Kafukufuku watsopano amawononga "chizolowezi chosachita zolaula" (2020)

Akatswiri ena odziwika bwino pankhani ya zizolowezi zoipa padziko lonse lapansi atulutsa kafukufuku watsopano wakuti “ Kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi, kusalingana kwa makhalidwe abwino, komanso kupembedza komanso ubale wawo ndi chizolowezi chodziona ngati wokonda zolaula, kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti komanso masewera a pa intaneti .” Musalole kuti mutu wake wamaphunziro ukupusitseni. Umaphwanya mwamphamvu imodzi mwa nthano zoopsa kwambiri zomwe ofufuza okonda zolaula akhala akuzipanga ndikuzilimbikitsa kwa zaka zambiri zapitazi.

Kafukufuku watsopanoyu adapeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zoipa (osati anthu omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zolaula okha) nthawi zambiri savomereza makhalidwe omwe akulimbana nawo kuti achotse. Ngati zimenezo zikumveka ngati zanzeru, ndiye kuti ndi zomveka. Koma zimenezo sizinalepheretse gulu la ofufuza kugwiritsa ntchito umboni wa kusavomereza kwachibadwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zolaula kuti apange meme yamphamvu komanso yolakwika yakuti mavuto a zolaula mwina amachitika chifukwa cha manyazi achipembedzo kapena kukana makhalidwe abwino (ndipo motero, mwachionekere, kuti chizolowezi cha zolaula si chenicheni). Nayi munthu amene ali kumbuyo kwa nthanoyi, Josh Grubbs, akulimbikitsa zolinga zake:

Zimene Grubbs ndi anzake anaiwala kufufuza ndi ngati anthu ena omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zoipa amakumananso ndi kusakhutira ndi zochita zawo zomwe akuyesera kuzichotsa. Kutsatsa kwawo chitsanzo chawo cha MI popanda kufufuza kaye lingaliro limenelo kumasonyeza kusalongosoka kapena kukayikira za kulondola kwawo kwasayansi. Mwatsoka, pali umboni wokwanira wa izi.

Josh Grubbs wa Bowling Green State University (wothandizidwa ndi Rory Reid wa UCLA ndi ena ambiri ogwira nawo ntchito) wakhala akutulutsa mawu kwambiri munyuzipepala komanso m'mabuku owunikiridwa ndi anzawo - nthawi zonse amatsitsa zolaula komanso zisonyezo zina zolaula. Ndipo nthawi zonse kutanthauza kuti kukana kwamakhalidwe oyipa (komanso "chisanachitike") kumalongosola koposa china chilichonse chokhudzana ndi zolaula.

Mwachitsanzo, Grubbs akufotokoza mwachidule malingaliro ake mu nkhani yapadera iyi ya 2016 Psychology Today , ponena kuti chizolowezi choonera zolaula ndi manyazi achipembedzo, ndipo sichikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ( bodza loonekeratu ).

Ofufuzawa adakonza kampeni iyi ya "kutsutsa makhalidwe abwino" ngakhale kuti adapeza mobwerezabwereza m'manyuzipepala awo kuti chizolowezi cha zolaula chimagwirizana kwambiri osati ndi kusavomereza koma ndi kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula! Zomwe zapezekazi zikusonyeza kuti chizolowezi cha zolaula ndi chenicheni. Komabe ofufuzawa mobwerezabwereza adachotsa zomwe adapeza zovutazi.

M'malo mwake adalemba mitu yankhani, nkhani zoyambira, ndi mawu olembedwa m'manyuzipepala omwe amagogomezera zomwe zapezeka "zosavomerezeka" zochepa. Makampani opanga zolaula anali okondwa kwambiri kuthandiza kufalitsa zonena zawo zosokeretsa . (Zindikirani - Grubbs ndi wolemba wachiwiri Sam Perry adatsimikiza tsankho lawo lochokera ku zolinga zawo pomwe onse awiri adagwirizana ndi anzawo Nicole Prause ndi David Ley monga mamembala onyada a tsamba lophwanya malamulo losaloledwa la "RealYourBrainOnPorn.com" ).

