Mutu wa "Nicole Prause" wa "Nicole Prause" (2019)

Introduction

Ndemanga ya Nicole Prause ya masamba 4 ingapezeke apa . Ndi imodzi mwa ndemanga zingapo (makamaka zochokera kwa ogwirizana ndi Prause, monga David Ley, Taylor Kohut ndi Sam Perry) pa pepala ili: Ndondomeko Yabungwe Yokhudza Mphamvu ya Zolaula pa Ubwino Wogonana Wa Nthawi Yaifupi Mosiyana ndi Ubwino Wogonana Wa Nthawi Yaitali ( Leonhardt et al. , 2018) . Olemba ndemanga awa sakusamala mfundo yaikulu ya Leonhardt et al . yakuti " mitundu ingapo ya zolaula zimatha kusokoneza khalidwe logonana la nthawi yayitali. "

Komabe, pali umboni wochuluka wotsimikizira zomwe Leonhardt et al . ananena:

Kodi Prause, Ley, Kohut, ndi Perry akupereka chiyani kuti athetse kuchuluka kwa kafukufuku wofufuza? Zosokoneza, mfundo zosafunikira, ndi mapepala angapo osankhidwa bwino, omwe sangafufuzidwe bwino. Mu kampeni yogwirizana, pomwe olemba onse anayi amatchulana, amanena kuti kuseweretsa maliseche, osati kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula, ndiye chifukwa chenicheni cha mavuto onse a ubale ndi zovuta zogonana. Chithandizo chawo chokha cha mawu odabwitsa awa ndi pepala lokhalo lolembedwa ndi Samuel Perry. Silinakhale ndi zambiri zolondola pa kuchuluka kwa kuseweretsa maliseche, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zomwe akunenazo ndi lingaliro chabe pakadali pano. Palibe umboni wokwanira wotsimikizira zomwe akunena kuti kuseweretsa maliseche, osati kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti, ndiye chifukwa chake, koma pali umboni wotsutsana kwambiri (onani pamwambapa). Kuphatikiza apo, palibe katswiri wa urologist amene amavomerezana ndi akatswiri a zachiwerewere awa kuti kuseweretsa maliseche kumayambitsa kusagwira ntchito zogonana - ndipo Prause amadzitsutsa yekha mu ndemanga yokha ponena kuti kuseweretsa maliseche "kumawoneka kuti kumawongolera thanzi lonse."

Ndikofunikira kuzindikira wolemba Chithunzi cha Nicole ali maubale oyandikana ndi zolaula ndipo wamangika chifukwa cha PIED yolemetsa, atapumira a Nkhondo ya zaka 3 pa pepala ili la maphunziro, pomwe nthawi yomweyo amazunza komanso kupusitsa anyamata omwe achira ku zolaula zomwe zimayambitsa zolaula. Onani zolemba: Gabe Deem #1, Gabe Deem #2, Alexander Rhodes #1, Alexander Rhodes #2, Alexander Rhodes #3, Mpingo wa Nowa, Alexander Rhodes #4, Alexander Rhodes #5, Alexander Rhodes #6, Alexander Rhodes #7, Alexander Rhodes #8, Alexander Rhodes #9, Alexander Rhodes # 10,  Gabe Deem & Alex Rhodes pamodzi, Alexander Rhodes # 11, Alexander Rhodes #12, Alexander Rhodes #13.

Ndemanga ya Prause ndi njira yosatsutsika yothetsa mavuto ambiri okhudzana ndi zolaula pa intaneti. Pembedzero limalimbikitsa lingaliro loti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikopindulitsa… kwa aliyense ... pamsinkhu uliwonse. Kupatula pazomwe zolaula zimakhala zotetezeka kwa ana (pansipa), ndemanga ya Prause siyopitilira pang'ono ndi zidutswa zomwe zidatengera zidutswa zitatu zoyambirira za Pembedzero, zomwe YBOP idatsutsa:

  1. Pofufuza za pafupifupi mfundo iliyonse yolankhulirana ndi phunziro la chitumbuwa la Prause, Kohut ndi Ley, talingalirani, onani mndandanda waukulu wa chidutswa cha 2018 chofalitsidwa mumagazini ya SLATE: Debunking "N'chifukwa Chiyani Timakayikirabe za Kuonera Zolaula?? ", Ndi Marty Klein, Taylor Kohut, ndi Nicole Prause.
  2. Kuti mupeze ndemanga zotsutsa mu liwu la Prause la mawu a 240 Lancet onani yankho lalikululi: Kufufuza kwa "Deta sizimagwirizana ndi kugonana monga addictive"(Prause et al., 2017).
  3. YBOP yayamba kale kutchula zambiri za maphunziro a chitumbuwa, omwe sakhala oyenera, komanso osayenerera, poyankhidwa ku Prague ya 2016 "Letter to the editor": Chigamulo cha: Kalata kwa mkonzi "Prause et al. (2015) zowonongeka zowonongeka za " (2016)

Mapepala Awiri Apamwamba Otsutsika Ndi Ophunzira a 70

M'malo mobwerezabwereza ndemanga zomwe zili pamwambapa, tikupereka chitsanzo kuchokera ku ndemanga ya Prause yomwe ilipo pano. Chakumapeto, Prause akupereka zonse zomwe angathe kupeza kuti "atsimikizire" zomwe akunena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikubweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa paubwenzi wogonana. Prause akupereka mawu awiri okha okayikitsa, pomwe akunyalanyaza maphunziro ena opitilira 70 (kuphatikiza maphunziro 8 a nthawi yayitali) omwe amasokoneza ndemanga yake yaposachedwa:

Lingaliro lalikulu la chitsanzo chomwe chaperekedwacho linali lodabwitsa pang'ono chifukwa kuyesa kwakukulu, kolembetsedwa kale, kobwerezabwereza sikunapeze umboni wa khalidwe loipa la ubale (kukopa, chikondi) mwa okondedwa omwe amabwera chifukwa cha VSS ( Balzarini, Dobson, Chin, & Campbell , 2017) . Akafunsidwa mwachindunji, okwatirana omwe ali pachibwenzi nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti kuwonera kwawo VSS sikuli ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa pa ubale wawo ndipo makamaka amatchula zotsatira zabwino ( Kohut, Fisher, & Campbell , 2016) . Kuphatikiza apo, ena alephera kupeza zotsatira zachindunji za VSS pakukhutira ndi ubale (kupatula mwa amuna omwe kale anali ndi ubale wochepa; Veit, Štulhofer, & Hald, 2016). Maulosi ambiri a chitsanzo chomwe chaperekedwacho akuwoneka kuti asinthidwa kale ndi deta yomwe ilipo. Chitsanzo choterechi chingakhale chothandiza kwambiri pofotokoza udindo wa maliseche kapena kusagwirizana kwa chilakolako chogonana.

Mawu awiri othandizira a Prause (omwe amalemba mobwerezabwereza pa Twitter ) amachokera ku labu ya mnzake wapamtima komanso wolemba mnzake Taylor Kohut. Palibe chomwe chikuwoneka ngati.

PHUNZIRO #1: Kohut, Fisher, & Campbell, 2016 (Kuti mudziwe zambiri onani ndemanga ya “Zotsatira Zodziwika za Zithunzi Zolaula pa Ubale wa Awiri: Zomwe Zapezeka Poyamba pa Kafukufuku Wotseguka, Wodziwa Bwino, Wofufuza Pansi.” ) Zolakwika ziwiri zazikulu za njira (njira?) za kafukufukuyu ndi izi:

1) Kafukufukuyu sanaphatikizepo chitsanzo choyimira. Pomwe kafukufuku wambiri akuwonetsa kuti akazi ochepa omwe ali pachibwenzi cha nthawi yayitali amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, mu kafukufukuyu 95% ya akazi adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula okha . Ndipo 83% ya akazi adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuyambira pachiyambi cha chibwenzi (nthawi zina kwa zaka zambiri) . Ziwerengero zimenezo ndi zapamwamba kuposa za amuna azaka za koleji! Mwanjira ina, ofufuzawo akuwoneka kuti asintha chitsanzo chawo kuti apange zotsatira zomwe amafuna.

