I-Op-ed: Ngubani na ophikisa i-science kwiimifanekiso engamanyala?

I-Op-ed.PNG

Isingeniso ngu-YourBrainOnPorn.com

Andikwazi ukukuxelela kaninzi kangako "iileta eziya kumhleli" kwiphephandaba laseSalt Lake ekhankanywe ngokuthi "ubungqina" bokusetyenziswa koonobumba bangela ukuba akukho iingxaki kunye nokutshabalalisa i-porn engekhoyo: I-Op-ed: Iprogram ye-anti-porn school igxotha inzululwazi. Ihlala iposwe kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo (iQuora, iTwitter, uFacebook) njengobungqina bokuba i-YBOP, Yilwa nesiyobisi esitsha okanye abanye baye basichaza gwenxa imeko zophando okanye benze izifundo eziphosakeleyo. Kumphezulu ubonakala usemthethweni njenge-7 PhD buddies yombhali UNicole Prause isayiniwe kuyo.

Nangona kunjalo, xa sihlolisiswa ngakumbi siyafumanisa ukuba:.

  1. Ayiboneleli ngemizekelo yokuchazwa gwenxa ngokuthi "Yilwa isiyobisi esitsha", okanye omnye umntu. 75
  2. Akukho namanye amabango asekelwa ngamagama.
  3. Iingcali ze-8 ze-neuro zikhankanya iinjongo ezisekelwe kwi-neuroscience-based.
  4. Akukho nanye wabaphandi abaye bapapasha isifundo esibandakanya uqinisekisiwe "ukugqithiswa koonografi."
  5. Abanye abasayine i-Op-Ed banayo Iimbali zokuhlaselwa ngokugqithiseleyo ngcamango yokuxhatshazwa koonobumba kunye nezocansi (ngaloo ndlela kubonisa ubuhlanga obukhulu).
  6. Uninzi lwabambisene nombhali ohamba phambili we-Op-Ed (uMdumisi) okanye wakhe umlingane (Pfaus).

Eli gama le-600-Op-Ed ligcwele ugcino lwenkxaso engaxhaswanga eyenzelwe ukukhohlisa uluntu. Isilele ukuxhasa ibango elinye njengoko icacisa amaphepha e-4-akukho namnye kubo onento yokwenza nokukhotyokiswa zi-porn, iziphumo ze-porn kubudlelwane, okanye iingxaki zesondo ezibangelwa zi-porn.

Mna kunye nezinye iingcali kule nkalo zakha izibhengezo zayo kunye neengcamango ezingenanto ngeempendulo ezimfutshane apha ngezantsi. Ngokungafani ne "neuroscientists ze-Op-Ed," sacacisa iiphando eziliqela eziliqela kunye nokuphononongwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kweencwadi, kubandakanya ezininzi zilandelayo:

Ukungakwazi kukaPrause ukukhankanya isifundo esinye esichazwe gwenxa yi-FTND kwaqinisekiswa ngaphakathi le ntambo ye-twitter apho umsebenzisi we-SB ucelomngeni u-Prause ukuba achaze kwaye achaze iifundo ze-FTND ezingamangalelwanga. Impendulo ayiphenduli:

I-YBOP ilinde iminyaka eyi-5 ngo-Prause ukubiza isifundo esisodwa esiye sichazwa ngu-FTND. Salindile.

