi we-erectile. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi isihloko kufanele sibe yini njengoba iPrause ingakhiphanga imininingwane efanele, kepha kubonakala sengathi isihloko esinembile singaba "Ukusetshenziswa kocansi okuningi kwenza abantu besabe."

Okumangalisa nakakhulu ukuthi amaphuzu ezinsizwa (isilinganiso seminyaka engama-23) ephepheni lakhe akhombise ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile. Asinikezwa nje kuphela isizathu sokuthi kungani lezi zinsizwa zine-ED, sitshelwa amanga ngabantu besilisa “kubike ukusebenza okuhle kwe-erectile ”. Singaqhubeka nokuqhubeka ngaleli phepha.

Ku-2014, uPrause wahlangana ngokusobala noDavid Ley - umbhali we Inkolelo-mkhuba Yezokwelapha Ngokwezocansi, ongenalo isizinda ku-neuroscience yokulutha noma ocwaningweni - ukukhiqiza ukubuyekeza okungabazisayo ngendaba yokulutha kocansi: "U-Emperor Awukho Izembatho: Ukubuyekezwa kohlobo lwe- "I-Pornography Addiction". ” Yilokhu kubukeza abalobi abakushoyo ngesiphakamiso esimangazayo sokuthi, "I-Intanethi [ayikhombisanga] ukubuka okwengeziwe kwezocansi." Nakulokhu futhi, cishe akukho lutho ekubukezeni kweLey & Prause okulindelwe ukuthi kuhlolisiswe, njengoba lokhu kuhlaziywa okunemininingwane ebuhlungu kuveza: "U-Emperor Alikho Izingubo: I-fairytale ephukile ebeka njengesibuyekezo."

Okokugcina, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi owayengumfundi uNicole Prause une- umlando omude abalobi abahlukumezayo, abacwaningi, abathintekayo, abathintana nabo nabanye abazama ukubika ubufakazi bokuhlukumezeka kokusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi. Kubonakala sengathi ehle kakhulu embonini yezocansi, njengoba kungabonakala kulokhu isithombe sakhe (ngakwesokudla) emgqeni obomvu we-X-Rated Critics Organization (XRCO) umkhosi wemiklomelo. (Ngokusho kwe-Wikipedia the I-XRCO Awards anikezwa yiMelika Izinkampani zokuhlaziya ezibalwe ngu-X minyaka yonke kubantu abasebenzisa ukuzijabulisa kwabantu abadala futhi yiwona kuphela umklomelo wemiklomelo omdala oboniswa kuphela ngamalungu embonini.[1]). Kubuye kubonakale ukuthi iPrause ingaba nayo wathola abenzi be-porn njengezihloko ngokusebenzisa enye imboni ye-porn interest group, the Ukusebenzisana kwamahhala okukhulumayo. Izifundo ezitholwe yi-FSC kusolwa ukuthi zazisetshenziswa kuyena isifundo sokuqasha-isibhamu use ungcotshwe kakhulu futhi Ezentengiselwano kakhulu “Ukuzindla Ngokwezifiso” uhlelo (manje kuphenywe yi-FBI) .I-Phaphama lenzile izimangalo ezingasekelwe mayelana imiphumela yezifundo zakhe kanye naye izindlela zokutadisha. Ukuze uthole imibhalo eminingi, bheka: Ingabe uNicole Prause Uthonywe Ngu-Porn Industry?

Ngokufingqiwe, Izifundo Ezintathu Zezingqungquthela Zabasebenzisi Bokuzijabulisa Zihambisana Ne Ucwaningo lweCambridge futhi UKühn noGallinat (2014).

1) Isifiso socansi, hhayi ubulili obufanayo, sihlobene Nezimpendulo Ze-Neurophysiological Ezihlotshiswe Izithombe Zezocansi (2013)

  • Ivumelanisa ne I-23 nezinye izifundo ze-neurological kubasebenzisi be-porn nabasolwa ngokuhlukumeza ngokobulili abathola ukukhishwa kwe-porn noma izifiso (ukuzwela). Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifundo se-Prause sabika Ngaphansi isifiso socansi somlingani ohambisana naye ukuhahar cue-reactivity. Ngokwesifiso esifanayo, isifundo sokuqala seCambridge sabika ukuthi i-60% yezifundo zazibunzima ekufezeni izinto zokuvusa / ukuvusa nabalingani bangempela, kodwa kungase kutholakale izilungiselelo zokuzijabulisa nge-porn.