Zoona zake n'zakuti? Deta yochokera ku kafukufuku wamkulu kwambiri wa dziko lonse wa ku US (General Social Survey) inanena kuti akazi okwatiwa okha ndi 2.6% omwe adapita ku "webusayiti ya zolaula" mwezi watha. Deta yochokera ku 2000 - 2004 (kuti mudziwe zambiri onani Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Ukwati , 2014 ). Ngakhale kuti ziwerengerozi zingawoneke ngati zochepa, kumbukirani kuti (1) idafunsa akazi okwatiwa okha, (2) idayimira magulu onse azaka, (3) idafunsa ngati kugwiritsa ntchito malo olaula kunali "kamodzi pamwezi kapena kuposerapo," pomwe maphunziro ambiri amafunsa kuti "adapitako" kapena "adapitako chaka chatha."

2) Kafukufukuyu sanagwirizanitse kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kusintha kulikonse koyesa kukhutitsidwa ndi kugonana kapena ubale. M'malo mwake, kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito mafunso "otseguka" pomwe anthuwo ankatha kufunsa za zolaula. (Zinali zolondola osati zowerengera.) Kenako ofufuzawo adawerenga zomwe zidalembedwazo ndipo, pambuyo pake, adaganiza kuti ndi mayankho ati omwe anali "ofunika," komanso momwe angawafotokozere (kuzungulira?) m'pepala lawo. Kenako ofufuzawo adapereka lingaliro molimba mtima kuti maphunziro ena onse okhudza zolaula ndi maubwenzi, omwe adagwiritsa ntchito njira zodziwika bwino zasayansi komanso mafunso osavuta okhudza zotsatira za zolaula, anali olakwika . Kodi iyi ndi sayansi yeniyeni? Webusaiti ya wolemba wamkulu Kohut ndi kuyesa kwake kusonkhetsa ndalama kumadzutsa mafunso angapo, monga momwe kafukufuku wake wa 2016 amachitira pomwe adati kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kumagwirizana ndi kufanana kwakukulu & kusagonana pang'ono (zomwe zapezeka ndi kafukufuku wina aliyense wofunikira womwe udasindikizidwapo ).

PHUNZIRO #2: Balzarini, Dobson, Chin, & Campbell, 2017 (Kuti mudziwe zambiri onani Kodi kuonera zolaula kumachepetsa kukopa ndi chikondi kwa amuna? Kubwerezabwereza kwa Kenrick, Gutierres, ndi Goldberg .)

Kafukufuku wa 2017yu anayesa kubwereza kafukufuku wa 1989 , womwe unawonetsa amuna ndi akazi omwe anali pachibwenzi kuti ali ndi zithunzi zolaula za amuna kapena akazi anzawo. Kafukufuku wa 1989 adapeza kuti amuna omwe adawona zithunzi za Playboy zamaliseche pakati adawona akazi awo ngati osakongola kwenikweni ndipo adanenanso kuti sakonda anzawo. Pamene khama la 2017 silinatsatire zomwe adapeza mu 1989, olembawo adanenetsa kuti kafukufuku wa 1989 adalakwitsa, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula sikungachepetse chikondi kapena chilakolako. Komabe, kubwerezabwerezako mwina "kunalephera" chifukwa chikhalidwe chathu chakhala chonyansa komanso chovuta. Ofufuza a 2017 sanalembe ophunzira aku koleji a 1989 omwe adakulira akuonera MTV atamaliza sukulu. M'malo mwake, ophunzira awo adakulira akusewera pa PornHub kuti akawonere zigawenga ndi makanema ogonana.

