Debunking the debunker: I-Critique yencwadi eya kumhleli "Prause et al. (I-2015) i-falsification yakamuva yokubikezela izidakamizwa "

Isingeniso

Emazwana ahlukahlukene, izihloko kanye nama-tweets Nicole Prause uye wathi akukona nje kuphela Prause et al., 2015 ukuqamba amanga “i-tenet eyinhloko yesimiso sokulutha umlutha, i-cue reactivity biomarker, ”Kodwa lokho“uchungechunge lwezifundo zokuziphatha ezichazwe ama-laboratories azimele [ukukhohlisa] ezinye izibikezelo zesimiso somlutha. ” UPrause ucaphuna i-2016 "Letter to the Editor" (ehlaziyiwe kuleli khasi) njengobufakazi bakhe obusekelayo. Kalula nje, uPrause uqoqe wonke amaqanda akhe we-debunking kubhasikidi owodwa - isigaba esisodwa sicashunwe ngezansi. Le mpendulo ye-YBOP isebenza njenge-debunking of i-debunker (uNicole Prause) nawo wonke “amaqanda” akhe awathandayo

Ephendula isazi sezinzwa Matuesz Gola's Ukuhlaziywa okubucayi kwesifundo sabo se-2015 EEG (Prause et al., 2015), Prause et al. babhale incwadi yabo eya kuMhleli, enesihloko esithi, “Prause et al. (I-2015) i-falsification yakamuva yokubikezela izidakamizwa, ”Esizoyibiza ngokuthi"Phendula ku-Gola. ” (Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi "umbhalo wesandla owamukelwe" wokuqala womhleli we-Reply to Gola ubhale uNicole Prause kuphela njengombhali, ngakho-ke akucaci ukuthi ababambisene naye babamba iqhaza ekwenzeni Impendulo eya eGola, noma ngabe kwakuwumzamo wedwa kaPrause.)

Ngokuqinisekile, iningi lempendulo ye-Gola lizinikele emizamweni yokulivikela Prause et al., 2015 ukutolika. Emuva ngo-2015 uNicole Prause wenza izimangalo ezingaphezulu kweziphezulu zokuthi isifundo seqembu lakhe esingalungile sasingabodwa "sakhipha umlutha wezocansi." Yini umcwaningi osemthethweni angayenza naphakade bathi "wenze iphutha" i yonke insimu yocwaningo nokuthi “ngikhohlisiwe” zonke izifundo zangaphambilini ngesifundo se-EEG esisodwa?

Manje, ku-2016, isigaba sokuvala sikaPhendula kuGola sibeka isiqiniseko ngokungenasiqiniseko sokuthi idlanzana lamaphepha, eliholwa isifundo se-EEG esisodwa sikaPrause, lenza amanga "ukubikezela okuningi kwemodeli yokulutha."

Esigabeni #1 ngezansi senza iphutha lokumangalela ngokudalula ukuthi amaphepha abhalwe ngaphi kuPhendula kuya kuGola empeleni atholakale (futhi angatholanga), kanye nokukhanyisa izifundo eziningi ezifanele ezishiyiwe. Esigabeni #2 ngezansi, sihlola ezinye izimangalo ezingasekelwa kanye nokungalungi ku-Phendula ku-Gola. Ngaphambi kokuba siqale, nansi izixhumanisi zezinto ezifanele:

1. Ukuguqulwa kwezimpawu zokuziqhathanisa okuphephile okuphelelwe yisikhathi yizithombe zocansi ezitholakala kubasebenzisi bezinkinga kanye nokulawulwa okungavumelani ne " (Prause et al., 2015) UNicole Prause, uVaughn R. Steele, uCameron Staley, uDean Sabatinelli, uGreg Hajcake.
2. The Ukuhlaziywa kwe-YBOP Prause et al., 2015.
3. Ukuhlaziywa kontanga abayishumi of Prause et al., I-2015: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Bonke bayavuma lokho Prause et al. empeleni ithole ukungafuneki noma ukujwayela - okuhambisana nokulutha.
4. Ukuhlolisiswa kukaMatuesz Gola Prause et al., 2015: Ukwehla kwe-LPP yezithombe zocansi kubasebenzisi bezithombe zocansi eziyinkinga kungahle kuhambisane namamodeli wokulutha. Konke kuncike kumodeli. (Amazwana kuPrause, Steele, Staley, Sabatinelli, & Hajcak, 2015).
5. Impendulo kuGola ngokwayo: Prause et al. (I-2015) i-falsification yakamuva yokubikezela izidakamizwa.
6. Kulesi sethulo uGary Wilson ubonisa iqiniso ngemuva kokufundwa okungaqondakali nokukhohlisayo kwe-5 (kufaka phakathi izifundo ezimbili zeNicole Prause EEG): Ucwaningo Lwezingubo: Iqiniso Noma Izinganekwane?

INGXENYE YOKUQALA: Debunking the Prause et al. Ukuqamba amanga kweModeli Yomlutha

Lesi yisigaba sokuvala lapho Prause et al. kufingqa ubufakazi obusho ukukhohliswa imodeli yokulutha izidakamizwa:

“Ekuphetheni, siqokomisa ukukhohliswa kwePopperian kokuqagela okuningi kwemodeli yokulutha usebenzisa izindlela eziningi. Izinhlobo eziningi zokulutha zidinga ukuthi abantu abayimilutha bakhombise ukulawula okuncane kunesifiso sabo sokusebenzisa (noma bahlanganyele ekuziphatheni); labo ababika izinkinga eziningi ngokubuka izithombe zocansi empeleni banokulawula okungcono ekuphenduleni kwabo ngokocansi (okuphindwe ngu-Moholy, Prause, Proudfit, Rahman, & Fong, 2015; isifundo sokuqala esenziwa nguWinters, Christoff, & Gorzalka, 2009). Amamodeli wokulutha ngokuvamile abikezela imiphumela emibi. Yize ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile kungumphumela omubi ophakanyiswa kakhulu wokusetshenziswa kocansi, izinkinga ze-erectile empeleni aziphakanyisiwe ngokubuka amafilimu ezocansi amaningi (Landripet & Štulhofer, 2015; Prause & Pfaus, 2015; Sutton, Stratton, Pytyck, Kolla, & Cantor, 2015 ). Izinhlobo zokulutha zihlala ziphakamisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwento noma isimilo kusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa noma ukuphunyuka kumthelela omubi. Labo ababika izinkinga ngamafilimu ezocansi empeleni babika ukuthinteka okuncane okungekuhle ekuqaleni / kokubuka kuqala kunezilawuli (I-Prause, i-Staley, ne-Fong, i-2013). Okwamanje, amamodeli amabili aphoqelelayo athole ukwesekwa okwengeziwe selokhu kwashicilelwa uPrause et al. (2015). Lokhu kufaka phakathi imodeli yokushayela ocansini ephezulu (uWalton, uLykins, noBhullar, u-2016) esekela i-high-drive hypothesis yasekuqaleni (Steele, Prause, Staley, & Fong, 2013). AmaParsons et al. (2015) baphakamise ukuthi ukushayela ucansi okuphezulu kungamela isethi yalezi zinkinga zokubika. Futhi, ukucindezeleka okuhlobene nokubukwa kwamafilimu ezocansi kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kuhlobene kakhulu nezindinganiso zokulondoloza kanye nomlando wenkolo (I-Grubbs et al., 2014). Lokhu kusekela imodeli yokuhlazeka emphakathini yezinkinga zokubuka ifilimu yocansi. Ingxoxo kufanele isuke ekuhloleni imodeli yokulutha ukubukwa kwamafilimu ezocansi, ebikade inezibikezelo eziningi ezikhohliswe yizimpendulo zelebhu ezizimele, ukukhomba imodeli efaneleke kangcono yalezo zimilo. ”

Ngaphambi kokuthi sikhulume ngalokhu okushiwo ngenhla, kubalulekile ukudalula ini Prause et al. ukhethe ukuphuma kulokho okubizwa nge- “falsification”:

1. Izifundo ezithandwayo ezingcolile zobulili. Ufunda lokho kulungile. Kuzo zonke izifundo ezikhonjiwe, eyodwa kuphela equkethe iqembu labantu abahlukumezayo, no-71% walezo zihloko kubike imiphumela emibi kakhulu. Iphuzu eliyinhloko: Awukwazi ukuqamba amanga ngokuthi "umlutha wezocansi" uma izifundo ozikhombayo zingaphenyi imilutha ye-porn.
2. Zonke izifundo zezinzwa ezishicilelwe kubasebenzisi be-porn nakwimilutha yezocansi - ngoba zonke zisekela imodeli yokulutha. Leli khasi libala Ucwaningo lwe-56 lwe-neuroscience (I-MRI, i-FMRI, i-EEG, i-Neurospychological, i-Hormonal) inikeza ukusekelwa okuqinile kwesimiso sokulutha.
3. Konke ukubuyekezwa kontanga ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi - ngoba bonke basekela imodeli yokulutha kabi kocansi. Nazi Ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi ezingama-31 nokuphawula ngezinye zezinzwa eziphezulu zezinzwa emhlabeni, ezisekela imodeli yokulutha izidakamizwa ezingcolile.
4. Izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-40 ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kocansi / ukuluthwa ngokocansi ezinkingeni zocansi nokuvuka okuncane. The Ucwaningo lokuqala lwe-7 kuhlu lubonisa ukucabangela, njengoba abahlanganyeli beqede ukusetshenziswa kwezingcolile kanye nokuphulukisa okungavamile kocansi.
5. Ngaphezulu kwezinguquko ze-80 ezixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ukuze kube nokwaneliseka okuncane ngokobulili nokuzwana. Njengoba sisazi konke Izifundo ezibandakanya abesilisa ziye zabika ukusetshenziswa okuningi kocansi okuxhunyiwe abampofu ukwaneliseka ngokobulili noma ngokobudlelwano.
6. Izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-60 ezibika okutholakele zihambisana nokukhula kokusetshenziswa kocansi (ukubekezela), ukujwayela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ngisho nezimpawu zokuhoxiswa (zonke izimpawu nezimpawu ezihlobene nokulutha).
7. Izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-85 zixhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kocansi nezimpofu ezingokwengqondo-ezingokomzwelo nemiphumela empofu yokuqonda
8. Ukubheka iphuzu lokukhuluma elingasekelwa ukuthi "isifiso sobulili esiphakeme" sichaza ukulahla ucansi noma ukulutha ngokobulili: Okungenani izifundo ze-25 zikhohlisa isimangalo sokuthi ubulili nemilutha ye-porn "banesifiso esiphakeme sobulili"
9. Zonke izifundo eziningi ezinganeni, okubika ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kocansi kuhlobene nabafundi abahluphekile, izimo zengqondo zocansi, ukuhlukunyezwa okungaphezulu, impilo ehluphekayo, ubudlelwane abampofu, ukwaneliseka kokuphila okuphansi, ukubheka abantu njengezinto, ukwandisa amathuba okuziphatha ngokocansi, ukusebenzisa ikhondomu encane, ubudlova obukhulu kwezocansi, ukucindezelwa okukhulu kocansi, ukwaneliseka okuncane ngokobulili, i-libido ephansi, isimo sengqondo esikhulu sokuvumela, nokuningi okuningi. (Ngamafuphi, i-ED ikhona hhayi "imiphumela emibi kakhulu ephakanyisiwe yokusetshenziswa kocansi" njengoba kushiwo kwiPhendula kuGola ngezansi.)
10. Ukuxilongwa okusemthethweni? Umbhalo wezokwelapha wezokwelapha osetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, I-International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), iqukethe ukuxilongwa okusha efanelekile ukulutha izidakamizwa: "Ukucindezeleka Ngokuziphatha Ngokwemvelo

KuPhendula kuGola, Prause et al. zama ukuphutha ngalokhu okulandelayo Izimangalo ("Izibikezelo") eziphathelene nemodeli yokulutha. Izingcaphuno ezifanele kanye nezifundo ezisekelayo ezivela eMpendulweni oya eGola zinikezwa ngokugcwele, zilandelwa ukuphawula.

Manga i-1: Ukungakwazi ukulawula ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi.

UKUSEBENZA: “Izinhlobo eziningi zokulutha zidinga ukuthi abantu abayimilutha bakhombise ukulawula okungaphansi kwesifiso sabo sokusebenzisa (noma sokuziphatha); labo ababika izinkinga eziningi ngokubuka izithombe zocansi empeleni banokulawula okungcono ekuphenduleni kwabo ngokocansi (okuphindwe nguMoholy, uPrause, uProudfit, uRahman, noFong, 2015; isifundo sokuqala esenziwa nguWinters, Christoff, noGorzalka, 2009) ”

Izifundo ze-2 azikhombisanga lutho olungamanga njengoba zingazange zihlole ukuthi izihloko zinenkinga yokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwazo kocansi. Okubaluleke kakhulu, akukho nesifundo esiqale ngokuhlola ukuthi ngubani "owayengumlutha wezocansi" noma ngubani. Ungayilahla kanjani imodeli yokulutha kabi i-porn uma ungaqali ngokuhlola izifundo ezinobufakazi obucacile (bokuthi ochwepheshe bezidakamizwa bachaza njengokuthi) umlutha? Ake sihlole kafushane ukuthi izifundo ze-2 zihlolisiseni futhi zabika ini, nokuthi kungani zingamanga lutho:

Ubusika, uChristoff, neGorzalka, 2009 (Umthetho oqaphele wokuvuswa kocansi emadodeni):

• Inhloso yalolu cwaningo bekungukubona ukuthi abesilisa bangakunciphisa yini ukuvusa kwabo ucansi abazibika ngakho ngenkathi bebuka amafilimu ezocansi. Okutholakele okubalulekile: amadoda angcono kakhulu ekucindezeleni ukuvuswa kocansi nawo ayengcono kakhulu ekuzihlekiseni. Amadoda angaphumelelanga ekucindezeleni ukuvuswa kocansi ngokuvamile ayesabeka kunabo bonke abanye. Lokhu okutholakele akuhlangene nakancane nemilutha ye-porn "yokungakwazi ukulawula ukusetshenziswa yize kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu."
• Lokhu kuhlolwa okungaziwa ku-inthanethi akuzange kuhlolisise ukuthi ubani futhi obengeyena "umlutha wezocansi," ngoba ithuluzi lokuhlola laliyi "Scale Compulsivity Scale" (SCS). I-SCS ayisona isivivinyo sokuhlola esivumelekile se-Internet-umlutha wezocansi noma sabesifazane, ngakho-ke okutholakele ocwaningweni akusebenzi kwizidakamizwa ze-intanethi. I-SCS yadalwa ngo-1995 futhi yaklanywa ngezocansi ezingalawulwa ubudlelwane engqondweni (mayelana nokuphenya ngendlala yengculaza). I I-SCS ithi: "Isilinganiso siboniswe ukubikezela izinga lokuziphatha kocansi, izinombolo zocansi zobulili, ukuziphatha okuhlukahlukene kwezici zocansi, kanye nemigomo yezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi. "