2) Akukho Ubufakazi Bokuhlukunyezwa Kwengqondo Ku "Abesilisa Abangqingili" Ukubika Imizwa Yabo Emibonweni Yezocansi (2013)

  • Ivumelanisa nayo I-Kühn & Gallinat (2014) lapho kusetshenziselwa ezinye izithombe ezingcolile zihambisana nokusebenza okuncane kobuchopho ekuphenduleni izithombe zocansi. Futhi ihambelana nayo izifundo zengqondo kubasebenzisi be-porn.

3) Ukushintshaniswa Kwezinto Ezinhle Zesikhathi Eside Ngezithombe Zobulili Kubasebenzisi Benkinga Nokulawula Okungahambisani ne- "Porn Addiction" (2015)

  • Ivumelanisa nayo I-Kühn & Gallinat (2014) lapho kusetshenziselwa ezinye izithombe ezingcolile zihambisana nokusebenza okuncane kobuchopho ekuphenduleni izithombe zocansi.
  • Iqondanisa ngokuphelele ne-2013 Prause eyathi ama-amplidi e-EEG aphansi (uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula) angabonisa ukujwayela noma ukungahlehlisi.

Bekungeke yini kube kuhle uma izintatheli nama-blogger empeleni befunda izifundo, futhi benikezwe ososayensi bezidakamizwa, ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwenjoloba kokushicilelwa kwabezindaba zocansi noma ukulunywa kwemisindo? Ngezansi: Konke ubuchopho kanye nezifundo ze-neuropsychological eshicilelwe kuze kube manje isekela ubukhona bokulutha kwezocansi, kufaka phakathi iPrause's.

UKUPHUMA KWE-CRITIQUE OKUQALA

Ukuhlaziywa Prause et al. kukhishwe ku “I-neuroscience ye-Inthanethi ye-Pornography Umlutha: Ukubuyekezwa nokubuyekeza", I-2015:

Olunye ucwaningo lwe-EEG olubandakanya abalobi abathathu abafanayo olusanda kushicilelwa [309]. Ngeshwa, lolu cwaningo olusha lubhekene nezinkinga eziningi ezifanayo zendlela yokwenza ngendlela efanayo ngaphambili [303]. Isibonelo, sisetshenziselwe i-pool ephathekayo yezihloko, abacwaningi basebenzisa ama-questionnaires angahlolwayo angazange avunyelwe abasebenzisi be-pornography abasebenzisa i-intanethi ye-intanethi, futhi lezi zihloko azizange zihlolwe ezinye izibonakaliso zokudakwa noma ukukhathazeka kwemizwa.

Esifundweni esisha, uPrause et al. kuqhathanisa umsebenzi we-EEG wababukeli abaningi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi kanye nokulawula njengoba bebheka kokubili izithombe zocansi nezingathathi hlangothi [309]. Njengoba kulindeleke, ukuphakama kwe-LPP ngokuphathelene nezithombe ezingathathi hlangothi kwandiswe kuwo wonke amaqembu, nakuba ukukhuphuka kwe-amplitude kwaba mncane kwizihloko ze-IPA. Ukulindele ukuphakama okukhulu kwababukeli abaningi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi, abalobi bathi, "Leli phethini libonakala lihlukile emifanekisweni yokulutha izidakamizwa".

