Debunking i-debunker: I-Critique yencwadi eya kumhleli "Prause et al. (2015) ukutshatyalaliswa kwangoku kwezabelo zokubakhoboka "

intshayelelo

Kwimibono eyahlukeneyo, amanqaku kunye nama-tweets UNicole Prause uthathe ukuba akenzanga kuphela Prause et al., 2015 Ubuxoki “i-tenet yomgaqo-nkqubo wokuxhatshazwa, i-cue reactivity biomarker, Kodwa "uchungechunge lwezifundo zokuziphatha ezichazwe zizibhubhoratri ezizimeleyo [zinyanzele] ezinye iziprofeto zeliso lomlutha. ” Udumo lukhankanya i-2016 "Ileta eya kuMhleli" (egxekwe kweli phepha) njengobungqina obuxhasayo. Ukubeka ngokulula, uPrause uqokelele onke amaqanda akhe okubhabha kwibhasikidi enye-umhlathi omnye ucacisiwe apha ngezantsi. Impendulo yeYBOP isebenza njenge-debunking i-debunker (uNicole Prause) nawo onke “amaqanda” awathandayo.

Ekuphenduleni kwi-neuroscientist Matuesz Gola Uhlalutyo oluphambili lwe-2015 EEG isifundo (Prause et al., 2015), Prause et al. babhala eyabo ileta besiya kuMhleli, enesihloko esithi, “Prause et al. (2015) ukutshatyalaliswa kwangoku kwexesha lokubikezela izilwanyana, ”Esiza kuthi kubhekiswa kuyo njengePhendula kuGola. ” (Okubangela umdla kukuba, "umbhalo-ngqangi owamkelweyo" wokuqala woMpendulo kuGola udwelise uNicole Prause kuphela njengombhali, ke oko akucaci ukuba abo babebambisene naye bathathe inxaxheba ekwenzeni ubuGcisa bokuPhendula, okanye nokuba ibingumzamo wedwa kaPrause.)

Ngokuqinisekileyo, ininzi yePhendula kwiGola iyazinikela ekuzikhuseleni Prause et al., 2015 ukutolika. Emuva ngo-2015 uNicole Prause wenza ibango elingaphezulu kwelokuba iqela lakhe elalifunda ngokungathandekiyo lalinomntu omnye "owayekhuphe iziyobisi ezingamanyala." Yintoni umphandi osemthethweni angayenza nanini ibango lokuba "wenze debunked" i yonke intsimi yophando kwaye "ndenza inkohliso" zonke izifundo zangaphambili ngesifundo seEEG esisodwa?

Ngoku, kwi-2016, impendulo kumhlathi wokuvala kaGola ubeka ingxelo engafanelekanga ngokulinganayo yokuba amaphepha ambalwa, akhokelwa sisifundo esinye se-EEG sikaPrause, atyhola "uqikelelo oluninzi lwemodeli yokulutha."

KwiCandelo le-#1 ngaphantsi sichaza ibango lokukhohlisa ngokutyhilela oko okushiwo amaphepha aphendulwe kwi-Phendula kuGola (kwaye ayifumananga), kwakunye nokuvelisa ukukhanya kwezifundo ezininzi ezifanelekileyo. KwiCandelo le-#2 apha ngezantsi, sihlola ezinye iimangalo ezingexhaswanga kunye nokungalungiswanga kwiPhendula kwiGola. Ngaphambi kokuba siqale, zilapha izikhonkco kwizinto ezifanelekileyo:

1. Ukuqulunqwa kweMifanekiso emihle yexesha elizayo ngeZithombe zoSondo kwi-Problem users and Controls. (Prause et al., 2015) UNicole Prause, uVaughn R. Steele, uCameron Staley, uDean Sabatinelli, uGreg Hajcake.
2. The I-YBOP yokugxeka Prause et al., 2015.
3. Ishumi sohlalutyo loontanga of Prause et al., 2015: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Bonke bayavuma loo nto Prause et al. Ufumene ukungafuneki okanye ukuhlala endaweni ehambelana nomlutha.
4. Ukugxekwa kukaMatuesz Gola Prause et al., 2015: Ukunciphisa i-LPP kwimifanekiso yesondo kwiingxaki zabasebenzisi boonografi kunokuhambelana neemodeli zokulutha. Yonke into ixhomekeke kwimodeli. (Amagqabantshintshi ngoPrause, uSteele, uStaley, uSabatinelli, kunye noHajcak, 2015).
5. Ukuphendula kwiGola ngokwayo: Prause et al. (2015) ukutshatyalaliswa kwangoku kwexesha lokubikezela izilwanyana.
6. Kule ntshumayelo uGary Wilson uchaza inyaniso emva kwee-5 izifundo ezibuzayo kunye nezikhohlisayo (kubandakanywa nezifundo ezimbini ze-Nicole Prause EEG): Uphando Lophando: Okwenyaniso okanye Imfundiso?

ICANDELO LOKUQALA: I-Debunking the Prause et al. Ubango lobuxoki beModeli yoMlutha

Lo ngumhlathi wokuvala apho Prause et al. shwa nkathela ubungqina obunobungqina bokunyelisa umzekelo wokuxhatshazwa koonwabo:

"Ukuvala, sibonisa ubuxoki bePopperian yoqikelelo oluninzi lwemodeli yeziyobisi kusetyenziswa iindlela ezininzi. Uninzi lweemodeli zokulutha zifuna ukuba abantu abangamakhoboka babonise ulawulo oluncinci kwiminqweno yabo yokusebenzisa (okanye babandakanyeke kwindlela yokuziphatha); abo baxela ezinye iingxaki ngokujonga imifanekiso yezesondo banolawulo olungcono kwimpendulo yabo yezesondo (ephindaphindwe nguMoholy, Prause, Proudfit, Rahman, & Fong, 2015; isifundo sokuqala esenziwe nguWinters, uChristoff noGorzalka, 2009). Iimodeli zokulutha zihlala ziqikelela iziphumo ezibi. Nangona ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile sesona siphumo siphosakeleyo sokusetyenziswa kwe-porn, iingxaki ze-erectile aziphakanyiswanga ngokujonga ngakumbi iifilimu zesini (Landripet & Štulhofer, 2015; Umdumo kunye nePfaus, 2015; ISutton, iStratton, iPytyck, iKolla, kunye neCantor, 2015 ). Iimodeli zokulutha zihlala ziphakamisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye indlela yokuziphatha isetyenziselwa ukuphucula okanye ukuphepha ifuthe elibi. Ezo ngxaki zinika ingxelo ngeefilimu zesini ngokwenyani zichaze iimpembelelo ezingathandekiyo kwisiseko / ukujonga kwangaphambili kunolawulo (iPrause, iStaley, kunye neFong, 2013). Okwangoku, iimodeli ezimbini ezinyanzelekileyo zifumene inkxaso ngakumbi okoko kwapapashwa kukaPrause et al. (2015). Oku kubandakanya imodeli yokuqhuba ngesondo ephezulu (Walton, Lykins, & Bhullar, 2016) exhasa i-hypothesis yentsusa ephezulu (uSteele, uPrause, uStaley, kunye noFong, 2013). Iiparsons okqhubekayo. (2015) bacebise ukuba ukuqhuba ngesondo okuphezulu kunokubonisa iseti yezo ngxaki zinika ingxelo. Kwakhona, uxinzelelo olunxulumene nokubukela iifilimu zesini kuye kwaboniswa ukuba kunxulumene kakhulu namaxabiso olondolozo kunye nembali yenkolo (IGrubbs et al., 2014). Oku kuxhasa imodeli yeentloni ekuhlaleni yeengxaki zokujonga iifilimu. Ingxoxo kufuneka isuke kuvavanyo lwesini sokubukela imiboniso bhanya-bhanya ngesondo, ethe yafumana iingqikelelo ezininzi eziphosakeleyo ngokuziphendulela elabhoratri, ukuze kuchongwe imodeli efanelekileyo yokuziphatha kwabo. ”

Phambi kokuba sijongane nezi bango zingasentla, kubalulekile ukuveza ukuba yintoni Prause et al. ukhethe ukushiya into ebizwa ngokuba "bubuxoki":

1. Uphononongo kwizilonda zamatyala. Ufunda loo nto. Kuzo zonke izifundo ezikhankanyiweyo, kuphela enye iqulethe iqela lezilonda zezilwanyana ezingamanyala, kunye ne-71% yezi zifundo ingxelo ezibi kakhulu. Eyona nto: Awunakho ukukhohlisa "umlutha wezobisi" ukuba izifundo ozikhankanyayo aziphandi iziyobisi ezingamanyala.
2. Zonke izifundo ze-neurological ezipapashwe kubasebenzisi bezesono kunye nabaxhatshazwa ngokwesondo - kuba zonke zixhasa imodeli yoxhatshazo. Olu luhlu lwephepha Izifundo ze-56 ze-neuroscience (I-MRI, i-FMRI, i-EEG, i-Neurospychological, iHormonal) ukubonelela ngenkxaso enamandla kwindlela yokulutha.
3. Zonke iontanga zihlaziywe ukuphononongwa kweencwadi -Ngokuba zonke zixhasa imodeli yeziyobisi ezingamanyala. Apha zi Ukuphononongwa koncwadi okungama-31 kunye neenkcazo ngenye yezinto eziphezulu ze-neuroscientists ehlabathini, ezixhasa umzekelo wokuxhatshazwa koononophelo.
4. Ngaphezulu kwezifundo ze-40 zokudibanisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn / iziyobisi zesini kwiingxaki zesini kunye nokuvuka okuncinci. The Izifundo zokuqala ze-7 kuloluhlu zibonisa ukunyusa, njengabathathi-nxaxheba baqhelise ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kunye nokuphulukisa izifo ezingasinikiyo zesondo.
5. Ngaphezulu kwezifundo ze-80 ezidibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo ukuya kwisini esincinci kunye nolwaneliseko lobuhlobo. Ngokuba sifuna zonke Izifundo ezibandakanya abesilisa ziye zaxela ukusetyenziswa koononophelo olunxulumene nalo zihlwempu zesini okanye ukwaneliseka kobudlelwano.
6. Izifundo ezingaphezu kwe-60 zokubika iziphumo zihambelane nokukhula kwezilwanyana (ukunyamezela), ukuhlala kwimiba yezononophelo, kunye nokukhutshwa kweempawu (zonke iimpawu kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nomlutha).
7. Izifundo ezingaphezulu kwe-85 zidibanisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn nakwimpilo yengqondo-yeemvakalelo kunye neziphumo zokuqonda ezihlwempuzekileyo
8. Ukuxubusha ingongoma engathethiweyo yokuthetha "inqweno yesini ephakamileyo" ichaza ukuxhatshazwa koonobumba okanye ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini: Ubuncinci izifundo ze-25 zikhohlisa ibango lokuba isini kunye neziyobisi ezingamanyala "banomnqweno ophezulu wesondo"
9. Zonke iinjongo ezininzi kwiintsholongwane, echaza ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kuhambelana nabafundi abahluphekayo, iziphumo zesini, ubuninzi obunempilo, ubudlelwane obuhluphekileyo, ukwaneliseka kobomi, ukujonga abantu njengento, ukwandisa umngcipheko wezesondo, ukusetyenziswa kwekhondom, ukunyanzeliswa kwezesondo, ukunyanzelwa kwezesondo, ukwaneliseka okungaphantsi kwezesondo, i-libido esezantsi, iimpembelelo ezinkulu zokuvumela, kunye nokunye okuninzi. (Ngamafutshane, i-ED hayi ezona “ziphumo zixhaphakileyo ezicetyiswayo zokusetyenziswa kwe-porn” njengoko kufunyenwe kwiPhendula kuGola apha ngezantsi.)
10. Ukuxilongwa ngokusemthethweni? Incwadi yokusetyenziswa kwezifo zonyango ngokubanzi, Ulwahlulo lwaMazwe ngamazwe (ICD-11), iqulethe uvavanyo olutsha ezifanele ukuxhatshazwa koonwabo: "Ukuxhatshazwa kwezesondo ngokunyanisekileyo

KuPhendula kwiGola, Prause et al. uzame ukunyanzela nganye kwezi zilandelayo Amabango ("Uqikelelo") ngokunxulumene nemodeli yokulutha. Amagqabantshintshi afanelekileyo kunye nezifundo ezixhasayo ezivela kwiMpendulo eya eGola zinikezelwa ngokupheleleyo, zilandelwa ngamagqabaza.

Ibango le-1: Ukungakwazi ukulawula ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi.