Moholy, Prause, Proudfit, Rahman, & Fong, 2015 (Isifiso socansi, hhayi ukucwasana ngokocansi, sitshela ukuthi ukuzithokozisa kokuvuswa kocansi):

• Lolu cwaningo, njengalolu cwaningo olungenhla, aluzange luhlolisise ukuthi yibaphi ababambiqhaza ababengabo noma “babengewona imilutha yezocansi” Lolu cwaningo luthembele i-CBSOB, okuyinto enemibuzo eningi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi ye-inthanethi. Ukubuza kuphela "ngemisebenzi yezocansi," noma uma izihloko zikhathazeka ngemisebenzi yazo (isib. "Ngikhathazekile ukuthi ngikhulelwe," "Nginike umuntu othile we-HIV," "Ngahlangabezana nezinkinga zemali"). Ngakho-ke noma yikuphi ukuhlangana okuphakathi kwamanani ku-CBSOB kanye nekhono lokulawula ukuvusa akufanelekile kuningi porn porn izidakamizwa, abangahlanganyeli ngobulili obuhlukanisiwe.
• Njengengcwaningo lwe-Winters ngenhla, lolu cwaningo lubike ukuthi abahlanganyeli be-hornier babe nesikhathi esinzima phansi-ukulawula ukuvusa kwabo ngokocansi ngenkathi bebuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Prause et al. ziqinisile: lolu cwaningo luchaza u-Winters, et al., 2009: abantu abanamahloni banesifiso sobulili esiphakeme. (Duh)
• Lolu cwaningo lunamaphutha afanayo abulalayo abonwe kwezinye izifundo zethimba lamaPrause: Abaphenyi bakhethe izifundo ezihluke kakhulu (abesifazane, abesilisa, abesilisa abathandana nabobulili obufanayo, nabangewona abesilisa nabesifazane), kepha babakhombisa zonke izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezijwayelekile, ezingathandeki. Kalula nje, imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ibincike embonweni wokuthi abesilisa, abesifazane, nabangewona abesilisa nabesifazane abangafani ekuphenduleni kwabo kusethi yezithombe zocansi. Lokhu kucacile hhayi icala.

Noma kungekho sifundo esibonile ukuthi yibaphi ababambiqhaza abayimilutha yezocansi, Impendulo kuGola kubonakala ngathi ifuna ukuthi "imilutha yezocansi" yangempela kufanele ibe namandla amancane ukulawula ukuvusa inkanuko ngenkathi ibuka i-porn. Kodwa kungani ababhali be-Reply to Gola becabanga ukuthi imilutha yezocansi kufanele ibe "nokuvuka okuphezulu 'lapho Prause et al., 2015 ibike ukuthi "imilutha yezocansi" ibinayo Ngaphansi ukuvuselelwa kobuchopho ku-vanilla porn kunokulawula? (Ngokusobala, esinye isifundo se-EEG futhi wathola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kobulili kwabesifazane okuhlobene nabo Ngaphansi ubuchopho ukusebenza ku porn.) Ukuthola of Prause et al. I-2015 ihambisane nayo UKühn noGallinat (2014), okutholile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kweminye yezocansi okuhlobene nayo Ngaphansi ukuvuselelwa kobuchopho ekuphenduleni izithombe ze-porno ye-vanilla.

Prause et al. Ama-2015's Iziphumo ze-EEG nazo zihambelana Banca et al. 2015, okuthole ukujwayela okusheshayo ezithombeni zobulili ezingumlutha wezocansi. Ukufunda okuphansi kwe-EEG kusho ukuthi izifundo zikhokha Ngaphansi ukunaka izithombe. Abasebenzisi be-porn ababevame kakhulu kungenzeka ukuthi babenesithukuthezi nge-vanilla porn ekhonjiswe kulebhu. Abasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile ze-Moholy & Prause abenzanga “babe nokulawula kangcono ukuphendula kwabo ngokocansi. ” Esikhundleni salokho, base bejwayele noma benganaki izithombe ezimile ze-vanilla porn.

Akuvamile ukuthi abasebenzisi be-porn abahlala njalo bakhulise ukubekezelelana, okuyisidingo sokukhuthaza okukhulu ukuze kufinyelelwe ezingeni elifanayo lokuvuka. Isimo esifanayo senzeka kubahlukumezi bezidakamizwa abadinga "ukushaywa" okukhulu ukuzuza okuphezulu okufanayo. Ngabasebenzisi be-porn, ukugqugquzela okukhulu kuvame ukutholakala ngokukhuphukela ezinhlotsheni ezintsha noma ezeqisayo ze-porn.

Izinhlobo ezintsha ezenza ukushaqeka, ukumangala, ukuphulwa kwezilingo noma ukukhathazeka kungasebenza ukwandisa ukuvuvukala ngokobulili, okuvame ukufaka amafulege kulabo abasebenzisa i-Internet ye-porn. A Ucwaningo lwamuva olutholiwe ukuthi ukukhula okunjalo kuvamile kakhulu kubasebenzisi banamuhla be-porn abasebenzisi be-intanethi. I-49% yamadoda ahloliwe ayebukele i-porn ethi "bekungakatholakali ngaphambili kubo noma ukuthi babecabanga njengezinengiso. ” Ngokuphelele, izifundo eziningi babike ukujwayela noma ukwanda kwabasebenzisi be-porn abajwayelekile - umphumela ohambisana ngokuphelele nemodeli yokulutha.

Iphuzu eliyinhloko: Lesi simangalo sonke ekuphenduleni iGola sincike ekubikezelweni okungasekelwa kokuthi "imilutha yezocansi" kufanele izwe ukuvuka okukhulu kocansi ukubeka izithombe ze-vanilla porn, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ikhono elincane lokulawula ukuvusa kwabo. Kodwa ukubikezela ukuthi abasebenzisi abangcolile abasebenzisa i-porn noma izilutha ababhekana nokuvuswa okukhulu kwe-vanilla porn nesifiso esikhulu sezocansi kuye kwaphindaphindiwe ngamachungechunge amaningana ocwaningo:

1. Izifundo ezingaphezulu kwe-40 uxhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kocansi ukunciphisa ukuvusa ucansi noma ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili nabalingani bobulili.
2. Ucwaningo lwe-25 phikisana nesimangalo sokuthi ucansi kanye nemilutha yezocansi "banesifiso sobulili esiphakeme" (ngaphezulu ngezansi).
3. Ngaphezulu kwesixhumanisi sokuhlola se-75 ukusetshenziswa kocansi nokwaneliseka kocansi okuphansi nobudlelwano.

Ngokufigqiwe:

• Lezi zifundo ezimbili ezikhonjiwe azihlangene nakancane nemilutha ye-porn yokulawula ukusetshenziswa noma kunemiphumela emibi.
• Lezi zifundo ezimbili ezikhonjiwe azizange zikhombe ukuthi ubani owayengumlutha wezocansi noma owayengeyena, ngakho-ke asikwazi ukusitshela lutho "ngomlutha wezocansi."
• Lezi zihloko ezathola amaphuzu aphezulu ohlwini lwemibuzo yokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi (hhayi umlutha wezocansi) awuzange "ulawule ukuvusa kwabo kangcono" ngenkathi bebuka i-vanilla porn. Kungenzeka ukuthi babenesithukuthezi nge-vanilla porn (okungukuthi, ukungafuneki, okuwukushintsha kobuchopho okuhlobene nokulutha).

Funa isimangalo se-2: Izilingo zisebenzisa i-substance noma ukuziphatha ukuze ubalekele imizwelo emibi

UKUSEBENZA: “Izinhlobo zokuluthwa kaningi ziphakamisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa noma isimilo kusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa noma ukuphunyuka kumthelela omubi. Labo ababika izinkinga ngamafilimu ezocansi empeleni babika ukuthinteka okuncane okungekuhle ekuqaleni / ekubukeni kwangaphambili kunezilawuli (iPrause, Staley, & Fong, 2013). ”

Nakuba izidakamizwa zivame ukusetshenziswa ukusebenzisa izinkinga ezimbi (imizwelo), iphinde iphinde iphendule i-Phendula ku-Gola njengokwesekwa isifundo esingenzi lutho ngokukhohlisa ukubikezelwa kokulutha kwezidakamizwa. Ukudumisa, I-Staley & Fong 2013 akazange ahlolisise le nto nhlobo. Nakhu okubike empeleni:

"Okungalindelekile, iqembu le-VSS-P likhombise ukusebenza okuncane kakhulu kokuthinteka okuhle nokubi kwifilimu yezocansi kune-VSS-C."

Ukuhumusha: ababizwa ngokuthi "imilutha yezocansi" (iqembu le-VSS-P) babenemizwa engathathi hlangothi kwezocansi kuneqembu elilawulayo (i-VSS-C). Kalula nje, "imilutha yezocansi" ibhekane nempendulo engathathi hlangothi kuwo womabili amafilimu ezocansi kanye nokungathathi hlangothi. Iphuzu elisemqoka: Ucwaningo luka-Prause luka-2013 basebenzisa izihloko ezifanayo Prause et al., 2015, okuyinto isifundo esifanayo se-2015 EEG esitholile Ngaphansi ukuvuselelwa kobuchopho ukuze kube nemifanekiso emibi ye-vanilla porn.

Kunencazelo elula kakhulu yokuthi "abasebenzisi bezithombe zocansi abavame kakhulu" abanezimpendulo ezingatheni ngokomzwelo ekubukeni i-vanilla porn. I-Vanilla porn ayisabhalisiwe njengakho konke okuthakazelisayo. Okufanayo kuya "ekuphenduleni abasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile zobulili" kumafilimu angathathi hlangothi - babengenasidingo. Ukudumisa, iStaley, neFong, I-2013 (ebizwa nangokuthi Prause et al., I-2013) iphelele ihlaziya lapha.

Amaphethini ambalwa avela kwizimangalo zePhendula kuGola zokukhohlisa:

1. Ucwaningo olukhulunywe aluhlangene nalokhu okuyikho okwenziwe yi-model of addiction.
2. Udumo luvame ukubiza izifundo zakhe.
3. I-3 Prause Studies (Prause et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2015, Steele et al., 2013.) bonke abathintekayo izifundo ezifanayo.

Nakhu esikwaziyo mayelana "nabasebenzisi abayimilutha yezocansi" ezifundweni zePrause's 3 (the "Prause Study"): Babengeyona imilutha, njengoba bengakaze bahlolwe ukulutha kocansi. Ngakho-ke, azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni "ukwenza inkohliso" noma yini ephathelene nemodeli yokulutha. Njengeqembu babengenasifiso noma bajwayele i-vanilla porn, ehambisana nokubikezela kwesimo sokulutha. Nakhu isifundo ngasinye empeleni ibike ngezihloko "zezidakamizwa ezingcolile"

1. Prause et al., 2013: "Abasebenzisi abayimilutha ye-Porn" babike isithukuthezi nokuphazamiseka okuningi ngenkathi bebuka i-vanilla porn.
2. Steele et al., 2013: Abantu abanobuciko obukhulu-ukubukeka kwe-porn babenakho Ngaphansi isifiso sobulili nomlingani, kodwa hhayi isifiso esincane sokushaya indlwabu.
3. Prause et al., 2015: "Abasebenzisi abayimilutha ye-Porn" babe Ngaphansi ukuvuselelwa kobuchopho ukuze kube nemifanekiso emibi ye-vanilla porn. Ukufunda okungezansi kwe-EEG kusho ukuthi "izidakamizwa ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile" azikhombisi kahle izithombe.

Iphethini ecacile ivela ezifundweni ezintathu: "Abasebenzisi abayimilutha ye-porn" babengenasifiso noma bajwayele i-vanilla porn, futhi labo abanesibindi-sokuphinda basebenzise izithombe zobulili ezingcolile bakhetha ukushaya indlwabu ocansini kunokuya ocansini nomuntu wangempela. Kalula nje babengenasifiso (inkomba evamile yokulutha) futhi bakhetha isisusa sokuzenzela kumvuzo wemvelo onamandla kakhulu (ubulili obuhlukanisiwe). Ayikho indlela yokuhumusha le miphumela njengokukhohlisa ukulutha kocansi.

Awukwazi ukukhohlisa imodeli yokulutha kabi kocansi uma "imilutha yezocansi" yakho ingeyona imilutha yezocansi

Iphutha elikhulu ku-Prause Studies ukuthi akekho owaziyo ukuthi yikuphi, uma kukhona, kwabafundi bakaPrause ababeyizidakamizwa ezingcolile zobulili. Kungakho-ke kunamamaki wokucaphuna azungeze "imilutha yezocansi" encazelweni yethu yalezi zifundo ze-3. Lezi zihloko ziqashwe ePocatello, e-Idaho ngezikhangiso ezikwi-intanethi zicela abantu “uhlangabezana nezinkinga ezilawula ukubuka kwabo kwezithombe zocansi. "I-Pocatello, i-Idaho iphezu kwe-50% yama-Mormon, eziningi zezifundo zingase zizwe lokho iyiphi Inani lokusebenzisa i-porn kuyinkinga enkulu.

Enkulumweni ye-2013 Nicole Prause uyavuma ukuthi izikhonzi zakhe eziningana zahlangabezana nezinkinga ezincane (okusho ukuthi abengezona izilonda zocansi):

“Lolu cwaningo lubandakanya kuphela abantu ababika izinkinga, kusukela kokuncane kakhulu ezinkingeni ezinkulu, ukulawula ukubukwa kwabo kwezinkanuko zobulili ezibukwayo. ”

Futhi, uhlu lwemibuzo olusetshenziswe kwizifundo ze-3 ukuhlola "ukulutha kwezocansi" (Isikali Sokuphoqeleka Ngokobulili) sasikhona ayiqinisekisiwe njengensimbi yokuhlola yokulutha kwe-porn. Yadalwa ku-1995 futhi yaklanywa ngocansi olungalawulwa ubudlelwane (kanye nabalingani) engqondweni, mayelana nokuphenya ngendlala yengculazi. I I-SCS ithi:

"Isilinganiso kufanele sibe [siboniswe?] Ukubikezela izinga lokuziphatha kocansi, izinombolo zocansi abalingani bobulili, ukuziphatha kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zocansi, kanye nemigomo yezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi."