Mwamwayi, pankhaniyi, sayansi yadzikonza yokha (momwe iyenera kukhalira ). "Kusavomereza makhalidwe abwino" sikuli kokha kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zolaula. Anthu onse omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zoipa amakumana ndi "kusavomereza makhalidwe abwino." Motero, n'zoonekeratu kuti Grubbs ndi anzake adamanga kampeni yawo pa nyumba yamakhadi. Chotsatira chake ndi chakuti zonse zomwe zapezeka mu MI mpaka pano ziyenera kunenedwa mopanda chidwi - osati mitu yankhani yosangalatsa komanso yonyenga yomwe alandira.

Padakali pano, kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwachitika. Meme ofufuzawa athandiza ambiri mwa anzawo ogonana nawo komanso azama psychology kuti zolaula ndizokayikitsa. Omwe anyengedwa amanyalanyaza kapena kungochotsera umboni wochuluka wosonyeza kuti zolaula ndizowona monga kutchova juga komanso chizolowezi cha masewera (zonse zomwe zidalembedwa m'mabuku azogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri).

Zachisoni, "MI = zolaula" zopanda pake zimapitilizabe kubisalira kwakanthawi, ngakhale mutu wake udadulidwa. Yang'anani mosamala kwa iwo omwe amafufuza omwe akufuna kuti athandizire lingaliro la MI. Onani zosakondera. (Ndikupereka chitsanzo pambuyo pake munkhaniyi.)

Background

Kuti mumvetsetse tanthauzo lonse la kafukufuku watsopanoyu muyenera kudziwa zina ndi zina.

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, "machitidwe osalimbikitsa" (MI) ofotokozera zakumwa zolaula anali bongo la wofufuza zolaula Josh Grubbs. Koma MI analidi m'badwo wachiwiri wotsutsa zolaula.

Zaka zingapo m'mbuyomo, Grubbs anabereka ndi kulera munthu woyambitsa MI ("chizolowezi chodziwika") pogwiritsa ntchito CPUI-9 yake, mafunso okhudza zolaula omwe amakopeka kuti apangitse ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zachipembedzo kupeza zigoli zambiri. Nayi ulusi wanga wa pa Twitter (ndi nkhani yanga yayitali ) yofotokoza momwe maphunziro onse a CPUI-9 amapangira zotsatira zokondera.

Kwenikweni, funso la CPUI-9, ngakhale likunena kuti limayeza "chizolowezi choonera zolaula," silinagwirizane ndi mafunso okhudzana ndi chizolowezi , osanenapo kuti lili ndi mphamvu yosiyanitsa "chizolowezi choonera" ndi chizolowezi "chenicheni" . Komabe, ambiri amaganiza kuti chinali ndi chizolowezi, kudalira dzina lake lolakwika la spin-term " chizolowezi choonera ." (Mawu oti "chizolowezi choonera zolaula" sakusonyeza china chilichonse kupatula kuchuluka kwa CPUI-9.)

Mochenjera CPUI-9 idaphatikizanso mafunso atatu okhudzana ndi kudziimba mlandu komanso manyazi omwe ogwiritsa ntchito achipembedzo amapitilira nthawi zonse, motero zimatsimikizira zotsatira zomwe zidalola Grubbs kukonda: kukhala wachipembedzo chokhudzana ndi "zolaula."

Nayi Grubbs yovuta ya CPUI-9:

Gawo Loyamba Kukakamizidwa

  1. Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndimakonda kwambiri zolaula pa Intaneti.
  2. Ndikumva kuti sindingalepheretse kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa Intaneti.
  3. Ngakhale pamene sindikufuna kuona zithunzi zolaula pa intaneti, ndimamva kuti ndikuyandikira

Gawo la Mayesero Opeza

  1. Nthaŵi zina, ndimayesetsa kukonza ndondomeko yanga kuti ndikhale ndekha kuti ndione zolaula.
  2. Ndakana kukakhala ndi anzanga kapena kupita kuntchito zina kuti ndipeze zolaula.
  3. Ndaika zofunikira kwambiri kuti ndiziona zolaula.

Gawo Lamavuto Amtima (mafunso osokonekera)

  1. Ndimachita manyazi ndikaona zolaula pa intaneti.
  2. Ndimaona kuti ndikuvutika maganizo chifukwa choona zolaula pa intaneti.
  3. Ndimadwala kwambiri ndikaona zolaula pa intaneti.

Monga mukuonera, CPUI-9 singathe kusiyanitsa pakati pa chizolowezi chenicheni cha zolaula ndi "chikhulupiriro" cha chizolowezi cha zolaula. Anthu omwe adafunsidwa "sanadzitchule kuti ndi oledzera zolaula" mu kafukufuku aliyense wa Grubbs CPUI-9 . Anangoyankha mafunso 9 omwe ali pamwambapa, ndipo adapeza zigoli zonse.