UKUSEBENZA: “Uninzi lweemodeli zokulutha zifuna ukuba abantu abangamakhoboka babonise ulawulo oluncinci kumnqweno wabo wokusebenzisa (okanye wokuziphatha); abo baxela iingxaki ezingakumbi ngokujonga imifanekiso yezesondo banolawulo olungcono kwimpendulo yabo yezesondo (ephindaphindwe nguMoholy, Prause, Proudfit, Rahman, & Fong, 2015; isifundo sokuqala esenziwe nguWinters, uChristoff noGorzalka, 2009) ”

Izifundo ze-2 azikhankanyanga ukuba azikhohlisi njengoko zingakhange zivavanye ukuba izifundo zinengxaki yokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwe-porn. Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, akukho sifundo esiqale ngokuvavanya ukuba ngubani na okanye wayengenguye "umlutha wezobisi." Ungayichitha njani imodeli yokufumana iziyobisi xa ungaqali ngokuvavanya izifundo ezinobungqina obucacileyo (zeziphi iingcali ezichazayo) Makhe sihlolisise ngokufutshane ukuba zithini na izifundo ezi-2 ezivavanyiweyo kwaye zaxelwa, kwaye kutheni zingenzi nto ngobuxoki:

Ubusika, uChristoff, kunye neGorzalka, 2009 (Ummiselo oQaphelayo woKwabelana ngesondo eMadodeni):

• Injongo yolu phononongo yayikukujonga ukuba ngaba amadoda angayinciphisa kusini na ingxelo yabo yesondo xa bebukele iifilimu zesini. Iziphumo ezibalulekileyo: Amadoda afanelekileyo ekunciphiseni ukuvuswa kwesondo kwakubaluleke kakhulu ekuhlekiseni. Amadoda amancinci aphumeleleyo ekucinezeleni ukuvuswa kwesondo ngokubanzi ayesoyikeka kunabanye. Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo azinanto yakwenza nabo bangamakhoboka eziyobisi 'abangakwaziyo ukulawula ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngaphandle kweziphumo ezibi. "
• Olu phando lwe-Intanethi olungaziwayo aluzange luvavanye ukuba ngubani kwaye ngubani owayengenguye "umlutha we-porn," kuba isixhobo sovavanyo sasiyi "Scale Compulsivity Scale" (SCS). I-SCS ayiluvavanyo olusemthethweni lokuvavanywa kweziyobisi kwi-Intanethi okanye kwabasetyhini, ngenxa yoko iziphumo zophando azisebenzi kwizilonda ze-intanethi. I-SCS yenziwa kwi-1995 kwaye yayilwa ngesondo esingalawulekiyo ubudlelwane engqondweni (ngokunxulumene nophando lwe-AIDS). I I-SCS ithi: "UIsilinganisi sibonisiwe ukuba siqikelele amazinga ezenzo zokuziphatha ngokwesini, iinani leziqabane zobundlobongela, ukusetyenziswa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha ngokwesini, kunye neembali zezifo ezithathelwana ngesondo. "

Moholy, uPrause, Proudfit, Rahman, kunye neFong, 2015 (Umnqweno wesini, kungekhona ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini, uqikelela ukuzithobela ukuziphatha komntu wesondo):

• Olu phononongo, njengolu phando lungentla, aluzange luvavanye ukuba ngabaphi abathathi-nxaxheba babengekho okanye babengekho "iziyobisi ezingamanyala" Olu phononongo luxhomekeke CBSOB, enemibuzo eninzi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana ze-intanethi. Kuphela kubuza malunga "nemisebenzi yentsondo," okanye ukuba izifundo zixhalabile ngemisebenzi yazo (umzekelo, "Ndixhalabile ukuba ndikhulelwe," "ndinike umntu ongu-HIV," "Ndafumana iingxaki zemali"). Ngaloo ndlela nayiphi na intsebenziswano phakathi kwamanqaku kwi-CBSOB kunye nokukwazi ukulawula ukuvusa ayifanelekanga kuninzi kwi-intanethi izilonda, abangazibandakanyi ngesini esahlukileyo.
• Njengomxholo we-Winters apha ngasentla, olu cwaningo luchaze ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba be-hornier babe nexesha elinzima-ukulawula ukuvusa kwabo ngokwesondo xa bebukela iifoto. Prause et al. zichanekile: lo mboniso uphinde wachaza uWinters, et al., 2009: abantu abanomdla banesifiso esiphezulu sesondo. (Duh)
• Olu phononongo lunesiphene esifanayo esibulalayo esibonwe kwezinye izifundo zeqela lamaPrause: Abaphandi bakhethe izifundo ezahlukeneyo (abasetyhini, amadoda, abesini esahlukileyo, abangafaniyo nesini), kodwa wababonisa yonke imigangatho, mhlawumbi engathandekiyo, eyamadoda + amabhinqa amanyala. Ukubeka ngokulula, iziphumo zolu phononongo bezixhomekeke kwinto yokuba abesilisa, abantu ababhinqileyo, kunye nabangengobesini esahlukileyo abahlukanga kwimpendulo yabo kuseti lwemifanekiso yesondo. Oku kucacile a kunjalo.

Nangona kungekho sifundo esichonge ukuba ngabaphi na abathathi-nxaxheba ababelikhoboka le-porn, impendulo kuGola ibonakala ngathi ibango lokuba "iziyobisi ezingamanyala" kufuneka zingabi namandla okulawula inkanuko yesini xa kujongwa iphonografi. Kodwa kutheni le nto impendulo kubabhali beGola icinga ukuba abo bathanda ukubukela amanyala kufuneka babe "nokuvuka okuphezulu" xa Prause et al., 2015 uxele ukuba "iziyobisi ezingamanyala" zazinayo Ngaphantsi Ukusebenza kwengqondo kwi-vanilla yobunono kunokuba kulawulwe njani? (Ngokuqinisekileyo, esinye isifundo seEEG Kwakhona ukufumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koononophelo olukhulu kunabesifazane abadibeneyo Ngaphantsi ubuchopho busebenze kwi-pornography.) Iziphumo ze Prause et al. 2015 uhambelane kunye UKühn kunye neGallinat (2014), ofumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa koonobumba obuninzi kunxibelelana Ngaphantsi Ukusebenza kwengqondo ekuphenduleni imifanekiso ye-porno ye-vanilla.

Prause et al. Ngo-2015 Iziphumo zeEEG zihambelana nazo Banca et al. 2015, owathola ukukhawuleza kwimiba yezocansi kwimilutha yezobisi. Ukufunda okungaphantsi kwe-EEG kuthetha ukuba izifundo zihlawula Ngaphantsi ingqalelo kwimifanekiso. Abasebenzisi bezononophelo abaqhelekileyo babedikwa yi-vanilla porn eboniswe kwilebhu. Abasebenzisi abangamanyala be-porn kaMoholy & Prause abenzanga "ukulawula okungcono kwimpendulo yabo yesondo. ” Endaweni yokuba babeqhele ukuhlala okanye banganqweneleki kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo ye-vanilla ye-porn.

Akuqhelekanga kubasebenzisi be-porn rhoqo ukukhulisa ukunyamezelana, esisidingo sokhuthazo olukhulu ukuze kufikelelwe kwinqanaba elifanayo lokuvuka. Into efanayo iyenzeka kubaxhaphazi beziyobisi abafuna "ukubetha" okukhulu ukufikelela kwinqanaba elifanayo. Ngabasebenzisi be-porn, ukukhuthaza okukhulu kuhlala kufezekiswa ngokunyuka ukuya kuhlobo olutsha okanye olugqithisileyo lwe-porn.

Iimpawu ezintsha ezenza ukutshatyalaliswa, ukutshatyalaliswa, ukuphulwa kwezinto ezilindelweyo okanye ukuxhalabisa kunokusebenza ukwandisa ukuvusa isondo, okuqhelekileyo kwiiflegi kulabo abasebenzisa i-intanethi ye-intanethi. A uphando olutshanje olutholiwe ukuba ukunyuka okunjalo kuqhelekileyo kubasebenzisi be-intanethi banamhlanje. I-49% yabesilisa abajongeyo babecinga i-pornography "bekungelona umdla kubo ngaphambili okanye ukuba babecinga njengento enyanyekayo. ” Isishwankathelo, izifundo ezininzi baye baxela ukuhlala okanye ukunyuka kwabasebenzisi abasebenzisa iphonografi- isiphumo esihambelana ngokupheleleyo nemodeli yokulutha.

Iphuzu eliphambili: Lonke eli bango kwiPhendula kuGola lixhomekeke kwisibikezelo esingasekelwanga ukuba "iziyobisi ezingamanyala" kufuneka zibe namava kuvuselela ngokwesondo ukuzithobela imifanekiso ye-vanilla ye-porn, kwaye njalo abanako ukulawula ukuvusa kwabo. Nangona kunjalo ukubikezela ukuba abasebenzisi abangabonwayo boononophelo okanye abakhohlisayo amava abavusa kakhulu kwi-vanilla yobunono kunye nesifiso esikhulu sezesondo ngokuphindaphindiwe bekhohliswe ngamacandelo athando ocando:

1. Izifundo ze-40 ukudibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo ukunciphisa ukuvusa isondo okanye ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kunye namaqabane esondo.
2. Izifundo ze-25 yiphikise ibango lokuba isini kunye neziyobisi ezingamanyala "banomnqweno ophezulu wesini" (ngaphezulu ngezantsi).
3. Ngaphezulu kwee-75 zoqhagamshelwano Ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kunye nolwaneliseko oluphantsi nolwalamano.

Isishwankathelo:

• Ezi zifundo zibini zikhankanyiweyo azinanto yakwenza nokungakwazi ukulawula ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi.
• Ezi zifundo zibini zikhankanyiweyo khange zichonge ukuba ngubani okanye wayengenguye umlutha we-porn, ke ngekhe sixelele nto malunga "neziyobisi ezingamanyala."
• Ezi zifundo eziye zazuza phezulu kwi-questionnaire ye-sex addiction (hayi Umlutha we-porn) akazange "alawule ukuvusa kwabo ngcono" ngelixa bebukela i-vanilla porn. Babenokudikwa kukungamanyala kwe-vanilla (okt, ukungafuneki, olutshintsho olunxulumene nomlutha).

Ibango le-2: Iilutha zisebenzisa i-substance okanye ukuziphatha ukuphepha iimvakalelo ezimbi

UKUSEBENZA: Iimodeli zokulutha zihlala ziphakamisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye indlela yokuziphatha isetyenziselwa ukuphucula okanye ukuphepha iimpembelelo ezimbi. Abo baxela iingxaki kwiifilimu zesini ngenene baxele iimpembelelo ezingathandekiyo kwisiseko / ekubukeni kwangaphambili kunolawulo (iPrause, iStaley, kunye neFong, 2013). ”

Nangona iilwaphulo zisoloko zisetyenziswa ukuphepha ukuphazamiseka okungathintekiyo (iimvakalelo), kwakhona kwakhona impendulo ku-Gola icacisa njengenkxaso isifundo esingenzi lutho ngokukhohlisa ukuchazwa kwezidakamizwa ezingentla. Umthandazo, Staley kunye neFong 2013 khange ayijonge le nto kwaphela. Nantsi eyona nto ibikhe yanikwa ingxelo:

"Okungalindelekanga, iqela le-VSS-P libonise ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezinto ezichazayo nezingalunganga kwifilimu yesondo kune-VSS-C."

Ukuguqulelwa: oko kuthiwa "iziyobisi ezingamanyala" (iqela le-VSS-P) lalinempembelelo engathethekiyo kwimifanekiso engamanyala kunokuba lalinjalo iqela lolawulo (VSS-C). Ukubeka ngokulula, "iziyobisi ezingamanyala" ziye zafumana impendulo encinci kwiimvakalelo zesini kunye nokungathathi hlangothi. Inqaku eliphambili: Isifundo se-2013 se-Prause basebenzisa izifundo ezifanayo Prause et al., 2015, yintoni isifundo esifanayo se-2015 EEG esifumaneka Ngaphantsi usebenze ngengqondo kwiimifanekiso ezibonakalayo ze-vanilla porn.

Kukho inkcazo elula kakhulu yokuba "abasebenzisi bezononophelo abaqhelekileyo" abanempendulo engaphantsi kwemvakalelo ekubukeni i-vanilla porn. Iphonografi yeVanilla ayisabhaliswanga njengayo yonke into enomdla. Okufanayo kuya "ekuphenduleni abasebenzisi be-porn rhoqo" kwiifilimu ezingathathi hlangothi - babengenasiphelo. Udumo, iStaley, kunye neFong, I-2013 (ebizwa ngokuba nayo Prause et al., 2013) sele ichanekile zichazwe apha.

Iipateni ezimbalwa ziyavela kwiMpendulo yeGola kumabango obuxoki:

1. Izifundo ezikhankanyiweyo azibandakani nento yokukhohlisa imifanekiso yokuxhatshazwa koonwabo.
2. Udumo luhlala lubhekisela kwizifundo zakhe.
3. I-3 Prause Studies (Prause et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2015, Steele et al., 2013.) bonke abandakanyekayo zifundo ezifanayo.