Mu 1989, ndi ophunzira angati aku koleji omwe adawonera kanema wojambulidwa ndi X? Osati ambiri. Ndi ophunzira angati aku koleji a 1989 omwe adagwiritsa ntchito nthawi iliyonse yodziseweretsa maliseche, kuyambira paunyamata, kudziseweretsa maliseche mpaka ma hardcore clip ambiri mu gawo limodzi? Palibe. Chifukwa cha zotsatira za 2017 n'chodziwikiratu: kuwonetsedwa kwakanthawi kwa chithunzi chosasunthika cha Playboy pakati ndi kudabwa kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi zomwe amuna aku koleji mu 2017 akhala akuonera kwa zaka zambiri. Ngakhale olembawo adavomereza kusiyana kwa mibadwo ndi chenjezo lawo loyamba - koma sanasinthe zomwe adaganiza kapena mitu yankhani m'manyuzipepala:

Choyamba, ndikofunikira kufotokoza kuti phunziro lapachiyambi linasindikizidwa mu 1989. Panthawiyo, kufotokozera zachiwerewere sikungakhalepo, koma lero, kufanana ndi zithunzi zopanda phokoso kuli kofala kwambiri, ndipo kotero kuti kuwonetsedwa pakati pa malo osasangalatsa sikungakhale kokwanira kuwonetsa kusiyana komwe kunayambika poyamba. Chifukwa chake, zotsatira za maphunziro omwe akupezeka pano akusiyana ndi phunziro lapachiyambi chifukwa chosiyana, kufikako, ngakhale kuvomerezedwa ndi zochitikazo tsopano.

Ngakhale David Ley, nthawi zina ankalemba nkhani mopanda tsankho, ankaona kuti ndi bwino kufotokoza mfundo yodziwikiratu:

Mwina chikhalidwe, amuna, ndi kugonana kwasintha kwambiri kuyambira mu 1989. Amuna ochepa achikulire masiku ano sanawonere zolaula kapena akazi amaliseche—maliseche ndi zithunzi zogonana ndizofala m'manyuzipepala otchuka, kuyambira pa Game of Thrones mpaka kutsatsa mafuta onunkhira, ndipo m'maiko ambiri, akazi amaloledwa kuvala zovala zoyera. Chifukwa chake ndizotheka kuti amuna mu kafukufuku waposachedwapa aphunzira kuphatikiza maliseche ndi kugonana komwe amawona mu zolaula ndi makanema atsiku ndi tsiku mwanjira yomwe siikhudza kukopa kwawo kapena chikondi chawo kwa okondedwa awo. Mwina amuna mu kafukufuku wa 1989 anali osakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kugonana, maliseche, ndi zolaula.

Kumbukirani kuti kuyesera kumeneku sikutanthauza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti sikunakhudze kukopa kwa amuna kwa okondedwa awo. Kumangotanthauza kuti kuyang'ana "malo ozungulira" sikukhudza nthawi yomweyo masiku ano. Amuna ambiri amanena kuti kukopana kwakukulu kwa okondedwa awo atasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti . Ndipo, ndithudi, palinso umboni wowunikidwa ndi anzawo womwe watchulidwa pano womwe ukuwonetsa zotsatira zoyipa za kuonera zolaula paubwenzi.

Mwachidule, Pemphero siliyesa kuyesa kulimbana ndi kuponderezedwa kwa maphunziro omwe akugwirizanitsa kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula kuti athetse banja, kupweteka, ndi kukondweretsa kugonana ndi chiyanjano.

Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti olemba buku lachiwiri lomwe adatchula ndi anzawo a Taylor Kohut ku University of Western Ontario. Gulu la ofufuzali, lotsogozedwa ndi William Fisher, lakhala likufalitsa maphunziro okayikitsa, omwe nthawi zonse amapanga zotsatira zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikutsutsana ndi mabuku ambiri ogwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi zotsatira zoyipa zambiri (maphunziro akunja). Kuphatikiza apo, Kohut ndi Fisher onse adasewera maudindo akuluakulu komanso okayikitsa pogonjetsa Motion 47 ku Canada.

