Uhlalutyo lwe "Ukumodareyitha kwezinto ezinobungozi ngokukhawuleza ngemifanekiso yesondo kubasebenzisi beengxaki kunye nokulawula okungahambelani nokuxhatshazwa koonwabo" (Prause et al., 2015)

intshayelelo

Ngenxa yokuba le ngxelo ye-EEG ibonise ukusetyenziswa koononophelo okugqithisileyo Ngaphantsi Ukusebenza kwengqondo kwi-vanilla porn kubhalwe apha inkxaso Iingcamango zokusetyenziswa koonobumba obungapheliyo zilawula phantsi ukuvusa isondo. Ngokucacileyo, abasebenzisi bezononophelo abaqhelekileyo bavutywa yimifanekiso eqingqiweyo ye-pornographic ho-hum (iziphumo zayo ezifanayo Kuhn kunye neGallinat., 2014). Ezi ziphumo zihambelana nokunyamezela, umqondiso wokulutha. Ukunyamezela kuchazwa njengempendulo yokunciphisa yomntu kwisilwanyana okanye isistim esiphumela ekusebenziseni ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Amaphepha ali-XNUMX aqwalaselweyo ngoontanga uyavumelana novavanyo lweYBOP Prause et al., I-2015 (iikhonkco ziza kufakwa kwiinkcazo zokuthetha Prause et al.)

  1. Ukunciphisa i-LPP kwimifanekiso yezesondo kwiingxaki zobuninzi boononografi zingase zihambelane neemodeli zokuxhatshazwa. Yonke into incike kwimodeli (i-Commentary on Prause et al., 2015)
  2. I-neuroscience ye-Intanethi yoTywala: Ukubuyiselwa nokuHlaziya (2015)
  3. I-neurobiology yokuziphatha ngokuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo: I-Science emerging (2016)
  4. Ngaba ukuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo kunokuthathwa njengomlutha? (2016)
  5. Ngaba iinthombe zoononopasho ze-intanethi zibangelwa izidakamizwa zesondo? Ukuphononongwa ngeeNgxelo zeKliniki (2016)
  6. Imilinganiselo yokuCamngca kunye engeyiyo yoMvakalelo: Ngaba iyayikhathaza ngokuphindaphindiweyo kweeNografi? (2017)
  7. Iinkqubo ze-neurocognitive in disorder of behavior behavior disorder (2018)
  8. Ukuxhatshazwa koThutho lwe-intanethi: Yintoni esiyayaziyo kunye nento esiyiyiyo-Ukuhlolwa kweNkqubo (2019)
  9. Ukuqaliswa noPhuhliso lwe-Cybersex Addiction: Ukuxhatshazwa komntu ngamnye, ukulungiswa koMgaqo kunye neNewural Mechanism (2019)
  10. Ngaba amaNqanaba oTshintshayo oKwaboniswa kuManyhadala oManyhadala kunye nobundlobongela aba nefuthe ekuPhakanyisweni okungahambelani naMadoda emadodeni (2020)

Ngenxa yokuba abasebenzisi bezononono abaqhelekileyo banemibuzo engaphantsi kweEEG kunezilawuli, umbhali okhokelayo UNicole Prause Ibango lakhe lokufunda ngokungathandekiyo ligqwetha imodeli yeziyobisi ezingamanyala. Umdumo ubhengeze ukuba ukufundwa kwakhe kwe-EEG kuvavanye "ukusebenza kwakhona" (ku khuthazwa), endaweni yokuhlala. Nokuba iPrause yayichanekile wayeyityeshela ngokufanelekileyo imingxunya yokuzibophelela: Nokuba ku Prause et al. 2015 befumene ubuncinci-ukusetyenziselwa abantu abasebenzisa i-porno rhoqo, ii-27 ezinye izifundo ze-neurological zivakalise ukukhwabanisa okanye ukuthanda (ukuqonda) kubasebenzisi abangabonwayo boononophelo: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,23, 24, 25, 26, 27. Inzululwazi ayihambi kunye nesifundo sodwa esingathandekiyo esithintelwe ziimpazamo zendlela; inzululwazi ihamba nokuhamba phambili kobungqina (ngaphandle kokuba ukhona ajenda).

uhlaziyo: Kule ntshumayelo ye-2018 uGary Wilson uchaza inyaniso emva kwee-5 izifundo ezibuzayo kunye nezikhohlisayo, eziquka izifundo ezimbini ze-Nicole Prause EEG (Steele et al., 2013 kunye Prause et al., 2015): Uphando Lophando: Okwenyaniso okanye Imfundiso?

ISIHLOKO ESIKOLO

I-Hyperbole kunye namabango angachanekanga

Njengoko yapapashwa ngoJulayi 2015, siza kubhala kweli phepha Prause et al., 2015. Masiqale ngombhali okhokelayo wombhali. UNicole Prause ngenkalipho wabanga kwiwebhusayithi yelebhu ye-SPAN ukuba olu phando lodwa "lubonisa ukuba likhoboka lamanyala":

Nguwuphi umphandi osemthethweni bengaze bathi batyunde yonke intsimi yophando kunye nokuphikisa zonke izifundo zangaphambili ngesifundo seEEG esisodwa?

Ukongeza, uNicole Prause wathi isifundo sakhe siqulathe izifundo ezili-122 (N). Ngokwenyani, uphononongo lwalunezifundo ze-55 kuphela ezazinengxaki yokulawula ukujonga kwabo imifanekiso yesondo ". Izifundo zafunyanwa ePocatello Idaho, engaphezulu kwama-50% kaMormoni. Abanye abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-67 babezilawula.

Kwisibini ibango elithandabuzayo, Prause et al., I-2015 ibhekiselele kokubhaliweyo kunye nasemzimbeni wesifundo:

"Le yile nkcukacha yokuqala yokusebenza yomntu wabika iingxaki zesigqibo sezesondo ze-Sexualism".

Oku akusoloko kunjalo, njengoko Ucwaningo lwe-Cambridge fMRI yapapashwa phantse ngonyaka ngaphambili.

