Zomwe mukufunikira kudziwa pazonena za Johann Hari
ZOSINTHA 2022: Kafukufuku wochuluka akuwonetsa kuti chithandizo cha anthu chomwe chimaonedwa kuti ndi chothandiza chili ndi mphamvu zochepa zodziwira ngati chifukwa chotsutsana ndi vuto la kugonana. Ndi chothandiza, koma si njira yabwino. Onani Ubale wa chithandizo cha anthu chomwe chimaonedwa kuti ndi chothandiza ndi khalidwe logonana lokakamiza. Ngati mukulimbana ndi chizolowezi choledzera, yesani kupeza chithandizo cha anthu. Komanso chitani khama loyambitsanso ndikulumikizanso ubongo wanu.
Kanema wotchuka wa Kurzgesagt - Mwachidule , wochokera pa nkhani ya TED ya Johann Hari , akupereka mfundo zingapo zabwino kwambiri. Choyamba, ubwino wa kulumikizana ndi anthu ndi wofunikira kwambiri pa thanzi la tonsefe.
Monga mtundu, tikhoza kukhala anzeru kuyendetsa kulumikizana kokwanira - komanso kutali ndi zokopa zopanda nzeru, zamankhwala komanso zamakhalidwe. Chachiwiri, omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo sayenera kuchitidwa ngati zigawenga. Ayenera kuphunzitsidwa momwe angathetsere matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala matenda osachiritsika - matenda ophunzirira zamatenda, omwe amatsagana ndikusintha kwaubongo komwe kumayendetsabe ntchito ngakhale atakumana ndi zovuta.
Komabe, phindu la kulumikizana kapena pempho la Hari loti achiritse omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo silingatsimikizire mutu wake kutanthauza kuti kusuta kwa sayansi kwatha, kapena kunyalanyaza iliyonse ya mfundozi. Hari akadatha kulimbikitsa mauthenga ake osanyalanyaza kapena kunyalanyaza mapiri a kafukufuku wolimba wofalitsidwa pamankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Ena afotokoza mwanzeru zofooka za zomwe Hari ananena pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (mankhwala osokoneza bongo). Onani “ Zinthu 4 Zimene Johann Hari Amalakwitsa Ponena za Kuledzera ” (Chothetsera) ndi “ Chilichonse Chimene Timaganiza Kuti Tikudziwa Zokhudza Kuledzera Ndi Cholakwika – Mwachidule, Chosokeretsa ” (Reddit). Tikakonza zina mwa mfundo zabodza zomwe zili muvidiyoyi, tidzayang'ana kwambiri pa zizolowezi zamakhalidwe zomwe zimaphatikizapo mitundu yachilendo ya mphotho zachilengedwe.
Vidiyoyi imachokera pazolakwika
Kanemayo akuyamba ndi mkangano wokhudza munthu wosuta. Amanena kuti ngati "zomwe timaganiza kuti tikudziwa zokhudza kuledzera" zinali zoona, aliyense amene wapatsidwa heroin kuchipatala akanaledzera. Ndipotu, palibe katswiri woledzera amene amakhulupirira izi. Ofufuza amanena kuti 10-20% yokha ya ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amapatsidwa ndi omwe amakhala oledzera, mwa anthu ndi nyama . Mfundo yabodza ya Hari ndi yoti khoswe aliyense wosungidwa m'khola amakhala woledzera akapatsidwa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito heroin kapena cocaine. Ndi pafupifupi 20% monga momwe kafukufuku wa 2010 ukusonyezera (ndi kuchuluka kwa heroin kokwera pang'ono):
"Mu kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu magazini ya Science ya pa June 25 , gulu la ofufuza linamangirira makoswe a m'chipatala ku chipangizo chomwe chimalola makoswe kudzipatsa okha mlingo wa cocaine—mtundu wa coke IV. Patatha mwezi umodzi, ofufuzawo anayamba kuzindikira makoswe omwe adazolowera mankhwalawa pofufuza zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za chizolowezi: kuvutika kusiya kapena kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo; chilimbikitso chachikulu chopitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito; ndi kupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito ngakhale zotsatirapo zoyipa. 20 peresenti yokha ya makoswe adawonetsa zizindikiro zonse zitatu za chizolowezi, pomwe 40 peresenti sanasonyeze chilichonse."