Pemphero limati Porn zingakhale zabwino kwambiri kwa ana

Mosiyana ndi mapepala apamwamba a Pulezidenti, Pembedzero imayambira mu zolaula zomwe ana amagwiritsa ntchito ngati kuti ndi katswiri pa malo awa. (Prause sanafalitsepo pepala lonena za achinyamata komanso zolaula, ndipo samachiza odwala, ngakhale kuti tsopano ali ndi chilolezo cha psychological California.)

Nthawi zina amaoneka ngati woganiza bwino; nthawi zina ndemanga iyi imaoneka ngati yalembedwa ndi Free Speech Coalition . Zitsanzo zingapo kuchokera ku gawo la Prause la "Youth Masturbate for Pleasure", momwe amapitiliza mwaluso pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kuseweretsa maliseche, zomwe zimapangitsa owerenga kusadziwa:

Modabwitsa, Leonhardt et al. akuganiza kuti zotsatira za VSS kwa ana ziyenera kukhala zoyipa ndipo zimafunikira kuchepetsedwa kwamabanja ("[banja] lingachepetse zisonyezo zogonana," "Kufufuza kwabwino pakati paubwenzi woyamba"). Zowona, momwe makolo amachitira maliseche aubwana, ali ndi VSS kapena ayi, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochititsa manyazi komanso zowopsa (Gagnon, 1985)….

Momwemonso, Leonhardt et al. (2018) alembe ngati kuti achinyamata amangokhala, osachita zachiwerewere, pofotokoza kuti "amakhala ndi chizolowezi chogonana" ndipo "ana amalandila mawonekedwe awo." Izi zimanyalanyaza kuti achinyamata atha kukhala okonda zogonana, kukhala ndi chilakolako chogonana, komanso kuseweretsa maliseche ……

Leonhardt et al. (2018) apereke "zaka zowonekera" ngati chiopsezo (mu gawo la "Formativeness") pazotsatira zoyipa. Komabe, kuwonera VSS koyambirira kuli ndi mayanjano abwino angapo ……

Kuzindikira njira zothandizira phindu la kuwona kwa VSS ndi achinyamata omwe adapeza VSS, ndikuchepetsa zoopsa zake (Livingstone & Helsper, 2009), zikuwoneka kuti zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi mfundo zotsimikizira zomwe VSS idachita ndi Leonhardt et al. (2018)… ..

Pembedzero la "Youth Masturbate for Pleasure" gawo ndilolitali, komabe amangotchulapo zolaula zinayi zomwe zidasankhidwa ndi chitumbuwa kuti zithandizire pa malingaliro ake oti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti sichinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa ana. Atatu mwa maphunziro anayiwa amakhudzidwa ndi owonera zolaula 1) kukhala omasuka pang'ono ndikuwona maliseche, ndi 2) pang'ono bwino pozindikira maliseche.

Pemphero silikutchula kuchuluka kwa maphunziro a zolaula za achinyamata/pa intaneti, zomwe zikuwonetsa chithunzi chosiyana kwambiri. Onani mndandanda uwu wa maphunziro opitilira 250 okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa achinyamata . Monga gulu, maphunziro a achinyamata amafotokoza zotsatira zoyipa zambiri zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kwa achinyamata. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani ndemanga iyi ya mabuku (Dziwani: Pemphero silitchula ndemanga za mabuku kapena kusanthula kwa meta chifukwa palibe chomwe chikugwirizana ndi malingaliro ake.): Zotsatira za Zithunzi Zolaula pa Intaneti pa Achinyamata: Kuwunika Kafukufuku (2012) . Kuchokera kumapeto:

Kuwonjezeka kwa intaneti kwa achinyamata kumapanga mwayi wapadera wa maphunziro a kugonana, kuphunzira, ndi kukula. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zoopsa zomwe zimachitika m'mabukuzi zachititsa akatswiri kufufuza achinyamata kuti aziona zolaula pa Intaneti kuti athetse ubale umenewu. Zonsezi, kafukufukuyu akusonyeza kuti achinyamata omwe amadya zolaula angakhale ndi zikhulupiliro zolakwika zogonana. Zina mwazofukufuku, machitidwe apamwamba a chilolezo chogonana, kugonana, ndi kuyesedwa koyambirira kwa kugonana zakhala zikugwirizana ndi zolaula zambiri zomwe zimachitika ....