Nantsi into esiyaziyo malunga "nabasebenzisi bezilonda ezingamanyala" kwizifundo ezi-3 zikaPrause (i "Prause Study"): Abazange babe ngamakhoboka, njengoko bengazange bavavanyelwe ubukhoboka be-porn. Ke, azinako ukusetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni "ukuxokisa" nantoni na enxulumene nemodeli yokulutha. Njengeqela babengenasiphelo okanye beqhelekile kwi-vanilla porn, ehambelana nokuqikelela komzekelo wokulutha. Nantsi into efundwayo nganye ngokoqobo Kuxelwe malunga nezifundo “ezibonisa amanyala”

1. Prause et al., 2013: "Abasebenzisi abasebenzisa iziyobisi abangamanyala" bachaze isithukuthezi kunye nokuphazamiseka ngelixa babukela iphonografi ye-vanilla.
2. Steele et al., 2013: Abantu abanomdla ophezulu-ukusetyenziselwa i-pornography Ngaphantsi umnqweno wesondo kunye nomlingane, kodwa kungekhona umnqweno omncinci.
3. Prause et al., 2015: "Abasebenzisi abasebenzisa iziyobisi." Ngaphantsi usebenze ngengqondo kwiimifanekiso ezibonakalayo ze-vanilla porn. Ukufunda okungaphantsi kwe-EEG kuthetha ukuba izifundo "zezilwanyana ezingamanyala" zihlawula ingqalelo kwiimifanekiso.

Umzekelo ocacileyo uvela kwezi zifundo zithathu: "Abasebenzisi abakhobokisayo abangamanyala" babedikiziwe okanye beqhelekile kwi-vanilla ye-porn, kwaye abo banomkhwa omkhulu wokubuyela kwimifanekiso engamanyala bakhetha ukuphulula amalungu esini amanyala kunokwabelana ngesondo nomntu wokwenyani. Ukubeka ngokulula babengenasiphelo (isibonakaliso esiqhelekileyo sokulutha) kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto ezingafunekiyo kumvuzo wendalo onamandla kakhulu (isini esahlulelweyo). Akukho ndlela yokutolika ezi ziphumo njengokukhohlisa iziyobisi ezingamanyala.

Awunakho ukukhohlisa imodeli yeziyobisi ezingamanyala ukuba "iziyobisi ezingamanyala" ayizizo iziyobisi ezingamanyala

Isiphoso esikhulu kwizifundo zePrause kukuba akukho mntu waziyo ukuba, ukuba ikho, yezifundo zikaPrause zazingamakhoboka eziyobisi ezingamanyala. Kungenxa yeso sizathu le nto kusoloko kukho amanqaku ecaphulo ajikeleze "iziyobisi ezingamanyala" kwiinkcazo zethu zezi zifundo zintathu. Izifundo zafunyanwa ePocatello, eIdaho kusetyenziswa iintengiso ezikwi-Intanethi zicela abantu "bafumana iingxaki zokulawula ukujonga kwabo imifanekiso yesondo. "I-Pocatello, i-Idaho iphezu kwe-50% i-Mormon, ezininzi zezifundo zinokuvakalelwa kukuba ikhona Isixa sokusetyenziswa koononophelo yinkinga enkulu.

Kwintetho ye-2013 UNicole Prause Uyavuma ukuba ininzi yezifundo zakhe zifumana iingxaki ezincinane (oko kuthetha ukuba babengabalandeli bezilonda).

"Olu phando lubandakanya kuphela abantu abachaze iingxaki, ukususela kumncinci kwiingxaki ezinkulu, ukulawula ukubukela kwabo izinto ezibonakalayo zesini. ”

Kwakhona, iphepha lemibuzo eliqeshwe kwizifundo ze-3 zokuvavanya "umlutha we-porn" (iSexual Compulsivity Scale) yayinjalo ayiqinisekanga njengesixhobo sokubhenwa kwezilwanyana ezingcolileyo. Yadalwa kwi-1995 kwaye yenzelwe ngesondo esingalawulekiyo ubudlelwane (kunye namaqabane) engqondweni, malunga nokuphanda i-AIDS ephene. I I-SCS ithi:

"Isilinganisi esifanelekileyo [siboniswe?] Ukuqikelela ukulinganiswa kweendlela zokuziphatha ngokwesini, iinani leziqabane zesini, ukuziphatha kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zesondo, kunye neembali zezifo ezithathelwana ngesondo."

Ngaphaya koko, iZifundo zoMduli zazilawula iphepha lemibuzo kwizifundo zabasetyhini. Ukanti umphuhlisi weSCS ulumkisa ukuba esi sixhobo asizukubonisa ukuba sisifo sengqondo kwabafazi,

"Unxibelelwano phakathi kwamanqaku okunyanzelwa ngokwesini kunye namanye amanqaku e-psychopathology abonise iipatheni ezahlukeneyo zamadoda nabasetyhini; Ukunyanzelwa ngokwesondo kwakudityaniswa nesalathiso se-psychopathology emadodeni kodwa kungekhona kwabasetyhini. "

Ngaphandle kokungaqinisekanga ukuba zeziphi izifundo ezibangelwa umlutha wobugqwetha, i-Prause Studies yenza asikhenkethi izifundo zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuziphatha okunyanzelisayo, okanye ezinye izilingo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu nakweyiphi na "isifundo sobuchopho" kumlutha, hleze ukudideka kunike iziphumo ezingenantsingiselo. Esinye isiphako esibulalayo kukuba izifundo zePrause zazingafani. Babenjalo amadoda kunye nabasetyhini, kuquka ne-7 engeyiyo, kodwa bonke baboniswa ngokulinganayo, mhlawumbi abangenathandekayo, abesilisa nabasetyhini. Le yedwa ihlawula nayiphi na iziphumo. Ngoba? Ukufunda emva kokufunda kuqinisekisa ukuba amadoda nabesifazana banokubaluleka hlukile Iimpendulo zengqondo kwiimifanekiso zesondo okanye iifilimu. Yingakho abaphandi abanomdla ngokugqithisileyo badibanisa ngokucophelela izifundo.

Isishwankathelo,

• Uphononongo olukhankanywe kwiPhendula kwiGola (Prause et al., 2013) ayinanto yakwenza nokuvavanya iziyobisi ezikhobokisayo. Ngokuqinisekileyo ayivavanyi ubungakanani bezilonda ezingamanyala ezisebenzisa iphonografi ukuze zibaleke iimvakalelo ezimbi.
• I-Prause Studies ayizange ihlole ukuba ngaba izifundo ziyizilonda zobugqwetha okanye cha. Ababhali bavuma ukuba ezininzi zezifundo zazinzima ukulawula ukusetyenziswa. Zonke izifundo zaza kufuneka ziqinisekiswe ukuba izilingo ze-porn ukuvumela ukuthelekiswa okusemthethweni kunye neqela labantu abangabonayo i-porn.
• Zonke izifundo zobuchopho ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zibe nezifundo ezifanelana nokuthelekiswa okuchanekileyo. Ekubeni i-Prause Studies ayifuni, iziphumo zingathembekanga, kwaye azikwazi ukusetyenziswa ukuba zikhohlise nantoni na.

Ibango le-3: Iziyobisi ezingamanyala zibane "drive ephezulu yesondo"

UKUSEBENZA: Okwangoku, iimodeli ezimbini ezinyanzelekileyo zifumene inkxaso ngakumbi okoko kwapapashwa kukaPrause et al. (2015). Oku kubandakanya imodeli yokuqhuba ngesondo ephezulu (uWalton, uLykins, kunye noBhullar, 2016) exhasa i-hypothesis yentsusa ephezulu (uSteele, uPrause, uStaley, kunye noFong, 2013). Iiparsons okqhubekayo. (2015) bacebise ukuba ukuqhuba ngesondo okuphezulu kunokubonisa iseti yezo ngxaki zinika ingxelo.

Ibango lokuba i-porn kunye ne-sex addicts zinayo nje "inkanuko yesini ephezulu," iye yaxokiswa Izifundo ze-25 zakutshanje. Enyanisweni, uNicole Prause wathi kule nto I post Quora ukuba akasakholelwa ukuba "iziyobisi ezabelana ngesondo" zinee-libidos eziphezulu:

"Bendinomdla kwinkcazo yokuqhuba ngesondo okuphezulu, kodwa olu phononongo lwe-LPP esisandula ukulupapasha lundenza ukuba ndivuleleke ngakumbi ekunyanzelweni ngokwesini."

Nokuba siphi na isifundo esichaze ukuba kubalulekile ukujongana nesimangalo esithi "umnqweno ophezulu wesondo" uhambelana ngokukodwa kunye neziyobisi ezingamanyala. Ukungabinangqondo kwayo kuyacaca ukuba umntu uthathela ingqalelo ii-hypotheticals esekwe kwezinye iziyobisi. (Ngaphezulu, jonga oku kugxekwa Steele, Udumo, iStaley, kunye neFong, 2013 Umnqweno ophezulu, okanye 'nje' umlutha? Impendulo Steele et al., 2013). Umzekelo, ngaba loo ngcamango ithetha ukuba ukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo, ukungakwazi ukulawula ukutya, nokungonwabi ngako, “ngumnqweno ophezulu wokutya?”

Ukwengeza ngokubhekele phaya, umntu makenze isigqibo sokuba abantu abanxila banomnqweno omkhulu wokunxila, akunjalo? Inyani yile yokuba onke amakhoboka "aneminqweno ephezulu" yeziyobisi kunye nemisebenzi (ebizwa ngokuba "ku khuthazwa"), Nokuba ukonwabela kwabo imisebenzi enjalo kuyehla ngenxa yolunye utshintsho olunxulumene nomlutha (ukungafuneki). Nangona kunjalo, ayikutshitshisi ukuba likhoboka labo (elihlala lisisifo).

Uninzi lweengcali zeziyobisi zijonga “Ukuqhubeka nokusetyenziswa nangona ziphumo ezimbi”Ibe lelona phawu luphambili lweziyobisi. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, umntu othile wayenokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile kwaye angabinakho ukuqhuba ngaphaya kwekhompyuter yakhe kwigumbi elingaphantsi likanina ngenxa yeziphumo ze-porn kwizizathu zakhe zokukhuthaza kunye nezentlalo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokutsho kwaba baphandi, okoko nje ebonisa "umnqweno ophezulu wesondo," akanakho likhoboka. Le paradigm iyityeshela yonke into eyaziwayo malunga neziyobisi, kubandakanya iimpawu kunye nokuziphatha kwabelwana ngazo zonke izilonda, njengemiphumo emibi, ukungakwazi ukulawula ukusetyenziswa, izifiso, njl.

Makhe sijonge ngakumbi kwizifundo ezi-3 ezikhankanyiweyo ukuxhasa eli bango “liphezulu”

1. Steele, Udumo, iStaley, kunye neFong, 2013 (Umnqweno wesini, kungekhona ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini, uhambelana nezimpendulo ze-neurophysiological ezifunyenwe yimifanekiso yesondo):

Sixoxe ngolu phofu ngasentla (Steele et al., 2013). Kwi-2013 okhulumela uNicole Prause wenza amabango angama- Steele et al., 2013:

1. Ezo zifundo 'impendulo yengqondo yahlukile kwezo zibonwe kolunye uhlobo lweziyobisi (i-cocaine ngumzekelo)
2. Abasebenzisi bezononophelo abaqhelekileyo babene "mnqweno ophezulu wesondo."

Ibango #1) Uphononongo lubhale ukufundwa kwe-EEG ephezulu xa izifundo zichazwe ngokufutshane kwiifoto zoonografi. Izifundo zibonisa rhoqo ukuba i-P300 ephakamileyo ivela xa izilingo zichazwe kwiinkalo (ezifana nemifanekiso) ezihlobene nokulutha kwabo. Oku kufunyanwe kukuxhasa imodeli yokuxhatshazwa koononophelo, njengoko iphepha le-8 lihlaziywa ngamaphepha Steele et al. kuchaziwe (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) kunye noprofesa wezesayikrasi ephuma UJohn A. Johnson uchaze kumazwana phantsi kwe2013 Psychology Namhlanje Udliwano ndlebe:

"Ingqondo yam isabambekile kwibango likaPrause lokuba ubuchopho babafundi bakhe abuzange buphendule kwimifanekiso yezesondo njengeziyobisi zabaphenduli beziyobisi, ngenxa yokuba enika ingxelo yokufundwa okuphezulu kwe-P300 yemifanekiso yesondo. Njengamakhoboka abonisa i-P300 spikes xa zinikwa iziyobisi zabo abazikhethele zona. Angasifumana njani isigqibo esichasene neziphumo zokwenyani? ”

UDkt. Johnson, ongenalo uluvo malunga nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini, waphawula ngokuphindaphindiweyo okwesihlandlo sesibini phantsi kweengxoxo zeeNdlebe:

I-Mustanski iyabuza, "Yintoni eyayiyinjongo yokufunda?" Kunye noPrause uyaphendula, "Uphononongo lwethu luvavanywe ukuba ngaba abantu abavakalisa iingxaki ezinjalo [iingxaki ekulawuleni ukujonga kwabo kwi-online eerotica] bafana nezinye izilonda ezivela kwiimpendulo zabo zobuchopho kwimifanekiso yesondo."

Kodwa uphononongo aluzange luthelekise ukurekhodwa kwengqondo kubantu abaneengxaki zokulawula ukujongwa kwabo kwi-intanethi ye-erotica kunye nokurekhodwa kwengqondo kwizikhobokisa iziyobisi kunye nokurekhodwa kwengqondo kwiqela elingelolakho umlutha, elinokuba yindlela ecacileyo yokubona ukuba iimpendulo zobuchopho kwiingxaki iqela lijongeka njengeempendulo zengqondo yeziyobisi okanye ezingezizo iziyobisi… ..

