Paul Wright PhD ndi katswiri wofufuza za zolaula wodziwika bwino komanso wodziwika bwino . Zikuoneka kuti watopa - monganso ena ambiri m'munda uno - ndi njira zonyenga zomwe ena mwa ofufuza zachiwerewere omwe amadziwika kuti ndi otsogola pa nkhani imeneyi (ndi kuwerengera kwawo mapepala mopanda tsankho). Iye akufotokoza njira zawo ziwiri m'makalata osiyana kwa Mkonzi wa Archives of Sexual Behavior, ndipo amalimbikitsa kuti njira zonsezi zisagwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo.
"Zoyambitsa sizofanana" (O chonde)
Akatswiri a zachiwerewere nthawi zambiri amayesa kukopa atolankhani (ndi wina aliyense amene angamvetsere) kuti umboni wonse wovomerezeka wokhudza zotsatira za zolaula ndi "wogwirizana" ndipo motero wopanda tanthauzo. Ndipotu, tsopano pali umboni wochuluka wosonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumabweretsa mavuto, ndipo Wright mwaluso akunena mfundo iyi mu Kalata yake yachiwiri kwa Mkonzi, " Kuyanjana ndi Anthu Ogonana Monga "Kusankha-Kuwonetsa": Let it Go, Let it Go II ." Yakwana nthawi yoti atolankhani afunefune akatswiri ngati Wright, omwe nthawi zonse amafufuza kafukufuku woyenera, m'malo modalira akatswiri a zachiwerewere olankhula, otsogozedwa ndi zolinga.
Wright akunena kuti kukakamiza kwa akatswiri a zachiwerewere kumatanthauza kuti olemba maphunziro omwe amafufuza zotsatira za zolaula amaona kuti ayenera kukana kuthekera kulikonse kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kungayambitse machitidwe , zikhulupiriro kapena malingaliro omwe ofufuza amapeza kuti amagwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwake. Nthawi zambiri zotsutsa izi zimatsutsana kwambiri ndi zomwe mapepalawa adapeza kotero kuti n'zoonekeratu kuti akatswiri a zachiwerewere omwe amawunika mapepalawo adawafunsa.*
Choyipa kwambiri, tingawonjezere kuti olemba nkhani okonda tsankho pa Wikipedia (monga Tgeorgescu wodziwika bwino ) ndi anzawo a sexology , amapanga ma echo-chambers a mfundo yofunika kwambiri iyi yolankhulirana kuti " Correlation siilingana ndi causation ." Ndipotu, amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuti adzilungamitse okha kuti achotse kafukufuku wosonyeza zotsatira zoyipa za zolaula m'masamba oyenera a Wikipedia - ngakhale amalola kuwonjezera kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi zolaula wosankhidwa ndi cherry!
Chifukwa chake, ali ofufuza omwe amafufuza zolaula amakhala ovuta kusangalatsa zawo zogonana opereka ndemanga poti kulepheretsako kumakhalabe chinsinsi chonse? Pitirizani kuwerenga.
Wright akunena,
Monga momwe owerenga aliyense ngakhale wodziwa bwino magawo okambirana za mapepala okhudzana ndi zolaula pogwiritsa ntchito deta yodutsa akudziwa, ndi chitsimikizo chenicheni kuti olembawo adzachenjeza [kapena adzakakamizidwa kuchenjeza ] kuti kugwirizana kulikonse komwe adapeza pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula (X) ndi chikhulupiriro, malingaliro, kapena khalidwe lomwe likuphunziridwa (Y) kungakhale chifukwa cha "kusankha" (mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ali kale ndi chikhulupiriro, malingaliro, kapena machitidwe omwe amakopeka ndi zomwe zili pa intaneti zomwe zimawonetsa izi) osati kuyanjana ndi anthu ogonana (mwachitsanzo, anthu akukhudzidwa ndi zomwe zili pa intaneti zokhudzana ndi kugonana motsatira chikhulupiriro, malingaliro, kapena khalidwe).
Ndi nkhani yakale ya "nkhuku kapena dzira". Zomwe zidabwera koyamba: zolaula (X), kapena chikhulupiriro, malingaliro kapena machitidwe omwe akuyesedwa (Y)? Mwachitsanzo:
- Kodi zikhulupiriro zomwe zidalipo kale zidayambitsa [chifukwa] zolaula kwambiri ("kusankha-kuwonekera"), kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwambiri [chifukwa] zikhulupiriro zokhudzana ndi chiwerewere ("zogonana")?