Kwisithathu sesithathu ibango likaNicole Prause liye latsho njalo Prause et al., I-2015 "lolona phando lukhulu lwe-neuroscience lweziyobisi ezingamanyala". Kufuneka iqatshelwe into yokuba xa kuthelekiswa nezifundo zokuskena kwengqondo, izifundo ze-EEG zibiza kakhulu kwisifundo ngasinye. Kulula ukuqokelela iqela elikhulu “leziyobisi ezingamanyala” ukuba awuzikhuphi izifundo ezikhobokisa iphonografi okanye nayiphi na imeko yokuthintelwa (iingxaki zengqondo, iziyobisi, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi zengqondo, njl.). Iingxaki ezimbalwa zebango likaPrause:

  1. Ayisiyo isifundo malunga nokulutha kwe-porn ukuba ayinazo iziyobisi ezingamanyala. Olu phononongo, kunye ne-2 yezifundo zangaphambili zePrause (Prause et al., 2013 & Steele kunye al., 2013), akahlolisanga ukuba nayiphi na yezi zifundo zazingumlutha wezobisi okanye cha. Udumo luvunywe kwingxoxiswano yokuba ezininzi zezifundo zazinzima ukulawula ukusetyenziswa: azizange zizilwe. Zonke izifundo zaza kufuneka ziqinisekiswe ukuba izilingo ze-porn ukuvumela ukuthelekiswa okusemthethweni kunye neqela labantu abangabonayo i-porn. Ukongezelela, i-Prause Studies yenza asikhenkethi izifundo zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuziphatha okunyanzelisayo, okanye ezinye izilingo. Ezine kwezilishumi ezihlaziyiweyo zoontanga zibonisa ezi mpazamo zibulalayo: 2, 3, 4, 8.
  2. "I-HPA axis dysregulation kumadoda ane-hypersexual disorder" (2015) inokuqwalaselwa njengesona sifundo sikhulu sokwenza i-neuroscience ukuza kuthi ga ngoku "kwii-hypersexourse" (ngezifundo ezingama-67 kunyango lweziyobisi, xa kuthelekiswa nezifundo zePrause ezingama-55 ezazicaphukisiwe kukusetyenziswa kwazo). Olu phononongo luvavanye impendulo yengqondo kuxinzelelo ngokuvavanya ukukhutshwa kwehomoni ngengqondo (ACTH), kunye nehomoni elawulwa yingqondo (cortisol). Ngelixa olu phando lwapapashwa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva koko Prause et al., I-2015, uNicole Prause uyaqhubeka nokufaka i-EEG yokufunda njengesona sikhulu.
  3. Ukwakhiwa kobuBungqina kunye nokuQhagamshelana okuSebenzayo Ukudibanisa kunye noonografi Ukusetyenziswa: Ubuninzi kwi-Porn (2014) -Ingathathwa ngokuba inkulu kune Prause et al., 2015, kuba yayinezifundo ezingama-64, kwaye zonke zazijongwa ngononophelo kwizinto ezikhutshelwayo ezinje ngeziyobisi, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kunye nonyango kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo. Izifundo ze-3 Prause azenzanga oku.

Prause et al., I-2015 ihlolwe umsebenzi we-Brain Wave

Prause et al., 2015 yinto Electroencephalography okanye isifundo se-EEG. Imilinganiselo ye-EEG yombane, okanye amaza obuchopho, entlonzeni. Nangona itekhnoloji ye-EEG ibijikeleze iminyaka eyi-100, impikiswano iyaqhubeka malunga nokuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela amaza engqondo, okanye zeziphi ezifundwayo ze-EEG ezibonisa. Ngenxa yoko, iziphumo zovavanyo zinokutolikwa ngeendlela ngeendlela. Iipikhi zomsebenzi wombane zibizwa ngokuba zii-amplopes (ngezantsi).

Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ezinye zeEEG amplitudes (LPP, P3) UCanzibe ukuvavanya ingqwalasela enikezelwa kwi-stimulus ethile, njengomfanekiso. Ukubeka ngokulula, i-amplitudes enkulu ibonisa ukuba isihloko sijolise ngakumbi kwi-visual stimulus eboniswe kuvavanyo. Kwi-Prause ukufundisisa ukuvuselela kwakukho ukuxhoma kweyesibini kwinto yesondo. Amaphuzu ambalwa abalulekileyo:

  1. Ingqwalasela enkulu, kunye ne-EEG spike ehambelanayo, ayikwazi ukusitshela ukuba umntu wavuswa ngokwesini okanye ukuba ahlaselwa. I-spike ephezulu inokuthi ibangelwe lula lula iimvakalelo ezimbi, ezifana nokunyaniseka okanye ukutshitshiswa.
  2. Akunjalo nokuba i-EEG spike ingasitshela ukuba umvuzo wesekethe usebenze okanye cha. Ngokwahlukileyo, ezinye izifundo zamva nje zabasebenzisi be-porn ngu Voon et al., 2014. kwaye Kuhn kunye neGallinat 2014 basebenzisa ii-scanners ze-FMRI ukuba bafumane utshintsho lwezakhiwo kunye nomvuzo wesiphaluka.

Kule sifundo, Prause et al., I-2015 ithelekise umsebenzi we-EEG obizwa ngokuba yi "porn addicts" (umndilili weeyure eziyi-3.8 zoononophala / iveki) kulawulo (i-0.6 yeeyure ze-porn / iveki). Njengoko bekulindelwe, zombini "iziyobisi ezingamanyala" kunye nolawulo lwalunomsebenzi omkhulu we-EEG (LPP amplitude) xa ujonga iifoto zesondo. Nangona kunjalo, the amplitude incinci "kwizilwanyana ezingamanyala."

Prause et al., 2015 Ngokwenene isekela ukuxhatshazwa koononophelo

Ukulindela ukuphakama okukhulu "kwezilwanyana ezingamanyala", ababhali bathi,

"Le pateni ibonakala ehlukileyo kwimimiselo yokuxhatshazwa kweziyobisi. "

Kodwa ngaba iyavakala loo nto? Njengokuba esitsho umhlobo umphandi, nakoluphi na uphononongo kukho iziphumo… kwaye kukho nentsingiselo yomphandi. Iziphumo zicacile: Iziyobisi ezingamanyala zihlawulelwe kancinci kwiifoto zesini se-vanilla esikhanyisiweyo kwiscreen ngomzuzwana omnye. Oku akumangalisi kuye nabani na ogqogqayo namhlanje.

Iziphumo zikaPrause ze-LPP amplitudes ezisezantsi "zezilwanyana ezingamanyala" xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo zilungelelanisa imodeli yokulutha, ngaphandle kwengcaciso yakhe yokuba "wenze iziyobisi ezingamanyala." Ukufumana kwakhe kubonisa zombini ukungafuneki (okanye ukuhlala) kunye nokunyamezela, okuyimfuneko yokuvuselela okukhulu. Bobabini bavame ukubonwa kumlutha, kwaye, ngokukrakra ngokukrakra, kwakhona kubhaliswe kubasebenzisi abasebenzisayo bezentombazana hayi izilutha (ngaphezulu ngaphantsi).