Ibango #2Isithethi sesifundo UNicole Prause ubanga ukuba abasebenzisi be-porn babenayo "inkanuko yesini ephezulu," ukanti isifundo sachaza ukuba kukho into ethe kratya ekusebenziseni iphonografi kunye Ngaphantsi umnqweno wesini esahlukileyo. Ukubeka enye indlela, abantu abane-activation ebukhali ngakumbi kwi-porn banokukhetha ukuphulula amaphambili kwi-porn kunokuba babelane ngesondo nomntu wokwenyani. Ayisiyo "phezulu zesondo umnqweno. ” Isicatshulwa esivela kwi- kuhlaziywa Steele et al. kuthathwe kule nto Uhlolo lwe-2015 lweencwadi:

Ngaphezu koko, isiphelo esichazwe kwi-abstract, "Impembelelo yokuqonda ukuxhatshazwa kobuxhakaxhaka njengokuba unomnqweno ophakamileyo, kunokuba ungakhathazeki, kuxutyushwa" [303] (iphe. 1) ibonakala ingekho kwindawo eqwalasela ukufundwa kweso sifundo sokuba ukuphakama kweP300 kakubi ihambelana nomnqweno wesondo kunye neqabane. Njengoko kuchaziwe ku-Hilton (2014), oku kufumaniswa "ngokuchasene ngqo nokuchazwa kweP300 njengomnqweno ophezulu" [307]. Uhlalutyo lukaHilton lubonisa ukuba ukungabikho kweqela lolawulo kunye nokuhluleka kobuchwepheshe be-EEG ukubandlulula phakathi "umnqweno ophezulu wesondo" kunye "nokunyanzelwa kwezesondo" kwenza uSteele et al. iziphumo ezingenakuthenjwa [307].

Eyona nto: Iziphumo ze Steele et al., I-2013 inokwenkqisa izibhengezo ezenziwe kwi-Phendula ku-Gola.

2. Parsons et al., 2015 (Uxhatshazo oluSini, uComplective Compulsive, okanye uSebenza ngokuSondo ngokuSebenzayo? Ukuphanda amaqela amathathu ahlukeneyo angamaGay kunye nabasetyhini kunye neNkcukacha zabo zeHIV-ezichaphazelekayo ngokwesondo):

Njengalo phantse lonke uphando olukhankanyiweyo kwiPhendula kuGola, olu phononongo aluphumelelanga ukuvavanya ukuba zeziphi izifundo, enyanisweni, ezazikhobokisa iphonografi. Iqeshwe kwimibuzo emibini ebuza kuphela malunga nokuziphatha ngokwesondo: "iSikali sokunyanzelwa ngokwesondo" (esixoxwe ngasentla), kunye ne "Hypersexual Disorder Screening Inventory." Akukho phepha lemibuzo linento enye malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi kwi-intanethi, ke olu phononongo alunakusixelela nto malunga nalo utywala lwe-intanethi.

Nakuba Parsons et al., Ngo-2015 kuphela ukuzixhalabisa ngokuziphatha ngokwesini kumadoda athandana namanye amadoda, iziphumo zayo ziyinyani ibango lokuba "umlutha wesini ngumnqweno ophezulu wesondo." Ukuba umnqweno ophezulu wesondo kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kuyafana, kuya kubakho iqela elinye kuphela labantu ngabantu. Endaweni yokuba, olu phononongo luxele amaqela amancinci ahlukeneyo, kodwa onke amaqela axele amaxabiso afanayo ezesondo.

Uphando oluvelayo luxhasa umbono wokuba ukunyanzelwa ngokwesini (i-SC) kunye ne-hypersexual disorder (HD) phakathi kwamadoda athandana nabesini esinye (i-GBM) anokuchazwa njengamaqela amathathu-Ayinyanzelekanga ngokwesini okanye ngoxhatshazo; Ukunyanzelwa ngokwesondo kuphela, kwaye zozibini izinyanzeliso zesini kunye ne-hypersexual-ezithatha amanqanaba ahlukeneyo obukrakra kwi-SC / HD yokuqhubeka. Phantse isiqingatha (i-48.9%) yale sampulu yesondo ebalaseleyo yahlelwa njenge-SC okanye i-HD, i-30% njenge-SC Kuphela, kunye ne-21.1% njenge-SC kunye ne-HD. Ngelixa singafumananga mahluko ubonakalayo phakathi kwala maqela mathathu ngenani elixeliweyo lamaqabane angamadoda, izenzo zesondo ezimpundu….

Yenziwe lula: Umnqweno ophezulu wesondo, njengoko ulinganiswa nomsebenzi wesondo, usixelela okuncinci malunga nokuba umntu ulikhoboka lesini na okanye hayi. Isitshixo sokufumana apha kukuba ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo akufani "nomnqweno ophezulu wesondo."

3. UWalton, uLykins, kunye noBhullar, 2016 (Ngaphandle kwezilwanyana zesini, ubulili, kunye nobulili obuhlukeneyo kwiNkcazo yokuLazisa ngesondo):

Kutheni le "ileta eya kumhleli" icatshuliweyo ihleli iyimfihlakalo. Ayisiyo isifundo esiqwalaselwe ngoontanga kwaye ayinanto yakwenza nokusetyenziswa kwe-porn, umlutha we-porn, okanye ubundlobongela. Ngaba ababhali bePhendula kwiGola bafaka isicatshulwa sabo ngokubala ngamaphepha angabalulekanga?

Isishwankathelo:

• Ezi zifundo ezintathu ezikhankanyiweyo azizange zihlole ukuba nayiphi na into yayingumlutha we-porn okanye ayikho. Ngenxa yoko, abanokusixelela encinci malunga nebango lokuba ukuxhatshazwa koononophala nje kunomnqweno ophezulu wesondo.
• Steele, Udumo, iStaley, kunye neFong, I-2013 ibixelele ukuba i-cue-reactivity kwi-porn ehlobene nayo Ngaphantsi umnqweno wesondo kunye neqabane. Oku kubangqina ukuba ibango lokugqithiswa koononophala liphezulu zesondo umnqweno.
• Parsons et al., 2015 uxele ukuba isenzo sesondo asihambelani nemilinganiselo yoxhatshazo ngokwesini. Oku kuyinyani ibango lokuba "abaxhatshazwa ngokwesondo" banomnqweno ophezulu wesondo.
• UWalton, uLykins, kunye noBhullar, I-2016 yileta eya kumhleli ongenakwenza nantoni yesifundo.

Ibango le-4: Ukungasebenzi kwe-Erectile yiphumo elibi kakhulu eliphakanyisiweyo lokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana

UKUSEBENZA: Iimodeli zokulutha zihlala ziqikelela iziphumo ezibi. Nangona ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile sesona siphumo siphosakeleyo sokusetyenziswa kwe-porn, iingxaki ze-erectile aziphakanyiswanga ngokujonga ngakumbi iifilimu zesini (Landripet & Štulhofer, 2015; Prause & Pfaus, 2015; Sutton, Stratton, Pytyck, Kolla, & Cantor, 2015 ).

Ibango elithi "ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile sisiphumo esibi kakhulu sokusetyenziswa kwe-porn" ngaphandle kwenkxaso. Yi ingxabano yomntu njenge:

1. Akukho phepha elihloliswe ngontanga eliye latsho ukuthi ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-erectile ngumphumo we-#1 wokusetyenziswa koononophelo.
2. Umphumo we-#1 wokusetyenziswa koononophelo awuzange uchazwe kwiphepha elihlaziywe ngontanga (kwaye mhlawumbi ayiyi kuba).
3. Eli bango lizimelela kwimiphumo yezobisi ukusebenzisa, okungafani nemiphumo yezobisi likhoboka.

Njani nako i-erectile dysfunction ibe yiphumo le-#1 elibi le-pornography ukusebenzisa xa isiqingatha sesibini sabantu sishiywe? Ukuba nayiphi na ingxaki yesini ibe yiphumo elilodwa lokusetyenziswa koononophelo kuza kufuneka libe yi-libido ephantsi okanye i-anorgasmia, ukwenzela ukuba ihlanganise nabesifazane.

Kwimeko nayiphi na imeko, enye kuphela yezifundo ezintathu ezikhankanywe ngokwenene zichonga ukuba zeziphi izifundo, ukuba zikhona, zazingumlutha: ISutton, iStratton, iPytyck, iKolla, kunye neCantor, 2015. Enyanisweni, ngulo kuphela isifundo esicacisiwe kuyo yonke impendulo ye-Gola esichaza nayiphi na inxaxheba abafundayo njengemilutha yezobisi. Ezinye izifundo ezikhankanywe apha (Umhlaba kunye neŠtulhofer, 2015; Udumo kunye nePfaus, I-2015) asitsho nto malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kokugqithiswa koononophala kunye nokungasebenzi kwe-erectile ngenxa yokuba akahlolisanga ukuba nayiphi na into yayingumlutha we-porn okanye cha. Isandi esiqhelekileyo?

Ke, masiqale sivavanye isifundo ekukuphela kwaso esibonisiweyo kwiPhendula kuGola.

ISutton, iStratton, iPytyck, iKolla, kunye neCantor, 2015 (Iimpawu zoMonde ngesimo soBungqina boBucala boBucala boBucala: Ubungakanani beeTriki zokuHlola ze-115 eziPhathelene neziTyala eziMadoda):

Sisifundo esenziwa kumadoda (iminyaka yobudala eyi-41.5) efuna unyango lweengxaki zokuziphatha ngokwesini, ezinje ngeparaphilias kunye nokuphulula amaphambili okanye ukukrexeza. I-27 yahlulwa "njengamakhoboka okuphulula amalungu esini," oko kuthetha ukuba baphulula amalungu esini (ngesiqhelo ngokusetyenziswa kwe-porn) iyure enye okanye ngaphezulu ngosuku okanye ngaphezulu kweeyure eziyi-7 ngeveki. I-71% yabasebenzisi abangabonwayo bezonyango babika iingxaki zokusebenza zesini, kunye ne-33% ingxelo yokulibazisa ukulibazisa (ngokuqhelekileyo umlandeleli we-porn-induced ED).

Kukuphi ukungasebenzi ngokwesondo okwenziwa ngama-38% amadoda aseleyo? Isifundo asitsho, kwaye ababhali bazityeshele izicelo eziphindaphindiweyo zeenkcukacha. Ukhetho ezimbini eziphambili zokungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesini kweli qela leminyaka li-ED kunye ne-libido ephantsi. Amadoda awazange abuzwe malunga nokusebenza kwawo kwe-erectile ngaphandle koonwabo. Amaxesha amaninzi amadoda awazi ukuba bane-porn-eyenze ukuba i-ED ingabinantlobano zesini kwaye zonke iziphelo zabo zibandakanya ukuphulula amalungu esini kwi-porn. Oku kuthetha ukuba iingxaki zesondo zinokuba ziphezulu kune-71% kwizilonda ezingamanyala. Kutheni impendulo kuGola ikhankanye olu phononongo njengobungqina bokuba "iziphumo ezingalunganga" azihambelani nesiyobisi se-porn zihlala ziyimfihlakalo.

Sutton et al., I-2015 iphenduliwe esinye isifundo Ukuphanda ngokuthe ngqo ubudlelwane phakathi kokungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-intanethi. Ucwaningo lwe-2016 lwaseBelgium oluvela kwiyunivesithi ehamba phambili yophando lufumene ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi ye-intanethi enxulumene nokunciphisa umsebenzi we-erectile kunye nokunciphisa ukwaneliseka ngokwesini. Nangona kunjalo abasebenzisi be-porn abanengxaki bafumana iminqweno emikhulu. Isifundo sikwabonakala ukuxela ukunyuka, njengoko i-49% yamadoda ejonge iphonografi ethi “bekungelona umdla kubo ngaphambili okanye ukuba babecinga njengento enyanyekayo. "

Inyaniso, kwizifundo ze-30 uye wachaza le nxu lumano phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana / ukutshabalalisa i-porn kunye neentsholongwane zesondo okanye ukuhla kwesondo. Izifundo zokuqala ze-5 kuloluhlu zibonisa bangela njengoko abathathi-nxaxheba banqamle ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kwaye baphilisa izidlovane ezingapheliyo zesondo. Ukongeza, ngaphezu Izifundo ze-60 zidibanisa ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana ukunciphisa ukwaneliseka ngokwesondo kunye nolwalamano. Kuvakala ngathi "ziziphumo ezibi zokusetyenziswa kwe-porn"

Ngelixa "i-debunking" ye-porn-eyanyanzeliswa kukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo ayinabungozi kubukho "beziyobisi ezingamanyala," sijikela ecaleni kuvavanyo lwezifundo ezibini zokuqala ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla kwibango kukho ubudlelwane obuncinci phakathi kokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile kunye namanqanaba akhoyo okusebenzisa iphonografi.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba izifundo ezivavanya isini esincinci samadoda ukusukela nge2010 ingxelo yamanqanaba embali okudakumba ngokwesondo, kunye namazinga othusayo wesibetho esitsha: libido ephantsi. Zonke zibhalwe kwi lephepha le-2016 elihlaziywe ngontanga.