- Kodi kusintha kwa ubongo wokhudzana ndi chizolowezi kumabweretsa zolaula, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kosokoneza bongo kunapangitsa ubongo kusintha onetsani omwe amawoneka osokoneza bongo?
- Kodi zachiwerewere zidayambitsa zolaula kwambiri mtsogolo, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi onjezerani mwayi wakugonana?
- Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumabweretsa kusauka kwaubwenzi, kapena kodi kusakhutira ndiubwenzi kumabweretsa zolaula?
Wright akufotokoza kafukufuku wa zaka makumi ambiri amene akusonyeza kuti zolaula zimayambitsa zotsatirapo zoipa, kuphatikizapo maphunziro ambiri omwe amatsatira nkhani pakapita nthawi ( nthawi yayitali ). Komabe olemba akupitirizabe kugonjera zofuna za owunikira awo okhudza kugonana:
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, olembawo adzatenga lingaliro lakuti ngakhale masamba a mfundo zamaganizo ndi zamaganizo zomwe adapereka potsimikizira mphamvu ya X → Y mu gawo lawo lowunikira mabuku, ndizotheka kuti Y → X. Wolembayo adzapempha "kafukufuku wa nthawi yayitali" kuti "athetse" momwe ubalewu ulili. Kuwunikanso magawo okambirana kuyambira zaka ndi zaka zapitazo mpaka masiku ano kukuwonetsa kuti "ndi zoona nthawi zonse" kuti zolaula zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusankhidwa kwa anthu ogonana; izi "sizisintha," malinga ndi Anna.
Wright akuwoneka kuti akuwona izi ngati nkhanza m'mabuku asayansi. M'malo mwake, akunena kuti "ndizosagwirizana ndi sayansi" kunena kuti kuwongolera / zomwe zimakhalabe sizodziwika bwino pankhani yolaula:
Izi ndizachidziwikire, zotsutsana ndi sayansi. Palibe chomwe "chimakhala chowona nthawi zonse" mu sayansi, chifukwa chidziwitso cha sayansi "chimasintha" monga chidziwitso chatsopano chimapangidwa.
Monga Wright akufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane, "chidziwitso chatsopano chopangidwa" chimaphatikizapo maphunziro angapo "otsogola" ataliatali pogwiritsa ntchito zambiri zamagulu kufananiza mwachindunji X → Y ndi Y → X mafotokozedwe azitsogozo a XY ubale. Iye analemba kuti:
Nditasindikiza mapepala angapo ataliatali okhala ndi maumboni ambiri omwe amapeza umboni wazakugonana koma osasankha, ndikudziwa kuti pali maphunziro oterewa.
Mu Kalata iyi kwa Mkonzi wa Archives of Sexual Behavior, iye akufufuza maphunziro 25 oyenerera ( omwe ali ndi nthawi yayitali) osonyeza kuti munthu akupita patsogolo (monga, kuthekera kwa chifukwa). Khumi ndi anayi adapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula koyambirira kunaneneratu chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zotsatira zomwe zidaphunziridwa pambuyo pake, koma mosemphana sizinali choncho (monga, kuchuluka kwa zotsatira kapena zotsatira zake sikunanene kuti anthu ena adzagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pambuyo pake). Maphunziro khumi adapeza ubale wobwerezabwereza. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, zizolowezi zakale zidapangitsa kuti anthu ena azionera zolaula kuposa ena ndipo anthuwa adakhudzidwanso ndi zomwe adakumana nazo. Kafukufuku wina (wochokera kwa membala wa tsamba la porn-shill RealYBOP.com ) adati zizolowezi zakale zidaneneratu kuti munthu azigwiritsa ntchito zolaula, koma mawonekedwe ake onse okhudzana ndi kugonana adawonetsa kuti munthu angatenge mphamvu yobwezera kapena ayi mbali iliyonse. Amanenanso kuti maphunziro angapo (osinthika) a gulu lotalika omwe akusonyeza kuti munthu akupita patsogolo (monga, kuthekera kwa chifukwa) adapeza kuti zolaula zazikulu → zimagwirizana ndi zotsatira, atawerengera milingo yoyambirira ya zotsatira.