Iphuzu eliphambili: Ukuba ukusebenzisa i-porn hayi Iziphumo kwizifundo zikaPrause, sinokulindela ukuba ulawulo kunye "neziyobisi ezingamanyala" zibe nazo efanayo LPP amplitude ekuphenduleni iifoto zesondo. Endaweni yokuba uPrause obizwa ngokuba "likhoboka leziyobisi ezingamanyala" wayenokusebenza kwengqondo okuncinci (i-LPP esezantsi) kwimifanekiso ye-vanilla ye-porn. Ndisebenzisa amanqaku okucaphula kuba iPrause khange isebenzise isixhobo sokuhlola i-intanethi yeziyobisi, ke asazi ukuba ezinye, okanye naziphi na, zezifundo zakhe zazingamakhoboka eziyobisi. Kumabango kaPrause wobuxoki kunye nezihloko ezithandabuzekayo ezibangela ukuba zibe semthethweni, zonke Izifundo ze-55 zePrause bekuya kufuneka ukuba zibekho iziyobisi ezingamanyala. Akunjalo, kungekhona kakhulu, kodwa ngasinye sifundo. Yonke imiqondiso ibhekisela kwinani elincinci le-55 Praous subjects ezingekho izilonda

Izifundo zafunyanwa ePocatello Idaho kusetyenziswa iintengiso ezikwi-Intanethi zicela abantu "bafumana iingxaki zokulawula ukujonga kwabo imifanekiso yesondo". I-Pocatello Idaho iphezu kwe-50% i-Mormon, ezininzi zezifundo zinokuvakalelwa kukuba nayiphi na intlobo yokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana kuyinkathazo enkulu. Kwimeko ephosakeleyo yokuziphatha, akukho nanye yezifundo eziye zahlolwa ukuxhatshazwa koonwabo. Ngenye indlela yokungaphumeleli kwenkqubo, ukukhangisa okukodwa kubathathi-nxaxheba abanengxaki kuphela "Imifanekiso yesondo". Ukusukela ukuba uninzi lwabasebenzisi abanyanzelekileyo be-porn bajonge ukusasaza iiklip zevidiyo, ngaba oku kubabekile abathathi-nxaxheba nangakumbi?

Musa ukwenza iphutha, akukho Steele et al., 2013 okanye Prause et al., 2015 ichaze ezi zifundo zingama-55 njengezikhobokisa okanye abantu abasebenzisa i-porn ngokunyanzelwa. Izifundo zivunyelwe kuphela ukuba ziziva "zikhathazekile" kukusetyenziswa kwazo kwe-porn. Ukuqinisekisa ubunjani babafundi bakhe, uPrause wamkelwe Intetho ye2013 ukuba ezinye zezifundo ze-55 zifumana iingxaki ezincinane (oko kuthetha ukuba babenjalo hayi abaxhamli bezobisi):

“Olu phando lubandakanya kuphela abantu abachaze iingxaki, ukusukela ncinane kwiingxaki ezinkulu, ukulawula ukubukela kwabo izinto ezibonakalayo zesini. ”

Ungayilahla njani imodeli yokulutha iphonografi ukuba uninzi lwakho "lweziyobisi ezingamanyala" ayizizo iziyobisi ezingamanyala? Awungekhe.

I Prause et al. ukufumana ukuhambelana ngokupheleleyo UKühn kunye neGallinat (2014), ofumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koonobumba obuninzi kunxulumene nokusebenza kancinci kancinci kubasebenzisi abanobunzima (ababenabo ayilanga) xa uboniswe kwiifoto zesondo (.530 seconds). Abaphandi bathi:

"Oku kuyahambelana nengcamango yokuba ukuvezwa ngamandla kwezinto ezingamanyala kubangela ukuthotywa kwempendulo yendalo ye-neural kwisistim sezesondo.. "

U-Kühn no-Gallinat baphinde banika ingxelo yokusebenzisa i-porn ngakumbi kunye nomvuzo omncinci wesekethe kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemijikelezo ebandakanyeka kulawulo lwempembelelo. Kwi eli nqaku umphandi uSimone Kühn, wathi:

"Oku kunokuthetha ukuba ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kweefotoli ezingaphantsi kunciphisa inkqubo yakho yomvuzo."

U-Kühn uthi uphuhliso lwezesengqondweni, iincwadi zenzululwazi zibonisa ukuba abathengi bezononophelo baya kufuna izinto eziphathekayo kunye nemidlalo yokuziphatha ngokwesini.

"Oko kuya kufana ngokupheleleyo neengcamango zabo zokuba iiprogram zokuvuza zifuna ukukhula."

Olunye uvavanyo lwe-EEG yafumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koononophelo okugqithisileyo kwabasetyhini abahambelana nokusebenza kancinci kobugqwetha. Kulula nje, abo basebenzisana noononophala bangadinga ukukhuthazwa okukhulu kumgangatho wempendulo obonwe ngabasebenzisi bokukhanya, kwaye iifoto ze-porn e-vanilla akunakwenzeka ukuba zibhalise njengento enomdla. Unomdla omncinci, ulingana nokuqwalaselwa ngaphantsi, kunye nokufunda okufutshane kweEEG. Ukuphela kwebali.

Prause et al., I-2015 Concedes That UKühn kunye neGallinat I-2014 Inokuba Ilungile

Kwinqanaba leengxoxo, Prause et al, kucacisiwe UKühn kunye neGallinat kwaye wayinika njengenkcazo enokwenzeka yendlela esezantsi ye-LPP. Wayekwindlela elungileyo, kwaye imbi kakhulu ukutolikwa kwakhe emva koko wathatha u-U-jika kwidatha yakhe. Mhlawumbi u-Prause owomeleleyo ngokuchasene neziyobisi ezingamanyala wabumba ukutolikwa kwakhe. Her yangaphambili Twitter ucetyiswa ukuba unokungabi nantlupheko ekufuneni uphando lwezenzululwazi:

“Ukufundisisa ukuba kutheni abantu bekhetha ukuzibandakanya kwisini ngaphandle kokubhengeza iziyobisi ”

Ngokuqinisekileyo, imifanekiso eqeshwe nguKühn kunye noPrause yahluke kakhulu kwii-9-yesibini "ezicacileyo" zevidiyo ezisetyenziswe kwi-2014 Ucwaningo lwe-Cambridge fMRI, Efumanisa ukufana phakathi kobuchopho bezilonda ezingamanyala kunye nezo zikhoboka leziyobisi. Abo baphandi bafumene umsebenzi omkhulu weziko lokufumana iziyobisi kwi-klipu zevidiyo, eziqhelekileyo kwizilonda.

Izifundo zoononophala ze-intanethi kunye nokuchazwa kwazo ziyinkimbinkimbi yindlela yokujonga imifanekiso engamanyala (ikhona okanye iividiyo) is ukuziphatha komlutha, kungekhona nje kuphela. Ngokuthelekisa, ukujonga imifanekiso yeebhotile ze-vodka is umkhondo wotywala. Ngelixa le cue inokukhanyisa ingqondo yakhe ngakumbi kunengqondo yolawulo, umntu onxila ufuna izixa ezikhulu zotywala ukuze afumane i-buzz. Abasebenzisi abanzima be-porn kwizifundo ze-Kühn kunye ne-Prause ngokucacileyo bafuna ukukhuthazwa okukhulu (iividiyo?) Abakhange baphendule ngesiqhelo kwizithambisi nje. Obu bubungqina bonyamezelo (kunye notshintsho olunxulumene nengqondo olunxulumene neziyobisi).