Ekugqibeleni, umfundi kufuneka aqaphele ukuba iPrause yinto efundiswa ngaphambili imbali ende abalobi abahlukumezayo, abaphandi, abaphengululi, abathathi-ntatheli nabanye abanobuqili bokuvakalisa ubungqina benzakalisi kwi-intanethi. Ubonakala ngathi iyancwina kakhulu kwiinkampani zoonografi, njengoko kubonakala kulo umfanekiso wakhe (ekunene) kwicala elibomvu le-X-Rated Critics Organization (XRCO). (Ngokutsho kwe-Wikipedia the I-XRCO Awards kunikwa nguMelika I-X-Rated Critics Organization rhoqo ngonyaka kubantu abasebenzisa ukuzonwabisa ngokudala kwaye yimivuzo yabantu abadala abadala kuphela abonakaliswe kuphela kwiimveliso zoshishino.[1]). Kwakhona kubonakala ukuba iPrause ingaba nayo bafumana abenzi bezithombe zoononondazi njengezifundo ngokusebenzisa elinye iqela lokuthabatha inzondo, i Ulungelelaniso lweNtetho yeNtetho. Izifundo ezifunyenwe nge-FSC kuthiwa zazisetyenziswa kuye isifundo sokuqesha umpu kwi ngco lisile kwaye Intengiso kakhulu "yokuCamngca ngokuDibeneyo" icebo (ngoku iphandwe yi-FBI). Umcule uyenzile amabango angaxhaswanga malunga iziphumo zezifundo zakhe kunye naye iindlela zokufunda. Ukufumana amaxwebhu amaninzi, funda: Ngaba uNicole Prause Uchithezelwa yiShishini lezono? 

Uhlaziyo (Aprili, 2019): Kumzamo wokuphelisa ukugxekwa kwe-YBOP, a bambalwa abaziingcali abazibhengeza benze iqela ukuba bebe uphawu lwentengiso lweYBOP. Akumangalisi ukuba, iqela likhokelwa nguNicole Prause kwaye libandakanya abanye ababhali be-op-ed aba-3: UJanniko Georgiadis, uErick Janssen, noJames Cantor. Jonga eli phepha ngeenkcukacha: Ukwephulwa kweMpawu zoTywala eziKhuselekileyo ezixhaswe yi-Porn Addiction Deniers (www.realyourbrainonporn.com). Ukuba ukhangele uhlalutyo lwesifundo ongenakukwazi ukuchaza oku kulandelayo khangela: I-Porn Science Deniers Alliance (AKA: "RealYourBrainOnPorn.com" kunye ne "PornographyResearch.com"). Ihlola iphepha lophando lokuphambuka "iphepha lokuphanda," kubandakanywa nokufundwa kwe-cherry-picking outlier, ukunyaniseka, ukungahoxisi, kunye nokukhohlisa.

I-Op-ed: Ngubani na ophikisa i-science kwiimifanekiso engamanyala?

I-8 neuroscience zenzululwazi ziyahluleka ukukhankanya isifundo esisodwa se-neuroscience ukuxhasa abo mabango

NguClay Olsen, uGail Dines, uMary Anne Layden, uGary Wilson, uJill Manning, uDonald Hilton noJohn Foubert

Iindleko zokungaziphathi kakubi isayensi zinzulu. Sibhala ngokuphendula kwi ukutshintshwa kwangokukuhlalutya Melana neDrams entshaibango lenzululwazi. Esikhundleni sokuba nje "ngabavukeli" njengababhali abathumelayo, sibonisa iminyaka eyi-130 yamava olwazi oludibeneyo kuphando okanye ukuncedisa abo bachaphazelekayo.

Ngoxa ababhali be-op-ed ngaphambili bavuma "isizathu esithile sokukhathazeka" ngokubhekiselele kwimizila yokusebenzisa iiporografi, phantse ihafu yabo inkcazo ichaza "imiphumo emihle yokusetyenziswa kwefayili yecala," ngelixa kunciphisa nayiphi na ingozi enkulu. Ngolu hlobo "lwengqiqo," bathi, i-FTND ayiphumelelanga ukuvuma emsebenzini wabo kwizikolo.