Wright amafotokozera mwachidule momwe kafukufukuyu amagwirira ntchito (komanso kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika mapanga):
Mwachidule, lingaliro lakuti kugwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi zikhulupiriro, malingaliro, ndi machitidwe m'maphunziro osiyanasiyana kungakhale chifukwa cha kusankha-kusankha-kusiyana ndi umboni womwe wasonkhanitsidwa ndipo kungathandizidwe ndi filosofi yoti sayansi siingowonjezeke ndipo phunziro lililonse ndi chidutswa chokha chomwe chimayima chokha ; kuti asayansi ayenera kuyamba kuyambira pachiyambi ndi phunziro lililonse - sangathe kumanga pa chidziwitso chakale; ndipo sayansi siikonzeka kusintha - mosasamala kanthu za kupita kwa nthawi ndi umboni watsopano, njira zoganizira za chochitika siziyenera kusinthidwa.
Kwa anthu odziwa zambiri komanso ophunzira, iye waphatikiza matebulo awiri othandiza omwe alemba maphunziro onse 39 a nthawi yayitali omwe adawasanthula.
N'zoonekeratu kuti Wright akuganiza kuti ndi udindo kwa ofufuza za kugonana ndi owunikira/okonza kuti apitirize kugogomezera mawu awo okondedwa akuti zolaula sizikukhudza ogwiritsa ntchito ena. Ndipotu, nayi malingaliro ake omveka bwino kwa olemba, okonza ndi owunikira kuti asiye zopanda pake izi. Malangizo ake ndi aluso kwambiri kotero kuti timawaphatikiza m'mawu onse:
Olemba : Musanene kuti kusankha-kutulutsa nkhani ndi njira ina yomveka bwino yofotokozera zomwe mwapeza. Ngati owunikira ndi akonzi akufuna kuti muchite, apatseni Kalata iyi. Ngati akufunabe, lembani mawu ofunikira oti "malire" afalitsidwe mwanjira yomwe ingakuchotsereni ku maganizo osadziwa bwino awa ndikugwiritsa ntchito Kalata iyi.
Owunikira : Musafunse olemba kuti anene kuti kuonera zithunzi zolaula ndi njira ina yomveka bwino yofotokozera zotsatira zawo pokhapokha ngati mungathe kufotokoza momveka bwino chifukwa chake deta yawo ndi zomwe apeza ndi nkhani yapadera komanso yatsopano kotero kuti umboni wosonkhanitsidwa wotsutsana ndi womwe sungagwiritsidwe ntchito. Poganizira momwe mabukuwa alili, udindo uli pa inu kufotokoza chifukwa chake kuyanjana kwa zolaula komwe olembawo akufotokoza ndi kungowonetsa zithunzi zolaula. Ngati olembawo apereka mawuwo okha, alangizeni kuti achotse ndikuwatsogolera ku Kalata iyi.
Olemba : Otsutsa owunikira osadziwa bwino omwe amafuna kuti olemba achenjeze za kusankha nkhani. Dziwitsani olemba a Kalata iyi ndipo munene kuti ngakhale kuti pali nkhani yokhudza kusintha kwa nkhani, nkhani yokhudza kusankha nkhani yokha ndi yosavomerezeka chifukwa cha momwe mabuku alili panopa.
Kalata: Zithunzi Zolaula monga "Kusankha ‑ Chiwonetsero": Zisiyeni, Zisiyeni
Lekani kudziwongolera mopitirira muyeso pazosintha zakunja zomwe zimaphimba zotsatira zosafunikira (Kalata yoyamba)
Funso ladziko lonse lapansi: "Chifukwa chiyani kafukufuku wina amatsutsana ndi maphunziro ambiri omwe amafalitsidwa ndipo sananene kuti pali kulumikizana kulikonse pakati pa zolaula ndi zoyipa zina (mwachitsanzo malingaliro azakugonana)?" Pali zifukwa zambiri, koma a Paul Wright adalimbikitsanso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri ofufuza zolaula: kuwongolera mopitilira muyeso wakunja.