Uhlaziyo kwi-twitter ka-Nicole Prause:

  1. U-UCLA akazange ayivuselele ikhontrakthi kaPrause. Akadibananga nayo nayiphi na iyunivesithi ukusukela kwangoko ngo-2015.
  2. Ngo-Oktobha, i-2015 I-akhawunti yokuqala ka-Prause ka-Prause unqunyanyiswe ngokusisigxina ngokuhlukumeza

Kuye I-2013 EEG Study kunye a Blog Post Amazwe omdumo othi UKUQULWA KWEBHONGA BUYA KUBHLAZA UKUPHILA KWEZINDAWO

Umdumo wabanga ukuba isifundo sakhe se-EEG se-2013 yayisisihlandlo sokuqala ukufundwa kwe-EEG kurekhodwe kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yi "hypersexourse." Kuba le yayi "yeyokuqala" iPrause iyavuma ukuba kukucingelwa okungagungqiyo malunga nokuba ngaba "ngoobuxhakaxhaka" kufanele ukufundela kwe-EEG ephezulu okanye ephantsi kunokuba ulawulo oluphilileyo:

"Ngenxa yokuba eli lixesha lokuqala ii-ERP zibhalwa kwii-hypersexual, kwaye uncwadi malunga nokulutha (i-P300 ephezulu) kunye nokunyanzelwa (i-P300 esezantsi) zibonisa ukuqikelela ngokuchaseneyo, ulwalathiso lwempembelelo yoxhatshazo oluchazwe ikakhulu kwizizathu zethiyori." [Oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kwesiseko esikhulu konke konke.]

As caciswe apha Isifundo se-2013 se-EEG sikaPrause sasingenalo iqela lolawulo, ngenxa yoko asinakuthelekisa "ukufundwa kwe-porn" Ngenxa yoko, isifundo sakhe se-2013 asixelelanga nto malunga nokufundwa kwe-EEG kubantu abaphilileyo okanye "abantu abathandana nabantu abathandanayo." Masiqhubeke nemibono kaPrause ukusuka kwi-2013:

"Ke ngoko, abantu abanomnqweno ophezulu wesini banokubonisa umahluko omkhulu we-P300 phakathi kwezesondo kunye nokungathathi hlangothi ngenxa yesibindi kunye nomxholo weemvakalelo zesistim. Ngenye indlela, ukungafani kwe-P300 ukulinganiswa kwemilinganiselo kunokulinganiswa ngenxa yokuhlala kwi-VSS."

Kwi-2013, uPrause uthe ukunyanzelwa koononophala, xa kuthelekiswa nokulawula, kunokubonisa:

  1. eliphezulu Iimvavanyo ze-EEG ngenxa yokukhangela-ukusetyenziselwa kwimifanekiso, okanye
  2. ezantsi Ukufunda kwe-EEG ngenxa yokuhlala kwimizi yobunono (VSS).

Kwiinyanga ezintlanu ngaphambi kokuba kupapashwe uphando lwakhe lwe-2013 EEG, uPrause noDavid Ley babamba iqela lokubhala le nto I-Psychology Namhlanje isithuba seblogi malunga nesifundo sakhe esizayo. Kuyo bathi "nciphisa impendulo yombane”Ingabonisa ukuhlala okanye ukungafuneki:

Kodwa, xa i-EEG ilawulwa ngala bantu, njengoko bebheka imithwalo yomsindo, iziphumo zazimangalisa, kwaye kungekho konke okuhambelanayo ne-theory ye-sex addiction. Ukuba ukubukela iphonografi ngokwenene kwakuqhelekile (okanye ukungafuni), njengeziyobisi, ngoko ukujonga imifanekiso engamanyala kuya kuba neempendulo zombane ezincitshisiweyo kwingqondo. Ngapha koko, kwezi ziphumo, kwakungekho mpendulo injalo. Endaweni yoko, bebonke abathathi-nxaxheba babonise ukwanda kweempendulo zengqondo yombane kwimifanekiso engamanyala ebabonisiweyo, njengobuchopho babantu “abaqhelekileyo”…

Ngoko, sine-2013 Prause "Kunciphise impendulo yombane" yayiza kubonisa ukuhlala okanye ukungafuni. Ngoku, nangona kunjalo, kwi-2015, xa iPrause fu maneka ubungqina bokungafuni (eziqhelekileyo kwizilonda), uyasitshela "Kunciphise impendulo yombane" ukukhangela umlutha wezobisi. Huh?

Kwiminyaka emibini engenelela kuthatha u-Prause ukuthelekisa ulwazi lwakhe olukhathele ngolu hlobo kunye neqela lolawulo langempela, wenze i-flip-flop epheleleyo. Ngoku, utsho ubungqina bokungafuneki into ayenayo xa edibanisa iqela lolawulo ayikho ubungqina bokuba likhoboka (awayebanga lona ngo-2013 bekuya kuba njalo). Endaweni yoko, waphinda wanyanzelisa ukuba "akakhange akhuphe iziyobisi" Oku akuhambelani kwaye akwenzi nzululwazi, kwaye ucebisa ukuba ngaphandle kweziphumo ezichaseneyo, uya kuthi "uneziyobisi ezingavunyelwanga." Ngapha koko, ngaphandle kokuba u-2015 Prause alugatye u-2013 uPrause Study kunye neposti yebhlog kuya kunyanzeleka ukuba "ukucela ukungabikho komlutha. "

Ngendlela, le ngcaciso ingentla -"Abathathi-nxaxheba bebonke babonakalisile ukwanda kweempendulo zobuchopho kumfanekiso wenkanuko" - iyadida. Ewe kuqhelekile ukuba nempendulo enkulu kwimifanekiso yesondo kunemifanekiso yokuma komhlaba engathathi hlangothi. Nangona kunjalo, isifundo sikaPrause sika-2013 sasingenalo iqela lolawulo, kwaye khange siqhathanise ukufundwa kwe-EEG yeziyobisi ezingamanyala kwabangaselakho. Nje ukuba ongeze iqela lolawulo, kwabonakala ukuba ukuvuka ekuphenduleni imifanekiso engamanyala kuyinto eqhelekileyo kwaye umphumo wanyamalala. Endaweni yoko, abalawulwa bakhe bafumanisa ukuba babandezeleka ukungafuneki, Inkqubo yokulutha. Ngamafutshane, iziphumo zika-2013 zikaPrause zazingenantsingiselo (jonga ngezantsi), ngelixa izihloko zakhe ze2015 ziphikisana nayo yonke into awayeyithethile ngaphambili. Ubanga ukuba uphikisa umlutha ngelixa efumanisa ubungqina bawo.