Udumo kunye nePfaus 2015 (Ukujonga i-Stimuli yezesondo ehambelanayo neNgcono enkulu yokuThatshazwa ngokwesondo, engeyi-Erectile Dysfunction):

Ekubeni lo mbhalo udibanise iphepha alizange lichaze nayiphi na izifundo njengezigqwetha zezilwanyana ezingcolileyo, iziphumo zalo azikwazi ukuxhasa ibango lokuba imodeli yokuxhatshazwa kwezilonda zobulili. Udumo kunye nePfaus U-2015 wayengengofundo konke konke. Endaweni yoko, uPrause ubanga ukuba uqokelele idatha kwizifundo zakhe zangaphambili ezine, akukho nanye ejongene nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile. Ingxaki eyongezelelweyo: Akukho nanye idatha ye Udumo kunye nePfaus (I-2015) iphepha elifanisa idatha kwiingxelo ezine zangaphambilini. Ukungahambelani akuncinci kwaye akuzange kuchazwe.

Ingxelo yomphandi uRichard A. Isenberg MD, epapashwe kuyo Ulwaphulo lwezesondo Ufikelelo oluvulelekileyo, ubonisa amaninzi (kodwa akusiyo onke) okungafaniyo, iimpazamo kunye namabango angasekelwe (a ukubeka ingcamango ichaza ukungafani okunye). UNicole Prause noJim Pfaus benze inani lamabango obuxoki okanye angaxhaswanga ahambelana neli phepha.

Amanqaku amaninzi entatheli malunga nolu phononongo athi ukusetyenziswa kwe-porn kukhokelele bhetele izilungiso, kodwa akusikho oko iphepha elikufumeneyo. Kwimibuzo edliwano-ndlebe, bobabini uNicole Prause kunye noJim Pfaus bathi bangamanqanaba okulinganisa kwibhuyibhile, kwaye ukuba amadoda asebenzisa i-pornography ayengabonakali kakuhle. Kwi Udliwano lwe-TV yeJim Pfaus UPfaus uthi:

"Sijonge ulungelelwaniso lwamandla abo okufumana ulabhoratri."

"Sifumene ulungelelwaniso lwe-liner kunye nenani le-porn ababeyijonga ekhaya, kwaye i-latency umzekelo abayifumana ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza."

In udliwano-ntanethi UNicole Prause wathi ukulungiswa kwemilinganiselo kwakulinganiswa kwibhulebhu. Iqhosha elichanekileyo ukusuka kumboniso:

"Okukhona abantu bebukela inkanuko ekhaya baneempendulo ezomeleleyo ze-erectile kwilebhu, ezingancitshiswanga."

Nangona kunjalo eli phepha alikhange livavanye umgangatho wokwakhiwa kwelebhu okanye "isantya sokwakhiwa." Eli phepha lifuna kuphela ukuba licele abafana ukuba balinganise "ukuvusa" kwabo emva kokubukela ngokufutshane iifoto zoononophala (kwaye akucaci kumaphepha aphantsi ukuba oko kwenzeka ngokwenene kuzo zonke izifundo). Kwimeko nayiphi na into, isicatshulwa kwiphepha ngokwalo savuma ukuba:

"Akukho datha yokuphendula amalungu esini ebandakanyiwe ukuxhasa amava abantu abazixelayo."

Kwimibini yesibini engasekelwe, umbhali okhokelayo uNicole Prause tweeted maxesha amaninzi malunga nokufunda, ukuvumela ihlabathi ukuba i-280 izifundo zibandakanyeke, kwaye "azinakho iingxaki ekhaya." Noko ke, ezi zifundo ezine ziqulethwe kuphela kwizifundo zesilisa ze-234, ngoko "i-280" ihamba ngendlela.

Ibango lesithathu elingasekelwa: UDkt. Isenberg wazibuza ukuba kunokwenzeka njani Udumo kunye nePfaus U-2015 uthelekise amanqanaba ezifundo ezahlukeneyo 'xa zithathu hlukile iintlobo zesistim zezesondo zazisetyenziselwa izifundo ze-4. Izifundo ezimbini ezisetyenziselwa ifilimu yekota ye-3, olunye uphando lusetyenziswe ifilimu ye-20-yesibini, kwaye olunye uphando lusetyenziswa imifanekiso. Kucaciswe kakuhle ukuba Iifilimu zivusa kakhulu kunezithombe, ke akukho qela lophando lisemthethweni liza kudibanisa ezi zifundo kunye ukwenza amabango malunga neempendulo zabo. Into eyothusayo kukuba kwiphepha labo iPrause & Pfaus ngokungathandabuzekiyo bathi zonke izifundo ze-4 zisebenzise iifilimu zesini:

"I-VSS evezwe kwizifundo kwakuzo zonke iifilimu."

Le nkcazo ayiyonyani, njengoko ibonakalisiwe ngokucacileyo kwizifundo zikaPrause.

Ibango lesine elingasekelwe: UDkt. Isenberg ubuze nokuba njani Udumo kunye nePfaus U-2015 uthelekise amanqanaba ahlukeneyo ezifundo xa kuphela 1 ze-4 zifundo ezisetyenziswayo 1 kwizinga le-9. Omnye wasebenzisa i-0 ukuya kwisikali se-7, enye yasebenzisa i-1 ukuya kwisikali se-7, kwaye isifundo esinye asixelanga ukulinganisa ngokwesondo. Ukuphinda uPrause kunye noPfaus ngokungacacanga bathi:

"Amadoda ayecelwa ukuba abonise izinga labo" ukuvusa isondo "ukusuka kwi-1" kungekhona "kwi-9" kakhulu. "

Oku kwabuxoki njengoko amaphepha aphambili abonisa. Isishwankathelo, zonke izihloko ezikhutshwa nguMdumiso malunga nokuphucula ukuphuculwa koononophelo okanye ukuvusa, okanye nayiphi na enye into, ayimfuneko. Udumo kunye nePfaus I-2015 nayo yathi ayifumananga ubudlelwane phakathi kwamanqaku asebenzayo erectile kunye nesixa sezononophelo ebonwa ngenyanga yokugqibela. Njengoko uDkt. Isenberg wathi:

“Eyona nto iphazamisayo nangakumbi kukushiywa ngokupheleleyo kweenkcukacha manani zesiphumo somsebenzi we-erectile. Akukho ziphumo zobalo zinikiweyo. Endaweni yokuba ababhali bacele umfundi ukuba akholelwe nje kwingxelo yabo engenabungqina bokuba akukho manyano phakathi kweeyure zoononografi ezijongiweyo kunye nomsebenzi we-erectile. Ngenxa yokuphikisana kwababhali bokuba umsebenzi we-erectile kunye neqabane unokuphuculwa ngokubukela iphonografi ukungabikho kohlalutyo lwamanani kubaluleke kakhulu. ”

Kwimpendulo kaPrause & Pfaus kwisicatshulwa sikaGqirha Isenberg, baphinde basilela ukubonelela ngedatha ukuxhasa "ingxelo yabo engenasiqinisekiso." Njengoko maxwebhu ahlalutyo, Impendulo kunye nePfaus impendulo ayiphephi ukukhathazeka okusemthethweni kukaGqirha Isenberg, iqulethe uninzi entsha ukuthetha kakubi kunye neengxelo ezingamanga ezifihlakeleyo. Gqi beleni, ukuhlaziywa kweencwadi ngabagqirha abasixhenxe baseMelika baseMnyuzi ubeke izimvo Udumo kunye nePfaus 2015:

"Uphononongo lwethu lukwabandakanya amaphepha amabini e-2015 athi ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe-Intanethi akuhambelani nokukhula kobunzima kumadoda aselula. Nangona kunjalo, loo mabango abonakala ngathi angaphambi kwexesha xa kuvavanywa la maphepha kunye nokugxekwa ngokusesikweni. Iphepha lokuqala linemibono eluncedo malunga nendima enokubakho kwimeko yezesondo kwi-ED yolutsha [50]. Nangona kunjalo, lo mpapasho uphantsi kokugxeka ukungafani okungafaniyo, ukuchithwa kunye neendlela zokuziphatha. Ngokomzekelo, akuboneli iziphumo zesitekthi somlinganiselo wesiphumo somsebenzi we-erectile ngokubhekiselele kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi. Ukongezelela, njengoko ugqirha ophando luchaza ngokubhaliweyo ngokusemthethweni kwiphepha, abalobi beemviwo, "abazange banikeze umfundi ngeenkcukacha ezaneleyo malunga noluntu oluthatywayo okanye uhlalutyo luhlalutya ukulungiselela isigqibo sabo" [51]. Ukongeza, abaphandi baphanda iiyure zoononopopasho ze-intanethi zisetyenziswa ngenyanga yokugqibela. Nangona kunjalo izifundo kwi-intanethi yezilwanyana ezigqithisileyo ziye zafumanisa ukuba ukutshintsha kweeyure ze-intanethi zisebenzisa i-yedwa ngokungahambelani "neengxaki zobomi bemihla ngemihla", amanqaku kwi-SAST-R (Uvavanyo lweZilingo zoLwaphulo lweSondo), kwaye amanqaku kwi-IATsex (isixhobo ovavanya umlingo kwi-intanethi ye-intanethi) [52, 53, 54, 55, 56]. I-predictor engcono yinkqubo yokuzibandakanya ngokwesondo ngokuzithoba xa ukhangele i-intanethi ye-pornography (cue reactivity), i-correlate eqinisiweyo yokuziphatha komlingo kuzo zonke izilingo [52, 53, 54]. Kukho ubungqina obuninzi bokuthi ixesha elichithwe kwi-intanethi-yezemidlalo ayiyikuxela ukuziphatha komlutha. "Umlutha unokuhlolwa kuphela xa iinjongo, iziphumo kunye neempawu zengcamango zokuziphatha ziyingxenye yovavanyo" [57]. Amanye amaqela athando oluthathu, esebenzisa iinqununu ezahlukahlukeneyo "zokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini" (ngaphandle kweeyure zokusetyenziswa), ziye zadibanisa kakhulu neengxaki zesini [15, 30, 31]. Ithathiwe kunye, olu phando lucebisa ukuba endaweni yokuba "kusetyenziswe iiyure", izinto ezininzi ezichanekileyo zibaluleke kakhulu kuvavanyo lweziyobisi / iphonografi, kwaye kufanelekile kakhulu ekuvavanyeni ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezesondo. ”

Iphepha laseMelika laseMelika laqaqambisa ubuthathaka ekulungelelaniseni "iiyure zangoku zokusetyenziswa" ukuqikelela ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo. Inani le-porn elibonwayo ngoku yenye yezinto ezininzi ezibandakanyekayo kuphuhliso lwe-ED. Oku kunokubandakanya:

1. Ukulinganiswa kwe-masturbation kwi-pornography ngokuxhatshazwa ngaphandle kokugqwetha
2. Ukulinganiswa komsebenzi wesondo kunye nomntu ngokubhekisana nokuhlaziya i-pornography
3. Iimpompo zesini esahlukanisiweyo (apho umntu uthembela kwi-pornography kuphela)
4. Intombi okanye ayikho
5. Iyonke iiyure zokusetyenziswa
6. Iminyaka yokusetyenziswa
7. Ubudala buqale ukusebenzisa i-porn
8. Ukunyuka kwamanani olutsha
9. Ukuphuhliswa kwezithintelo zoononopopayi (ukusuka ekuhlaleni kweentlobo zeentlobo zoononophala)
10. Inqanaba lentengiso ngeseshoni (oko kukuthi amavidiyo okuhlanganiswa, iithebhu ezininzi)
11. Ingqondo ehlobene neziyobisi ishintsha okanye ayikho
12. Ubuninzi boxhatshazo / ubumlingo obungcolileyo

Indlela engcono yokuphanda le nkcazo, kukususa uguquko lwe-intanethi ukusebenzisa kwaye ugcine umphumo, okwenziwe kwiphepha leMavy kunye nakwezinye izifundo ezimbini. Oluphando luchaza bangela endaweni yokubambisana okungaqhelekanga evulelwe ukutolika okuchaseneyo. Indawo yam liweyo amawaka ambalwa amadoda asusa i-porno kwaye afunyanwa kwiimeko ezingasondelanga zesondo.