Ambiri aife timadziwa malumikizidwe osavuta, owongoka monga kuchuluka kwa zolaula zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kusakhutira ndiubwenzi. Koma masiku ano maphunziro ambiri pazokhudza zolaula onjezani zosintha zina zokayikitsa (nthawi zambiri mpaka kuchepetsa or sokoneza zofufuza). Mverani podcast yayifupi, yophunzitsa zomwe zikufotokozera kusiyana pakati pa "kusokoneza" zosintha, "kuyimira pakati" zosintha ndi "kuyerekezera" zosintha… ndipo ndichinyengo bwanji kunamizira kuti zosintha zonse zimasokoneza zotsatira (m'malo mothandiza kufotokoza zovuta).
Kugwiritsa ntchito zosintha kuti muchepetse kulumikizana koonekeratu kumatchedwa "Everest regression." Kugonjetsedwa kwa Everest ndizomwe zimachitika mukama "wongolera "pakusintha kofanizira poyerekeza anthu awiri. Mwachitsanzo, mutatha kuwongolera kutalika, Mount Everest ndikutentha kwapakati. Golide, pambuyo poyang'anira kutalika kwa mafupa, amuna samakhala atali kuposa akazi.
Mwachidule, mumagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chomwe chimachotsa chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa chochitika, kenako n’kupitiriza kupanga malingaliro osokoneza/osokeretsa okhudza icho. Kafukufuku wa zolaula wochitidwa ndi akatswiri a zachiwerewere nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chinyengochi kuti abise zomwe zapezeka zomwe zimaika zolaula m’njira yoipa.
Kotero, tiyeni tiwone kalata yachiwiri ya Wright yakuti “ Kulamulira Kwambiri mu Kafukufuku wa Zolaula: Let it Go, Let it Go… . ”
M'kalata iyi yopita kwa Mkonzi, adayitanitsa 3 ofufuza odziwika kwambiri zolaula, Kohut, Landriput ndi Stulhofer. Amunawa amagwiritsa ntchito njira yoipa iyi yodziwongolera mopitirira muyeso pachilichonse chomwe angaganize (popanda zongopeka) mpaka atathe kuthana ndi zotsatira zomwe sasamala - ndikupanga maudindo oyenererana ndi zomwe amafalitsa .
Mu "Kuyesa chitsanzo chogwirizana cha mgwirizano pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi nkhanza zogonana ndi amuna: Kuwunika kwa nthawi yayitali m'zitsanzo ziwiri za achinyamata odziyimira pawokha ochokera ku Croatia )," Kohut, Landriput ndi Stulhofer adati njira zawo zolamulira kwambiri zidapangitsa kuti kafukufuku wawo akhale wapamwamba kuposa womwe Wright ndi anzake adachita. Kafukufuku wa Wright & anzake adapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunali chizindikiro champhamvu cha nkhanza zogonana zamawu komanso zakuthupi (" Kusanthula kwapadera kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi zochita zenizeni za nkhanza zogonana mu maphunziro a anthu ambiri ").
Kohut, Landriput ndi Stulhofer sanakonde zotsatirazi, ndipo atolankhani pagulu komanso opusitsa amakhulupirira kuti "zowongolera" zambiri ziyenera kuwerengedwa moyenera… mpaka, zamatsenga, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula zamasiku ano (zomwe zili zachiwawa, zankhanza) Khalidwe) silimalumikizidwanso ndi zachiwerewere. Wright akuwonetsa kuti ofufuza ambiri olemekezeka sagwirizana ndi zomwe K, L & S imanena kuti "zowongolera zambiri zimapangitsa kafukufuku kukhala wabwino." Wina amati ndi “nthano ya m'tawuni yopanga zinthu m'njira zosiyanasiyana.”
Wright, yemwe adalemba ndemanga zingapo m'mabukuwa, akufotokoza kuti:
Kudzera mu kapangidwe ka mabuku otere, ndawona kuti (1) kafukufuku wambiri wa zotsatira za zolaula kuyambira m'ma 1990 wachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zofufuzira ndipo (2) njira yodziwika bwino yofufuzira mu kafukufukuyu ndikufunsa ngati kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ( X ) kukugwirizanabe ndi chikhulupiriro, malingaliro, kapena khalidwe lina ( Y ) pambuyo posintha ziwerengero kuti zigwirizane ndi mndandanda wowonjezereka komanso wachilendo wa "zowongolera" ( Z ad infinitum ).