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iPrause Study yaphatha uhlu lwemibuzo ezifundweni zesifazane. Kodwa-ke unjiniyela we-SCS uxwayisa ukuthi leli thuluzi ngeke likhombise i-psychopathology kwabesifazane,

“Izinhlangano phakathi kwamaphuzu okuphoqeleka ngokocansi nezinye izimpawu ze-psychopathology zikhombise amaphethini ahlukile kwabesilisa nabesifazane; ukuphoqelelwa ngokocansi kwakuhlotshaniswa nezinkomba ze-psychopathology emadodeni kodwa hhayi kwabesifazane. "

Ngaphandle kokungazi ukuthi yiziphi izihloko ezaziyizigqila ezingcolile, i-Prause Studies yenza hhayi ukuhlola izihloko zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuziphatha okucindezelayo, noma ezinye izidakamizwa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kunoma yikuphi "ukutadisha ubuchopho" ngokulutha, funa ukudideka kunikeze imiphumela engenamqondo. Elinye iphutha elibulalayo ukuthi izifundo zePrause zazingezona ezehlukile. Kade amadoda nabesifazane, kuhlanganise ne-7 abangewona abesilisa nabesifazane, kodwa bonke baboniswa ngendlela ejwayelekile, mhlawumbe engathandekayo, engcolile, yocansi. Lokhu kuphela ukuphulukisa noma yikuphi okutholakele. Kungani? Ukufunda ngemva kokufunda kuqinisekisa ukuthi amadoda nabesifazane banesibalo esikhulu ezahlukene ukuphendula ebuchosheni emifanekisweni yezocansi noma amafilimu. Yingakho abaphenyi abanomdlandla obukhulu balinganisa izihloko ngokucophelela.

Ngokufigqiwe,

• Ucwaningo lufakwe ku-Phendula ku-Gola (Prause et al., 2013) ayihlangene nokuhlola izisusa zabalutha be-porn zokusebenzisa i-porn. Ngokuqinisekile ayihlolisisi ukuthi imilutha yezocansi iyisebenzisa kangakanani i-porn ukuze ibalekele imizwa emibi.
• I-Prause Studies ayihlolisanga ukuthi lezi zihloko zaziyizidakamizwa ezingcolile noma cha. Abalobi bavuma ukuthi eziningi zezifundo zazinzima ukulawula ukusetshenziswa. Zonke lezi zihloko kuzodingeka ziqinisekiswe ukuthi izigqila ze-porn zivumela ukuqhathaniswa okusemthethweni neqembu labamlutha abangenazo izithombe zobulili ezingcolile.
• Zonke izifundo eziphathelene nobuchopho kufanele zibe nezihloko ezifanelana nokuqhathanisa okunembile. Njengoba i-Prause Studies ayizange, imiphumela ayithembekile, futhi ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukukhohlisa noma yini.

Isimangalo 3: Izidakamizwa ze-Porn zimane nje zine- "high sex drive"

UKUSEBENZA: Okwamanje, amamodeli amabili aphoqelelayo athole ukwesekwa okuningi selokhu kwashicilelwa uPrause et al. (2015). Lokhu kufaka phakathi imodeli yokushayela ocansini ephezulu (iWalton, iLykins, neBhullar, i-2016) esekela i-high-drive hypothesis yasekuqaleni (Steele, Prause, Staley, & Fong, 2013). AmaParsons et al. (2015) baphakamise ukuthi ukushayela ucansi okuphezulu kungamela isethi yalezi zinkinga zokubika.

Isimangalo sokuthi imilutha yezocansi kanye nezocansi simane nje "sinesifiso sobulili esiphakeme," sikhohlisiwe ngu Ucwaningo lwamuva lwe-25. Empeleni, uNicole Prause wakhuluma kulokhu I-Quora post ukuthi akasakholelwa ukuthi "imilutha yezocansi" inama-libidos aphezulu:

"Bengingayithandi incazelo eshukumisayo yocansi, kepha lolu cwaningo lwe-LPP esisanda kulushicilela lungenza ngivulekele ukuphoqeleka kwezocansi."

Akunandaba ukuthi yiluphi ucwaningo olubike ukuthi kubalulekile ukubhekana nesimangalo esingamanga sokuthi "isifiso sobulili esiphakeme" sihlangene ngokukhethekile nokulutha kocansi. Ukungabi nangqondo kwayo kuyacaca uma umuntu ecabanga izinto zokucabanga ezisuselwa kwezinye izidakamizwa. (Ukuthola okuningi, bona lokhu kuhlaziywa kwe- USteele, uPrause, uStaley, noFong, 2013 Isifiso esiphakeme ', noma' nje 'umlutha? Ukuphendula Steele et al., 2013). Isibonelo, ingabe umqondo onjalo usho ukuthi ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukungakwazi ukulawula ukudla, nokungajabuli ngokweqile ngakho, kumane nje “kuyisifiso esikhulu sokudla?”

Ukwengeza ngokwengeziwe, umuntu kufanele aphethe ngokuthi imilutha yotshwala imane inesifiso esikhulu sotshwala, akunjalo? Iqiniso ngukuthi bonke abayimilutha "banesifiso esiphakeme" sezinto zabo eziluthayo nemisebenzi (ebizwa ngokuthi "ukuzwela"), Noma ngabe ukuthokozela kwabo imisebenzi enjalo kwehla ngenxa yezinye izinguquko zobuchopho ezihlobene nokulutha (ukungafuneki). Kodwa-ke, akuqedi ukulutha kwabo (okuhlala kuyisifo).

Ochwepheshe abaningi bemilutha bacabanga ukuthi “Ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo naphezu kwemiphumela emibi”Ukuze kube uphawu oluyinhloko lokulutha. Ngemuva kwakho konke, omunye umuntu angaba nokukhubazeka kwe-erectile okubangelwa ucansi futhi angakwazi ukuqhubekela phambili ngaphesheya kwekhompyutha yakhe egumbini likanina ngenxa yemiphumela ye-porn ekukhuthazeni kwakhe nakumakhono akhe okuxhumana nabantu. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwalaba bacwaningi, inqobo nje uma ekhombisa “isifiso sobulili esiphakeme,” akanakho ukulutheka. Le paradigm ayinaki konke okwaziwayo ngokulutha, kufaka phakathi izimpawu nokuziphatha okwabiwe yizo zonke izilonda, njengemiphumela emibi kakhulu, ukungakwazi ukulawula ukusetshenziswa, izifiso, njll.

Ake sibheke ngokucophelela kwizifundo ezi-3 ezikhonjiwe ukuxhasa isimangalo esingenhla "sesifiso esiphakeme":

1. USteele, uPrause, uStaley, noFong, 2013 (Isifiso sobulili, hhayi ukucwasana ngokobulili, kuhlobene nezimpendulo ze-neurophysiological ezenziwe ngezithombe zocansi):

Sixoxe ngalolu cwaningo ngenhla (Steele et al., 2013). Okhulumela i-2013 uNicole Prause wenza izicelo ezimbili zomphakathi ezingasekelwa mayelana Steele et al., 2013:

1. Lezo zifundo 'izimpendulo zobuchopho zihlukile kulezo ezibonakala kwezinye izinhlobo zemilutha (i-cocaine yisibonelo)
2. Labo basebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile babevele "benesifiso sobulili esiphakeme."

Umangalo #1) Ucwaningo lubike ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephakeme lapho izifundo zivezwa ngokufutshane ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile. Izifundo zibonisa njalo ukuthi i-P300 ephakeme kwenzeka uma izilonda zivezwa ezinkomba (njengezithombe) ezihlobene nokulutha kwayo. Lokhu kutholakala kusekela imodeli yokulutha izidakamizwa, njengoba kuhlaziywa kwamaphepha okubuyekezwa kontanga ka-8 Steele et al. wachaza (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) kanye noprofesa wezinkinga zezingqondo UJohn A. Johnson uchaze kumazwana ngaphansi kwe-2013 Psychology Today Ingxoxo ye Prause:

“Ingqondo yami isalokhu ifaka isimangalo sePrause sokuthi ubuchopho babafundi bakhe abuzange buphendule ezithombeni zocansi njengobuchopho babantu abayimilutha yezidakamizwa abasabela emuthini wabo, uma kubikwa ukuthi ubika ukufundwa okuphezulu kwe-P300 kwezithombe zocansi. Njengemilutha ekhombisa ama-P300 spikes lapho ihanjiswa nomuthi wayo wokuzikhethela. Angasithatha kanjani isiphetho esiphikisana nemiphumela yangempela? ”

UDkt. Johnson, ongenalo umbono ngomlutha wobulili, waphawula ngokuphindaphindiwe okwesibili ngaphansi kwengxoxo ye-Prause:

I-Mustanski iyabuza, "Iyini injongo yocwaningo?" Futhi uPrause uyaphendula, "Ucwaningo lwethu luvivinywe ukuthi ngabe abantu ababika izinkinga ezinjalo [izinkinga zokulawula ukubuka kwabo kwe-eerotic online] kubonakala sengathi bangamanye amilutha ezimpendulo zabo zobuchopho ezithombeni zobulili."

Kepha ucwaningo aluzange luqhathanise ukuqoshwa kobuchopho kubantu abanezinkinga ezilawula ukubukwa kwabo kwe-eerotica eku-inthanethi nokuqoshwa kobuchopho okuvela eziluthweni zezidakamizwa nokuqoshwa kobuchopho okuvela eqenjini elilawula okungewona umlutha, obekungaba yindlela esobala yokubona ukuthi ubuchopho buyaphendula yini enkingeni iqembu libukeka njengezimpendulo zobuchopho zemilutha noma ezingewona imilutha… ..

Umangalo #2Okhulumela ucwaningo uNicole Prause uthe abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile babene "sifiso sobulili esiphakeme," kepha ucwaningo lubike ukucubungula okukhulu okwenziwe kabusha kwe-porn okuhambisana Ngaphansi isifiso sobulili obuhlukanisiwe. Ukubeka enye indlela, abantu abane-activation enkulu yobuchopho ezithombeni ezingcolile bangathanda ukushaya indlwabu ocansini kunokuya ocansini nomuntu wangempela. Lokho akulona “phezulu ubulili isifiso. ” Ingcaphuno evela ku- Ukubuyekeza kwami Steele et al. kuthathwe kulokhu Ukubuyekezwa kwe-2015 yalezincwadi:

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiphetho esichazwe ku-abstract, "Impikiswano yokuqonda ubulili obufanayo njengesifiso esikhulu, kunokukhathazeka, kucatshangelwa" [303] (i-1) ibonakala ingekho endaweni ecabangela ukuthi isifundo sithola ukuthi ukuphakama kwe-P300 kwaba kabi ehambisana nesifiso sobulili nomlingani. Njengoba kuchaziwe ku-Hilton (2014), lokhu okuthola "ngokuphambene ngokuqondile nokuchazwa kwe-P300 njengesifiso esiphakeme" [307]. Ukuhlaziywa kukaHilton kuveza ukuthi ukungabikho kweqembu lokulawulwa nokuhluleka kobuchwepheshe be-EEG ukubandlulula phakathi "nesifiso sobulili obuphezulu" nokuthi "ukuphoqeleka ngokobulili" kwenza uSteele et al. okutholakele okungenakuqondakala [307].

Ngezansi: Okutholakele Steele et al., I-2013 empeleni ikhohlise iziphakamiso ezenziwe kwi-Reply to Gola.

2. I-Parsons et al., 2015 (U-Sexual Sexual, Sexual Compulsive, noma U-Sexual Active Active? Ukuphenya amaqembu amathathu ahlukeneko abesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane bobulili obufanayo kanye nemiprofayili yabo ye-HIV-Related Risk Sexual):

Cishe cishe lonke ucwaningo olucashunwe kwiPhendula kuGola, lolu cwaningo lwehlulekile ukuhlola ukuthi yiziphi izifundo, empeleni, ezazingumlutha wezocansi. Kusetshenziswe imibuzo emibili ebuza kuphela ngokuziphatha kocansi: "Isikali Sokuphoqeleka Ngokobulili" (okukhulunywe ngaso ngenhla), kanye ne- "Hypersexual Disorder Screening Inventory." Ayikho imibuzo eyayiqukethe into eyodwa mayelana nokusetshenziswa kocansi lwe-inthanethi, ngakho-ke lolu cwaningo alusitsheli lutho ngalo umlutha we-inthanethi we-inthanethi.

Ngenkathi I-Parsons et al., 2015 ikhathazeka kuphela ngokuziphatha kocansi kwabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane, okutholakele kwayo empeleni kuyiphutha lokuthi "ukuluthwa ngokocansi kumane nje kuyisifiso sobulili esiphakeme." Uma isifiso sobulili esiphakeme nokulutha ngokocansi bekufana, bekungaba neqembu elilodwa kuphela labantu ngesibalo ngasinye. Esikhundleni salokho, lolu cwaningo lubike amaqembu amancane ahlukene, kepha wonke amaqembu abike amazinga afanayo ezenzo zocansi.

Ucwaningo oluqhamukayo lusekela umbono wokuthi ukuphoqeleka ngokobulili (i-SC) kanye ne-hypersexual disorder (HD) phakathi kwabantu abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane (i-GBM) kungahle kuthathwe ngokuthi kunamaqembu amathathu-Akuyona impoqo yezocansi noma i-hypersexual; Ukucindezela kocansi kuphela, futhi Kokubili ukuphoqelelwa ngokocansi kanye ne-hypersexual-okuthatha amazinga ahlukene obukhali kulo lonke ukuqhubeka kwe-SC / HD. Cishe isigamu (48.9%) salesi sampula esisebenza ngocansi sahlukaniswa njenge-SC noma i-HD, i-30% njenge-SC Kuphela, ne-21.1% njengombili i-SC ne-HD. Yize singatholanga mahluko ophawulekayo phakathi kwamaqembu amathathu kunani elibikiwe labalingani besilisa, izenzo zocansi lwendunu….

Kwenziwe lula: Isifiso sobulili esiphakeme, njengoba kulinganiswa ngomsebenzi wezocansi, sisitshela okuncane kakhulu ngokuthi umuntu ungumlutha wezocansi noma cha. Okutholakele lapha ukuthi ukuluthwa ubulili akufani "nesifiso sobulili esiphakeme."

3. UWalton, uLykins, noBhullar, 2016 (Ngaphandle kwe-Sexual Sexual, Ubulili bobulili obuhlukile, nobulili obuhlukile bobulili bobulili obuhlukile):

Kungani le “ncwadi eya kumhleli” icashuniwe kusalokhu kuyindida. Akusona isifundo esibuyekezwa kontanga futhi akuhlangene nokusetshenziswa kocansi, ukulutha kabi kocansi, noma ucansi. Ngabe ababhali bePhendula kuGola badonsa ukubalwa kwabo ngamaphepha angasebenzi?