Ukhankanya isifundo esisodwa kuphela, uluhlu lwabo olubanzi lwezinto ezifunyenwe kwi-pornography zivela "ekuphuculiseni ubulili," ngakumbi "ulonwabo nolonwabo" kunye nokuphucula "ukuthuthuzela nokubonakala komntu." Ngokwesicatshulwa esisodwa siyacelwa ukuba sikholwe Ukuveliswa koononografi kukhuthaza "ukuzithemba okuphezulu" kubadlali xa ukusetyenziswa kwayo "kunciphisa ubudlova kunye nokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo" -ku, ngaphandle kokukhankanywa izifundo ezintandathu Ukuqinisekisa iingxaki zempilo yengqondo kunye nempilo yabenzi besifazane okanye ngokupheleleyo Uvavanyo lwe-50 olwenziwe ngabafundi ngokuqhagamshelana ngqo noonobumba basebenzise ubundlobongela ngesondo.

Ababhali bathi ukuhlalutya ngokuchanekileyo kwezesayensi kuqinisekisa kuphela "ipesenteji encinci yalabo babecinga iifestile zesondo" njengokuba kunemiphumo emibi-ukucaphula "ngaphantsi kweepesenti ze-2 zamadoda, ngaphantsi kwama-0.05 ekhulwini labasetyhini." Bakwenza ngaphandle kocatshulwa , kwaye ngaphandle kokukhankanya i-2016 US isifundo apho i-28% yabasebenzisi bezonyango bafumana (okanye ngasentla) i-cutoff ngenxa yokungaxhatshazwa kwe-hypersexual, okanye i-2016 I-Belgian isifundo apho i-28% yabasebenzisi bezononongo bahlola ukusetyenziswa kwabo koononophelo njengengxaki (amazinga aphezulu aphazamisayo, enikezelwa ukuba abasebenzisi bezinto ezinokubangela umlutha ngokuqhelekileyo bahlala phakathi kokugqibela ukuqonda ukuba baneengxaki). Nangona kunjalo, abalobi be-op-ed baya kubambana ukuba i-pornography "ayinayo imiphumo emibi" kwaye endaweni yoko "imiphumo emihle."

Kudlulile Uvavanyo lwe-75 olwenziwe ngabafundi-Ukunyamezela ubungqina ukuya kutshatyalalwano-ukuxhatshazwa koononografi kusetyenziswa ubudlelwane obungaphantsi okanye ukwaneliseka ngokwesondo (ewe, abaninzi banokubangela imiphumo emihle kwakhona). Kananjalo ukunyanzelwa Izifundo ze-30 zidibanisa Ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kwiingxaki zesini kunye nokunyuka okuphantsi, Izifundo ze-55 zokubhala ukunyuka koonografi okanye ukuhlala kweso sigxina Ukuhlolwa kwezesayensi ze-20 ebeka ingozi enkulu ekusebenziseni imifanekiso engamanyala.

Uphando olunjalo, aba bhali bathi, kufuneka baxoshwe kwi-"efanelekileyo" yokuhlola. Ngokwahlukileyo, abo abangavumelani nokuhlalutya kwabo ngokukodwa, ngamazwi abo, "bawutyeshela indlela yenzululwazi" okanye bahluleka ukwenza ngokufanelekileyo "izifundo ezinzulu".

Ngaba oko kuya kusebenza kulo ngoku I-41 ipapashwe izifundo ze-neuroscience kwiiyunivesithi ezinjengeCambridge, Yale kunye neMax Planck ukuhlola iipatheni kwiibhendi zabasebenzisi bezonografi abaqhelekileyo? Phantse zonke izifundo ze-neuroscience zifumene Ingqondo ishintsha ihambelane nomlutha, kubandakanywa nezifundo ze-28 zokubhala ku khuthazwa okanye cue-reactivity, ishumi elinesibhozo lamaxwebhu ezijikelezayo ezijikelezayo kunye namaxwebhu asibhozo ukungafuneki.