Nayi chinsinsi cha zonena zonse zokayikitsa komanso ubale wokayikitsa: mafunso a Emotional Distress (7-9) amachititsa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zachipembedzo kupeza zigoli zambiri, ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula zadziko kupeza zigoli zochepa, komanso kupanga mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa "kusavomereza makhalidwe abwino" ndi chiwerengero chonse cha CPUI-9 ("kuzindikira chizolowezi cha zolaula").

Mwachidule, kulumikizana kuchokera ku kafukufuku wodziwika kwambiri wa Grubbs kumavumbula kuti mafunso 7-9 amasokoneza chilichonse pazolinga zake zakuimba mlandu zolaula pamakhalidwe ndi chipembedzo:

Mwanjira ina, ngati mugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira kuchokera ku mafunso a CPUI-9 1-6 okha (omwe amawunika zizindikiro za chizolowezi chenicheni ), maubwenziwo amasintha kwambiri - ndipo nkhani zonse zokayikitsa zomwe zimati manyazi ndi chifukwa "chenicheni" cha chizolowezi cha zolaula sizikanalembedwapo. Zonena zotere zimadalira mafunso okhudza Emotional Distress (7-9), omwe alibe malo mu mayeso oyesa chizolowezi chilichonse . Maubwenzi ochokera ku kafukufuku yemweyo akuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwira chizolowezi chenicheni (mafunso 1-6).

Malingana ngati palibe amene ankayang'ana pansi pa chivundikirocho, meme ya Grubbs yoti "chizolowezi choonera zolaula chinali kudzimva chisoni ndi manyazi" idathandizidwa pang'ono. Atolankhani adapitiliza nazo ndipo Grubbs adayambitsa moto, monga momwe zalembedwera munkhani yayitali iyi.

Pambuyo pake ofufuza, kuphatikiza Grubbs mwiniwake (pomwe anali pamoto), adayamba kuyesa anthu mwachindunji mwa kufunsa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula (1) ngati amaganiza kuti ali osuta, komanso (2) momwe amapembedzera. Kukhumudwa kwa Grubbs, kunalibe kulumikizana kopindulitsa. Nthano "yozindikira kuti idasokoneza" idanyozedwa, ndipo ngakhale Grubbs adaisiya.

Mosaopa kuitanidwa kuti achite chitsanzo cholakwika chokhala ndi chizindikiro chosokeretsa ("chizolowezi chodziwika"), mu 2018, Grubbs ndi anzake adayambitsa "kusalingana kwa makhalidwe" kapena chitsanzo cha MI. Potengera pomwe "chizolowezi chodziwika" chinasiyira, "kusalingana kwa makhalidwe" kunayesa kufotokoza chizolowezi cha zolaula ngati nkhani ya makhalidwe abwino.

Grubbs ndi anzake ndi otsatira awo adapereka mwachangu maphunziro ndi ndemanga (!) yogwirizanitsa kutsutsa kwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi ziwerengero za anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuti athandizire meme yawo yatsopano. Grubbs akulemba pa Twitter kuti mavuto a zolaula nthawi zambiri si chizolowezi chenicheni, koma ndi "zikhulupiriro" ndi "malingaliro" okha (Grubbs si katswiri wa mitsempha):

Tsoka, monga tafotokozera kale, iye ndi anzawo adachita izi asanayang'ane malingaliro awo (omwe awonetsedwa kuti ndi olakwika) kuti zolaula zidali zosiyana ndi MI. Amakwiriranso zovuta zawo kuti panali kulumikizana kwamphamvu kwambiri pakati pamagulu azogwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikudziona kuti ndi osokoneza bongo (zomwe ndi zomwe munthu angayembekezere osokoneza) kuposa kulumikizana pakati pa MI ndi kudziona kuti ndinu osokoneza. Zosokoneza zosokoneza, komanso ziwonetsero zina ziwiri motsutsana ndi Grubbs.

Popeza chitsanzo cha MI tsopano chaonekera ngati red herring, ndipo mafunso a CPUI-9 aonekera ngati osasinthika, ndi nthawi yoti olemba kafukufukuyu asiye kubisa kuti mgwirizano wamphamvu womwe amapeza mu maphunziro awo a MI/CPUI-9 ndi pakati pa chizolowezi cha zolaula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula - osati pakati pa chizolowezi cha zolaula ndi chipembedzo kapena MI. Zotsatira zawo zikugwirizana ndi chizolowezi cha zolaula. Nthawi.