Umhlaba kunye no-Štulhofer 2015 (Ngaba iifoto zoononophala zisebenzisa ezihambelanayo neengxaki zobundlobongela kunye neengxaki ezithintekayo phakathi kwaBantu abancinci? Uluhlu olufutshane):

Njengoko Udumo kunye nePfaus, 2015, le "Nxibelelwano ngokufutshane" ayiphumelelanga ukufumanisa naziphi na izifundo ezinjengekhoboka leziyobisi. Ngaphandle kwezilonda zoononophala ukuvavanya akunako ukukhohlisa "imiphumo emibi" ye-pornography. Impendulo kuGola yatsho ukuba Umhlaba kunye neŠtulhofer, I-2015 ayifumananga ubudlelwane phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana kunye neengxaki zesini. Oku akuyinyani, njengoko kuboniswe kuzo zombini le YBOP ihlalutye kwaye Ukuhlolisiswa kweencwadi zonxweme zase-US:

Iphepha le sibini lichaze ukulungelelanisa okuncane phakathi kwexesha le-intanethi ye-intanethi esetyenziswayo kunyaka odlulileyo kunye namazinga e-ED kumadoda asebenza ngokwesondo aseNorway, ePortugal naseCroatia [6]. Aba babhali, ngokungafani nala maphepha adlulileyo, bavuma ukuphakama okuphezulu kwe-ED kumadoda e-40 nangaphantsi, kwaye ngokwenene bafumene i-ED kunye ne-low-rate ye-sex desire rates ephakamileyo njenge-31% kunye ne-37%, ngokulandelanayo. Ngokwahlukileyo, uphando lwe-intanethi yangaphambi kokusasazwa kwi-2004 ngenye yabalobi bephepha babika amazinga e-ED kuphela kwe-5.8% kumadoda 35-39 [58]. Sekunjalo, ngokusekelwe kwimizekelo yokubala, abalobi banokugqiba ukuba i-intanethi ye-intanethi isebenzisa ayibonakali ingozi ebalulekileyo ye-ED yolutsha. Okubonakala kubonakale ngokugqithiseleyo, ngenxa yokuba amadoda asePutukezi abahlolisayo babika amaxabiso angaphantsi kweentsebenzo zesini ngokwesilinganiselo namaNorway nakwaseCroatia, kwaye kuphela i-40% yasePortugal ibiza ukusebenzisa i-intanethi ye-intanethi "kwiihlandlo eziliqela ngeveki ukuya kwimihla ngemihla", xa kuthelekiswa namaNorway , I-57%, kunye ne-Croatians, i-59%. Eli phepha liye lagxeka ngokusemthethweni ngenxa yokuhluleka ukusebenzisa amacebo amaninzi anakho ukuhlanganisa ulwalamano oluchanekileyo nolungathandangayo phakathi kwezinto ezikhoyo ezaziwa okanye ezixhomekeke kumsebenzi [59]. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kwiphepha elihambelana nomnqweno oswelekileyo wesini ezibandakanya abaninzi abathathi-nxaxheba abafanayo ukusuka ePortugal, eCroatia naseNorway, amadoda abuzwa ukuba zeziphi izinto ezikholelwa ukuba zinegalelo ekunqongopheni kwabo ngentsingiselo yesondo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, malunga ne-11% -22% ukhethe "Ndiyisebenzisa kakhulu imifanekiso engamanyala" kunye ne-16% -26% inyulo "Ndiyidlala ngokugqithiseleyo" [60].

Njengoko oogqirha beNavy bechazile, eli phepha lafumana unxibelelwano olubaluleke kakhulu: Kuphela yi-40% yamadoda amaPhuthukezi asebenzisa iphonografi rhoqo, ngelixa i-60% yabantu baseNorway basebenzisa iphonografi rhoqo. Amadoda amaPhuthukezi ayengasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo kunamaNorway. Ngokubhekisele kwiiCroats, Umhlaba kunye neŠtulhofer, I-2015 yavuma ubudlelwane obubalulekileyo phakathi kokusetyenziswa koononophelo oludlulileyo kunye no-ED, kodwa bathi ukuba ubungakanani besayizi buncinane. Nangona kunjalo, eli bango lingakhohliswa ngokwe-MD eli-statistician enezakhono kwaye ibhale izifundo ezininzi:

Uhlalutyo lwendlela eyahlukileyo (i-Chi squared),… ukusetyenziswa okuphakathi (ngokuchasene nokusetyenziswa rhoqo) kwandise ukungangqinelani (amathuba) okuba ne-ED malunga ne-50% kwaba bantu baseCroatia. Oko kuvakala kunentsingiselo kum, nangona kunomdla wokuba ukufunyanwa kuye kwabonwa kuphela phakathi kwamaCroats.

Ukwengeza, Umhlaba kunye neStulhofer I-2015 yashiye imibini emibini ebalulekileyo, enye yabalobi nkomfa yaseYurophu. Uxele unxibelelwano olubalulekileyo phakathi kokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile kunye "nokukhetha iintlobo ezithile zoononografi":

Ukuxela ukhetho lwezinto ezithile ezibonisa amanyala idibene kakhulu ne-erectile (kodwa kungenanto ejaculatory okanye ehlobene nomnqweno) wesilisa zesini. "

Iyayichaza loo nto Umhlaba kunye neStulhofer ukhetha ukushiya ukulungelelanisa okuphawulekayo phakathi kokungasebenzi kwe-erectile kunye nokukhethwa kwimihlobo ethile ye-porn ephuma kumaphepha abo. Kuqhelekile ukuba abasebenzisi bezithombe zoononophala baqhube kwiintlobo ezingafani neemfuno zabo zokuqala zesondo, kwaye bafumane ama-ED xa ezi zikhethiweyo zezilwanyana ezingabonakaliyo zihambelana nokuhlangana kwezesondo zangempela. Njengoko thina kunye ne-US Navy sikhankanywe ngasentla, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvavanya iinguqu ezininzi ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa koonobumba-kungekhona iiyure kwinyanga yokugqibela, okanye ukuvama kwonyaka odlulileyo.

Okwesibini ukufumanisa okuphawulekayo okushiyiweyo Umhlaba kunye neStulhofer I-2015 yabandakanyekayo abathathi-nxaxheba:

Ibango le-5: Abasebenzisi bezononti bezentlalo banokuxinezeleka ngakumbi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwabo koonwabo kunokuba bakholelwa kuThixo

UKUSEBENZA: Kwakhona, uxinzelelo olunexinzelelo ekubukeni kwezeshini zefilimu luboniswe ukuba lunxulumene kakhulu kunye neempawu zengqondo kunye neembali zonqulo (Grubbs et al., 2014). Oku kuxhasa imbeko yezenzo zentlalo yesimo sengxaki yokujonga iifayile zesini.

Nantsi impendulo kuMzamo kaGola wokuzama ukukhangela iziyobisi kwi-porn iphambuka kude kude ekujoliseni. Yintoni esimele siyenze ngokubonakala ngathi kuyacaca ukuba inkolo enzulu iba noxinzelelo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwabo gwenxa kunabantu abangakholelwayo kubukho bukaThixo? Ngaba oku kufumanisa kungalunganga njani kwimodeli yeziyobisi ezingamanyala? Ayenzi njalo. Ngapha koko, uphononongo olukhankanyiweyo aluzange luzixakekise “uxinzelelo oluxinzeleleke ekubukeni kwefilimu yesondo."

Oko kwathiwa, amanqaku amaninzi malunga nezifundo zikaJoshua Grubbs ("izifundo zokulutha umlutha") baye bazama ukupenda umfanekiso okhohlisayo wento efundwa ngayo ukuxilongwa kweziyobisi kwaye zichaza ukuba ziphi iziphumo. Ukuphendula kula manqaku abubuxoki, YBOP yapapashwa olu calulo olubanzi zamabango ezenziwe kwizifundo ezixhamla umlutha kunye namacandelo athile adibanayo.

QAPHELA: Isifundo esitsha (Fernandez et al., 2017) kuvavanywe kwaye kwahlalutywa i-CPUI-9, iphepha lemibuzo elalichazwa ngokuba "likhoboka lemifanekiso engamanyala" elenziwa nguJoshua Grubbs, kwaye lafumanisa ukuba alinakuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo or "Ukubona iziyobisi ezingamanyala" (Ngaba i-Cyber ​​Pornography Sebenzisa i-Inventory-izikolo ze-9 zibonakalisa ukunyanzeliswa okwenene kwi-Intanethi ye-Iphonyayili? Ukuqwalasela indima yokuzilahla). Kwakhona kwafumanisa ukuba i-1/3 yemibuzo ye-CPUI-9 kufuneka ishiywe ukubuyisela iziphumo ezifanelekileyo ezinxulumene "nokungavumi kokuziphatha", "inkolo", kunye "neeyure zokusebenzisa iphonografi." Iziphumo ziphakamisa ukungathandabuzeki malunga nezigqibo ezithatyathwe kuso nasiphi na isifundo esisebenzise i-CPUI-9 okanye exhomekeke kwizifundo eziyisebenzisileyo. Uninzi lweenkxalabo zesifundo esitsha kunye nokugxeka kubonisa ezo zichazwe kolu banzi YBOP ihlalutya.

Grubbs et al., 2014 (Ukugqithisa njengoMlutha: Ukukholelwa kobuNkokeli kunye nokuNqabileyo koMgaqo njengamaqhinga okuLungisa ukuTyekiswa koTyhila):

Ukunyaniseka kwesi sifundo:

1. Olu phononongo aluphumelelanga ukufumanisa ukuba ngubani kwaye wayengenguye umlutha we-porn, ngoko ke ayisihambelani nokuvavanya imodeli yeziyobisi ezingamanyala.
2. Ngokuchasene neMpendulo kuGola ngasentla, olu phononongo aluzange luchaphazeleuxinzelelo oluxinzeleleke ekubukeni kwefilimu yesondo.Igama "uxinzelelo" alikho kwi Ukufunda okungabonakaliyo.
3. Ngokuchasene nePhendula kwiGola kunye Grubbs et al., 2014 siphelo, Isalathiso esinamandla kunazo zonke sokugqithiswa koononophelo lwamaxesha okwenene kwimizuzu yokusetyenziswa koononophelo, ayikho inkolo! Yabona candelo elibanzi kunye neetafile zokufunda, unxibelelwano, kunye noko kufunyenwe sisifundo.
4. Xa siphula iphepha lemibuzo lemibuzo malunga neziyobisi ze-Grubbs (i-CPUI-9), ubudlelwane phakathi "kwenkolo" kunye nokuziphatha okungumlutha wokuziphatha (Imizamo yokuFikelela kwimibuzo eyi-4-6) ayikho kwaphela. Beka ngokulula: inkolo ayinanto yakwenza nayo ngokwenene umlutha wezobisi.
5. Kwelinye icala, ubudlelwane obomeleleyo bukhona phakathi "kweeyure zokusetyenziswa kwe-porn" kunye ziphatha kakubi njengoko kuvavanywa yimibuzo ye "Imizamo yokufikelela" 4-6. Beka ngokulula: Umlutha wobugqwetha unxulumene kakhulu nomlinganiselo woononophelo ubonwa.

Phendula uGola, iibhlog ezinje ngoDavid Ley, kunye noGrubbs uqobo, kubonakala ngathi bazama ukwakha isimemo sokuba iintloni zonqulo ngoyena ndoqo "unobangela wokuziphatha gwenxa kwe-porn. Kodwa ayisiyonyani into yokuba izifundo "zokulutha" bubungqina beli nqaku lithethayo. Kwakhona, uhlalutyo olubanzi debunks the “Iziyobisi ezingamanyala ziintloni zonqulo kuphela" Kleyima. Imeme iyaqhekeka xa sijonga ukuba:

1. Ihlazo lenkolo alubangeli ukuba utshintsho lwengqondo lubukise abo bafumaneka kwiziyobisi. Ngokwahlukileyo, kukho ngoku Izifundo ze-41 ze-neurological ukuguquka kwengxelo yomlutha ejongene noxilongo kubasebenzisi bentlonelo / abatshatyalaliswa ngokwesondo.
2. Izifundo ezibonakalayo zokulutha abazange basebenzise isahluko esiphambene nabantu. Kunoko, kuphela abasebenzisi bezononophelo (abakholwayo okanye abangahloneliyo) baxoxwa. Ukuxhaswa kweengxelo zihlawulela izinga elincinci lokuziphatha ngokunyanzela ngokwesondo kunye nokusetyenziswa koononophelo kubantu (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24).
   • Oku kuthetha ukuba isampulu kaGrubbs "yabasebenzisi be-porn zonqulo" incinci kwaye ayinakuphikiswa kubantu abaneemeko esele zikho okanye imiba esembindini.
   • Ikwathetha ukuba "inkolo" iyayenza hayi qi kelela u Kunoko, ukukholelwa kwenkolo kubonakala ngathi khusela omnye ekuhlakuleleni umlutha wezobisi.
3. abaninzi abangakholelwa kuThixo kunye nama-agnostics ukuphuhlisa umlutha wezobisi. Izifundo ezimbini ze-2016 kubantu abasebenzisa i-porno ekugqibeleni iinyanga ze-6 zokugqibela, okanye iinyanga ze-3 zokugqibela, lichazwe ngamazinga aphezulu kakhulu okusetyenziswa koonwabo (i-28% kwizifundo zombini).
4. Ukuba yinkolo akwenzi ukungasebenzi kakuhle okungapheliyo, i-libido ephantsi kunye ne-anorgasmia emadodeni asempilweni. Okwangoku ezininzi izifundo ukudibanisa ukusetyenziswa koononophelo kwiinkcaso zesondo kunye nokwaneliseka kwezesondo, kwaye Iingqinisiso ze-ED ezingenakucaciswa ziphakanyiswe yi-1000% Kwamadoda angaphantsi kwe-40 ukusukela oko "ityhubhu" yoononophala yathatha ingqalelo yababukeli be-porn ukuqala ukuphela kuka-2006.
5. le Ucwaningo lwe-2016 malunga nokufuna unyango lwezilwanyana fu manise ukuba inkolo ayizange ilandelelanise eneempawu ezingekhoyo okanye amanqaku kwi-questionnaire ye-sex addiction. Oku Ucwaningo lwe-2016 ekufuneni unyango lwabantu abathandanayo fu maneka Akukho buhlobo phakathi kokuzibophezela kwezenkolo kunye namanqanaba okuziphatha okuxhatshaxisayo kunye nemiphumo ehambelanayo.
6. Uphando lubonisa ukuba njengobunzima bonyango lwabo loonopopayi, ukwanda kwabantu bexakeka kwiinkonzo zonqulo, bahlala kwicawa rhoqo, kwaye bazinikezela ngakumbi njengendlela yokufumana / ukufuna ukubuyiswa (cinga i-12 Steps). Le yedwa inokuthi ilandelelanise nayiphi na ubudlelwane phakathi kokulutha kwezilonda kunye nokukholelwa kwimizimba.