Iindlela ezingekho phantsi kwakhona

1) Njengoko Isifundo sika-2013 se-EEG (Steele et al.), Izifundo kolu phononongo yayingamadoda, abantu ababhinqileyo kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba "bangabesini esahlukileyo". Bonke ubungqina bucebisa ukuba uPrause wasebenzisa izifundo ezifanayo kwisifundo sakhe sangoku kunye nesifundo sakhe se-2013: inani labasetyhini liyafana (13) kwaye amanani apheleleyo asondele kakhulu (52 vs. 55). Ukuba kunjalo, olu phononongo lwangoku nalo kubandakanya i-7 "engeyiyo indoda engatshatanga nayo". Le ngxaki, kuba iphula inkqubo efanelekileyo yokufunda izilwanyana, apho abaphandi bekhetha khona ngokufanayo izifundo ngokobudala, isini, ukuqhelaniswa, nkqu nee-IQ ezifanayo (kunye iqela lolawulo olufanayo) ukwenzela ukuphepha ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ngantlukwano. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwizifundo ezinjengale, ezilinganisela ukuvusa imifanekiso yesondo, njengoko uphando luqinisekisa ukuba amadoda nabasetyhini bahluke kakhulu kwiimifanekiso zesondo okanye iifilimu (Izifundo: 1, 2, 3,  4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14). Esi siphoso sisodwa sibuza imibuzo yomibini yezifundo zikaPrause.

2) Izifundo zikaPrause khange zihlolwe kwangaphambili. Izifundo zobuchopho eziqinisekileyo zokunyanga zikrola abantu abaneemeko esele zikho (uxinzelelo, i-OCD, ezinye iziyobisi, njl.njl.). Le kuphela kwendlela abaphandi abanoxanduva abanokufikelela ngayo malunga nesiyobisi. Bona i Izifundo zeCambridge Universisty umzekelo wovavanyo olufanelekileyo kunye nendlela yokusebenza.

3) Amaphepha amabini emibuzo uPrause axhomekeke kuzo zombini izifundo ze-EEG ukuvavanya "umlutha we-porn" awuqinisekiswanga kwiscreen sokusebenzisa i-intanethi / umlutha. Isikali sokunyanzelwa ngokwesini (i-SCS) senziwe kwi-1995 yokulinganisa indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo ukunceda kuvavanyo lomngcipheko kaGawulayo, ngakumbi hayi kuqinisekiswe kubafazi. I I-SCS ithi:

"Isilinganisi esifanelekileyo [siboniswe?] Ukuqikelela ukulinganiswa kweendlela zokuziphatha ngokwesini, iinani leziqabane zesini, ukuziphatha kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zesondo, kunye neembali zezifo ezithathelwana ngesondo."

Ngaphezu koko, umqhubi we-SCS uxwayisa ukuba esi sixhobo asiyi kubonakalisa i-psychopathology kubafazi,

"Imibutho phakathi kwamanqaku okunyanzeliswa ngokwesini kunye namanye amanqaku e-psychopathology ibonise iipatheni ezahlukeneyo zamadoda nabasetyhini; ukunyanzeliswa ngokwesini kuhlanganiswe neendleko ze-psychopathology kumadoda kodwa kungekhona kubasetyhini. "

Njenga-SCS, lemibuzo yesibini (CBSOBAkanayo imibuzo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-Intanethi. Yenzelwe ukukroba izifundo ze-"hypersexual", kunye nokuziphatha okungalawulekiyo kwezesondo- hayi ngokungqongqo ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezinto ezibonisa isini kwi-intanethi.

Umlutha osemthethweni "wokufunda ngengqondo" kufuneka:

  1. zifundo kunye nolawulo oluqhelekileyo,
  2. ukukhupha ezinye iingxaki zengqondo kunye nezinye izilingo, kunye
  3. sebenzisa imibuzo eqinisekisiweyo kunye nodliwano-ndlebe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba izifundo ziyizilwanyana ezingamanyala.

Izifundo ezimbini ze-EEG kubasebenzisi boononongo azizange zenzele ezi zinto, kodwa ke wazifumanisa izigqibo ezininzi waza wazipapasha ngokubanzi.

Amabango kufuneka axhaswe yiDatha

Umdumo, ngokwamkelwa kwakhe, ulahla ingcamango yokuxhatshazwa kwezesondo, kwaye ukholelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koonobumba obungenakuze kubangele iingxaki. Umzekelo isicatshulwa esivela kutshanje Inqaku likaMartin Daubney malunga nesondo / izidakamizwa zoonwabo:

UDkt. Nicole Prause, umphenyi oyintloko kwi-Psychophysiology ne-Affective Neuroscience (Span) ILebhulo eLos Angeles, uzibiza ngokuthi "u-debunker oqeqeshiweyo" wokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo.

Izinto ezinjalo ezinokuthi zingabangela ukuba kukho izibango ezininzi zePrause, ezingahambelani nedatha yokuhlola.

Umzekelo wokuqala sisifundo sakhe sango-2013 “Umnqweno wesini, kungekhona ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini, uhambelana nezimpendulo ze-neurophysiological ezifunyenwe yimifanekiso yesondo. ” Kwiinyanga ezintlanu ngaphambi kokuba olu phando lupapashwe, uPrause wayikhupha (kuphela) kwisayikholojisti UDavid Ley, oye wabhala ngokukhawuleza ngawo Psychology Namhlanje, ukubanga ukuba ubungqina bokuba iphonografi abukho. Ezo mabango zazingaxhaswanga, phofu, xa zazipapashwa. Isicatshulwa esilandelayo sithathiwe koku ukuhlaziywa koontanga lo kufunda:

'Ukufumana okubalulekayo ngokubalulekayo akuchazi nto ngomlutha. Ukongezelela, oku kufumanisekileyo kukufumana ezimbi ulungelelaniso phakathi kwe-P300 nomnqweno wesondo kunye nomlingane (r = -0.33), ebonisa ukuba ubukhulu beP300 buhlobene ezantsi umnqweno wesondo; oku kuhambelana ngqo nokutolika kwe-P300 phezulu umnqweno. Akunakuqhathaniswa kwamanye amaqela omlutha. Akunakuqhathaniswa ukulawula amaqela. Izigqibo ezithatyathwe ngabaphandi zixhamla kwi-data, ezingatsho nto malunga nokuba abantu abavakalisa ingxaki ekulawuleni ukujonga kwabo imifanekiso yesondo banalo okanye abanakho ukuphendula ngeengqondo ezifana ne-cocaine okanye nayiphi na intlobo yezilonda.