Ngenkathi ama-amplitudes amakhulu e-ERP ekuphenduleni izigwegwe zokulutha izidakamizwa ezihlobene nezithombe ezingathathi hlangothi kubonakala ekufundiseni izidakamizwa, ukutholakala kwamanje akulindelekile, futhi kuhambelana nokufundwa kukaKühn noGallinat [263], othole ukusetshenziswa okuningi okuhlobene nokusebenza kakhudlwana kobuchopho ekuphenduleni izithombe zobulili. Engxenyeni engxoxweni, abalobi bakhulume uKühn noGallinat futhi banikeza ukujwayela njengenkcazelo evumelekile yephethini elingaphansi le-LPP. Okunye okushiwo nguKühn noGallinat, noma kunjalo, ukuthi ukugqugquzela okukhulu kungase kubangele izinguquko ze-neuroplastic. Ngokucacile, izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile zisebenza ngokuhambisana nomthamo wezinga eliphansi e-dorsal striatum, ukuvuvukala ngokocansi okuhambisana nesisusa [265].

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi okutholakala kuPrause et al. babekwehlukile kulokho ababekulindele [309]. Omunye angalindela ababukeli abavamile bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zobulili ze-intanethi ukuba babe nama-amplitudes afanayo e-LPP ekuphenduleni ukufinyeleleka okufutshane ezithombeni zocansi uma ukusetshenziswa kwezingane ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-Internet akuzange kube nomphumela. Kunalokho, ukuthola okungalindelwe kukaPrause et al. [309] ukusikisela ukuthi ababukeli abaningi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi bajwayele ukujwayela izithombe. Omunye angase afane ngokulinganayo nalokhu ekubekezeleni. Ezweni lanamuhla lokufinyeleleka kwe-Inthanethi ngokusheshisa, kungenzeka ukuthi abathengi abaningi abasebenzisi be-pornography be-intanethi babheka amafilimu namavidiyo ocansi ngokuphambene namacici okwamanje. Amafilimu ezocansi akhiqiza ukuvusa okungokwenyama nokuzicabangela kunezithombe zocansi [310] nokubuka amafilimu ezocansi kubangela inzalo encane nokuphendula ngokocansi kwezithombe zocansi [311]. Ukuhlanganiswa ndawonye, ​​i-Prause ne-al., No-Kühn no-Gallinat ziholela ekuphethweni okunengqondo ukuthi ababukeli abaningi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi badinga ukuvuselelwa okubukeka okukhulu ukuze baphendule izimpendulo zobuchopho ezifana nokulawulwa okunempilo noma abasebenzisi be-porn abalinganiselayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitatimende sikaPrause et al. [309] ukuthi, "Lezi yizibalo zokuqala zokusebenza zomuntu ezibika izinkinga zomthethonqubo we-VSS" kunenkinga ngoba ibheka uphenyo olushicilelwe ekuqaleni [262,263]. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ekuhloleni izimpendulo zobuchopho ekubhekeni kwezidakamizwa ezingcolile kuyi-Internet ukuthi ukubuka isenzo socansi kuyindlela yokulutha. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izifundo zokucubungula-ukucubungula ezidakamizwa ze-cocaine zisebenzisa izithombe ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-cocaine (imigqa emhlophe esibukweni), kunokuba izihloko empeleni zisebenzise i-cocaine. Njengoba ukubukwa kwezithombe zobulili namavidiyo kungukuziphatha okuluthayo, izifundo zokuvuselelwa kobuchopho esikhathini esizayo kubasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ku-Inthanethi kumele ziqaphe kokubili ukuklama nokuhlola kwemiphumela. Isibonelo, ngokuphambene nokuvezwa okwesibili kwemifanekiso esasetshenziswa yi Prause et al. [309], Voon et al. wakhetha amavidyo kliphu we-9-sesibili ekuqalisweni kwawo kwe-reactivity paradigm ukuze afane ngokulingana ne-Internet porn stimuli [262]. Ngokungafani nokuvezwa okwesibili kwemifanekiso emanje (Prause et al. [309]), ukuvezwa kwevidiyo ye-9-yesibili kwaholela ekusebenzeni okukhulu kobuchopho kubabukeli abanobucayi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-internet kunokuba ukuvezwa kwe-one-second imifanekiso yamanje. Ngokuqondene nokuthi abalobi babhekisela ekutadisheni kukaKühn noGallinat, bakhululwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nesifundo seVoon [262], nokho abazange bavume iVoon et al. funda noma yikuphi ephepheni labo naphezu kokubaluleka okubalulekile.

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