Zinokuthi zinzima ukuyiqonda njani inzululwazi ezisibhozo zeeurosayensi, ngakumbi xa nini abangaphezu kwama-60 neuroscientists zi gqityiwe Idatha yabo yengqondo ixhasa ukuxhatshazwa kwezilwanyana ezingcolileyo. Enyanisweni, iqela elilodwa liguqulela idatha yabo kwiibrazil zabasebenzisi bezonyango ngaphandle kwalowo okhokelwa ngumlobi ohamba phambili we-op-ed. Nini uphononongo lwangaphandle olupapashwe ngokutsha luhlalutya yale datha, baqukumbela ukuba iqela belijongile ubungqina bendawo yokuhlala kunye nokungafuneki kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuzo zonke iipateni zokulutha. Ngokuchasene namabango ombhali okhokelayo wokuba isifundo sakhe esingathandekiyo seqela lakhe sasisodwa "sabonisa iziyobisi ezingamanyala," ubungqina kweso sifundo asikumeli.

Nangona kunjalo, aba bhali bathi loluntu umonakalo ayifuni ekusebenziseni imifanekiso engamanyala, kodwa evela ukugxininisa esidlangalaleni ukuba inokulimaza!  Ukukwabelana ngesigijimi malunga neentlobo zoonografi ezinokubangela ubunobutsha ngobuncinci, bazingela ukuba, ingozi eyinyani-ifuna abaphathi bezikolo ukuba baqinisekise ukuba ulutsha luva "umbono olinganiselayo" ovuma kwakhona ukuba iziphumo "ezilungileyo" zoonografi.

Ngenxa yokuqaqamba komgaqo izindululo zababhali zikunye ukumka phambi kobungqina ngokuqhubekayo sibhala uluhlu lwezinto ezinokubakho ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwamanyala, sinyanzelekile ukuba sibuze: Ngoobani abatshakazi apha? Kwaye, ngumdla kabani oya kuhanjiswa ngokuhambisa izigqibo zababhali kubantwana bethu?

Ngokubhekiselele kwi ziweyo zentlalo, zengqondo, ezingqondweni, ezithintekayo zesini kunye nophuhliso kulutsha, siphakamisa ukuba lixesha lokuphuhlisa indlela enempilo ephakamileyo ebonakaliswayo yokufundisa nokukhusela ulutsha kwingozi engamanyala. Abantwana bethu bafanelwe ubuncinane ubuninzi.

[Ukufumana iimpendulo kumaninzi amaninzi ezongezelelweyo ezenziwe kulolu hlobo, jonga ngezantsi]

UClay Olsen ngu-CEO kunye nomseli-mququzeleli wokulwa neNew Drug, kunye nomsunguli, umqhubi ophambili kunye nomqondisi wobugcisa we-Fortify, indawo yoluntu inkxaso yoluntu kubantu abajongene neengxaki zoononophala.

Gail Dines, Ph.D. uprofesa woluntu kunye nezifundo zabesifazane kwiKololeji yaseBroelock eBoston, kunye nomongameli osisiseko seNkcubeko, ukunyaniseka kwintlalo kunye nokumelana nentsha kwiinkcubeko zoononophelo.

U-Mary Anne Layden, u-Ph D, nguMlawuli weNkqubo yokuThuthukiswa kwezesondo kunye ne-Psychopathology Programme kunye neZiko loNyango lweCognitive kwiSebe lezeMpilo kwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania.

UGary Wilson ngumdali YourBrainOnPorn.com kunye nombhali "Ubunzima bakho kwi-Porn: Iphonografi ye-Intanethi kunye neNzululwazi eQalayo yoTywala."

Jill Manning, Ph.D. ngumcebisi womtshato kunye nosapho, umphandi kunye nombhali ose Colorado. Okwangoku ukhonza ebhodini labalawuli beeNkcitho ziLungele, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo eyenzelwe ukwenza i-intanethi iphephile kubantwana nakwiintsapho.