Njengakwisifundo se-EEG sangoku, uPrause wathi iingqondo zezifundo zakhe aziphendulanga njengezinye iziyobisi. Ngokwenyani, izifundo zakhe zazinokufundwa okuphezulu kwe-EEG (P300) xa ujonga imifanekiso yezesondo- yeyona nto yenzekayo xa iziyobisi zibukela imifanekiso enxulumene nokulutha kwabo. Ukunika ingxelo phantsi kwe Psychology Namhlanje udliwanondlebe kunye namabango kaPrause, uprofesa ophakamileyo wezezinzululwazi ovela kuJohn A. Johnson uthe:

"Ingqondo yam isabambekile kuPreuse ngelithi iingqondo zezifundo zakhe aziphendulanga kwimifanekiso yezesondo njengezikhoboka leziyobisi eziphendula iziyobisi, ngenxa yokuba uxela ukufundwa okuphezulu kwezithombe ezesondo. Njengabarhwebi ababonisa i-P300 spikes xa benikezelwa kwichiza labo abalithandayo. Unokusifumana njani isigqibo esichasene neziphumo ezizezona? Ndicinga ukuba inokubangelwa kukuqonda kwakhe oko ebekulindele.

le Ukuhlaziywa kwe-2015 kwincwadi ye-neuroscience ukuxhatshazwa koonwabo

Isifundo senzelwe ukuhlolisana ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-ERP amplitudes xa ubukela imifanekiso yesimo sengqondo kunye nesondo kunye nemilinganiselo yemibuzo yoxhatshazo ngokwesini. Ababhali baphetha ngokuthi ukungabikho kwemibano phakathi kwamanqaku kwiingxaki zokuxhaswa koxhatshazo kunye nokuthetha i-P300 amplitudes xa ubukela imifanekiso yesondo "ayiphumeli ukunika inkxaso ngemilinganiselo yokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini"303] (iphe. 10). Nangona kunjalo, ukungabikho kwemibutho kunokuchazwa bhetele ngeempembelelo ezichasene nendlela. Ngokomzekelo, olu phofu lisetyenziselwa i-pool (subjects and females), okubandakanya i-7 engeyiyo isondo). Izifundo zokufumana iziphumo zokuqhathanisa impendulo yengqondo yezilingo ezilawulwayo ezinempilo zidinga izifundo ezifanayo (isondo esifanayo, iminyaka efanayo) ukuba nemiphumo evumelekileyo. Ngokucacileyo kwizifundo zokuxhatshazwa kwezesondo, kuyacaca ngokucacileyo ukuba amadoda nabesifazane bahluke ngokugqithiseleyo kwingqondo kunye nokuzimela ngokuzimela kwizinto ezibonakalayo zobulili obubonakalayo [304, 305, 306]. Ukongezelela, ezimbini zeemviwo zemibuzo ezingagqityiweyo zingagunyazisiweyo kubasebenzisi be-IP abanomdla, kwaye izifundo zazingakhange zihlolwe ezinye izibonakaliso zokuxilisa okanye ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo.

Ngaphezu koko, isiphelo esichazwe kwi-abstract, "Impembelelo yokuqonda ukuxhatshazwa kobuxhakaxhaka njengokuba unomnqweno ophakamileyo, kunokuba ungakhathazeki, kuxutyushwa" [303] (iphe. 1) ibonakala ingekho kwindawo ecinga ukuba uphando lubona ukuba ukuphakama kwe-P300 kwakunxulumene kakubi nomnqweno wesondo kunye nomlingane. Njengoko kuchaziwe ku-Hilton (2014), oku kufumaniswa "ngokuchasene ngqo nokuchazwa kweP300 njengomnqweno ophezulu" [307]. Uhlalutyo lukaHilton lubonisa ukuba ukungabikho kweqela lolawulo kunye nokuhluleka kobuchwepheshe be-EEG ukubandlulula phakathi "umnqweno ophezulu wesondo" kunye "nokunyanzelwa kwezesondo" kwenza uSteele et al. iziphumo ezingenakuthenjwa [307].

Ekugqibeleni, ukufumanisa okubalulekileyo kwiphepha (ukuphakama kweP300 ephezulu kwimifanekiso yesondo, ngokuphathelele kwimifanekiso engathathi hlangothi) kunikwe ingqalelo encinci kwinqanaba leengxoxo. Oku kungalindelekanga, njengoko kufumaneka ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nezidakamizwa ze-intanethi ukuphakama kwe-P300 ngokumalunga nokungahambisani nokungathathi hlangothi xa kuboniswe kwiimpawu ezibonakalayo ezinxulumene nomlutha wazo [308]. Enyanisweni, iVoon, et al. [U262] banikezela icandelo leengxoxo zabo ngokuhlalutya oku kufundwa kweP300 kwangaphambili. Voon et al. unikeze inkcazelo yokubaluleka kwe-P300 engakhange ifakwe kwiphepha le-Steele, ngokukodwa ngokubhekiselele kwimimiselo yokulutha, ekugqibeleni,

“Ke ngoko, yomibini imisebenzi ye-DACC kwisifundo se-CSB sangoku kunye nomsebenzi we-P300 oxeliweyo kuphando lwangaphambili lwe-CSB [303] unokubonakalisa iinkqubo ezifanayo zenkqantosi yokuqwalaselwa. Ngokufanayo, zombini izifundo zibonisa ukulungiswa phakathi kwezi nyathelo kunye nomnqweno ophuculweyo. Apha siphakamisa ukuba umsebenzi we-DACC uhambelana nomnqweno, ongabonakalisa inkcazo yokulangazelela, kodwa awuhambelani nokuthandabuza okuthandwayo kwindlela yokukhuthaza umlutha. [U262] ”(Iphepha 7)

Nangona abo babhali [303] bathi isifundo sabo sichasa ukusetyenziswa kwesimo somlutha kwi-CSB, Voon et al. kwacaca ukuba aba bhali banikezela ubungqina obuxhasayo lo mzekelo.

Okukwintsusa: Amaphepha asibhozo ahlaziywe ngontanga ayavumelana nokuhlalutya kwethu Steele et al., 2013 (Iingcaphephe ezihlaziyiweyo zontanga Steele et al., 2013) Ucwaningo lwe-2013 lwe-EEG luchazwe ngokwenene ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephezulu (P300) xa izifundo zibonakaliswe kwiifoto zesondo. I-P300 ephakamileyo iyenzeka xa izilonda zichazwe kwiinkcazo (ezifana nemifanekiso) ezihambelana nomlingo wazo. Nangona kunjalo, isifundo asizange sibe neqela lokulawula ukuthelekisa, okwenza iziphumo zingenakuguquleka (njengoko kuchazwe apha ngasentla kufundwe ngoku nje kwafumana iqela lolawulo lwe-2013 study). Ukongezelela, isifundo sichaza ukuphinda kwindlela yokucoca ngokubhekiselele kwi-pornography Ngaphantsi umnqweno wokulwa ngesondo. Ukubeka ngokucacileyo: Uphando lufumene ukukhuphaza ubuchopho obuninzi kunye nomnqweno omncinci wesondo (kodwa kungekhona umnqweno omncinci wesithombeni). Akunjalo oko okuthethwa ngongoma malunga nokugqithiswa kweentlobano zesini kunye nesilingo sokulala ngokwesondo kuphela.