Nazi zitsanzo zochepa chabe zomwe ofufuza awona kuti ndi zofunika kuziphatikiza monga zowongolera: chidziwitso chakugonana, kutha msinkhu, zaka, ubale, malingaliro azakugonana, jenda, maphunziro, chikhalidwe cha anthu, mtundu, malingaliro amalemba achipembedzo, kulumikizana kwamalingaliro ndi wowasamalira , kuwonetseredwa ndi amuna kapena akazi anzawo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, maukwati, kuyanjana pandale, kugwira ntchito kwa sabata limodzi, maukwati a makolo, kugonana, mtundu, kusagwirizana, zizindikiro zakukhumudwa, zizindikiro za PTSD, kukhutira ndi maubwenzi, kukondana ndi anzawo, nkhani zogonana anzawo, kukonda makolo, kuwonera wailesi yakanema, kuwongolera makolo, kudziwona zogonana kwa anzawo, kufunafuna chidwi, kufunafuna chilakolako chogonana, kukhutitsidwa ndi moyo, banja, kudzidalira, kudzipereka pakugonana, malingaliro okakamiza kugonana, zaka za abwenzi, mgwirizano pagulu , kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, kuwonera makanema anyimbo, kuyanjana kwachipembedzo, kutalika kwa maubale, osamukira, okhala mumzinda wawukulu , ntchito za makolo, kusuta, mbiri yakuba, kusowa tulo, mavuto kusukulu, zaka zoyambira zogonana, kuchita zibwenzi, kunama, kunyenga mayeso, kuyerekezera chikhalidwe, malo okhala, kuchuluka kwa maliseche, kupezeka pamisonkhano yachipembedzo, kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana , kukhutira ndikupanga zisankho, kuchuluka kwa ana, osudzulidwa, ntchito, kuchuluka kwa abwenzi achipembedzo, kuchuluka kwa kugonana sabata yatha, ndikulembetsa pasukulu yasekondale.
Apanso – izi ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe.
Kuphatikizidwa kwa zinthu zowongolera sikubweretsa mfundo zolondola kwambiri zokhudza mtundu wa mgwirizano wa X → Y womwe ukufufuzidwa. Ndipotu, ukhoza kupanga zinthu zabodza. Mwachidule, palibe chomwe chimasungidwa kapena chokhwima chokhudza kuphatikiza zowongolera zina za ziwerengero. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zonyenga kwambiri. Wright akupitiriza kuti:
Mfundo (yomwe ingakhalepo) yomwe ikuyambitsa njira yomwe ilipo pano ndi yakuti zolaula sizingakhale gwero lenileni la chikoka cha anthu; m'malo mwake, kusintha kwina kwachitatu kungapangitse anthu kuonera zolaula ndikuwonetsa/kuchita nawo chikhulupiriro, malingaliro, kapena khalidwe lomwe likukambidwa. Komabe, olemba ochepa amalongosola momveka bwino momwe kusintha kulikonse komwe adasankha ngati chowongolera kungayambitse kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso zotsatira zomwe zikuphunziridwa . Nthawi zina, mawu ambiri amaperekedwa (nthawi zina ndi mawu, nthawi zina popanda) kuti kafukufuku wakale wazindikira zosinthazo ngati zosokoneza ndipo ichi ndichifukwa chake zimaphatikizidwa. Nthawi zina, palibe kufotokozera komwe kumaperekedwa kupatula kulemba mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowongolera. N'zovuta kwambiri kupeza maphunziro omwe amazindikira malingaliro enaake a chiphunzitso ngati otsimikizira kusankha zowongolera (zambiri pankhaniyi mtsogolo). N'zosowa kwambiri kupeza kafukufuku yemwe amatsimikizira chifukwa chake zosinthazo zidapangidwa ngati zowongolera m'malo mongoneneratu, oyimira pakati, kapena oyang'anira (sindikukhulupirira kuti ndawonapo izi).
Olemba maphunziro a Wright amatchulapo kuti "mfundo yoyeretsera" (yoyang'anira zosintha zina zowonjezera) itha kuyambitsa kusiya malingaliro amvekedwe. Wright akuti:
Pamene zithunzi zolaula zikuwonetsa zotsatira za kafukufuku zikuganiziridwa mokwanira, ndikunena kuti kuphatikizidwa kwa zowongolera ndi chinthu chapadera, chosagwirizana, chopanda chiphunzitso, komanso chopitirira muyeso . Ndikuganiza kuti ofufuza akuphatikizapo zowongolera chifukwa ofufuza akale, amakhulupirira kuti olemba kapena owunikira adzayembekezera (Bernerth & Aguinis, 2016), kapena chifukwa chakuti agwera mu "nthano ya m'mizinda" yomwe "maubwenzi ndi zowongolera ali pafupi ndi chowonadi kuposa popanda zowongolera."