UDonald Hilton, MD, ungosazululwazi onxulumene ne-neurosurgery kwiYunivesithi yaseTexas yezeNzululwazi yezeMpilo eSan Antonio kunye nomnye we-American Association of Neurological Surgeons.

UJohn D. Foubert, Ph.D., unguNjingalwazi oMiselweyo weKholeji yoPhuhliso lwabafundi kwiKyunivesithi yase-Oklahoma State kwaye ngulo mbhali wencwadi entsha, indlela ozenza ngayo ii-Pornography Harms: Abeneminyaka engama-10, abadala nabazali nabazali.

IsiHlomelo: Iingongoma ezisixhenxe zeempendulo:

1. Ifilosofi yesayensi. Emva kokulwa ukuba i-FTND "ngokuchanekileyo ukuchasisa isayensi "kwaye" ukungayinaki indlela yenzululwazi"Abalobi bachitha umhlathi omde behamba ngemigaqo ababango bayaphula, oku:

"Indlela yenzululwazi idinga ukudala i-hypothetical falsifiable, ngoko kudala iimvavanyo zokuchasisa le ngcamango. Kuphela ukuba iinkcukacha ziyahluleka ukuchasisa i-hypothesis enye ingagqiba ekubeni i-hypothesis ixhaswa, ingabonakali."

Ndiyifumene! Kwaye kanye. Sikulandela ukuza kuthi ga ngoku…

Ba qhubeka, "Ileta ye-FTND ibonisa ukuba (a) kukho ukuvavanya okunzima ukufuna ukuchasisa ingcamango yokuba uonografi unomlutha okanye unobungozi"

Yep. Kukho!

"(b) olu vavanyo luye lwahluleka ukuphikisa le ngcamango"

Yep. Ibe!

"kwaye (c) ubungqina obuphikisanayo bufunyenwe. "

Ayikho yonke into. Nope!

Kunzima ukuba kutheni i-neuroscience i-neuros iyakunakunqumla ulwalathiso lobu bungqina bokuba ubungqina bokuba bubonisa ubungqina.

2. Ukumelwa kokufunda. Abalobi be-Op-Ed bathi, "Abasebenzisi befilimu bezesondo abazange batyathwe iisampuli kunoma yiphina indlela yokumela, kwaye izifundo zaphela kunye neesampuli ezixhasayo zokubika iingxaki malunga nokusetyenziswa kwefilimu yabo yesini. "

Inyaniso, lwethu uluhlu lwezifundo ze-75 Ukudibanisa nokusetyenziswa koononophelo kunye noxhatshazo ngokwesini okanye ulwalamano nolwalamano olulodwa luye lwasamphula lo mbandela wokwaneliseka kummeli: kokubili kwicandelo eliphambili kunye nexesha elide.

3. Ulwalathiso ngolwimi noxinzelelo. Ababhali bathi, "ukuqonda ukuziphatha njengokuba 'umlutha' uye wabhalwa yingozi engqondweni."

Nangona kunjalo isifundo ababhekiselele kuso asizange sihlole ingozi engokwengqondo eyenziwe kubantu abavakalelwa kukuba ukuziphatha kwabo kwakumlutha. Unxibelelwano lwabo luya kwisifundo esifumene ukuba amanqaku ekuhlolweni koxilongwane lwezesondo ezihlobene nokukhathazeka kwengqondo. Ukubeka nje, amazinga aphezulu okuxhatshazwa koononobumba ahambelana namazinga aphezulu okuxakeka, okumele alindeleke kubasebenzisi abanengxaki. Ye Ukuhlaziya okupheleleyo kwesi sifundo klikha apha.

4. Ulwalathiso lweelwimi kunye nokungasebenzi kwezesondo. Ababhali bathi, "ukucingwa kweendlela zokuziphatha njengomlutha'…ibangele abafana bacinga ukuba bane-erectile disys function xa bengenayo. "

Buxoki kwakhona. Ikhonkco iya kwiphepha le-4 iimeko zeenkcukacha zeenkcukacha zamadoda amancinci ayenayo i-erectile dysfunction ("ingakholelwa" babe ne-ED njengoko ababhali babanga). Akukho nto ikhankanyiweyo yokusetyenziswa koononophelo okanye ukutshaywa kwezilonda zobulili kulephepha.