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa 20% osokoneza bongo ndi 80% omwe sanali osokoneza bongo sikunali kulera kwaubwana kapena kukhala mikhalidwe yoyipa. M'malo mwake, ndi momwe ubongo wama makoswe udasinthira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zakale zakale (kapena mwina epigenetics). Nkhaniyi ikupitiliza kuti:
"Poyamba, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumasintha kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka ubongo wa munthu aliyense akamaphunzira zinthu zosiyanasiyana: Ngati mumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mudzamva bwino—ndithudi maganizo owopsa omwe mungakhale nawo mukalandira cocaine wambiri. Mwamwayi, nthawi zambiri ubongo umaphunziranso momwe ungalamulire kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ubongo wokonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, osati kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi anzawo omwe sakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ubongo wa makoswe okonda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ulibe "kukongola" kokwanira—ubongo womwe umaulola kuti usinthe malinga ndi kusintha kwa nthawi—kuti uthetse chizolowezi chawo . Makoswe awa amakhala mu malingaliro okonda kulandira mphotho, ndipo chifukwa cha chizolowezicho amatsika kwambiri."
Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, 10 - 20% ndiye mitengo yazomwe wogwiritsa ntchito angathe kudzipatsa yekha mankhwala, motero kulimbitsa kulumikizana pakati pa "mkulu" ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Kulimbitsa mtundu uwu ndikosiyana ndi zipatala, komwe mankhwala opweteka amayendetsedwa, ndipo kupezeka kwa ululu kumafooketsa kulimbitsa (chifukwa thupi limapanga kale ma opioid ake kotero kuti mankhwala "okwera" samawoneka).
Kupatulapo kuchuluka kwa 10-20% ya chizolowezi ndi nikotini, yomwe akatswiri ambiri amaiona ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwambiri kwa anthu . Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake ndikovomerezeka pagulu ndipo zotsatira zake nthawi yomweyo sizimafooketsa (makhalidwe omwe amafanana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti). Panali nthawi yomwe pafupifupi 50% ya akuluakulu aku America anali osuta. Kodi anthu onse omwe ali ndi vuto la nikotini anali ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kukondana? Kodi onsewa anali osungulumwa? Ayi. Ngakhale masiku ano tili ndi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri aku America omwe ali osangalala komanso opambana, koma sangathe kusiya kusuta. Izi zokha zikutsutsa mfundo ya Hari.
Ngakhale kuti chiŵerengero cha 10-20% cha chizolowezi chingagwire ntchito pa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, tiwona kuti mitundu yodabwitsa ya mphotho zachilengedwe (zolaula pa intaneti, zakudya zopanda thanzi) ingakope anthu ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, popatsidwa chisankho pakati pa shuga ndi cocaine, 85% ya makoswe amasiya cocaine kuti adye zinthu zotsekemera. Kuchokera mu kafukufukuyu :
"Kusanthula kwa kafukufuku wakale wa zoyeserera zonse m'zaka 5 zapitazi kwawonetsa kuti ngakhale kuti kugwiritsa ntchito cocaine kunali kolemera bwanji m'mbuyomu, makoswe ambiri amasiya kugwiritsa ntchito cocaine mosavuta n'kusankha njira ina yosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ochepa okha, osakwana 15% omwe adagwiritsa ntchito cocaine mopitirira muyeso, adapitiliza kumwa cocaine, ngakhale atakhala ndi njala ndipo adapatsidwa shuga wachilengedwe."
Ngati "Mwachidule" owonera akauzidwa zowona, kuti ndi makoswe ochepa okha omwe amakhala osokoneza bongo, uthenga wa Hari ungataye mphamvu zake zambiri.