Kampeni ya MI igunda khoma

Nazi zina mwa zomwe zapezeka kuchokera mu kafukufuku watsopano , zomwe zimawononga chitsanzo cha MI.

  • Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi kunali kwamphamvu kwambiri mwa olosera zamtsogolo (zogwirizana ndi zosokoneza bongo).
  • MI yolumikizidwa ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula, kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mokakamiza, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti komanso masewera - zonsezi.
  • Panali kulumikizana kosafunikira pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi chipembedzo. Chifukwa chake, palibe chithandizo cha Grubbs Et al Ndimakonda kwambiri kuti manyazi achipembedzo amafotokozera zolaula.

Nazi zina mwazolemba:

Mwachidule, anthu omwe sangathe kulamulira khalidwe ngakhale zotsatira zake zoipa, amapeza bwino kwambiri chifukwa chosavomereza khalidweli (MI). Ndipo kafukufukuyu (ndi ena) akupeza kuti si MI koma kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula komwe kumaneneratu bwino chizolowezi cha zolaula, mpaka pano. Ponena za chipembedzo "chomwe chimayambitsa" chizolowezi cha zolaula, chimenechonso chinatsutsidwa. Mu tebulo ili m'munsimu f kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi chizolowezi cha zolaula ( 0.42 ), koma sikukugwirizana kwenikweni ndi chipembedzo ( 0.03 ).

Chenjerani ndi akatswiri azakugonana omwe akukankhabe mtundu wa MI wopanda mbiri

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, "kusakhazikika mwamakhalidwe" meme-kampeni ili ndi chiyembekezo chomwe chingapititse patsogolo kwakanthawi. Ophunzira ambiri omwe amawunikiranso nkhani zawo mosakayikira azikhalabe mumabuku awo azankhani zolaula. Atha kukhala ndi sitampu yomwe amakonda, osadziwa kafukufuku watsopano yemwe akuwonetsa kuti mtundu wa MI nthawi zonse umakhala panyumba yamakhadi (omwe tsopano agwa). Makampani opanga zolaula adzapitilizabe lipenga zotere kuti ateteze phindu lake.

Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani kafukufuku watsopanowu momwe gulu la ofufuza za kugonana linayesetsa kwambiri kulumikiza MI ndi "kukonda kuchita manyazi" ngati njira yotsimikizira anthu kuti manyazi amachititsa anthu kudziona ngati oledzera (kapena "osalamulirika" monga momwe ofufuza oletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo awa amanenera kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mokakamiza). Lingaliro lawo linalephera, ndipo munthu angamve wolemba wamkulu Brian A. Droubay (wolimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo) akukukuta mano ake.

Phunziroli, MI idalumikizidwa ndi "malingaliro osagwiritsa ntchito zolaula" (monga momwe zimakhalira ndi zizolowezi zilizonse). Koma kulumikizana "kwamanyazi" sikunali kwenikweni. Mwinanso Droubay ayenera kukhala nthawi yayitali pamawonekedwe ochezera pa intaneti akuwerenga zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amafotokoza m'malo modalira malingaliro ake achikale onena zamanyazi achipembedzo.

Ngati Droubay iyemwini adachita manyazi pankhani zakugonana kwake ndizomvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Koma ngati ali wachipembedzo kapena wotsutsa "makhalidwe," monga akatswiri ambiri owonera zolaula, mwina ayenera kuchoka pamtsutsowo. Zitha kukhala kuti zidasokoneza malingaliro ake komanso kuthekera kopanga kafukufuku wopanda tsankho, monga momwe zilili ndi ena mwa omwe amalankhula nawo zogonana.

Kuyamba kwa Droubay ndi anzake ndi nyimbo yotamanda ntchito ya olemba ena okonda zolaula (Prause, Ley, Walton, Reid, Cantor ndi Grubbs ndi anzake), akunyalanyaza kafukufuku wambiri wotsutsana ndi nkhani yomwe amakonda. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, sakuvomereza mokwanira kuti "Compulsive Sexual Behaviour Disorder" (matenda atsopano mu buku la ICD-11 diagnostic book lomwe linatengedwa chaka chatha ndi World Health Organization) limaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula mokakamiza!