5. Iifografi kunye namalungelo amabhinqa. Bathi, "Ukubukela ngefilimu kwadibene ngeendlela ezilinganayo…."

Uhlolisiso oluchazwe ngababhali luqulethe 'ulingano' njengenkxaso: Ukuchongwa kwabafazi, Abesifazane abaphethe isikhundla, Abasetyhini basebenza ngaphandle kwekhaya, kunye nokukhupha isisu. Abantu belizwe bavame ukuba neenkululeko, kwaye banamazinga aphakamileyo kakhulu ekusebenziseni iidemon ngaphezu kwezenkolo. Oku kuvelisa ulungelelwano oluqinileyo phakathi kokusetyenziswa koononophelo kunye (oko oku kufundiswa kuthiwa) "ukulingana." Ngokwenyani, kukho Izifundo ezingaphezulu kwe-40 eziqhagamshela ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn "kukungalingani" kwabasetyhini.

6. Iifografi kunye nemfundo ephakamileyo / inkolo. Ababhali bathi, "Ukubukela ngefilimu kwadibene nge… imfundo ephezulu, ukuthandaza ngakumbi kunye nenkolo ekusebenziseni kakhulu, kwaye zihlala zisetyenziswa kunyango lwesondo. "

Ikhonkco ababoneleli ababonelela ngalo kwiidilesi kuphela "egalitarianism" ulungelelwaniso oluchazwe sisifundo esinye- hayi amanye amabango ababhali. Ngaphaya koko, uninzi lwezifundo zichaza iziphumo ezichaseneyo, kubandakanya nezifundo ezinxibelelanisa iphonografi nezimo zengqondo zesini, inkcaso kunye nokungalingani: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13.

7. ZoLwazi lweNgcaciso. Ngokubhekiselele kwi-ICD (Ukwabiwa ngamazwe ngamaZifo kunye neengxaki zezempilo ezichaphazelekayo), okubhaliweyo abakubhaliweyo, ingongoma ebalulekileyo kukuba i-ICD-11 ezayo iphakamisa ukuxilongwa "Ukuxhatshazwa kwezesondo ngokunyanisekileyo, "Ixesha" elincinci "elithetha"ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini. "

Ngokucacileyo, inkundla yezokwelapha yamazwe ngamazwe ihamba ngokubhekiselele ekuphambeni kwe-neuroscience kunye nobunye ubungqina. Ukungathandabuzeki ngokuqinisekiswa kobugqwetha bezilwanyana ezingcolileyo njengobungozi kubasebenzisi abathile ngokukhawuleza ukunyuka naphezu kwemizamo efana neyo ngoku ukukhaba uthuli emehlweni oluntu. Ngokuqinisekileyo, i-ICD ye-World Health Organisation ye-ICD "iphuma" inyawo-ukudweba i-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) njengesikhokelo sokuxilonga. I-ICD yindlela yokusetyenziswa kweengxaki zengqondo emhlabeni jikelele, kwaye iikhowudi zayo zokuxilonga zigunyazwa ukuba zisetyenziswe e-US nakwezinye iindibano zamazwe ngamazwe ngokuchasene novavanyo lwe-DSM-5, olungenakufumana isigunyaziso esinjalo. Ekugqibeleni, ukuqinisekiswa ukuba impendulo yethu yokuqala ekubhekiselele kwiikhowudi ezichazayo kwiiincwadi ezikhoyo zokuxilonga kunokuba zifumaneke ngokuthe tye, njengoko kucacisiwe ngu-DSM Ingqondo yengqondo uRichard Krueger, MD.