Zachidziwikire, ena a ife timakhulupirira kuti Kohut, Landriput ndi Stulhofer akufunadi kukayikira mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi zotsatirapo zake zoipa (Kohut & Stulhofer adalumikizana ndi anzawo Nicole Prause ndi David Ley ngati akatswiri patsamba la zolaula la RealYourBrainOnPorn.com ). Amafalitsa nthawi zonse maphunziro akunja omwe, modabwitsa, samapeza vuto lililonse ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Kenako, makampani opanga zolaula ndi anzawo amalengeza mokweza zotsatira zakunja mothandizidwa ndi atolankhani omwe ali pachiwopsezo komanso Wikipedia, pomwe akunyalanyaza kuchuluka kwa umboni womwe ofufuza ofufuza ali nawo.
Wright mokhutiritsa, koma mwaulemu, amadzudzula Kohut, Landriput ndi Stulhofer chifukwa cha masewera awo onyansa. Amalimbikitsa kuti ofufuza zolaula aziona zinthu zosinthika ngati zolosera (monga zinthu zomwe zimasiyanitsa kuchuluka ndi mtundu wa zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito). Kapena ngati oyimira pakati (monga njira zofotokozera zotsatira za zolaula). Kapena ngati oyang'anira (zinthu za anthu ndi zochitika zomwe zimaletsa kapena kupangitsa zotsatira za zolaula). Koma akuwapempha kuti asiye kuchitira anthuwa zinthu zosayembekezereka ngati "zosokoneza" komanso zodetsa, zotsatira za zolaula pa zikhulupiriro, malingaliro, ndi makhalidwe.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, Wright akupereka zitsanzo (ndi mawu) a zinthu zomwe zikuwoneka kuti sizoyenera kuzilamulira chifukwa pali umboni wakuti ndi gawo la njira yowonetsera zolaula . Musaphonye ndemanga zake pa kusayenerera kwa kulamulira zachipembedzo, malingaliro "ogonana" omwe analipo kale, ndi kufunafuna malingaliro.
Mwachitsanzo, ponena za kufunafuna malingaliro, Wright akunena kuti kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunganeneretu kufunafuna malingaliro pambuyo pake, osati mosiyana:
Kufunafuna malingaliro kwaonedwanso ngati khalidwe losasinthika lomwe lingangosokoneza ubale wa zolaula ndi zotsatira zake. Nkhani yongopeka ndi yakuti kufunafuna malingaliro kungakhudze kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula (ikani zotsatira za chiopsezo cha kugonana apa) motero kukhala chisokonezo, koma sikungakhudzidwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Komabe, mbiri ya umboni ikusonyeza zosiyana. Ponena za nkhani zogonana, Stoolmiller, Gerrard, Sargent, Worth, ndi Gibbons (2010) adapeza mu kafukufuku wawo wazaka zinayi, wazaka zambiri wa achinyamata kuti kuonera mafilimu oyesedwa ndi R kunaneneratu kufunafuna malingaliro pambuyo pake, pomwe kufunafuna malingaliro koyambirira sikunaneneretu kuwonera mafilimu oyesedwa ndi R pambuyo pake . Stoolmiller ndi ena adawona kuti zotsatira zawo "zimapereka umboni wowona wa zotsatira za chilengedwe pa kufunafuna malingaliro.
Chifukwa chake, kuwonera zokhudzana ndi kugonana kunadzetsa chidwi chachikulu (osati njira ina). Wright akupitilizabe, ndikuwonetsa njira yoyambitsa matendawa: Kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula >>> kufunafuna >>> mchitidwe wogonana:
Zotsatira zakusanthula izi zokhudzana ndi kugonana zidapeza kuti kuwonetsa zakugonana kunaneneratu za kuchuluka kwa chidwi, zomwe zidaneneratu zakugonana koopsa (O'Hara, Gibbons, Gerrard, Li, & Sargent, 2012).