M'malo mwake amayesa kukopa owerenga kuti chilakolako chodziseweretsa maliseche (mwina zolaula) ndi umboni chabe wa chilakolako chachikulu chogonana - ngakhale kuti chilakolako chachikulu chingasonyezenso chilakolako chofuna kugonana . Mwachidule, ofufuzawa sanatchulepo kuti maphunziro angapo asiyanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika chilakolako chenicheni chogonana . Awiriwa si ofanana, koma akatswiri okonda zolaula nthawi zonse amanena kuti malingaliro awa ndi osinthika.

Mwachidziwitso, olembawo anasonkhana, koma sananene, mgwirizano pakati pa kuwonera zolaula ndikumverera koperewera. Lingaliro langa ndikuti zikadakhala zamphamvu kuposa kulumikizana kwa MI komwe amafuna kutsindika. M'malo mwake sanaphatikizepo kuwonera zolaula ndikumanena kuti, mulimonsemo, pafupipafupi angawonedwe ngati… mukuganiza kuti ... muyeso wa "chilakolako chogonana chokha" kusiyana ndi vuto lakuchepa.

Kutsiliza

Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zawonongeka komanso kufalitsa nkhani zabodza kudzera mu nthano ya "makhalidwe osazolowereka" ndizosaneneka. Anthu asocheretsedweratu za omwe amayambitsa zowawa zolaula. Anthu omwe sakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu kapena amene amakhulupirira kuti kulibe Mulungu angakhulupirire kuti ali otetezeka ku zizolowezi zolaula chifukwa alibe zifukwa zogwiritsira ntchito. Ndipo choyipa koposa onse opereka chithandizo chamankhwala anyengedwa. Agwera mu nthano yonena kuti kuzolowera zolaula sizowona ndipo motero sangapezeke, chifukwa chake samadandaula kuti aziyesa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito kuwunika komwe kulipo.

Yakwana nthawi yoti tithetse nthano yoti MI akutiuza chilichonse chofunikira pamavuto omwe amachititsa zolaula, kuti iwo ndi mbadwa zake asiye kupotoza gawo lazofufuza zolaula. Zizolowezi zolaula ndizowona komanso zowopsa monga masewera osokoneza bongo komanso kutchova juga. Sizinachepetsedwe kuti "zichititse manyazi" ngakhale atachita bwino kapena kufufuzira kwa anthu mwaluso.

Nthano ya MI sinali chabe yabodza. Nthawi yoti mulole kuti ipite.

Kudzudzula mwamwambo (ndi ofufuza) za "Zolaula Zovuta Chifukwa Chakuyipa Kwamakhalidwe: Mtundu Wophatikizika Wowunikanso Mwadongosolo ndi Meta-Analysis" (2018):

  1. Zithunzi Zoyipa Zosokoneza Gwiritsani Ntchito ndi Kutheka kwa Njira Yosayenerera (2018), lolembedwa ndi Paul J. Wright
  2. Anagwira mu Bokosi la Zolaula (2018), ndi Brian J. Willoughby
  3. Kugunda Cholingacho: Zoganizira Kusiyanitsa Pakuthandizira Anthu Omwe Amagwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula (2018), lolembedwa ndi Shane W. Kraus & Patricia J. Sweeney
  4. Malingaliro Ophunzirira pa Zithunzi Zolaula Mavuto Omwe Amakhalapo Chifukwa Cha Kusakhazikika Kwamakhalidwe Ndi Njira Zogwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula: Kodi Zinthu "Ziwirizi" Zikusiyana Motere Monga Zapangidwira? (2018) lolembedwa ndi Matthias Brand, Stephanie Antons, Elisa Wegmann, Marc N. Potenza
  5. Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chiyenera kuphatikizidwa pamiyeso yokhudzana ndi zovuta zakugonana? (2020): Gawo la "Makhalidwe Abwino".

Pomaliza, apa pali kuyesera kwa Grubbs kodzifunira yekha, kofunitsitsa kubwezeretsa moyo m'thupi la chitsanzo chake cha "Kusalingana kwa Makhalidwe Abwino" . Chingafupikitsidwe ngati kuyesera kwake kusunga "kusalingana kwa makhalidwe" mu ntchito, ngakhale kuti sikunagwire bwino ntchito ngati chiphunzitso. Bwanji osangopeza chiphunzitso chomwe chikugwirizana ndi zoona?