Ngokufana nesifundo sikaPrause sangoku, isifundo sakhe sesibini esivela kwi-2013 safumana umahluko omkhulu phakathi kolawulo kunye "neziyobisi ezingamanyala" - "Akukho Ubungqina Bokudityaniswa Kwemvakalelo kwi "I-Hypersexuals" Ukubika Iingcamango Zabo kwifilimu yoTyala (i-2013). ” Njengoko kuchaziwe kule nkcazo, isihloko siyazifihla ezona zinto zifunyanisiweyo. Ngapha koko, "iziyobisi ezingamanyala" zazinayo Ngaphantsi iimvakalelo zemizwa xa kuthelekiswa nokulawula. Oku akumangalisi kangako Ukuxhatshazwa koononophala kubiza iimvakalelo ezinzima neemvakalelo. Umdumo walungisa isihloko esithi ulindele "impendulo enkulu yeemvakalelo", kodwa akakhange abonise nasiphi na isimangalo "sokulindela" kwakhe okungathandekiyo. Isihloko esichanekileyo kunokuba njalo:Abafundi abanobunzima bokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwabo koononophelo babonisa impendulo engaphantsi kwemizwa yezesondo, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuhlala, uphawu lokulutha". Oku kufumanisa kuyahambelana nesifundo sika-Prause se-EEG sangoku kunye IKühn kunye neGallinat (2014), kwaye ibonisa ukungafuneki.

Kwiphepha likaPrause lika-2015, "Ukujonga isistim sezesondo ezihambelanayo nokuphendula ngokubhekiselele kwesondo, kungekhona i-erectile dysfunction", Akukho mabango ephepha axhaswayo yidatha ebonelelwe kwizifundo ezisisiseko. Iingcaphephe ezibini, enye ngumntu oleleyo, kunye nogqirha (ukuphononongwa ngoontanga), chaza amaphepha ukungangqinelani kunye namabango athandabuzekayo:

Njengoko kuphawuliwe kolu hlalutyo lungentla, u-Prause akazange alinganise ukuphendula ngokwesondo, ukulungiswa, okanye ukusebenza kwengqondo. Endaweni yokuba, abasebenzisi be-porn banike inani kumbuzo omnye wokuzixela ngokwabo "wokuvuselela inkanuko yesini" emva kokubukela inkanuko yesini ebonakalayo. Abo bakwiiyure ze-2 + ngeveki yokusebenzisa i-porn babenamanqaku aphezulu emva kokubukela iphonografi. Le yinto umntu anokuyilindela. Oku akusixeleli nto malunga nokuvuka kwabo ngokwesondo ngaphandle kwe-porn okanye ukuvuswa kwabo ngokwesondo kunye neqabane. Kwaye ayithethi nto malunga nomsebenzi we-erectile. Kunzima ukutsho ukuba isihloko masibe yintoni njengoko uPrause engakhange ayikhulule idatha efanelekileyo, kodwa kubonakala ngathi isihloko esichanekileyo sinokuba njalo "Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-porn kwenza amadoda ahlasele."

Okumangalisa ngakumbi kukuba amanqaku abafana (abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-23) kwiphepha lakhe abonisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile. Asinikezelwanga kuphela isizathu sokuba aba bafana babe ne-ED, sixelelwa amadoda ngobuxoki "Kuxelwe ngokusebenza kakuhle kwe-erectile ”. Singaqhubeka nokuqhubeka malunga nalo phepha.

Ngo-2014, uPrause wahlangana noDavid Ley- umbhali Inkolelo-ngxaki yoTywala, ongenamvelaphi kwi-neuroscience yokulutha okanye yophando-ukuvelisa uphononongo oluthandabuzekayo malunga nesiyobisi: "Umlawuli akanalo iingubo: Ukuhlaziywa komzekelo we "I-Pornography Addiction". ” Kolu phononongo ababhali bacaphula kwisindululo esimangalisayo esithi, "I-Intanethi [ayikhange] inyuse ukubonwa kwezinto ezinokubonisa isondo." Kwakhona, akukho nto kwiLey & Prause "uphononongo" olugcina ukuhlolisiswa, njengoko oku kuhlaziywa okubuhlungu kubonisa: "Umlawuli akanalo iingubo: iFairytale echithweyo ibeka iNgxelo."

Okokugqibela, kufuneka ichazwe ukuba owayesakuba ngumfundi uNicole Prause une imbali ende abalobi abahlukumezayo, abaphandi, abaphengululi, abathathi-ntatheli nabanye abanobuqili bokuvakalisa ubungqina benzakalisi kwi-intanethi. Ubonakala ngathi iyancwina kakhulu kwiinkampani zoonografi, njengoko kubonakala kulo umfanekiso wakhe (ekunene) kwicala elibomvu le-X-Rated Critics Organization (XRCO). (Ngokutsho kwe-Wikipedia le I-XRCO Awards kunikwa nguMelika I-X-Rated Critics Organization rhoqo ngonyaka kubantu abasebenzisa ukuzonwabisa ngokudala kwaye yimivuzo yabantu abadala abadala kuphela abonakaliswe kuphela kwiimveliso zoshishino.[1]). Kwakhona kubonakala ukuba iPrause ingaba nayo bafumana abenzi bezithombe zoononondazi njengezifundo ngokusebenzisa elinye iqela lokuthabatha inzondo, i Ulungelelaniso lweNtetho yeNtetho. Izifundo ezifunyenwe nge-FSC kuthiwa zazisetyenziswa kuye isifundo sokuqesha umpu kwi ngco lisile kwaye Intengiso kakhulu "yokuCamngca ngokuDibeneyo" icebo (ngoku iphandwe yi-FBI) .Ukusetyenziswa kwenziwe amabango angaxhaswanga malunga iziphumo zezifundo zakhe kunye naye iindlela zokufunda. Ukufumana amaxwebhu amaninzi, funda: Ngaba uNicole Prause Uchithezelwa yiShishini lezono?

Kwisishwankathelo, iZifundo ezintathu zoLondolozo lwaBantu abakuSigxina zivumelanisa Izifundo zeCambridge kwaye IKühn kunye neGallinat (2014).

1) Isifiso socansi, kungekhona ukuxhatshazwa kwezesini, kuxhomekeke kwiimpendulo ze-Neurophysiological ezifunyenwe yiZithombe zoSondo (2013)

  • Ukulungelelanisa ne I-23 nezinye izifundo ze-neurological kubasebenzisi bezentlekisa kunye nabaxhatshazwa ngokwesini abafumene umkhondo-usebenziso lwezononophelo okanye izifiso (ukukhuthazwa). Ukongezelela, ukufundiswa kwePrause kubike Ngaphantsi umnqweno wesondo malunga neqabane eliqhagamshelana nalo ukuzithobar cue-reactivity. Ngokufunyaniswa okufanayo, uvavanyo lokuqala lweCambridge luchaze ukuba i-60% yezifundo zazinzima ukufikelela ekumanyeni / ukuvuswa kunye namaqabane angokoqobo, kodwa iyakwazi ukuphumeza izilungiso zoononophala.

2) Akukho Ubungqina Bokudityaniswa Kwemvakalelo kwi "I-Hypersexuals" Ukubika Iingcamango Zabo kwifilimu yoTyala (i-2013)

3) Ukumodareyitha kwezinto ezinokuthi zifike emva kwexesha ngeZithombe zoSondo kuBasebenzisi beNgxaki kunye nokuLawula okungahambelani ne "Porn Addiction" (2015)

  • Ukulungelelanisa IKühn kunye neGallinat (2014) kwiimeko eziphangaleleyo ezisebenzisayo zihambelana nokusebenza kombono ongaphantsi ekuphenduleni iifoto zesondo.
  • Ukulungelelanisa ngokupheleleyo ne-2013 Prause eyathi i-EEG amplitudes ephantsi (xa kuthelekiswa nokulawula) yayiza kubonisa ukuziphatha okanye ukungafuni ukuhlaziya.