Paki yamasewero ayesetsedwe
Hari akutipempha kuti titenge kuyesera kwa "Rat Park" kwa 1979 ngati uthenga wabwino ngakhale kuti kubwerezabwereza kwa kuyeserako kunalephera . Pochita izi, Hari akutipemphanso kuti tisanyalanyaze zaka pafupifupi 40 za chizolowezi cha neuroscience , chomwe chazindikira kusintha kwa maselo, mamolekyulu ndi ma epigenetic komwe kumayambitsa machitidwe omwe timawazindikira ngati chizolowezi. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezeka kwa molekyulu imodzi (DeltaFosB) mwadala kumapangitsa makoswe kulakalaka mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zakudya zopanda thanzi. Kutseka molekyulu yomweyi ya malo opatsa mphotho kumaletsa chizolowezi mwa nyama za labu. Mofananamo, mwa anthu, anthu omwe amamwa cocaine (omwe anamwalira mwadzidzidzi) anali ndi chizolowezi chochuluka cha DeltaFosB m'malo opatsa mphotho a ubongo wawo.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri n'chakuti, kafukufuku wochuluka wofufuza ubongo umanena kuti kusintha kwa ubongo komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha chizolowezi ndi komwe kumasonyeza bwino amene adzabwererenso ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ). Ndipotu, mosiyana ndi zomwe Hari ananena, zinthu zokhazo zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kupambana kapena kubwereranso zinali kukula kwa kusintha kwa ubongo komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha chizolowezi. Kuchokera ku kafukufuku wina :
"Zambiri za ER-fMRI zimafaniziridwa ndi zamisala, matenda amisala, kuchuluka kwa anthu, banja komanso mbiri yakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti apange zofananira, ndipo adapezeka kuti adaneneratu za kudziletsa molondola kuposa njira ina iliyonse yomwe yapezeka mu kafukufukuyu."
Kodi ubongo ungasinthe motani kubwereza kubwereza ngati vuto lokha lauchidakwa linali kusagwirizana kwaumunthu?
Pali zambiri pankhani yaku Vietnam
Wolemba nkhani iyi “ Wofufuza za Heroin wa ku Vietnam Angatsutse Maganizo a Johann Hari pa Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kuledzera ” akutsutsa zomwe Hari ananena (ngakhale kuti pamapeto pake amatsimikiza kuti kuledzera ndi chisankho, lingaliro lomwe sitili nalo). Akunena kuti heroin inali yotsika mtengo komanso yopezeka mosavuta ku Vietnam, ndipo asilikali oposa 80% adapereka izi mkati mwa sabata yoyamba. Komabe, kafukufuku wa 1974 akunena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo sikunali kofala kwambiri:
"Pafupifupi amuna 13,760 omwe adalembetsa asitikali abwerera ku United States kuchokera ku Vietnam mu Seputembara 1971. Pakati pa anthu 13,760, pafupifupi 1,400 adapezeka kuti anali ndi nkodzo wokhala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo panthawi yochoka."
Ndi 10% yokha ya asirikali obwerera omwe adayesedwa kuti ali ndi opiates. Ndizokayikitsa kwambiri kuti onse 1400 anali osokoneza bongo a heroin, makamaka tikawona kuti ena akadapatsidwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kuchuluka kwa anthu XNUMX pa XNUMX aliwonse omwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo ndi otsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mowa mwa anthu aku US.
Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito heroin mofala kunali chifukwa cha nkhawa ya ku Vietnam kapena kunali chifukwa chopeza mosavuta heroin yotsika mtengo? Chomwe chinapezeka chinali chakuti asilikali ambiri omwe pamapeto pake adakhala oledzera heroin anali ndi mbiri yakale yogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti majini awo anali ndi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito heroin. Anatero wofufuzayo,
"Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito asanayambe ntchito, kumapangitsa kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo azigwiritsidwa ntchito ku Vietnam."
Ngati chinali kupsinjika maganizo pankhondo, n’chifukwa chiyani amuna omwe pamapeto pake anakhala zidakwa nthawi zambiri ankayamba kugwiritsa ntchito heroin kumayambiriro kwa maulendo awo, asanayambe kumenyana? N’chifukwa chiyani kugwiritsa ntchito heroin sikunagwirizane ndi nkhondo? Wofufuzayo anati:
"Omwe adawona kumenya nkhondo molimbika sanayeneranso kugwiritsa ntchito kuposa omenyera nkhondo omwe sawona pang'ono, kamodzi akaganizira mbiri yawo isanakwane."
Kodi n'zosadabwitsa kuti ambiri a heroin-akugwiritsa ntchito asilikari ataima atabwerera kwawo? Heroin ndi yamtengo wapatali, nthawi zambiri zovuta kupeza, ndipo imasokoneza moyo waumphawi: kupeza ntchito, kugwira ntchito, kukonzanso ubale, ndi zina zotero.
Bwanji za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula pa intaneti?