Isishwankathelo:

• Bobabini i-Phendula kwi-Gola ukuqinisekiswa kunye nesifundo esisicatshulwayo asinanto yokwenza imodeli yoxhatshazo.
• I-2014 Grubbs "yokuqonda ukuba likhoboka leziyobisi" ifumene okunene ukuba likhoboka le-porn lalinxulumene kakhulu nesixa se-porn esijongiweyo kunenkolo.
• Akukho bungqina bokuba "iintloni" zonqulo zibangela utshintsho olunxulumene neziyobisi, kodwa ezi nguqu ziye zafunyanwa Iingxaki zabasebenzisi boononophelo abanengxaki.
• Kukho ubungqina obuninzi bokuba inkolo iyabakhusela abantu ekusebenziseni iphonografi kwaye ngenxa yoko iziyobisi ezingamanyala.
• Isampulu kaGrubbs "yabasebenzisi be-porn zonqulo" ayihambelani ngamacandelo, kwaye ke ngenxa yoko ngokungathandabuzekiyo kujongwe kumanqanaba aphezulu okuxelwa kwemfuza okanye imiba esembindini.
• Izifundo ezimbini zakutshanje zichaze ukuba akukho buhlobo phakathi kokugqithiswa koononophelo kunye nokukholelwa kwindoda kubantu abafuna unyango.

uhlaziyo: Izifundo ezibini ezitsha ziqhuba isigxina ngentliziyo yokuba "inkolo ibangela ukuba likhoboka lamanyala":

• Ucwaningo olutsha aluvumelekanga i-Grubbs CPUI-9 njengesixhobo sokuvavanya "ukugqithiswa kwezilwanyana zoonografi" okanye umlutha woonografi (2017)
• Abantu bezenkolo basebenzisa izilwanyana ezincinci kwaye abasenakukholelwa ukuba bakholwa ukuba bangumlutha (2017)

ICANDELO LESIBINI: I-Critique yamabango ambalwa achaziweyo

intshayelelo

Kweli candelo sivavanya ezimbalwa zezibhengezo ezingasekelwanga kunye neengxelo zobuxoki ezibekwe kwiPhendula kuGola. Ngelixa kuzama ukucela umngeni kwiMpendulo yeGola ngomgca, ubuthathaka bayo obukhulu kukuba iimpikiswano zayo zicacile. Bayasilela ukulungisa umxholo wefayile ye- YBOP ihlalutya okanye i-9 ukuhlaziywa kontanga Prause et al. 2015 (kubandakanya iMatuesz Gola's): Iingcaphephe ezihlaziyiweyo zontanga Prause et al., 2015. Zonke iingcali ze-9 zihlalutya ziyavuma ukuba Prause et al., I-2015 yafumanisa ukungafuni okanye ukuhlala, okuhambelanayo nomzobo wokulutha. Akunakuthi i-Prause iyathetha ngokucacileyo: Nokuba Prause et al. 2015 khange bafumane-cue-reacaction, kukho izifundo ze-21 ze-neurological eziye zaxela ukwenziwa kwakhona okanye ukuthanda (ukukhuthaza) kubasebenzisi abanyanzelekileyo be-porn. Izifundo zokunika ingxelo ngovakalelo (cue-reactivity kunye neminqweno) kubasebenzisi be-porn / iziyobisi ngokwesondo: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24. Kwizenzululwazi, awuhambanga nokufundisisa okungekho komnye - uhamba kunye nokuxhomekeka kobungqina.

La mabango alandelayo eMpendulo kuGola ahambelana neenkxalabo zikaMateusz Gola malunga Prause et al., Iifayile ze-2015 eziphambili. Iziphene ezininzi kule ndawo kunye nezinye iziPhulo zeziPhulo zishiya nayiphi na iziphumo zophando kunye namabango anxulumene nokungathandabuzeki okukhulu:

1. Izifundo zazingakhange zihlolwe ukuxilwa kwezesondo (izifundo ezinokuthi ziphendule umbuzo omnye).
2. Imibuzo esetyenzisiweyo khange ibuze malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-porn kwaye ibingavumelekanga kuvavanyo "lweziyobisi ezingamanyala."
3. Izifundo zazingenanto (abesilisa, amabhinqa, angabambanga).
4. Izifundo zazingakhange zihlolwe iimeko eziphazamisayo zengqondo, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, imithi yengqondo, iziyobisi eziphathekayo, izilingo zokuziphatha, okanye iingxaki zokunyanzelisa (naluphi na olulodwa olukhutshwayo).

Phendula kwiBango: Prause et al., I-2015 isebenzise indlela "efanelekileyo" ekugayweni nasekuchongeni ukuba zeziphi izifundo ezazikhobokisa iphonografi kwaye Voon et al., 2014 khange i.

Akukho nto ingaba yinyani kwi nyaniso, njengoko Prause et al. indlela eyahlulekayo kuwo onke amanqanaba, ngelixa Voon et al. basebenzise iindlela ezinobuchule ekugayweni, ukuvavanywa kunye nokuvavanywa kwezifundo zabo "ezingamakhoboka oononophala" (Izifundo ezinyanzeliswayo zesondo).

Imvelaphi encinane. Umdaniso othelekisa avareji Ukufundwa kwe-EEG kwe-55 "iziyobisi ezingamanyala" kwi avareji Ukufundwa kwe-EEG kwe-67 "engekho umlutha." Ukanti ubunyani be Prause et al., I-2015 iya kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ekuthelekeni kwimizekelo yokusebenza kwengqondo ye-a iqela of utywala iya ku iqela of engekho umlutha. Kumabango kaPrause wobuxoki kunye nezihloko ezithandabuzekayo ezibangela ukuba zibe semthethweni, zonke Izifundo ze-55 zePrause bekuya kufuneka ukuba zibekho iziyobisi ezingamanyala. Akunjalo, kungekhona kakhulu, kodwa ngasinye sifundo (njengeeVoon). Yonke imiqondiso yalatha kwinani elilungileyo lezifundo ze-55 Prause ezingezizo iziyobisi. Isicatshulwa esivela Steele et al., I-2013 ichaza inkqubo yonke yokukhetha kunye neendlela zokukhutshwa eziqeshwe kwi-3 Prause Studies (Prause et al., 2013,  Steele et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2015):

"Izicwangciso zokuqala zazifuna ukuba izigulana zinyangwe ukuze zifumane unyango, kodwa iBhodi yokuPhononongwa kweZiko iyakwalela oku kugaywa ngezizathu zokuba ukuveza la mavolontiya e-VSS kunokubangela ukubuyela umva. Endaweni yokuba abathathi-nxaxheba baqeshwe ePocatello, eIdaho kuluntu nge-Intanethi iintengiso ezicela abantu abajongene neengxaki ezilawula ukujonga kwabo imifanekiso yesondo. "

Yiyo leyo. Indlela ekuphela kwayo yokubandakanywa kukuphendula ewe kumbuzo omnye: “Ngaba uhlangabezana neengxaki ezilawula ukujonga kwakho imifanekiso yesondo. ” Eyokuqala mpazamo ebonakalayo ibandakanya umbuzo wokuhlola, ocela kuphela malunga nokujonga ngesondo imifanekiso, kungekhona ngokujonga i-intanethi ye-intanethi, ngokukodwa ividiyo ezihambayo (ezibonakala ngathi ziyi-porno ezenza iimpawu ezinzima kakhulu).

Iphutha elikhulu kakhulu kukuba i-Prause Studies ayizange ikhumbule izifundo ezinokusebenzisa isondo okanye i-questionnaire yezilonda zokulahla Voon et al. wenza). Kwakungekho zifundo ezinokuthi zibuzwe ukuba ukusetyenziswa koonobumba bubuchaphazele kakubi ubomi babo, enoba bazicingela ukuba banomdla wezononophelo, nokuba ngaba babenempawu ezinjengomlutha (njengeVoon et al. wenza).

Musa ukwenza iphutha, akukho Steele et al., 2013 okanye Prause et al., 2015 ichaze ezi zifundo zingama-55 njengezikhobokisa okanye abantu abasebenzisa i-porn ngokunyanzelwa. Izifundo zivunyelwe kuphela ukuba ziziva "zikhathazekile" kukusetyenziswa kwazo kwe-porn. Ukuqinisekisa ubunjani babafundi bakhe, uPrause wamkelwe Intetho ye2013 ukuba ezinye zezifundo ze-55 zifumana iingxaki ezincinane (oko kuthetha ukuba babenjalo hayi abaxhamli bezobisi):

“Olu phando lubandakanya kuphela abantu abachaze iingxaki, ukusukela ncinane kwiingxaki ezinkulu, ukulawula ukubukela kwabo izinto ezibonakalayo zesini. ”

Ukuqulunqa ukungaphumeleli ukukhupha izifundo ngokubhekiselele kwimizi yobunono, i-3 Prause Studies yakhetha ukungawunaki imilinganiselo yokunciphisa ngokuqhelekileyo eqeshwe kwizifundo zokulutha umlingo ukukhusela i-confounds. I-Prause Studies ayizange:

• Izifundo zezikrini zeemeko zengqondo (ukukhutshwa ngokuzenzekelayo)
• Izifundo zesikrini zezinye izilingo (ukukhutshwa ngokuzenzekelayo)
• Buza abafundi ukuba basebenzise imithi yengqondo yengqondo (ngokuphindaphindiweyo yokuxhomekeka)
• Izifundo zesikrini ngalabo basebenzisa iziyobisi (ukukhutshwa ngokuzenzekelayo)

Voon et al., I-2014 yenza konke oku ngasentla kunye nokunye okuninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba baphando nje kuphela, izifundo ezixhatshazwayo. Kunjalo Prause et al., 2015 avumile ukuba baqeshwe hayi iindlela zokungabandakanyi izifundo:

"Njengokuba i-hypersexuality is not a codified diagnostic kwaye besingavunyelwanga ukuba sifumane izigulana, akukho milinganiselo inokusetyenziselwa ukubonisa abasebenzisi beengxaki"

Kubonakala ngathi kumbono kaPrause ngokuphendula nje umbuzo omnye wentengiso uhlangabeze iikhrayitheriya zokukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwezifundo zePrause. Oku kusizisa kwinkxalabo kaMatuesz Gola malunga nezifundo zikaPrause ezingezizo iziyobisi ezingamanyala, njengoko bejonga kuphela umndilili weeyure ze-3.8 zoononophala ngeveki, ngelixa izifundo zeVoon zijonga iiyure ze-13.2 ngeveki:

Mateusz Gola: "Kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kuPrause et al. (2015) Abasebenzisi abanengxaki basebenzisa iphonografi ngokomndilili we-3.8 ngeveki iphantse yafana nabasebenzisi abangamanyala abanganangxaki eKühn naseGallinat (2014) abadla umndilili we-4.09 ngeveki. KwiVoon et al. (2014) abasebenzisi abangenangxaki baxela i-1.75 ngeyure kunye nengxaki ye-13.21 h / iveki (SD = 9.85) -Idatha eboniswe yiVoon ngexesha lenkomfa ye-American Psychological Science ngoMeyi 2015. ”

Iiyure zokusetyenziswa koononongo ngeveki kwisifundo ngasinye:

• Voon et al: Iiyure ze-13.2 (zonke ziyizilonda zezobugqwetha)
• Kuhn kunye neGallinat: Iiyure ezingama-4.1
• Prause et al: Iiyure ze-3.8 (akukho mntu uyazi)

UGola uphinde wacinga ngendlela izifundo zikaPrause ezingama-55 ezinokuba ngamakhoboka eziyobisi ezingamanyala (ngenjongo “yokukhohlisa ubukhoboka be-porn”) xa bebukele Ngaphantsi pho nonunu kunokuba Kühn & Gallinat, 2014 engekho umlutha. Njani kwihlabathi zonke yezifundo zePrause zibe "iziyobisi ezingamanyala" xa nanye ye UKühn kunye neGallinat Izifundo zeziyobisi ezingamanyala? Nangona kunjalo zibhalwe, izifundo kufuneka zithelekiswe kwizifundo zonke ngaphambi kokuba ubange ukuba "wenze inkohliso" kuphando olukhuphisanayo. Le yinkqubo yesayensi esisiseko.