Ngokufigqiwe:

• Izifundo ezintathu ezikhulunywe azizange zihlole ukuthi ngabe yiyiphi into eyayingumlutha wezidakamizwa noma cha. Ngenxa yalokho, bangasitsheli lutho mayelana nesimangalo sokuthi izilonda zobulili ezingcolile zivele zibe nesifiso sobulili esiphakeme.
• USteele, uPrause, uStaley, noFong, I-2013 ibike ukuthi ukucutshungulwa okukhulu kwe-porn kwakuhlobene Ngaphansi isifiso sobulili nomlingani. Lokhu kugcizelela ukuthi isimangalo sokuthi abantu abahlukunyezwa yi-porn bephezulu ubulili isifiso.
• I-Parsons et al., 2015 ibike ukuthi ezocansi bezingahlobene nezinyathelo zocansi. Lokhu kuyiphutha isimangalo sokuthi "imilutha yezocansi" imane inesifiso sobulili esiphakeme.
• UWalton, uLykins, noBhullar, I-2016 yincwadi eya kumhleli ongekho okuphathelene nendaba eseduze.

Isimangalo se-4: Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Erectile kuyisici esivame kakhulu esiphakanyisiwe sokusetshenziswa kocansi

UKUSEBENZA: Izinhlobo zokulutha ngokuvamile zibikezela imiphumela emibi. Yize ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile kungumphumela omubi ophakanyiswa kakhulu wokusetshenziswa kocansi, izinkinga ze-erectile empeleni aziphakanyisiwe ngokubuka amafilimu ezocansi amaningi (Landripet & Štulhofer, 2015; Prause & Pfaus, 2015; Sutton, Stratton, Pytyck, Kolla, & Cantor, 2015 ).

Isimangalo sokuthi "ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile kungumphumela omubi kakhulu wokusetshenziswa kocansi" asisekelwa. Kuyinto utshani lomuntu njenge:

1. Awekho iphepha elibukezwe kontanga eliye laphawula ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile kungumphumela we- #1 wokusetshenziswa kocansi.
2. Umphumela we- #1 wokusetshenziswa kocansi akukaze uchazwe ephepheni elibuyekezwe kontanga (futhi cishe ngeke libe khona).
3. Lesi simangalo sizibophezela emiphumeleni ye-porn ukusetshenziswa, okungafani nemiphumela ye-porn Ukuba umlutha wezithombe.

Kanjani ayengakwenza Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile kube umphumela we-#1 omubi we-porn ukusetshenziswa lapho isigamu sabantu besifazane sishiywa? Uma ngabe inkinga yobulili ingumphumela owodwa we-porno ukusetshenziswa kufanele ube yi-libido ephansi noma i-anorgasmia, ukuze kufaka abesifazane.

Kunoma yikuphi, isifundo esisodwa kuphela esishiwo empeleni sibonile ukuthi yiziphi izifundo, uma zikhona, zaziyizidakamizwa ezingcolile: I-Sutton, iStratton, iPytyck, iKolla, ne-Cantor, I-2015. Ngempela, yilokho kuphela ukutadisha okukhulunywe kuyo yonke impendulo eya ku-Gola ekhomba noma yikuphi abahlanganyeli bokutadisha njengabadakamizwa bezocansi. Ezinye izifundo ezimbili ezikhulunywe lapha (I-Landripet ne-Štulhofer, I-2015; Ukudumisa & Pfaus, I-2015) asitshele lutho ngobuhlobo phakathi kokulutha kocansi nokuhlukunyezwa kwe-erectile ngoba akahloliswanga ukuthi ngabe yiyiphi into eyayingumlutha wezithombe ezingcolile noma cha. Umsindo ujwayelekile?

Ngakho-ke, ake siqale sihlole okuwukuphela kwesifundo esifanele esikhonjwe kwiPhendula kuGola.

ISutton, iStratton, iPytyck, iKolla, neCantor, 2015 (Ukubekezela kwesimo socansi: Ukubukezwa kweshadi lokulinganisela kwe-115 Amacala abesilisa abathintekayo):

Kuyisifundo sabesilisa (isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala engama-41.5) abafuna ukwelashwa kokuphazamiseka kocansi, njenge-paraphilias nokushaya indlwabu okungapheli noma ukuphinga. I-27 yahlukaniswa ngokuthi "abashaya indlwabu abagwema," okusho ukuthi bashaya indlwabu (imvamisa besebenzisa i-porn) ihora elilodwa noma ngaphezulu ngosuku noma ngaphezulu kwamahora angu-7 ngeviki. U-71% wabasebenzisi be-porn abathintekayo babika izinkinga zokusebenza ngocansi, nokubika kwe-33% kuphuze ukukhishwa kwe-ejaculation (ngokuvamile i-precursor ye-porn-eyenziwe i-ED).

Yikuphi ukungasebenzi kahle kwezocansi ama-38% wamadoda asele anakho? Ucwaningo alusho, futhi ababhali bazishaye indiva izicelo eziphindaphindwayo zemininingwane. Izinketho ezimbili eziyinhloko zokungasebenzi kahle ngokobulili kwabesilisa kuleli qembu leminyaka yi-ED ne-libido ephansi. Amadoda awazange abuzwe ngokusebenza kwawo kwe-erectile ngaphandle kocansi. Imvamisa abesilisa abazi ukuthi bane-porn-bangenise i-ED uma bengenzi ucansi oluhlukanisiwe futhi yonke imiphetho yabo ihlanganisa ukushaya indlwabu ezingcolile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinkinga zocansi kungenzeka ukuthi beziphakeme kune-71% eziluthweni ezingcolile. Kungani Impendulo kuGola icaphune lolu cwaningo njengobufakazi bokuthi "imiphumela emibi" ayihlotshaniswa nokulutha kocansi ihlala iyimfihlakalo.

Sutton et al., I-2015 iye yahlungwa esinye isifundo esisodwa ukuphenya ngqo ubudlelwano phakathi kokungasebenzi kahle kocansi nokusetshenziswa kocansi kwe-inthanethi okunenkinga. Ucwaningo lwe-2016 lwaseBelgium oluvela ocwaningweni oluholayo oluthola ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinkinga ze-inthanethi okunenkinga kuhlotshaniswa nomsebenzi owehlisiwe we-erectile futhi kunciphise ukwaneliseka okuphelele kwezocansi. Noma kunjalo abasebenzisi be-porn abanenkinga babhekana nezifiso ezinkulu. Ucwaningo lubonakala futhi lubika ukwanda, njengoba abesilisa abangama-49% bebuka izithombe zocansi ezithi “bekungakatholakali ngaphambili kubo noma ukuthi babecabanga njengezinengiso. "

Empeleni, ngaphezulu kwezingu-30 sichaze lesi sixhumanisi phakathi kokusebenzisa i-porn / ukulutha kocansi nokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili noma ukunciphisa ukuvusa ucansi. Izifundo zokuqala ze-5 kulolu hlu zibonisa ibangela njengoba abahlanganyeli beqedile ukusetshenziswa kocansi nokuphulukiswa okungavamile kocansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezulu Ucwaningo lwe-60 luxhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn ukwehlisa ukwaneliseka ngokocansi nobudlelwano. Kuzwakala ngathi "imiphumela emibi yokusetshenziswa kocansi" kimi.

Ngenkathi i- "debunking" yokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi okubangelwa ucansi kungathinti ubukhona "bokulutha kabi kocansi," siphendukela eceleni kokuhlola izifundo ezimbili zokuqala ezibalulwe ngenhla ngesimangalo ukuthi kukhona ubudlelwane obuncane phakathi kokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile namazinga wamanje wokusetshenziswa kocansi.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi izifundo ezihlola ubulili besilisa besilisa kusukela ngo-2010 zibika amazinga omlando wokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, namazinga amangazayo wesishayo esisha: i-libido ephansi. Konke kubhalwe ku- leliphepha le-2016 elibukeziwe ngontanga.

Ukudumisa & Pfaus 2015 (Ukubuka i-Stimuli yobulili ehambisana noKuphendula Okukhulu Kokuziphatha Ngokobulili, Ukungasebenzi Kwe-Erectile):

Njengoba lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwephepha akuzange kubone ukuthi yiziphi izihloko ezinjengezilwane ezingcolile zobulili, lokho okutholakele akukwazi ukusekela isimangalo sokuthi imodeli yokulutha izidakamizwa iye yaqedwa. Ukudumisa & Pfaus U-2015 kwakungeyona isifundo nhlobo. Esikhundleni salokho, uPrause wathi uqoqe idatha ezifundweni zakhe ezine zaphambilini, akekho noyedwa owakhuluma ngokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile. Inkinga eyengeziwe: Ayikho idatha ye Ukudumisa & Pfaus (I-2015) iphepha lifanisa idatha kulezi zifundo ezine zangaphambilini. Ukungafani akuyona encane futhi akuchaziwe.

Amazwana womcwaningi uRichard A. Isenberg MD, eshicilelwe ku Imithi Yezocansi Ukufinyelela Okuvulekile, iveza amaningana (kodwa hhayi konke) okungafani, amaphutha, kanye nezimangalo ezingasekelwa (a ukubeka i-critique ichaza ukungafani okuningi). UNicole Prause noJim Pfaus benze izimangalo eziningi ezingamanga noma ezingasekelwa ezihambisana naleli phepha.

Izindatshana eziningi zezintatheli mayelana nalolu cwaningo zathi ukusetshenziswa kocansi kwaholela kangcono ukukhishwa, kodwa akusikho lokho iphepha elikutholile. Ezingxoxweni eziqoshiwe, bobabili uNicole Prause noJim Pfaus bamanga ngamanga bathi babenqume ukulinganisa ebhodini, nokuthi amadoda abesebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile abhekwa ngcono. Ku I-interview ye-Jim Pfaus TV UPfaus uthi:

"Sibheke ukuhlangana kwamakhono abo okuthola ukwakhiwa ebhodini."

"Sithole ukuhlangana kwe-liner nenani le-porn abayibuka ekhaya, futhi ama-latency okuthi ngokwesibonelo bathola ukwakhiwa ashesha."

In le ngxoxo yomsakazo U-Nicole Prause wathi izimiso zokulinganisa zalinganiswa ebhodini. Ukucaphuna okuqondile okuvela kulo mbukiso:

"Lapho abantu bebuka inkanuko ekhaya banezimpendulo ezinamandla ze-erectile ebhodini, hhayi ezincishisiwe."

Kodwa-ke leli phepha alizange lihlole ikhwalithi yokwakhiwa ebhodini noma "isivinini sezinto ezenziwayo." Leli phepha belithi bacele abafana ukuthi balinganisele “ukuvusa inkanuko” yabo ngemuva kokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kafushane (futhi akucaci emaphepheni ayisisekelo ukuthi nalokho kwenzeka impela uma kwenzeka kuzo zonke izifundo). Kunoma ikuphi, ingcaphuno ephepheni uqobo yavuma ukuthi:

"Akukho datha yokuphendula izitho zangasese ezifakiwe ukuxhasa okwenziwe ngabesilisa."

Kwesibili isimangalo esingasekelwe, umbhali ohola uNicole Prause tweeted izikhathi eziningana mayelana nokucwaninga, ukuvumela umhlaba wazi ukuthi izihloko ze-280 zihilelekile, nokuthi "azikho izinkinga ekhaya." Nokho, lezi zifundo ezine eziqukethe izihloko zesilisa ze-234 kuphela, ngakho-ke "i-280" iyahamba.

Isimangalo sesithathu esingasekelwa: UDkt Isenberg wazibuza ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani Ukudumisa & Pfaus U-2015 uqhathanise amazinga okuvuka kwezifundo ahlukene lapho amathathu ezahlukene izinhlobo zesimiso socansi zasetshenziselwa izifundo ze-4 ezizansi. Ucwaningo olubili olusetshenziswa ifilimu ye-3-minute, isifundo esisodwa sasebenzisa ifilimu yesibili ye-20, futhi isifundo esisodwa sisetshenziselwa izithombe. Kuhle ukuthi lokho amafilimu avusa kakhulu kunezithombe, ngakho-ke alikho iqembu elisemthethweni lokucwaninga elingahlanganisa lezi zifundo ndawonye ukuze zenze izimangalo ngezimpendulo zazo. Okushaqisayo ukuthi ephepheni labo iPrause & Pfaus ngokungaqiniseki bathi zonke izifundo ze-4 zisebenzise amafilimu ezocansi:

"I-VSS eyethulwa kulezi zifundo yilawo wonke amafilimu."

Lesi sitatimende singamanga, njengoba kuvezwe ngokucacile ezifundweni eziyisisekelo zikaPrause.