Nkhani za Hari zalandilidwa mwachidwi pamasamba ochezera zolaula pomwe ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri adalumikizidwa ndi zowonera zawo kotero kuti amadzimva kukhala okhaokha. Lingaliro la Hari limawalimbikitsa kuti azinena kuti ali ndi chizolowezi chomangokhala osalumikizana ndi anthu. Komabe, Hari akusowa kwathunthu chidziwitso, chomwe chimasiya owerenga intaneti omwe ali ndi khungu lalikulu.
Ubale pakati pa kulumikizana kwa anthu ndi chizolowezi umayenda mbali zonse ziwiri , osati mbali imodzi. Anyamata ambiri omwe amasiya amazindikira kuti kulephera kwawo kulumikizana ndi chifukwa cha chizolowezi chawo, ndipo amakhala okonda kucheza ndi anthu akasiya. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ngakhale kudzipatula kungayambitse kudzipatsa mankhwala kudzera mu chizolowezi, chizolowezicho chimalepheretsa kulumikizana ndi munthu ndipo chimalepheretsa ubwino wake. Ubongo wokonda chizolowezi umasinthidwa kotero kuti kukonda munthu nthawi zambiri sikumamveka bwino kapena kumamveka bwino, poyerekeza ndi mankhwala kapena khalidwe lomwe wogwiritsa ntchitoyo "wakhala" nalo.
Mobwerezabwereza, timaona kuti anyamata omwe amasiya kugonana amanena kuti amatha kulumikizana kwambiri ndi ena, komanso kukhala okhutira kwambiri. Ena amazindikira kuti anali anthu ochezeka, osati anthu odzipatula . Nthawi zambiri amadabwa ndi momwe amasangalalira kwambiri ndi kucheza ndi anzawo, kuchita zogonana ndi anzawo , komanso kufika pachimake panthawi yogonana. Koma amafunika nthawi yodziletsa kuti asachite zinthu mopitirira muyeso asanayambe kupindula ndi zotsatira zabwino za kulumikizana. Dongosolo lawo la mphotho la ubongo limafuna nthawi kuti ligwirizanenso . Hari sachita izi.
Mphamvu ya madalitso achilengedwe apamwamba
Chimodzi mwa tanthauzo la uthenga wa Hari ndi chakuti "bola ngati wina ali ndi malo abwino ochezera, amatha kuchita zikhalidwe zosokoneza bongo popanda chiopsezo chokhala osokoneza bongo." Izi ndizosokeretsa monga chikhulupiliro chakuti zinthu zosokoneza bongo ndizowopsa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito onse. Tikuwona ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri akuvutika ndi zovuta zolaula pa intaneti omwe adakulira mosangalala komanso kuchita zambiri zosangalatsa. Tikuwona amuna okwatira achimwemwe akulimbana nawo. Tiyeni tiwone bwino chifukwa chake zolaula pa intaneti ndizokakamiza ngakhale kwa iwo omwe ali ndi mayanjano abwino.
Bwererani kaye kuti muganizirenso za mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zotsatirapo za mankhwala ambiri omwe amapereka "kuledzera" ndi zosokoneza. Ambiri amasintha chikumbumtima, amasokoneza luso loyendetsa galimoto, amayambitsa vuto la kutopa, ndi zina zotero. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo nawonso ndi oopsa kupeza kapena okwera mtengo (kapena onse awiri). Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi osayenera m'malo mwa mphotho zachilengedwe. Zaka zambiri za chisinthiko zasintha ubongo wa nyama kuti ukhale ndi chakudya, kugonana, mgwirizano, kupambana, kusewera ndi zinthu zatsopano. Ngakhale Hari akutiuza kuti kulumikizana ndiye mphotho yeniyeni yomwe tikufuna, amanyalanyaza mphotho zina zachilengedwezi. Monga momwe katswiri wa zamaganizo Stanton Peele adanenera mu positi iyi ya blog ya Psychology Today :
"Rat Park ndi kuyesera kwakale komwe makoswe, omwe kale anali atazolowera kumwa mankhwala a morphine, ankakonda kupitiriza kumwa madzi m'mabokosi ang'onoang'ono, koma anapewa morphine m'malo mwa madzi ku Rat Park, malo otakata komanso olemera komwe kunali makoswe ambiri a amuna ndi akazi. M'malo otere, kuthekera kopikisana pa kugonana kunayamba msanga kuposa kufunafuna narcosis - mwachitsanzo, kugonana kuli bwino kuposa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a makoswe ."