Komabe wofufuza zolaula amatha kusanja izi kuti anene kuti kufunafuna kukhumudwitsa kumayambitsa mchitidwe wogonana, kuwonetsa zolaula pambuyo pake.
Pomaliza, mu gawo lake la Malangizo , Wright akuyang'ana kwambiri tsankho la ofufuza ena okonda zolaula:
Ngati tili oona mtima kwa ife eni, tiyenera kuvomereza kuti maphunziro athu amachokera kuzinthu zina zomwe sizingatsimikiziridwe kapena kunamizira akatswiri 100%. Ndinabadwa mu 1979. Panali akatswiri azachikhalidwe omwe amakhulupirira kuti zolaula sizingakhudze omwe adazigwiritsa ntchito ndisanabadwe ndipo ndikukutsimikizirani kuti padzakhala asayansi ndikakhala kuti ndapita (ndikukhulupirira, mwina zaka zina makumi anayi kapena zinayi) amene akhulupirire chimodzimodzi.
Ngakhale kuti ndizotheka kuti zolaula ndiye malo okhawo olankhulirana komwe mauthenga ndi matanthauzo sizimakhudza chilichonse, ndipo kuti kugwirizana kulikonse pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi zikhulupiriro, malingaliro, ndi machitidwe nthawi zonse kumakhala konyenga ndipo kumachitika chifukwa cha chinthu china chodziyimira pawokha komanso chosasinthika, ndikukhulupirira kuti pali malingaliro okwanira a chiphunzitso ndi umboni wowona kuti sizili choncho. Chifukwa chake, ndikupempha anzanga kuti "atembenuke ndikutseka chitseko" pa njira ya "kodi zolaula zimaneneratube (zotsatira) mutayang'anira sinki ya kukhitchini?". M'malo mwake, ndikupempha kuti tiyang'ane kwambiri ku zinthu zitatu zomwe zimasiyanitsa kuchuluka ndi mtundu wa zolaula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, njira zomwe zimatsogolera ku zotsatira zinazake, ndi anthu ndi malo omwe zotsatira zake zimakhala zothekera kwambiri.
Kalata: "Kuzilamulira mopitirira muyeso mu Kafukufuku Wolaula: Zisiyeni, Zisiyeni"
Pomaliza, mankhwala ena achizungu owonjezera nthawi yayitali awonjezedwa padziwe lofufuzira zolaula!
Zikomo kwa Paul Wright chifukwa cha kulimba mtima kwake poyitanitsa zina mwanjira zopangira zolaula. Tikukhulupirira kuti ofufuza ena adzatengera zomwe amamuwuza ndikumukankhira motsutsana ndi omwe amapezerera anzawo pazakugonana omwe amalamulira pazofufuza zolaula ndi malingaliro awo okana kapena opanda chiyembekezo omwe sanakonde.
Kumbukirani kuti kwa nthawi yaitali pakhala ubale wabwino pakati pa akatswiri a zachiwerewere ndi Big Porn . Zosokoneza.
* Apa pali wofufuza wodziwika bwino wa zolaula amene akukakamira kwambiri ku lingaliro lake lokondedwa lakuti zolaula sizingakhale chifukwa cha mavuto, ndipo akugogomezera kuti palibe amene angayerekeze kunena zosiyana! Kodi mukuganiza kuti munthuyu angakhale wolondola bwanji akamafufuza kafukufuku wa zolaula?? Kodi akuganizanso kuti ofufuza zauchidakwa ayenera kuyang'ana kwambiri ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kumwa mowa ndi chisangalalo, osati zotsatirapo zoyipa za kumwa mowa?
Kafukufuku wamtsogolo, tikuwona kuti ofufuza ayenera kukhala osamala kuti asasokoneze kulumikizana ndi zovuta pakamakambirana za ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa mbali za HSD [chitukuko chogonana chokwanira… monga momwe amafotokozera] ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Timalimbikitsa ofufuza kuti aganizire za ubale pakati pa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi chisangalalo chogonana - iyi ndi gawo lofunikira la HSD.
Kapena onani nkhani yonyoza iyi yomwe yatumizidwa pa Twitter ndi katswiri wodziwika bwino wokhudza zolaula :
Njira zofufuzira 101: Zigawo zosiyana sizitha kuwonetsa chifukwa.
Um…Njira zofufuzira 201: Deta yakutali ingasonyeze kwambiri chifukwa chake.