Ngaba ngekhe kulunge ukuba intatheli kunye neebhlogger zifunde izifundo, kwaye zanikezelwa ngeziyobisi zenzululwazi, ngaphambi kokuba irabha inyathele iingxelo zesondo okanye ukulunywa sisandi? Okukwintsusa: Zonke iingqondo kunye nezifundo ze-neuropsychological ipapashwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ixhasa ubukho beziyobisi ezingamanyala, kubandakanya iPrause's.

UKUPHELA KWE-CRITIC

Uhlalutyo Prause et al. icatshulwe kuI-neuroscience ye-Intanethi yezoLimo: Ukuhlaziya nokuhlaziywa", 2015:

Olunye uphando lwe-EEG olubandakanya abathathu abalobi abafanayo lusandul '309]. Ngelishwa, esi sifundo esitsha siphumelele kwiinkalo ezininzi zeendlela ezifana neyokuqala [303]. Ngokomzekelo, isetyenziselwa i-pool yangaphakathi yesifundo, abaphandi baqeshwe imibuzo yokuhlola i-questionnaires engagunyazisiweyo kubasebenzisi bezoonografi ze-intanethi ze-intanethi, kwaye izifundo zazingakhange zihlolwe ezinye izibonakaliso zokuxilwa okanye ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa.

Kwisifundo esitsha, Prause et al. xa kuthelekiswa nomsebenzi we-EEG wabameli bexesha eliqhelekileyo be-intanethi ye-intanethi kunye nokulawula njengoko babecinga imifanekiso yesondo kunye nokungathathi hlangothi [309]. Njengoko kulindeleke, ukuphakama kwe-LPP ngokuphathelele imifanekiso engathathi hlangothi kwandisiwe kumaqela amabini, nangona ukwanda kwe-amplitude kwincinci kwizifundo ze-IPA. Ukulindela ubungakanani obukhulu kubabukeli be-intanethi ye-intanethi, abalobi bathi, "Lo mzekelo ubonakala uhluke kwiimodeli zokuxhatshazwa kweziyobisi".

Nangona i-ERP enkulu ye-amplitudes ekuphenduleni izilwanyana ezibhekiselele kwiidakamizwa eziphathelele imifanekiso engathathi hlangothi ibonakala kwizifundo zokuxhatshazwa kwezidakamizwa, ukufunyanwa kwangoku akulindelekanga kwaye kuhambelana neziphumo zikaKühn noGallinat [263], ngubani ofumene ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa okuhambelana nokusebenza kombono ongaphantsi ekuphenduleni imifanekiso yesondo. Kwinqanaba leengxoxo, abalobi bathi uKühn noGallinat banikezela ukuhlala njengento echanekileyo kwiphepha elingaphantsi kweLPP. Enye inkcazelo eyenziwa nguKühn noGallinat, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukuvuselela okukhulu kunokubangela ukuba utshintsho lwe-neuroplastic. Ngokukodwa, iiposografi eziphezulu zisebenzisana kunye nombono ongaphantsi kwevolumu kwi-dorsaal striatum, ummandla wesondo ohambelana nesondo kunye nokukhuthaza [265].

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iziphumo zikaPrause et al. babecala kwizinto ababezilindele [309]. Omnye unokulindela ukuba ababukeli be-intanethi kunye nolawulo lwe-intanethi babe neenjongo ezifanayo ze-LPP amplitudes ekuphenduleni okufutshane kwimifanekiso yesondo xa ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweefotoli ezingcolileyo kwi-intanethi kwakungekho nto. Kunoko, ukufumana okungalindelekanga kukaPrause et al. [U309] icacisa ukuba ababukeli be-intanethi ye-Internet bahlala behlala kwiimifanekiso. Omnye usenokuthi ulungelelanise le nto ukunyamezela. Ehlabathini lanamhlanje lokufikelela kwi-Intanethi ngokukhawuleza, kunokwenzeka ukuba abathengi abaninzi be-intanethi ye-intanethi bajonga iifilimu zesini kunye neevidiyo ngokuchasene namacwecwe. Iifilimu zezesondo zivelisa ukuvuselela okungokwenyama kunye nokuzithoba kunemifanekiso yesondo [310] kunye nokujonga iifilimu zesini kubangela intswela encinane kunye nokuphendula ngokwesondo kwimifanekiso yesondo [311]. Kuthathwa ndawonye, ​​i-Prause et al., Kunye ne-Kühn kunye ne-Gallinat zikhokelela kwisigqibo esivakalayo sokuba ababukeli be-intanethi bafuna ukubonakala ngokubanzi ukuphendula iimpendulo zengqondo ezifana nokulawulwa kwempilo okanye abasebenzisi abalinganiselayo.

Ukongezelela, ingxelo yePrause et al. [U309] ukuba, "Le yile nkcukacha yokuqala yomsebenzi wabantu abaxela iingxaki zomgaqo-nkqubo we-VSS" ingxaki kuba lijongisisa uphando olupapashwe ngaphambili [262,263]. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba enye yemingeni emikhulu ekuhloliseni iimpendulo zengqondo ngokubhekiselele kwii-pornography ezixhatshazwayo kukuba ukujonga isistim sezesondo kukuziphatha komlutha. Ngokwahlukileyo, izifundo zokucima iziphumo kwiidakamizwa ze-cocaine zisebenzisa imifanekiso enxulumene nokusebenzisa i-cocaine (imigca emhlophe kwisibuko), kunokuba ngabafundi banokwenza i-cocaine. Ukususela ekubukeni kwezithombe zesondo kunye nevidiyo kukuziphatha komlutha, izifundo zengqondo ze-intanethi ze-intanethi kubasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolileyo ze-intanethi kufuneka ziqaphele kokubili ukuyila nokuhlola iziphumo. Ngokomzekelo, ngokuchasene nokukhangela kwesibini kwimizuzu esetyenziswayo ngu Prause et al. [U309], Voon et al. bakhetha ividyo zevidiyo ze-9-seconds kwi-cue reactivity paradigm ukujonga ngokukhawuleza i-intanethi ye-porn stimulus [262]. Ngokungafani nenye ye-second-exposed exposure to images (Prause et al. [309]), ukuboniswa kwevidiyo ye-9-yesibini kwakhupha ubuchopho obuninzi kwii-intanethi ezibukhali kwi-intanethi. Ngokubhekiselele ukuba abalobi babhekisela kwisifundo seKühn noGallinat, bakhululwa ngexesha elifanayo njengoko isifundo seVoon [262], kodwa abazange bavume iVoon et al. bafunde naphi na kwiphepha labo nangona kubaluleke kakhulu.

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