Isimangalo sesine esingasekelwa: uDkt. Isenberg ubuze nokuthi kanjani Ukudumisa & Pfaus U-2015 uqhathanise amazinga ezihloko zezifundo ezahlukahlukene lapho kuphela 1 we-4 izifundo ezisetshenziswayo a I-1 kuya esikalini se-9. Omunye wasebenzisa isikali se-0 kuye ku-7, omunye wasebenzisa i-1 esikalini se-7, kanti isifundo esisodwa asibikanga izilinganiso zokuvusa ucansi. Ukuphinda futhi iPrause & Pfaus ngokungaqondakali bathi:

"Amadoda abuzwa ukuthi akhombise izinga" lokuvusa ngocansi "kusukela ku-1" hhayi nakancane "kuya ku-9" ngokweqile. "

Lokhu nakho kuyiqiniso njengoba amaphepha angaphansi abonisa. Ngokufingqiwe, zonke izihloko ezikhishwe uMdumalo mayelana nezindlela zokuphucula izithombe ezingcolile noma ukuvusa, noma okunye okunye, akufanelekile. Ukudumisa & Pfaus I-2015 iphinde ithi ayitholanga ubuhlobo phakathi kwama-erectile asebenzayo nezibalo ze-porn ezibukwa ngenyanga eyedlule. Njengoba uDkt Isenberg ekhomba:

“Okuphazamisa kakhulu ukushiywa ngokuphelele kwezibalo zesilinganiso somphumela womsebenzi we-erectile. Ayikho imiphumela yezibalo enikeziwe. Esikhundleni salokho ababhali bacela umfundi ukuthi amane akholelwe isitatimende sabo esingaqinisekisiwe sokuthi kwakungekho ukuhlangana phakathi kwamahora ezithombe zocansi ezibukwayo nomsebenzi we-erectile. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuphikisana kwabalobi kokuthi ukusebenza kwe-erectile nomlingani kungathuthukiswa ngokubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ukungabikho kokuhlaziywa kwezibalo kuyinto emangalisa kakhulu. ”

Esimeni sePrause & Pfaus ekuphenduleni kukaDkt Isenberg, baphinde bahluleka ukuhlinzeka nganoma iyiphi idatha ukusekela "isitatimende sabo esingaqinisekisiwe." Njengoba le mibhalo yokuhlaziya, Impendulo yePrause & Pfaus ayigweme nje kuphela ukukhathazeka okusemthethweni kukaDkt Isenberg, iqukethe eziningana new imibono engalungile kanye nezitatimende ezingamanga ezingamanga. Ekugcineni, ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi ezivela odokotela abayisikhombisa baseMelika baseMelika amazwana on Ukudumisa & Pfaus 2015:

"Ukubuyekeza kwethu kufaka namaphepha amabili ka-2015 athi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi kwi-Intanethi akuhlobene nokukhuphuka kwezinkinga zobulili ezinsizweni. Kodwa-ke, lezo zimangalo zibonakala zingakashayi isikhathi lapho kuhlolisiswa la maphepha kanye nokugxekwa okusemthethweni. Iphepha lokuqala liqukethe imininingwane ewusizo mayelana nendima engaba khona yesimo sezocansi ku-ED yentsha [50]. Kodwa-ke, le ncwadi iye yaba ngaphansi kokugxekwa ngokungafani okuhlukile, ukushiyeka nokuhluleka kokusebenza. Isibonelo, asihlinzeki ngemiphumela yezibalo zesiphumo somsebenzi we-erectile isilinganiso ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba udokotela ocwaninga ngokubheka ngokusemthethweni kwephepha, abalobi bamaphepha, "abazange banikeze umfundi ngolwazi olwanele mayelana nesibalo esasifundwa noma izibalo zihlaziya ukuze ziqondise isiphetho sabo" [51]. Ukwengeza, abacwaningi baphenyo amahora ambalwa okubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi ngenyanga edlule. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlolwa kwezilwane ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile kuyi-intanethi kutholile ukuthi ukuhluka kwamahora okubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ku-intanethi kusebenzisa yedwa akuhambisani neze "nezinkinga zokuphila kwansuku zonke", amanothi ku-SAST-R (Ukuvivinya Ngesifo sobulili), futhi izikolo ku-IATsex (ithuluzi okuhlola ukulutha komsebenzi ocansini we-intanethi) [52, 53, 54, 55, 56]. Isibikezelo esingcono ukulinganisa ngokocansi ngokuzithoba lapho ubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi (ukucutshungulwa kwe-cac reactivity), i-correlate esungulwe yokuziphatha komlutha kuzo zonke izidakamizwa [52, 53, 54]. Kukhona nobufakazi obukhulayo bokuthi isikhathi esichithwa kwi-intanethi yokudlala ividiyo asibikezeli ukuziphatha okuluthayo. "Isiyaluyalu singabuyekezwa kuphela uma izisusa, imiphumela nezimo zokuziphatha zokuziphatha ziyingxenye yokuhlola" [57]. Amanye amaqembu amathathu okucwaninga, esebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuthi "ubuhlobo bobulili obuhlukile" (ngaphandle kwamahora asetshenziswayo), ahlobanise kakhulu nezinkinga zocansi [15, 30, 31]. Kuthathwe ndawonye, ​​lolu cwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi kunokumane nje kube “amahora wokusetshenziswa”, okuguquguqukayo okuningi kufaneleke kakhulu ekuhloleni ukulutha / ucansi lwezocansi, futhi kungenzeka futhi ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni ukungasebenzi kobulili okuhlobene nezocansi. ”

Iphepha le-US Navy laqokomisa ubuthakathaka ekuxhumaniseni "amahora wokusetshenziswa wamanje" kuphela ukubikezela ukungasebenzi kocansi okubangelwa ucansi. Inani le-porn elibukwayo njengamanje lingenye yezinto eziguquguqukayo eziningi ezibandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwe-ED eyenziwe ngocansi. Lokhu kungafaka:

1. Ukulinganiswa kokushaya indlwabu ekuziphatheni okubi kobulili nokushaya indlwabu ngaphandle kwe-porn
2. Ukulinganiswa kobulili nomuntu ngokushaya indlwabu ku-porn
3. Izikhala phakathi kobulili obuhlukanisiwe (lapho umuntu encika kuphela ku-porn)
4. Virgin noma cha
5. Inani lamahora wokusetshenziswa
6. Iminyaka yokusetshenziswa
7. Ubudala buqale ukusebenzisa i-porn
8. Ukunyuka kwezihlobo ezintsha
9. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezintambo ezithinta izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile (kusukela ekukhuphukeni kuya kohlobo olusha lwezocansi)
10. Izinga lentando yeningi ngeseshini (okusho amavidiyo wokuhlanganisa, amathebhu amaningi)
11. Ubuchopho obuhlobene nomlutha bushintsha noma cha
12. Ubukhona bobulili obucansi / ukubheja kocansi

Indlela engcono yokucwaninga le nkinga, ukukhipha ukuhluka kwe-intanethi ukusetshenziswa kwe-intanethi nokugcina umphumela, okwenziwe ephepheni le-Navy nakwezinye izifundo ezimbili. Ucwaningo olunjalo lwembula ibangela esikhundleni sokuhlangana okungavamile okuvulekele ekuchazeni okuhlukile. Isayithi lami ibhalwe phansi amadoda ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa abesusa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile futhi alulameka ekudleni okungavamile kobulili.

I-Landripet ne-Štulhofer 2015 (Ingabe Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Ziyasebenzisana Ezihambisana Nezinkinga Zezocansi Nezingqinamba Ezingxenyeni Eziphakathi Kwabesifazane Abashadile? Ukuxhumana Okufushane):

Njengokuthi Ukudumisa & Pfaus, 2015, lokhu "Ukuxhumana Okufushane" kwehlulekile ukukhomba noma yiziphi izifundo njengezidakamizwa ezingcolile. Njengoba kungekho imilutha ye-porn ukuyihlola ngeke ikhohlise "imiphumela emibi" yokulutha kocansi. UMpendulo kuGola wakusho lokho I-Landripet ne-Štulhofer, I-2015 ayitholanga ubudlelwane phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi nezinkinga zobulili. Lokhu akulona iqiniso, njengoba kubhalwe kokubili le YBOP ihlaziya futhi Ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi ze-US Navy:

Iphepha elibili libika ukulingana okuncane phakathi kwemvamisa yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zo-intanethi ezisetshenziswe ngonyaka odlule kanye namanani e-ED kumadoda abesilisa ocansini aseNorway, ePortugal naseCroatia [6]. Laba babhali, ngokungafani nephepha elidlule, baqaphela ukuphakama okuphezulu kwe-ED kumadoda we-40 nangaphansi, futhi ngempela bathole amazinga we-ED nesifiso sobulili aphansi kakhulu njenge-31% ne-37%, ngokulandelana. Ngokuphambene, ucwaningo olungaphambi kokusakaza izithombe zobulili ezingcolile lwe-intanethi olwenziwe ku-2004 ngenye yabalobi bephephandaba libike ama-ED Amanani angu-5.8 kuphela kumadoda 35-39 [58]. Noma kunjalo, ngenxa yokuqhathaniswa kwezibalo, abalobi baphetha ngokuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi azibonakali ziyingxenye enkulu ebungozi bokuthi u-ED osemusha. Lokhu kubonakala sengathi kunzima kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi amadoda asePutukezi ahlolisise abike amazinga aphansi kunazo zonke zokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili uma kuqhathaniswa namaNorway nabaseCroatia, kanti kuphela i-40% yasePutukezi ibike ukuthi isebenzisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ze-intanethi "kusukela izikhathi eziningana ngesonto kuya kwansuku zonke", uma kuqhathaniswa namaNorwegi , I-57%, nama-Croatians, i-59%. Leli phephandaba liye lagxeka ngokuhluleka ukusebenzisa ama-model atholakalayo afanele ukuhlanganisa ubudlelwano obuqondile nokungaqondile phakathi kwezinguquko ezaziwa noma ezithintekayo ukuba zibe emsebenzini [59]. Ngesinye isikhathi, ephepheni elihlobene nesifiso sokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi oluyinkimbinkimbi kufaka phakathi abaningi abahlanganyeli abafanayo kusukela ePortugal, eCroatia naseNorway, la madoda abuzwa ukuthi yiziphi izici eziningi abaye bakholelwa ukuthi zinegalelo ekunakekeleni kwabo ngokocansi kwezinkinga zabo. Phakathi kwezinye izici, cishe i-11% -22% inqume ukuthi "ngisebenzisa izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile" futhi i-16% -26% ikhethe "nginomkhuba wokushaya indlwabu"60].

Njengoba odokotela beNavy bachaza, leli phepha lithole ukuhlangana okubaluleke kakhulu: Ama-40% kuphela amadoda asePutukezi asebenzisa i-porn "kaningi," kanti ama-60% amaNorway asebenzisa i-porn "kaningi." Amadoda amaPutukezi ayenokukhubazeka kocansi okuncane kakhulu kunabantu baseNorway. Mayelana namaCroats, I-Landripet ne-Štulhofer, I-2015 yavuma ubudlelwane obubalulekile phakathi kokusetshenziswa kocansi okuphindaphindiwe no-ED, kodwa bathi isayizi yomphumela yayincane. Kodwa-ke, lesi simangalo singase sidukise ngokusho kwe-MD onguchwepheshe wezibalo futhi unezifundo eziningi:

Ihlaziywe ngendlela ehlukile (i-Chi squared),… ukusetshenziswa okulingene (kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa okungajwayelekile) kukhuphule izingqinamba (amathuba) okuba ne-ED cishe ngama-50% kulaba bantu baseCroatia. Lokho kuzwakala kunengqondo kimi, yize kunelukuluku lokuthi lokho okutholakele kukhonjwe kuphela phakathi kwamaCroats.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, I-Landripet ne-Stulhofer U-2015 akhiphe ukuhlanganiswa okubili okuphawulekayo, omunye wabalobi abafake kuwo inkomfa yaseYurophu. Ubike ukuxhumana okukhulu phakathi kokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile kanye "nokuthanda izinhlobo ezithile zocansi":

“Ukubika ukuthandwa kwezinhlobo ezithile zezithombe zocansi okuhlobene kakhulu ne-erectile (kodwa hhayi ejaculatory noma ehlobene nesifiso) wesilisa sa nezinkinga zobulili. "

Kuyakutshela lokho I-Landripet ne-Stulhofer wakhetha ukuyeka lokhu kuhlanganiswa okuphawulekayo phakathi kokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile nezintandokazi zezinhlobo ezithile ze-porn ezivela ephepheni labo. Kuvame kakhulu ukuthi abasebenzisi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile baqhubekele ezinhlotsheni ezingavumelani nokuthanda kwabo ngokoqobo kocansi, futhi bahlangabezane ne-ED uma lezi zifiso zokuzijabulisa zobulili ezingcolile zingavumelani nokuhlangana kwangempela ngokocansi. Njengoba thina kanye ne-US Navy sibonise ngenhla, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola iziguquguquko eziningi ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kocansi - hhayi amahora nje ngenyanga edlule, noma imvamisa ngonyaka odlule.

Ukuthola okubili okuphawulekayo okushiyiwe yi I-Landripet ne-Stulhofer I-2015 yabandakanyeka abahlanganyeli besifazane:

Isimangalo se-5: Abasebenzisi be-porn zenkolo banokucindezeleka okungaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwabo kobulili kunabakholelwa kuNkulunkulu

UKUSEBENZA: Futhi, ukucindezeleka okuhlobene nokubuka ubulili befilimu kuboniswe ukuthi kuhlobene kakhulu namagugu angaguquki nomlando wenkolo (Grubbs et al., 2014). Lokhu kusekela imodeli yenhlamba yezenhlalo yezinkinga zokubuka ifilimu yocansi.

Lapha umzamo wePhendula kuGola wokukhipha umlutha wezocansi uqhubekela phambili kude nalokho okubhekiswe kukho. Yini okufanele siyenze ngokuthola okubonakala kusobala ukuthi abantu abakholwa ngokujulile babhekana nokucindezeleka okukhulu ngokusetshenziswa kwabo kocansi kunabantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu? Lokhu kutholakala kungamanga kanjani imodeli yokulutha kabi kocansi? Akukwenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo olukhonjiwe aluzange luzibandakanye no “ukucindezeleka okuhlobene nokubukwa kwefilimu yocansi."

Lokho kusho ukuthi, izindatshana eziningana ezibekiwe mayelana nezifundo zikaJoshua Grubbs ("izifundo zokulutha umlutha") zizamile ukudweba isithombe esidukisa kakhulu salokho izifundo zakhe zokulutha umlutha ezibikile empeleni nokuthi lokho okutholakele kusho ukuthini. Ukuphendula lezi zihloko ezingamanga, i-YBOP ishicilelwe lokhu kuhlaziywa okubanzi kwezimangalo ezenziwe emfundweni yokuqapha izidakamizwa nasezihlokweni ezikhohlisayo ezihlobene.

QAPHELA: isifundo esisha (UFernandez et al., 2017) ihlolwe futhi yahlaziywa i-CPUI-9, uhlu lwemibuzo okuthiwa "lubonwa ukulutha kwezithombe zocansi" olwenziwe nguJoshua Grubbs, futhi lwathola ukuthi alunakuhlola ngokunembile "umlutha wangempela wezocansi" or “Umlutha wezocansi obonakalayo” (Ingabe i-Cyber ​​Pornography isebenzisa izibalo ze-Inventory-9 Ebonisa ukunyanzeliseka okwenziwe kuyi-Internet Ezingcolile zobulili? Ukuhlola Umsebenzi Wokuziqeda). Iphinde yathola ukuthi i-1/3 yemibuzo ye-CPUI-9 kufanele ishiywe ukubuyisa imiphumela evumayo ehlobene "nokungavumi kokuziphatha", "inkolo", kanye "namahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi." Okutholakele kuphakamisa ukungabaza okuphawulekayo mayelana neziphetho ezithathwe kunoma yiluphi ucwaningo olusebenzise i-CPUI-9 noma luthembele ezifundweni eziyisebenzisile. Eziningi zezinto ezikhathazayo kanye nokugxekwa kwesifundo esisha kufana nalokhu okuchazwe kulokhu kubanzi I-YBOP ihlaziya.