Hari sakufotokozera owonera ake kuti mitundu yodabwitsa ya mphotho zachilengedwe (zakudya zopanda thanzi zamakono ndi zolaula pa intaneti, mwachitsanzo) ndizokopa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso zosokoneza bongo kuposa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mowa. Zolimbikitsa zachilendo ndi mitundu yokokomeza ya zolimbikitsa wamba, koma molakwika timaziona ngati zamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Izi zimathandiza kufotokoza chifukwa chake 35% ya akuluakulu aku America ndi onenepa kwambiri ndipo 70% ndi onenepa kwambiri , ngakhale kuti palibe amene akufuna kutero. Ndi gawo la mphotho la ubongo wathu likuwala, titha kuchepetsa mosavuta ma calories 1500 mu ma burger, ma fries ndi ma milkshake. Yesani kuchepetsa ma calories 1500 a nyama yokazinga youma ndi mizu yophika nthawi imodzi (kapena tsiku limodzi).
Kafukufuku wochuluka wa nyama wasonyeza kuti zakudya zopanda thanzi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuposa cocaine, ( makoswe amakonda shuga kuposa cocaine ) ndipo kudya kwambiri kuposa kunenepa kwambiri kungayambitse kusintha kwa ubongo chifukwa cha chizolowezi . Ndipotu, makoswe akapatsidwa mwayi wopanda malire wopeza "chakudya cha m'kafeteria," pafupifupi 100% amadya kwambiri . Ubongo ndi machitidwe a makoswe onenepa amafanana ndi a anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Makoswe omwewa sadya kwambiri ndi mbewa wamba, monga momwe asodzi osonkhanitsa sanenepa pa zakudya zawo zachikhalidwe.
Kunena izi mwanjira ina, palibe njira zobadwira zofunafuna heroin, mowa, kapena cocaine. Komabe pali njira zosiyanasiyana zopezera ndi kudya chakudya komanso kugonana. Ndipo, ngakhale timakonda chakudya chabwino, chilakolako chogonana komanso kutopa kumatulutsa milingo yayikulu ya mankhwala amitsempha (dopamine ndi opioids). Ndi momwe ziyenera kukhalira: kubereka ndiye ntchito yoyamba ya majini athu.
Ngakhale kuti makoswe ochepa okha amakhala osokoneza bongo; 100% amatsata kuti asatope
Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani mukagwetsa khoswe wamwamuna m’khola ndi khoswe wamkazi wolandira? Choyamba, mumaona kukwiya kogonana. Kenako, pang’onopang’ono, matayala a mwamuna wamkaziyo amatuluka. Ngakhale akufuna zambiri, iye watopa nazo. Komabe, m’malo mwa mkazi woyambayo ndi watsopano, ndipo mwamunayo nthawi yomweyo amatsitsimuka ndipo amavutika kwambiri kuti amupatse feteleza . Mutha kubwereza izi ndi akazi atsopano mpaka atafa kwathunthu.
Izi zimatchedwa Coolidge effect — yankho lokha kwa mabwenzi atsopano. Umu ndi momwe Coolidge effect imagwirira ntchito : Magulu a mphotho a makoswe akupanga mankhwala a neurochemicals ochepa (dopamine ndi opioids) poyerekeza ndi akazi omwe alipo, koma amapangitsa kuti akazi atsopano ayambe kukula kwambiri. Majini ake amafuna kuonetsetsa kuti sasiya akazi onse osabereka ... kapena kudzitopetsa okha.
Nzosadabwitsa kuti makoswe ndi anthu si osiyana kwambiri pankhani yoyankha ku zinthu zatsopano zokhudzana ndi kugonana . Mwachitsanzo, pamene ofufuza aku Australia (graph) adawonetsa filimu yofanana yokhudza kugonana mobwerezabwereza, zogonana za anthu omwe adayesedwa komanso malipoti okhudza kugonana adawonetsa kuchepa pang'onopang'ono kwa chilakolako chogonana. " Kale lomwelo " limakhala losasangalatsa.
Pambuyo poonera maulendo 18—pamene anthu omwe amayesedwa anali kugwedeza mutu—ofufuza adayambitsa nkhani zatsopano zokhudza kugonana kwa amuna pa 19 ndi 20. Bingo ! Anthu omwe adayesedwawo ndi mbolo zawo adatchuka. (Inde, akazi adawonetsa zotsatira zofanana .)