Komabe, kufufuza kosasintha kwakhala kukugwirizana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zithunzi zolaula zomwe achinyamata akuwonetsa zachiwawa ndi ziŵerengero zambiri za khalidwe lachiwerewere. Mabukuwa amasonyeza kusagwirizana pakati pa achinyamata ndi zozizwitsa. Atsikana amanena kuti amadziona kuti ndi otsika kwambiri kwa amayi omwe amawawona pa zolaula, pamene anyamata amawopa kuti sangakhale ngati olimba kapena okhoza kuchita monga amuna omwe akuwonetsedwa. Achinyamata amakhalanso akunena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunachepetsedwa chifukwa cha kudzidalira kwawo komanso chitukuko chawo. Kuwonjezera apo, kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, makamaka zomwe zimapezeka pa intaneti, amakhala ndi mgwirizano wocheperapo, kuwonjezeka kwa makhalidwe, makhalidwe apamwamba a chiwerewere, zizindikiro zachisoni, komanso kuchepetsa kugwirizana ndi osowa.

Sizikugwirizana ndi zinthu zothandizira zomwe Prause adasankha mosamala. Komanso ndemanga yaposachedwa ya mabukuwa siigwirizana ndi izi: Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolaula pa intaneti komanso momwe zimakhudzira thanzi la ana: umboni waposachedwa kuchokera m'mabuku (2019 ) - Zidule:

ZOKHUDZA: Malinga ndi kafukufuku osankhidwa (n = 19), mgwirizano pakati pa zolaula pa Intaneti ndi makhalidwe ena, maganizo okhudza maganizo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu - chibwenzi choyambirira, kugonana ndi anthu angapo kapena / kapena nthawi zina, kuwonetsa makhalidwe okhudzana ndi kugonana, kuphatikiza maudindo olakwika a amuna kapena akazi , kuganiza bwino kwa thupi, kukhumudwa, kuvutika maganizo kapena kupsinjika maganizo, kukonda zolaula kumagwiritsa ntchito - kumatsimikiziridwa.

POMALIZA: Zomwe zimawonetsedwa pa zolaula pa intaneti paumoyo wa ana zikuwoneka ngati zofunikira. Vutoli silinganyalanyazidwenso ndipo liyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi machitidwe apadziko lonse lapansi komanso osiyanasiyana.

Nayi meta-analysis ya 2016 yofufuza maphunziro 135: Media and Sexualization: State of Empirical Research, 1995–2015 . Chidule:

Cholinga cha ndemangayi chinali kupanga kafukufuku woyeserera zotsatira za kugonana kwa atolankhani. Cholinga chachikulu chinali pa kafukufuku wofalitsidwa m'magazini owunikiranso a Chingerezi pakati pa 1995 ndi 2015. Mabuku 109 omwe anali ndi maphunziro 135 adawunikidwanso . Zomwe zapezekazi zidapereka umboni wokhazikika wakuti kuwonetsedwa m'ma laboratories komanso kuwonetsedwa tsiku ndi tsiku pazinthu izi kumalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa kusakhutira kwa thupi, kudziona ngati wopanda pake, kuthandizira kwambiri zikhulupiriro zachigololo komanso zikhulupiriro zotsutsana ndi kugonana, komanso kulekerera kwambiri nkhanza zogonana kwa akazi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonetsedwa m'zinthu izi kumachititsa akazi ndi amuna kukhala ndi malingaliro ochepa pa luso la akazi, makhalidwe abwino, ndi umunthu.

Kusiya kwa Prause maphunziro ofunikira awa kumabweretsa mafunso ngati zomwe akunena zosiyana ndi izi zanenedwa moona mtima. Popeza tsankho ndiye maziko a mabuku aukadaulo, ganizirani tsamba lotsatirali: Kodi Nicole Prause Amakhudzidwa ndi Makampani Oona Zolaula?