Grubbs et al., 2014 (Ukuguquka njengesiyaluyalu: Ukwethembeka nokuziphatha okungavumelani njengababikezeli bokulimala okubonakalayo ku-Pornography):

Okuyiqiniso kwalolu cwaningo:

1. Lolu cwaningo lwehlulekile ukukhomba ukuthi ngubani futhi owayengeyena umlutha wezocansi, ngakho-ke akuhambisani nokuhlola imodeli yokulutha kabi kocansi.
2. Ngokuphikisana nalokho okushiwo nguPhendula kuGola ngenhla, lolu cwaningo belungaphathelene nokuthi “ukucindezeleka okuhlobene nokubukwa kwefilimu yocansi.Igama elithi “usizi” alikho ku okungaqondakali kokutadisha.
3. Ngokuphambene noMpendulo kuGola no Grubbs et al., 2014 isiphetho, ukuhleleka okunamandla kokulutha kabi kwezocansi kwaba yimihora yokusetshenziswa kocansi, hhayi inkolo! Bheka lesi sigaba esibanzi namatafula okutadisha, ukuhlangana, nokuthi isifundo sitholani empeleni.
4. Lapho siphula uhlu lwemibuzo ye-Grubbs's drug addiction (CPUI-9), ubudlelwane obuphakathi "kwenkolo" kanye nokuziphatha okuyisisekelo kokulutha (Imibuzo Yokuzama Ukufinyelela i-4-6) ayitholakali. Kalula nje: inkolo ayihlangene ngalutho okwangempela umlutha wezocansi.
5. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubudlelwane obuqinile bukhona phakathi "kwamahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi" kanye ne- umlutha wokuziphatha umlutha njengoba ihlolwe yimibuzo ethi "Imizamo Yokufinyelela" engu-4-6. Kalula: Ukulutha kabi kobulili kuhlobene kakhulu nesilinganiso se-porn ebukwayo.

I-Reply to Gola, ama-blogger afana noDavid Ley, noGrubbs uqobo, babonakala bezama ukwakha meme ukuthi amahloni enkolo ayimbangela "yangempela" yokulutha kwezocansi. Kodwa-ke akulona iqiniso ukuthi izifundo "zokulutha okubonakalayo" ziwubufakazi baleli phuzu lokukhuluma elijwayelekile. Futhi, lokhu kuhlaziywa okubanzi debunks the “Ukuba umlutha wezocansi kuyihlazo lenkolo kuphela" Faka isicelo. Imeme iyawa lapho sicabanga ukuthi:

1. Amahloni enkolo awenzi ushintsho ebuchosheni olufana nalabo abatholakala kwizidakamizwa. Ngokuphambene, kukhona manje Izifundo ze-41 zezinzwa ukubika ukuguqulwa kobuchopho obuhlobene nokulutha kwezidakamizwa kubasebenzisi be-porn abathintekayo / abashayeli bezocansi.
2. Izifundo zokuqaphela umlutha akazange asebenzise isigaba sokunqamula abantu abankolo. Kunalokho, kuphela abasebenzisi be-porn bamanje (okungokwenkolo noma abangakholwa) babuzwa. Ukuziphendulela kokucwaninga kubika izinga eliphansi lokuziphatha kocansi lokuphoqelela nokusetshenziswa kocansi kubantu abakholwayo (funda i-1, funda i-2, funda i-3, funda i-4, funda i-5, funda i-6, funda i-7, funda i-8, funda i-9, funda i-10, funda i-11, funda i-12, funda i-13, funda i-14, funda i-15, funda i-16, funda i-17, funda i-18, funda i-19, funda i-20, funda i-21, funda i-22, funda i-23, funda i-24).
   • Lokhu kusho ukuthi isampula likaGrubbs "labasebenzisi bezithombe ezingamanyala ezingokwenkolo" lincane kakhulu futhi ngokungenakugwenywa libhekiswe kubantu abanezimo esezikhona noma izingqinamba eziyimbangela.
   • Kusho nokuthi "inkolo" iyakwenza hhayi ukubikezela ukulutha kocansi. Esikhundleni salokho, kusobala inkolo ivikela omunye kusukela ekuhlakuleleni umlutha wezocansi.
3. Abaningi abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kanye nama-agnostics ukuthuthukisa umlutha wezocansi. Ucwaningo lwe-2016 emadodeni abesebenzisa i-porno ekugcineni izinyanga zokugcina ze-6, noma ku izinyanga zokugcina ze-3, kubika amanani aphakeme kakhulu okusetshenziswa kokusebenzisa i-porno (28% kokubili izifundo).
4. Ukuba wenkolo akubangeli ukungasebenzi kahle okungapheli kwe-erectile, i-libido ephansi kanye ne-anorgasmia ezinsizweni ezinempilo. Nokho izifundo eziningi ukuxhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kobulili ekubhekaneni nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi nokugculisa ngokocansi, futhi Ama-ED amanani angenakuqondakala ngokuphakanyiswa yi-1000% emadodeni angaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 kusukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile "zeshubhu" zithathe ukunakwa kwababukeli bezithombe zocansi kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2006.
5. Lokhu Ucwaningo lwe-2016 ekwenzeni izidakamizwa ezingcolile zobulili wathola ukuthi inkolo ayihambisani ngezibonakaliso ezingekho embi noma ezinkampanini zemibuzo yokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili. Lokhu Ucwaningo lwe-2016 ekwenzeni ukwelashwa kobulili obufanayo okutholiwe Akukho buhlobo phakathi kokuzibophezela kwezenkolo kanye namazinga okuzibiza ngokobulili nokuziphatha okuhlobene.
6. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi njengoba ubunzima bezokwelapha zabo ezingcolile zobulili beyanda, abantu benkolo bavame ukubuyela emikhosini yenkolo, beya esontweni kaningi, futhi bazinikezele ngokwengeziwe njengendlela yokuthola / ukufuna ukuthola (cabanga nge-12 Steps). Lokhu kuphela kungabangela noma yikuphi ubudlelwane phakathi kokulutha kwezilonda zobulili nokuzikhohlisa.

Ngokufigqiwe:

• Kokubili ukuphendula kwe-Reply to Gola kanye nesifundo esisodwa okukhulunywe ngaso akusho lutho ngefayili yokulutha izidakamizwa.
• Ucwaningo lwe-2014 Grubbs "olubonwa njengomlutha" empeleni luthola ukuthi ukulutha kocansi kwakuhlobene kakhulu nenani le-porn elibukwayo kunokwenkolo.
• Abukho ubufakazi bokuthi "amahloni" enkolo abangela izinguquko zobuchopho ezihlobene nokulutha, kepha nokho lezi zinguquko zitholwe kaningi ku- ubuchopho babasebenzisi bezithombe ezingcolile.
• Kunobufakazi obuningi bokuthi inkolo ivikela empeleni abantu ekusetshenzisweni kocansi ngakho-ke ukuluthwa kocansi.
• Isampula likaGrubbs "labasebenzisi bezithombe ezingamanyala ezingokwenkolo" alihlukanisiwe, ngakho-ke ngokungenakugwenywa libhekise emazingeni aphezulu wezici zofuzo noma izingqinamba eziyimbangela.
• Ucwaningo oluthile lwamuva lubika ukuthi abukho ubuhlobo phakathi kokulutha kwezilonda ezingcolile kanye nenkolo emadodeni afuna ukwelashwa.

buyekeza: izifundo ezimbili ezintsha ziqhuba isigxobo enhliziyweni ye-meme ukuthi "inkolo ibangela ukulutha kwezocansi":

• Ucwaningo olusha luvimbela i-Grubbs CPUI-9 njengensimbi yokuhlola noma "ukubhekwa kobulili ezingcolile zobulili ezingcolile" noma ukulutha kobulili obungcolile (2017)
• Abantu Abankolo Basebenzisa I-Porn Ezingaphansi Kakhulu Futhi Ngeke Bakhona Ukukholelwa ukuthi Bayiyisigqila (2017)

INGXENYE YESIBILI: I-Critique yezimangalo ezimbalwa ezikhethiwe

Isingeniso

Kulesi sigaba sihlola ezimbalwa izitatimende ezingasekelwa nezitatimende ezingamanga ezibekwe kwiPhendula kuGola. Ngenkathi kulinga ukuphonsela inselelo umugqa wePhendula kuGola ngomugqa, ubuthakathaka bawo obukhulu ukuthi izingxabano zawo zimbalwa. Behluleka ukubhekana nokuqukethwe yifayela le- I-YBOP ihlaziya noma ukuhlaziya okubuyekezwa kontanga ka-9 Prause et al. 2015 (kufaka phakathi iMatuesz Gola's): Izibukezo ezibuyekezwa kontanga Prause et al., 2015. Bonke abahlaziyi be-9 bahlaziya lokho Prause et al., 2015 empeleni itholakale ukungafuni noma ukujwayela, okuhambisana nesimo sokulutha. Futhi u-Prause akhuluma ngokucacile: Ngisho noma Prause et al. I-2015 bengatholanga cue-reactivity, kunezifundo ze-21 ze-neurological eziye zabika ukukhishwa kwe-cue-reactivity noma izifiso (sensitization) kubasebenzisi be-porn abacindezelayo. Izifundo zokubika ukuzwela (cue-reactivity & cravings) kubasebenzisi be-porn / imilutha yezocansi: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24. Esikhathini sesayensi, awuhambanga nesifundo somuntu oyedwa - uhamba nokuphazamiseka kobufakazi.

Izitatimende ezilandelayo zePhendula kuGola ziphathelene nokukhathazeka kukaMateusz Gola mayelana ne- Prause et al., I-2015 amaphutha okwenkolo. Amaphutha amaningana amakhulu kulokhu kanye nezinye izifundo ze-Prause zishiya imiphumela yocwaningo kanye nezicelo ezihlobene ngokungabaza okukhulu:

1. Izihloko azizange zihlolwe ukulutha kwezidakamizwa ezingcolile (izihloko ezingahle ziphendule umbuzo owodwa kuphela).
2. Imibuzo esetshenzisiwe ayibuzi ngokusetshenziswa kocansi futhi ibingavumelekile ukuhlola "umlutha wezocansi."
3. Izihloko zazingezansi (abesilisa, abesifazane, abangewona abesilisa nabesifazane).
4. Izihloko azizange zihlolwe izimo eziphazamisayo zengqondo, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, imithi ye-psychotropic, izidakamizwa ezidakamizwa, izidakamizwa zokuziphatha, noma iziphazamiso zokucindezela (noma yikuphi okukodwa okuwukuphela kwezinto ezingabandakanyi).

Phendula Ukumangalela: Prause et al., U-2015 usebenzise indlela "efanele" ekuqokeni nasekuboneni ukuthi yiziphi izifundo eziyimilutha yezocansi futhi Voon et al., 2014 akenzanga.

Akukho okungaqhubeka nokuvela eqinisweni, njenge- Prause et al. indlela yehlulekile kuwo wonke amazinga, ngenkathi Voon et al. basebenzise indlela yokuqapha ekuqashweni, ekuhlolweni nasekuhloleni izifundo zayo "eziyimilutha yezocansi" izihloko (Izihloko Zokuthinteka Kwezocansi).

Isizinda esincane. I-Prause iqhathanisa i isilinganiso Ukufundwa kwe-EEG kwe-55 "imilutha yezocansi" ku isilinganiso Ukufundwa kwe-EEG kwama-67 “angewona imilutha.” Kodwa ukusebenza kwe Prause et al., I-2015 izoxhomeke ngokuphelele ekuqhathaniseni amaphethini okusebenza okubuchopho a iqembu of izidakamizwa ezingcolile kuya ku iqembu of okungewona umlutha. Ukuze izimangalo zikaPrause zokukhohlisa nokuvela kwezihloko ezisolisayo kube semthethweni, konke yezihloko ze-55 zikaPrause bekufanele ngabe bekuyizilutha zangempela zocansi. Akunjalo, hhayi okuningi, kodwa yonke indaba eyodwa (njengoba kwakunguVoon). Zonke izimpawu zikhomba kwinani elihle lezihloko ze-55 Prause ezingezona imilutha. Ingcaphuno evela ku- Steele et al., I-2013 ichaza yonke inqubo yokukhethwa kanye nezinqubo zokungabanjwa eziqashwe kwizifundo ze-3 Prause (Prause et al., 2013,  Steele et al., 2013, Prause et al., I-2015):

“Izinhlelo zokuqala zazifuna ukuthi iziguli ezelashwa imikhuba yokulutha ngokocansi ziqashwe, kodwa i-Institutional Review Board yakwenqabela lokhu kuqashwa ngezizathu zokuthi ukudalula amavolontiya anjalo e-VSS kungadala ukubuyela emuva. Esikhundleni salokho, ababambiqhaza baqashwa emphakathini wasePocatello, e-Idaho nge-inthanethi izikhangisi ezicela abantu ababhekana nezinkinga ezilawula ukubuka kwabo kwezithombe zocansi. "

Yilokho kuphela. Umbandela kuphela wokufakwa wawuphendula ngoyebo embuzweni owodwa: “Ingabe uhlangabezana nezinkinga ezilawula ukubuka kwakho kwezithombe zocansi. ” Okokuqala iphutha elibonakalayo kuhilela umbuzo wokuhlola owenziwe, obuza kuphela ngokubuka ucansi izithombe, hhayi mayelana nokubuka izithombe ze-intanethi, ikakhulukazi amavidiyo asakaza (okubonakala sengathi uhlobo lwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ezenza izimpawu ezinzima kakhulu).

Iphutha elikhulu kakhulu ukuthi i-Prause Studies ayizange ivule izihloko ezinokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ucansi lwezocansi noma i-porn addiction (njengoba Voon et al. wenza). Futhi ayikho izihloko ezingase zibuze ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-pornography kuye kwaba nomthelela omubi empilweni yabo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi babheka izidakamizwa zobulili ezingcolile, noma ngabe babhekene nezibonakaliso ezinjengokulutha umlutha (njengoVoon et al. wenza).