Inde, nyama yodyetsa yokhala ndi chidziwitso chosatha cha akazi okondeka idzachitika kokha ku labu osati m'chilengedwe. Kapena kodi?
Kuonera zolaula pa Intaneti kumakhudza kwambiri
Zolaula za pa intaneti zimakopa makamaka anthu omwe amalandira mphoto chifukwa zimapereka chiwonetsero chosatha cha zinthu zatsopano zogonana. Zingakhale "mnzanu" watsopano, malo osazolowereka, kugonana kwachilendo, kapena - mumadzaza malo opanda kanthu. Ndi ma tabu angapo otsegulidwa ndikudina kwa maola ambiri, wowonera amatha kuwona anthu ambiri ogonana nawo nthawi iliyonse kuposa momwe makolo athu osaka ndi osonkhanitsa adakumana nawo m'moyo wawo wonse.
Ndi zolaula za pa intaneti, si nkhani yogonana yosatha yokha yomwe imakhudza dera lathu la mphotho. Malingaliro amphamvu monga nkhawa , kudabwa kapena kudabwa amawunikiranso dera lathu la mphotho. Mosiyana ndi kupeza heroin pakona ya msewu, zolaula zamasiku ano ndizosavuta kuzipeza, zimapezeka maola 24 pa sabata, zaulere komanso zachinsinsi. Mosiyana ndi chakudya ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zomwe zili ndi malire ogwiritsira ntchito, palibe zoletsa zakuthupi pakugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti. Njira zachilengedwe zokhutitsira ubongo sizimayatsidwa pokhapokha ngati munthu wafika pachimake. Ngakhale zili choncho, wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kudina chinthu chosangalatsa kwambiri kuti ayambenso kusangalala.
Mosiyana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula tsopano kwafala kwambiri, ndipo pafupifupi kulikonse pakati pa anyamata achinyamata omwe ali ndi intaneti. Komanso, ambiri osakwana zaka 30 amaona kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi "kwabwino" komanso gawo labwino la "kugonana." Anyamata achichepere masiku ano amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula chifukwa amasangalala nazo, osati chifukwa choti alibe ubale kapena chikondi. ( Mafukufuku onse a sayansi ya ubongo omwe afalitsidwa mpaka pano amathandizira chitsanzo cha chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula.)
Njovu mu chipinda: ubongo wa achinyamata
Hari - yemwe si katswiri wa chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo - sadziwa kuti ubongo wa achinyamata uli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso makhalidwe oipa, zomwe sizikutanthauza kuti anthu ambiri amacheza ndi anzawo. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kwa achinyamata, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumawononga kwambiri ubongo wa akuluakulu.
Komanso, chiopsezo chogwera mu chizolowezi cha mitundu yonse ndi chachikulu kwa achinyamata, monganso chiopsezo cha kugonana chifukwa cha zolaula . Kuchuluka kwa erectile dysfunction, kuchedwa kutulutsa umuna komanso chilakolako chochepa cha okondedwa enieni chikukwera mwa anyamata amakono . Ubongo wa wachinyamata uli pachimake pakupanga dopamine ndi neuroplasticity , zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha chizolowezi ndi kugonana . Zinyama zachinyamata zimapanga DeltaFosB yambiri poyankha mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mphotho zachilengedwe.
Chomwe tili nacho tsopano ndi chakuti achinyamata nthawi zonse amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yodabwitsa kwambiri panthawi yomwe ubongo wawo ukulumikizana ndi malo ogonana . Cholinga chachikulu cha unyamata ndikuphunzira zonse zomwe zingatheke pankhani yogonana (mosazindikira komanso mosazindikira) kuti abereke bwino mtsogolo. Zolaula za pa intaneti zimatha kusintha kapena kusokoneza ubongo wathu kuti tipeze zogonana komanso kubereka - komanso kutilepheretsa kuphunzira maluso omwe timafunikira kuti tilumikizane.
Kaya mwadzidzidzi kapena ayi, makanema ojambula a Hari akuwonetsa kuti malo abwino ochezera amaletsa chizolowezi. Izi si zoona, makamaka kwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi ubongo wozindikira kwambiri. Monga momwe wotsogolera pulogalamu yochira Gabe Deem akunenera:
Makoswe omwe ali mu Rat Park amatha kugonana m'malo mwa heroin, koma zomwe analibe ndi mwayi woti "kuthira" makoswe azimayi mamiliyoni ambiri pazida za intaneti.