Ungenzi iphutha, futhi Steele et al., I-2013 noma Prause et al., 2015 ichaze lezi zihloko ezingama-55 njengeziyimilutha yezocansi noma abasebenzisa kabi i-porn. Izihloko zivunyelwe kuphela ukuthi zizizwa "zikhathazekile" ngokusebenzisa kwazo i-porn. Ukuqinisekisa ubumbano lwezikhonzi zakhe, uPrause wavuma Inkulumo ye-2013 ukuthi ezinye zezihloko ze-55 zinezinkinga ezincane kuphela (okusho ukuthi zaziyizinkinga hhayi izidakamizwa ezingcolile):

“Lolu cwaningo belubandakanya kuphela abantu ababika izinkinga, kusuka kancane kancane ezinkingeni ezinkulu, ukulawula ukubukwa kwabo kwezinkanuko zobulili ezibukwayo. ”

Efakazela ukungaphumeleli ukubuka izihloko ze-addiction yangempela yezocansi, i-3 Prause Studies inqume ukungayinaki imigomo yokukhishwa evamile evame ukusetshenziswa ezifundweni zokulutha izidakamizwa ukuvimbela izingxabano. I-Prause Studies ayizange:

• Izihloko zesikrini zezimo zengqondo (ukukhishwa okuzenzakalelayo)
• Izihloko zesikrini zezinye izidakamizwa (ukukhishwa okuzenzakalelayo)
• Buza izihloko uma basebenzisa imithi ye-psychotropic (ngokuvamile i-exclusionary)
• Izihloko zesikrini kulabo abasebenzisa izidakamizwa (ukususwa okuzenzakalelayo)

Voon et al., I-2014 yenza konke okushiwo ngenhla nokunye okuningi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi baphenya kuphela izihloko ezinomlutha we-porn. Noma kunjalo Prause et al., 2015 bavuma ukuthi basebenza cha imigomo yokukhipha izihloko:

"Njengoba ubungqingili bungeyona inkinga yokuxilongwa futhi besinqatshelwe ngokucacile ekuqasheni iziguli, akukho mingcele engasetshenziswa ukukhomba abasebenzisi bezinkinga ngamandla"

Kubukeka sengathi ngokubuka kukaPrause ukumane uphendule isikhangiso esinombuzo owodwa kuhlangabezane nenqubo yokukhishwa yezifundo zePrause. Lokhu kusiletha ekukhathazekeni kukaMatuesz Gola mayelana nezifundo zikaPrause ezingezona izilonda zocansi, njengoba bebheka kuphela isilinganiso samahora we-porn we-3.8 ngesonto, kuyilapho izifundo zeVoon zibheka amahora we-13.2 ngesonto:

Mateusz Gola: “Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela ukuthi kuPrause et al. (I-2015) abasebenzisi abanenkinga badla izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngokwesilinganiso se-3.8 h / ngesonto kucishe kufane nabasebenzisi bezithombe zocansi ezingezona inkinga eKühn naseGallinat (2014) abadla ngokwesilinganiso i-4.09 h / ngesonto. KuVoon et al. (2014) abasebenzisi abangenankinga babike u-1.75 h / ngesonto futhi baba nenkinga ngo-13.21 h / ngesonto (SD = 9.85) - idatha eyethulwe yiVoon ngesikhathi somhlangano we-American Psychological Science ngoMeyi 2015. ”

Amahora wokusetshenziswa kocansi ngesonto ngesifundo ngasinye:

• Voon et al: Amahora angu-13.2 (bonke babeyizilutha ezingcolile)
• Kuhn & Gallinat: Amahora angu-4.1 (akekho okwahlukaniswa njengabadakamizwa bezocansi)
• Prause et alAmahora angu-3.8 (akekho owaziyo)

UGola ubuye wacabanga nokuthi izihloko ezingama-55 zikaPrause zingaba yini imilutha yezocansi (ngenhloso "yokukhohlisa ukulutha kocansi") lapho bebuka Ngaphansi izithombe ezingaphezu kuka- Kühn & Gallinat, 2014 okungewona umlutha. Kwenzeka kanjani emhlabeni konke yezihloko zePrause kube "imilutha yezocansi" lapho none we UKühn noGallinat izihloko ziyimilutha yezocansi? Kodwa-ke zibhalwe ukuthi, izifundo kufanele ziqhathaniswe nezifundo zonke ngaphambi kokuthi ufune ukuthi "zikhohlisile" ucwaningo oluphikisanayo. Le yinqubo yesayensi eyisisekelo.

Ngakho-ke, iPrause nenkampani babhekana kanjani nezimbobo eziningi ezishibhile enqubeni yokuqashwa nokuhlolwa kwezihloko zabo? Ngokuhlasela indlela yokuqikelela ye- Voon et al., 2014! Okokuqala, incazelo yenqubo yokuqashelwa, inqubo yokuhlola yokulutha kwezidakamizwa, kanye nenqubo yokuqedwa ekhishwa kuyo Voon et al., 2014 (futhi ubone Schmidt et al., 2016 & Banca et al., 2016):

“Izifundo ze-CSB beziqashwa ngezikhangiso ezisuselwa ku-inthanethi nangokudluliselwa kwabelaphi. Kwaqashwa i-HV yesilisa ehambisana nobudala kusuka ezikhangisweni ezenzelwe umphakathi endaweni yase-East Anglia. Zonke izifundo ze-CSB zaxoxwa nodokotela wezifo zengqondo ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi ziyazifeza izindlela zokuxilonga ze-CSB (kuhlangatshezwane nenqubo yokuhlonza ehlongozwayo yokuphazamiseka kokubili kwe-hypersexual [Kafka, 2010; Reid et al., 2012] nokulutha ngokocansi [Carnes et al., 2007]), egxile ekusetshenzisweni okuphoqelekile kwezinto ezibonakalayo zobulili ezitholakala kuyi-intanethi. Lokhu kwahlolwa ngokusebenzisa inguquko eguquliwe ye-Arizona Sexual Scale Experiences (ASES) [Mcgahuey et al., 2011], lapho imibuzo ephendulwa khona ngezinga le-1-8, enezici eziphakeme ezimelela ukukhubazeka okukhulu kakhulu. Njengoba inikezwe uhlobo lwama-cues, zonke izihloko ze-CSB ne-HV zazingamaduna futhi zithandana ngokobulili. Yonke i-HV yayineminyaka yobudala (± 5 ubudala ubudala) nezihloko ze-CSB. Izihloko nazo zihlolwe ukuhambisana nemvelo ye-MRI njengoba senze ngaphambilini [Banca et al., 2016; Mechelmans et al., 2014; Voon et al., 2014]. I-criteria yokuxoshwa ihlanganiswe ibe ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-18, ibe nomlando we-SUD, ngokuba ngumsebenzisi ojwayelekile wamanje wezinto ezingekho emthethweni (kufaka phakathi i-cannabis), nokuba nesifo esibucayi esingokwemvelo, okubandakanya ukucindezeleka okukhulu okunamandla noma ukucindezeleka okucindezelayo, noma umlando we-bipolar disorder noma i-schizophrenia (ihlolwe ngokusebenzisa i-Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory) [Sheehan et al., 1998]. Ezinye izidakamizwa zokucindezela noma zokuziphatha nazo zazingekho. Izihloko zihlolwe ngumhlengikazi mayelana nokusetshenziswa okunzima kokugembula kwe-intanethi noma ezokuxhumana, ukugembula ngokwemvelo noma ukuthenga ngokweqile, ubuntwana noma umuntu omdala ukukhathazeka kokungaboni kahle kokugula, nokuxilongwa kwesifo sokuzibulala. Izihloko zaqedela uPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale [u-Whiteside noLynam, 2001] ukuhlola ukungabi nomqondo, kanye ne-Beck Depression Inventory [u-Beck et al., 1961] ukuhlola ukucindezeleka. Izihloko ezimbili ze-23 CSB zithatha izidakamizwa zokucindezeleka noma zine-disorbid generalized anxiety disorder kanye ne-phobia social (N = 2) noma i-phobia yomphakathi (N = 1) noma umlando wobuntwana we-ADHD (N = 1). Imvume ebhaliwe enolwazi yatholakala, futhi isifundo savunywa yiKomidi Lokuziphatha Lezunivesithi laseCambridge. Izifundo zikhokhelwe ngokubamba kwabo iqhaza. ”

“Kufundwe amadoda angama-25.61 abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesilisa abane-CSB (abaneminyaka engama-4.77 (SD 19) neminyaka engu-23.17 (iminyaka engu-5.38 (SD 2)) abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane abaphila nobulili obufanayo ngaphandle kwe-CSB. Ifayela le-S1). I-25 eyengeziwe ubudala ubudala (i-25.33 (SD 5.94) iminyaka) amavolontiya abesilisa abesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane aphilile ahlaziya amavidiyo. CSB izifundo libike ukuthi ngenxa ukusetshenziswa okweqile izinto ezibonisa ucansi, okwakusele imisebenzi ngenxa zisebenzisa emsebenzini (N = 2), ezilimele ubuhlobo obuseduze noma omubi ukuthonywa leminye imisebenti yetenhlalo (N = 16), ayekuthola sancipha libido noma Erectile umsebenzi ikakhulukazi ubudlelwano ngokomzimba abesifazane (nakuba hhayi ubuhlobo ezintweni eziveza ubulili ingcaca) (N = 11), wasebenzisa escorts ngokweqile (N = 3), wazibonela ideation ukuzibulala (N = 2) futhi usebenzisa isamba esikhulu (N = I-3; kusuka ku-£ 7000 kuya ku-£ 15000). Izifundo eziyishumi kungenzeka noma ziselulekwa ngokuziphatha kwabo. Zonke izihloko zibike ukushaya indlwabu kanye nokubukwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo zocansi ezitholakala kuyi-intanethi. Izihloko zabika nokusetshenziswa kwezinsizakalo zokuhambisa (N = 4) kanye ne-cybersex (N = 5). Ngenguqulo eguquliwe ye-Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale [43], Izihloko ze-CSB uma kuqhathaniswa namavolontiya anempilo ayebhekene nobunzima obukhulu kakhulu ngokuvuswa kobulili nokuthola ubunzima obuningi bokungena ebuhlotsheni obuseduze kodwa hhayi ekuhloliseni ngokobulili (Ithebula le-S3 Ifayela le-S1). "

Impendulo eya ku-Gola excerpt attacking Voon et al., I-2014:

“UGola uphawula ukuthi amahora wokusetshenziswa kwamafilimu abonakale ephansi kubahlanganyeli bethu kunezinye izifundo ezimbili zokusetshenziswa kwezinkinga. Siveze lokhu ephepheni lethu (isigaba esiqala “Iqembu eliyinkinga libike kakhulu kakhulu…”). UGola uthi isampula yethu yabasebenzisi bezinkinga ibike amahora ambalwa wokubuka ifilimu yocansi kunesampula yenkinga evela kuVoon et al. (2014). Kodwa-ke, uVoon et al. kuqokelwe ngqo ababambiqhaza abanamahloni ezocansi, kufaka phakathi izikhangiso kumawebhusayithi ahlazekile mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamafilimu ezocansi, "amadoda afuna ukwelashwa" yize "ukusetshenziswa kocansi" kungaziwa yi-DSM-5, nangokwezimali ngumbukiso wethelevishini obiyelwe njengoba "ukulimala" kwe "porn". Labo abathola amalebula okulutha bakhonjiswe ukuthi banomlando wamagugu olondolozo lomphakathi kanye nenkolo ephezulu (iGrubbs, i-Exline, iPargament, iHook, neCarlisle, i-2014). Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi iVoon et al. (2014) isampula ibonakala ngamahloni aphezulu ezocansi emiphakathini eku-inthanethi ekhuthaza ukubikwa kokusetshenziswa okuphezulu. Futhi, ukusetshenziswa kwe- "porn" kuhlolwe ngesikhathi senhlolokhono ehleliwe, hhayi uhlu lwemibuzo oluhleliwe. Ngakho-ke, ama-psychometrics nokubandlulula okungafakwanga okuvela engxoxweni ehlelekile akwaziwa. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuqhathanisa izinyathelo zokusebenzisa amafilimu ezocansi phakathi kwezifundo. Isu lethu lokukhomba amaqembu liyahambisana nomsebenzi ocashunwa kabanzi okhombisa ukubaluleka kwesimo sosizi ezinkingeni zezocansi (iBancroft, Loftus, & Long, 2003). ”

Lokhu akuyona nje i-web yezitatimende zamanga ezifakwe kalula nezimangalo ezingavumelekile ezibalwe ukuphambukisa ukunaka komfundi kude nenqubo yokuhlola yokuntuleka kaPrause. Siqala ngo:

Phendula ku-Gola: Nokho, Voon et al. ngokuqondile waqoqa abahlanganyeli okusezingeni eliphezulu ngehlazo kobulili, kuhlanganise izikhangiso kumawebhusayithi ihlazo ezisekelwe mayelana nokusebenzisa ubulili-ifilimu, "impatho-efuna" amadoda naphezu "porn" sebenzisa hhayi recognized DSM-5, futhi ngezimali ngumuntu lwethelevishini anezinhlaka njengoba "ukulimala" kwe "pornography."

Okokuqala, impendulo ethi Gly to Gola ayibuniki ubufakazi obusekela isimangalo sokuthi ababambiqhaza babhekana “namahloni aphezulu ezocansi” noma baqashwa kwababizwa ngamawebhusayithi abizwa ngokuthi “amahloni.” Lokhu akuyona nje inkulumo-ze engenasisekelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iPrause Study yathatha izihloko ezivela ePocatello, Idaho engaphezulu kwama-50% Mormon. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi izifundo zikaPrause zathola amahloni noma ukuzizwa enecala maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwazo kocansi, ngokungafani nezihloko zeVoon eziqashwe obala e-UK.

Okwesibili, iningi labahlanganyeli beVoon ngamashumi ukufuna ukwelashwa kokulutha kabi kocansi nokudluliswa ngabelaphi. Iyiphi indlela engcono yokuqinisekisa izihloko ezinemilutha yezocansi? Kuyamangaza kakhulu ukuthi iPhendula kuGola ibingakuphendula lokhu njengokubi (kunokuba kube namandla angenakuphikiswa), lapho iPrause Study ifuna ukusebenzisa kuphela "Abafuna ukwelashwa" abayimilutha yezocansi, kodwa bavinjelwa ibhodi lokubuyekeza eyunivesithi. Kuthathwe ocwaningweni lokuqala lwe-Prause EEG:

Steele et al., 2013: "Amalungiselelo okuqala abizwa iziguli ekwelapheni ukulutha ngokobulili ukuba ziqashwe, kodwa i-Institutional Review Board yakwenqabela lokhu kuqashwa ngezizathu zokuthi ukudalula amavolontiya anjalo ku-VSS kungahle kubangele ukubuyela emuva. ”

Okwesithathu, impendulo eya kuGola igxila emangeni amanga ngokusho lokho Voon et al. U-2014 uxhaswe "ngumbukiso wethelevishini." Njengoba kushiwo ngokusobala ku- I-Voon et al., 2014, isifundo sixhaswe ngu “I-Wellcome Trust":

I-Voon et al., I-2014: "Imali: Imali ehlinzekwa ngu-Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellowship grant (093705 / Z / 10 / Z). UDkt Potenza uxhaswe ngokwengxenye yimixhaso engu-P20 DA027844 kanye no-R01 DA018647 evela ezikhungweni zezeMpilo zikazwelonke; uMnyango Wezwe LaseConnecticut Wezempilo Yengqondo Nezinsizakalo Zomlutha; Isikhungo Sezempilo Yengqondo SaseConnecticut; kanye ne-Center of Excellence in Gambling Research Award kusuka ku-National Center for Responsible Gaming. Abaxhasi babengenayo indima ekwakhiweni kocwaningo, ekuqoqeni idatha nasekuhlaziyeni, esinqumweni sokushicilela, noma ekulungiseleleni lo mbhalo wesandla. ”

Lokhu kulandelwa izitatimende ezingamanga ezingaphezulu futhi ezidukisayo. Isibonelo, impendulo eya ku-Gola iphonswa kwenye into engamanga mayelana ne Voon et al. Indlela yokuqasha / yokuhlola:

Phendula ku-Gola: Futhi, ukusetshenziswa "kwe-porn" kuhlolwe ngesikhathi sokuxoxwa okuhleliwe, hhayi uhlu lwemibuzo elungisiwe.

Amanga. Ekuhloliseni izifundo ezingenzeka Voon et al., I-2014 isetshenzisiwe ezine Imibuzo eqinisekisiwe futhi basebenzise inkhulumomphendvulwano ejulile yesifo sengqondo. Okulandelayo incazelo encishisiwe yenqubo yokuhlola ethathwe kusuka Banca et al., 2016 (I-CSB yizinto ezithintekayo ngokocansi):

I-Voon et al., I-2014: Izihloko ze-CSB zazinjalo ihlolwe usebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-sex screening (ISST; I-Delmonico noMiller, i-2003) kanye ne-questionnaire eyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlola imibuzo efaka izinto eziphathelene nobudala bokuqala, imvamisa, ubude, imizamo yokulawula ukusetshenziswa, ukuziyeka, izindlela zokusebenzisa, ukwelashwa nemiphumela emibi. Abahlanganyeli be-CSB baxoxwa yi-psychiatrist ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bafezekisa amaqoqo amabili e-CSB (indlela ehlongozwayo yokuhlonza i-Hypersexual Disorder; indlela yokulutha ngokocansi; I-Carnes et al., I-2001; I-Kafka, i-2010; Reid et al., 2012), egxile ekusetshenzisweni okuphoqelekile kwezinto ezibonakalayo zocansi eziku-inthanethi. Lezi zinqubo zigcizelela ukwehluleka ukunciphisa noma ukulawula ukuziphatha kocansi, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe zocansi, ngaphandle kwezinkinga zenhlalo, ezezimali, ezengqondo nezemfundo noma ezomsebenzi. Incazelo eningiliziwe yezimpawu ze-CSB ichazwe ku- Voon et al. (I-2014).

Kuyethusa ukuthi uPhendula kuGola angalinga ukuqhathanisa inqubo yokuhlola engekho nhlobo esetshenziswe kwiPrause Study (izifundo ziphendule umkhangiso wombuzo owodwa) ngezinqubo eziphelele, zokuhlola izazi ezisetshenziselwe Voon et al., 2014:

1. Ukuhlolwa kocansi nge-Internet, I-Delmonico noMiller, i-2003
2. Uxoxwe ngumhlengikazi osebenzisa isisindo sokulutha ngokocansi kusukela kumbuzo we-3 kakhulu asetshenziswa kabanzi: I-Carnes et al., I-2001; I-Kafka, i-2010; Reid et al., 2012)
3. Inhlolovo eyinkimbinkimbi eyenziwe yophenyo ngemininingwane kufaka phakathi ukuqala, imvamisa, ubude, imizamo yokulawula ukusetshenziswa, ukuziyeka, amaphethini wokusetshenziswa, ukwelashwa nemiphumela emibi.

Ngalokhu, le nqubo yayiwukuphela kokuhlola ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kukhona ukulutha kabi kocansi; Voon et al. akugcinanga lapho. Ama-questionnaire amaningi nezingxoxo zakhipha labo abanezimo zengqondo, izidakamizwa noma izilingo zokuziphatha, i-OCD noma ukuphazamiseka okucindezelayo, kanye nabahlukumeza izidakamizwa zamanje noma ezedlule. Abaphenyi bePrause Studies abenzanga lutho lwalokhu.

Ekugcineni, impendulo eya ku-Gola ivuselela isimangalo esingasekelwa sokuthi umlutha wezocansi akuyona into engokwenkolo,

Phendula ku-Gola: "Labo abathola amalebula okulutha bakhonjiswe ukuthi banomlando wokuziphatha okulondolozayo emphakathini kanye nenkolo ephezulu (iGrubbs, i-Exline, iPargament, iHook, neCarlisle, ka-2014)."

Ukubambisana okubambene phakathi kokulutha kwezidakamizwa nokuzikhohlisa kwakunjalo okubhekiswe ngenhla futhi ihlelwe kahle kulokhu ukuhlaziywa okubanzi of the Joshua Grubbs impahla.

Impendulo kuGola igxeka iphutha elikhulu Prause et al., I-2015: Ukungafani okungahambisani kwezihloko

Ukuhlaziywa kwezifundo ze-EEG eziphikisayo zikaNicole Prause (Steele et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2015) baphakamise ukukhathazeka okukhulu mayelana nokuhlukahluka kwezithombe zocansi "ezikhathazekile" zisebenzisa izihloko. Izifundo ze-EEG zazibandakanya abesilisa nabesifazane, abesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane nabangewona abesilisa nabesifazane, kepha abacwaningi babakhombisa zonke izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezijwayelekile, mhlawumbe ezingathandeki. Lokhu kubalulekile, ngoba kwephula inqubo ejwayelekile yezifundo zokulutha, lapho abacwaningi bekhetha khona okufanayo izifundo ngokobudala, ubulili, ukuma, ngisho nama-IQ afanayo (more iqembu elilawula ukufanelana) ukuze ugweme ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukuhlukana okunjalo.

Ngamanye amazwi, imiphumela 2 Bheka izifundo bathembele phezu kwesisekelo sokuthi abesilisa, nabesifazane, futhi okungezona abobulili obuhlukile akahlukile e izimpendulo zabo ubuchopho kuzithombe zocansi. Kodwa ukutadisha emva kokufunda kuqinisekisa ukuthi abesilisa nabesifazane baye baphenduka ngokuhluke kakhulu ebuchosheni ngezithombe zobulili noma amafilimu. UGola wayazi lokhu futhi wakhuluma ngalokhu okungahambi kahle emanzini:

Mateusz Gola: "Kuyafaneleka ukuphawula ukuthi abalobi babonisa imiphumela yabathintekayo besilisa nabesifazane ndawonye, ​​kanti ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi ukulinganisa izithombe zocansi zokuvusa kanye ne-valence kuhluke ngokuphawulekayo phakathi kwabesilisa (bona: Wierzba et al., 2015). ”

Ngendlela yokuziphendulela, impendulo eya kuGola igxila le ndlovu ekamelweni: owesilisa nowesifazane ubuchopho uphendule ngokungafani neze nesithombe socansi. Esikhundleni salokho, impendulo eya ku-Gola isitshela ukuthi bobabili amadoda nabesifazane bavuswa yisithombe socansi, namanye amaqiniso angabalulekile:

“UGola uthi imininingwane yabantu besilisa nabesifazane akumele yethulwe ndawonye, ​​ngoba abaphenduli ezinqubweni ezifanayo zocansi. Empeleni, izintandokazi zabesilisa nabesifazane zezenzo zocansi ziyagqagqana kakhulu (UJanssen, Carpenter, & Graham, 2003). Njengoba sichazile, izithombe zenzelwe ukulinganisa ukuvusa ucansi ngokobulili kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Izithombe "zocansi" ezivela ku-International Affective Picture System zanezelwa, ngoba zenziwa njengezothando kunokobulili ngabesilisa nabesifazane (Spiering, Everaerd, & Laan, 2004). Okubaluleke kakhulu, ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi umehluko ezilinganisweni zokuvusa inkanuko yobulili obangelwa ubulili uqondakala kangcono njengobangelwa idrayivu yezocansi (Wehrum et al., 2013). Njengoba isifiso sobulili sasiyisandulela ngqangi ocwaningweni, kwakungafanele ukuhlukanisa imibiko evusa inkanuko ngokwazi okuxakayo: ubulili. ”

Impendulo engenhla ayihlangene nokugxeka kukaMateusz Gola: Uma ubuka ubuchopho obufanayo besilisa nabesifazane obubonisa ubuchopho buhluke kakhulu (i-EEG) namaphethini wegazi (fMRI). Isibonelo, lokhu Ucwaningo lwe-EEG ithole ukuthi abesifazane banokufundwa okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-EEG kunamadoda lapho bebuka izithombe ezifanayo zocansi. Awukwazi ukulinganisa ukufundwa kwe-EEG kwabesilisa nabesifazane, njengoba kwenziwa yiPrause Study, futhi ugcine unanoma yini ezwakalayo. Futhi awukwazi ukuqhathanisa izimpendulo zobuchopho zeqembu elixubekile nezimpendulo zobuchopho zenye iqembu elixubekile, njengoba kwenza iPrause Studies.

Kunesizathu sokuthi kungani kungekho neyodwa ye- ishicilelwe izifundo zezinzwa kwabasebenzisi be-porn (ngaphandle kwamaPrause) abesilisa nabesifazane abahlanganisiwe. Njalo ucwaningo olulodwa lwezinzwa lwalubandakanya izihloko ezazingabobulili obufanayo nobulili obufanayo. Ngempela, uPrause ngokwakhe wathi isifundo sangaphambili (2012) ukuthi abantu bahluka ngokuphawulekayo ekuphenduleni kwabo izithombe zocansi:

“Izinto ezishukumisela ifilimu zisengozini yokwehluka ngakunye uma kubhekwa izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zesikhuthazi (i-Rupp & Wallen, 2007), ukuthanda okuqukethwe okuthile (iJanssen, Goodrich, Petrocelli, & Bancroft, 2009) noma imlando yomtholampilo eyenza izingxenye zesikhuthazi esiphikisayo ( UWouda et al., 1998). ”

"Noma kunjalo, abantu bazohluka kakhulu ezimeni ezibukwayo eziveza inkanuko yokuya ocansini kubo (uGraham, Sanders, Milhausen, & McBride, 2004)."

A 2013 Ukutadisha ukuthandaza wathi:

"Izifundo eziningi zisebenzisa uhlelo oludumile lwe-International Affective Picture System (Lang, Bradley, & Cuthbert, 1999) sebenzisa inqubo ehlukile kubantu nabesifazane kusampula yabo. "

Kumele kulindeleke ukuhluka okukhulu ngeqembu lezinhlobonhlobo zobulili (abesilisa, abesifazane, abangewona abesilisa nabesifazane), enikeza ukuqhathanisa neziphetho zohlu olwenziwe kwi-Prause Studies engathembeki.

Iqoqo lezinhlolovo eziqinisekisa ukuthi ubuchopho besilisa nabesifazane basabela ngokuhluke kakhulu emfanekisweni ofanayo wezocansi:

• Ukwahlukana kobulili ekuvusweni ngokocansi kanye nezimpendulo ezithintekayo ku-Erotica (2013)
• Ukuhlukana kocansi ekusebenziseni ubuchopho ukuvuselela ngokomzwelo: ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta-analysis studies (2012)
• Umsebenzi wezinzwa zesikhumba ozwela isikhumba kubantu ngesikhathi sokuchazwa kwezithombe ezithwele ngokomzwelo: umehluko wobulili (2014)
• I-potentially late potential (LPP) ekuphenduleni izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomzwelo nogwayi ezithinta ababhemayo: ukuqhathanisa okuqukethwe (2013)
• Ukuhlukana kobulili ekuhlanganiseni phakathi kwe-nucleus accumbens ne-cortex ebonakalayo ngokususa okucacile okubonakalayo: isifundo se-fMRI (2015)
• Ukuthinta isithombe sengqondo: Ukungafani kobulili ku-cortex ebonakalayo? (I-2014)
• Okuncamelayo kokuqukethwe kocansi kwezinto ezibonakalayo zocansi (2009)
• Ukuhlukana kocansi emaphethini okuvuka ngokobulili: ukulinganisa izinto zokulinganisa noma izenzakalo zangempela? (I-2009)
• Ukuhlukana ngokocansi ekubukeni kwesimo socansi: isifundo sokulandelela amehlo kula madoda nabesifazane (2007)
• Abesilisa nabesifazane bahluke ekuphenduleni kwe-amygdala ekuthandweni kocansi okubukwayo (2004)
• Imiphumela yezobulili nobuhlobo bomongo ezindabeni ezilalelwayo ezithinta isenzo socansi nokuziphendulela ngokobulili kubantu besifazane nabesilisa nabesifazane (2012)
• Ukuhlukana kobulili ekubonweni okukwenzakalayo okungahambi kahle (2007)
• Ukuhlukana kobulili ekuphenduleni ukuThuthukiswa kocansi okubukwayo: Ukubuyekezwa (i-2007)
• Izimpendulo zokuziphatha kwekhanda ezenzweni zobulili ezibukwayo (2008)
• Ingabe ukuvezwa kwe-subliminal ngezenzo zobulili kunemiphumela efanayo kumadoda nabesifazane? (I-2007)
• I-FMRI Study of Responses kuya Stimuli Yocansi njengomsebenzi wobulili kanye nesisindo okufunayo: Ukuhlaziywa kokuQala (2016)
• I-Potential Positive Possible (LPP) ekuphenduleni Izinhlobo Eziguquguqukayo Zemizwelo Yomzwelo Ne-cigarette In-Smokers: Ukuqhathaniswa Okuqukethwe
• Imiphumela Yezimo Ezimnandi Zokubhekana Nezimo Ezimbi Nezinyathelo Ezenzakalelayo Ngesikhathi Ukuvezwa Kwe-Erotica (2016)
• Isisekelo se-neural sokuhlukana kobulili ekuziphatheni ngokocansi: Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta-analysis (2016)
• Ukujwayela ukulala ngokobulili kumaslayidi nefilimu (1995)

Ngokufingqa, i-Prause Studies yahlushwa amaphutha amakhulu endlela yokwenza imibuzo imibuzo yezifundo kanye nezimangalo zabalobi mayelana "nokukhohlisa" imodeli yokulutha kabi kocansi:

1. Izihloko zazi ayingqayizivele (abesilisa, abesifazane, abangewona abesilisa nabesifazane)
2. Izihloko zazi hhayi ukuhlolelwa ukulutha kwezilonda, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa, noma izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa nokuziphatha
3. Imibuzo yaba ayiqinisekisile ukulutha kwe-porn noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-porn