Ke, uPrause kunye nenkampani bayilungisa njani imingxunya emininzi yokuqesha kunye neenkqubo zovavanyo? Ngokuhlasela ubuchule obucokisekileyo be Voon et al., 2014! Okokuqala, inkcazo yenkqubo yokuqesha, inkqubo yokuvavanya ukuxhatshazwa kwezesondo, kunye neendlela zokungabikho ezifunyenwe kuzo Voon et al., 2014 (kwakhona ubone Schmidt et al., 2016 & Banca et al., 2016):

Izifundo ze-CSB ziye zafunyanwa kusetyenziswa intengiso esekwe kwi-intanethi nakwizithunyelo ezivela kubanyangi. I-HV eyindoda ehambelana nobudala yafunyanwa kwizibhengezo ezisekwe kuluntu kwingingqi ye-East Anglia. Zonke izifundo ze-CSB zadliwanondlebe nogqirha wezengqondo ukuqinisekisa ukuba bazalisekisile iikhrayitheriya zokuqonda isifo kwi-CSB (yafezekisa imigaqo yokuphononongwa kwesifo sokudibana kwabantu abaxhatshazwayo [Kafka 2010; Reid et al., 2012] kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo [Carnes et al., 2007]), egxininise ekusebenzisweni ngokunyanzeliso kwezinto eziphathekayo zobulili kwi-intanethi. Oku kuhlolwe kusetyenziswa inguqu eguqulelwe ye-Arizona Sexual Scale (ASES) [Mcgahuey et al., 2011], apho imibuzo yaphendulwa kwinqanaba le-1-8, elinamanani aphakamileyo abonisa ukukhubazeka okukhulu. Ngenxa yobume beziqulatho, zonke izifundo ze-CSB kunye ne-HV zazingamadoda kunye nesondo. Zonke i-HV zazindala (± 5 iminyaka ubudala) kunye nezifundo ze-CSB. Izifundo zaye zahlolwa ukuba zihambelane nommandla we-MRI njengoko senze ngaphambili [Banca et al., 2016; Mechelmans et al., 2014; Voon et al., 2014]. Inkqubo yokukhuphela iquka ukungena phantsi kwe-18 yeminyaka ubudala, eneembali ze-SUD, ekubeni ngumsebenzisi oqhelekileyo wezinto ezingekho mthethweni (kuquka i-cannabis), kunye nesifo esibucayi seengqondo, kuquka ukuxinezeleka okukhulu okwexeshana okanye ukuphazamiseka kokunyanzelekayo, okanye imbali ye-bipolar disorder okanye i-schizophrenia (ichongiwe isebenzisa iMigodi ye-International Neuropsychiatric Inventory) [Sheehan et al., 1998]. Ezinye izidakamizwa zokunyanzelisa okanye zokuziphatha nazo zazingekho. Izifundo zavavanywa nguthambo lweengxaki malunga nokusetyenziswa kweengxaki kwi-intanethi okanye kwi-media media, ukugembula kwentsholongwane okanye ukuthenga izinto ezinyanzelisayo, ubuntwaneni okanye umntu omdala ekukhathaleleni ukungathandabuzeki kwimeko yokugula, kunye nokuxilongwa kweengxaki zokutya. Izifundo zagqitywa i-UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale [i-Whiteside neLynam, 2001] ukuvavanya ukungahambi kakuhle, kunye ne-Beck Depression Inventory [u-Beck et al., 1961] ukuvavanya. Izifundo ezimbini ze-23 CSB zithatha i-anti-depressants okanye zine-disorbid disorder disorder and social phobia (N = 2) okanye phobia yentlalo (N = 1) okanye imbali yobuntwana ye-ADHD (N = 1). Imvume ebhaliweyo ifunyenwe, kwaye isifundo savunywa yiKomiti yeeNqobo eziseSikweni yoPhando kwiDyunivesithi yaseCambridge. Izifundo zahlawulwa ngokuthatha kwabo inxaxheba. ”

“Amadoda alishumi elinethoba athandana nabantu besini esahlukileyo abane-CSB (iminyaka engama-25.61 (SD 4.77) kunye neminyaka eli-19 elinganayo (iminyaka engama-23.17 (SD 5.38)) amavolontiya angamadoda aphilileyo ngaphandle kwe-CSB afundwe. Ifayile yeS1). I-25 eyongezelelweyo edala (i-25.33 (SD 5.94) iminyaka) amavolontiya angamaqabane aphilileyo ahlalutye amavidiyo. Izifundo ze-CSB zichazwe ukuba ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwezixhobo ezicacileyo zesondo, belahlekelwe yimisebenzi ngenxa yokusebenza emsebenzini (N = 2), ubudlelwane obusondeleyo obunobungozi okanye abangathintekanga kakubi kwezinye izinto zezenhlalakahle (N = 16), abanamava okunciphisa ama-libre okanye erectile isebenze ngokukhethekileyo ekusebenzisaneni ngokobuhlobo kunye nabasetyhini (nangona bengenalo ubudlelwane nezixhobo ezicacileyo ngokwesini) (N = 11), ezisetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa ngokweqile (N = 3), iinjongo zokuzibulala (N = 2) kunye nokusebenzisa imali eninzi (N = 3; ukusuka kwi-£ 7000 ukuya kwi-£ 15000). Izifundo ezilishumi zineziphumo okanye zibekwe ngcebiso ngokuziphatha kwabo. Zonke izifundo zichaze i-masturbation kunye nokubukela kwezinto ezibonakalayo zobulili kwi-intanethi. Izifundo zivakalise nokusetyenziswa kweenkonzo zokuhambisa (N = 4) kunye ne-cybersex (N = 5). Kwinguqu eguqulelwe i-Arizona Sexual Scale Scale [43], Izifundo ze-CSB eziqhathaniswa namavolontiya anempilo zazinzima kakhulu ngokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kunye nobunzima obuninzi be-erectile kwizidlelwane zesondo zobudlelwane obusondelene naye kodwa kungabalulekanga ngokubhekiselele kwisondo (i-Table S3 Ifayile yeS1). "

Impendulo eya kwiGlala yokuhlaselwa Voon et al., 2014:

"UGola uphawula ukuba iiyure zokusetyenziswa kwefilimu zibonakala ziphantsi kubathathi-nxaxheba kunezinye izifundo ezimbini zokusetyenziswa kwengxaki. Sikukhombisile oku kwiphepha lethu (isiqendu esiqala "Iqela leengxaki linike ingxelo ngokubonakalayo…"). UGola uphikisa ukuba isampulu yabasebenzisi beengxaki baxele iiyure ezimbalwa zokujonga ifilimu ngaphandle kwesampulu yengxaki evela kwiVoon et al. (2014). Nangona kunjalo, iVoon et al. Ukuqeshwa ngokukodwa kubathathi-nxaxheba kwihlazo lokwabelana ngesondo, kubandakanya iintengiso kwiiwebhusayithi ezenzelwe ihlazo malunga nokusetyenziswa kweefilimu ezikwabelana ngesondo, "amadoda afuna unyango" ngaphandle kokusebenzisa "iphonografi" engaziwa yiDSM-5, kunye nenkxaso mali yomboniso kamabonakude owenziweyo njenge "ukwenzakala" kwe "porn". Abo bamkela iilebheli zokulutha babonakalisiwe ukuba banembali yamaxabiso olondolozo lwentlalo kunye nenkolo ephezulu (iGrubbs, Exline, Pargament, Hook, kunye neCarlisle, 2014). Kungenzeka ukuba iVoon et al. (2014) Isampulu ibonakaliswa ziintloni eziphezulu ngokwesini kwiindawo ezihlala kwi-Intanethi ezikhuthaza ukunika ingxelo ngokusetyenziswa okuphezulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-“porn” kwavavanywa ngexesha lodliwanondlebe olwakhiwe, hayi iphepha lemibuzo elimiselweyo. Yiyo loo nto ii-psychometrics kunye nokuchasana okungafunekiyo okuvela kudliwanondlebe olucwangcisiweyo akwaziwa. Oku kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukuthelekisa amanyathelo okusetyenziswa kweefilimu zesini phakathi kwezifundo. Isicwangciso-qhinga sethu sokuchonga amaqela siyahambelana nomsebenzi okhankanywe ngokubanzi obonisa ukubaluleka kwesikhombiso soxinzelelo kubunzima bezesondo (iBancroft, iLoftus, kunye neLong, 2003).

Ayisiyonto eyodlula iwebhu yeengxelo ezibubuxoki ezichazwe ngokulula kunye namabango angaqinisekanga abalwe ukuguqula ingqalelo yomfundi kude nenkqubo yokuhlola yokunqongophala kukaPrause. Siqala ngo:

Phendula kuGola: Nangona kunjalo, iVoon et al. kubandakanywa ngokuthe ngqo kubathathi-nxaxheba ephakamileyo kwiintloni zesini, kuquka iintengiso kwiiwebhusayithi ezihlaziyiweyo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwefilimu, "ukufuna unyango" amadoda nangona "ukusetyenziswa koonobumba" asetyenziswanga yi-DSM-5, kwaye kunye nenkxaso ye-TV show njengesiqhelo "sezononophelo."

Okokuqala, impendulo kwiGola ayibonisi bungqina bokuxhasa ibango lokuba abathathi-nxaxheba bafumana "ihlazo eliphezulu lezesondo" okanye baqeshwa kwiindawo ezibizwa ngokuba "ziiwebhusayithi ezihlazo." Le ayisiyonto ingeyonyani engenasiseko. Kwelinye icala, iiPrause Study zafumana izifundo ezivela ePocatello, eIdaho engaphezulu kwe-50% Mormon. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba izifundo zonqulo zikaPrause zaziva zineentloni okanye zinetyala kubudlelwane nokusetyenziswa kwabo gwenxa, ngokuchaseneyo nezifundo zeVoon ezifunyanwa esidlangalaleni e-UK.

Okwesibini, uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba beVoon zaye Ukufuna unyango lweziyobisi ezingamanyala kwaye uthunyelwe ngabanyangi. Yeyiphi indlela ebhetele yokuqinisekisa izifundo ezikhobokisa iphonografi? Kuyinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu ukuba impendulo kwiGola iyijikeleze njengengalunganga (kunokuba ibe namandla angenakuphikiswa), xa i-Prause Study ifuna ukuyisebenzisa kuphela "Ukufuna unyango" amakhoboka ezesondo, kodwa ayathintelwa yibhodi yokujonga eyunivesithi. Kuthathwe kufundo lokuqala lwe-EEG:

Steele et al., 2013: "Izicwangciso zokuqala zibizwa ukuba izigulane zonyango lwezilonda zesondo eziza kubanjwa, kodwa iBhodi yokuPhononongwa kweZiko iyakwalela oku kugaywa ngezizathu zokuba ukuveza la mavolontiya kwi-VSS kunokubangela ukuba uphinde ubuye. ”

Okwesithathu, impendulo eya kwiGola igxotha ekuxoxeni kwamanga ngokubamba oko Voon et al. U-2014 uxhaswe ngemali "ngumboniso weTV." Njengoko kuchaziwe ngokucacileyo kwi Voon et al., 2014, isifundo sasixhaswa ngemali “Wellcome Trust":

Voon et al., 2014: "Inkxaso: Imali enikezelwa ngu-Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellowship grant (093705 / Z / 10 / Z). UGqirha Potenza waye waxhaswa ngenxalenye yezibonelelo yi-P20 DA027844 kunye ne-R01 DA018647 evela kumaZiko ezeMpilo kaZwelonke; iSebe likaRhulumente waseConnecticut lezeMpilo yeNgqondo kunye neeNkonzo zoTywala; iZiko leMpilo yeNgqondo laseConnecticut; kunye neZiko lokuGqwesa kwiBhaso loPhando loNgcakazo kwiZiko leLizwe leMidlalo eliChaphazelekayo. Abaxhasi-mali bebengenandima kuyilo lokufunda, ukuqokelela idatha kunye nohlalutyo, isigqibo sokupapasha, okanye ukulungiselela umbhalo obhaliweyo. ”

Oku kulandelwa ngamanqaku angamanga. Umzekelo, impendulo kuGola iphosa kwenye into engeyonyani malunga nayo Voon et al. indlela yokuqesha / yokuhlola:

Phendula kuGola: Kwakhona, "ukusetyenziswa koononophelo" kuhlolwe ngethuba ludliwano-ndlebe oluhlelekile, kungekhona umbuzo wemibuzo.

Buxoki. Ukuphonononga izifundo ezinokwenzeka Voon et al., 2014 esetyenziswayo Ne imibuzo ehambelana nemiqathango kwaye baqeshwe unxibelelwano olunzulu lweengqondo. Oku kulandelayo inkcazo e mfutshane yenkqubo yokhenketwa ethathwe kuyo Banca et al., 2016 (I-CSB yiNtsebenziswano yezesondo ezithintekayo):

Voon et al., 2014: Zifundo ze CSB ikhethiwe usebenzisa i-intanethi yokuhlola i-sex (ISST; Delmonico kunye noMiller, 2003) kunye ne-questionnaire epheleleyo eyenziwe yolu vavanyo ebandakanya izinto ezinxulumene nobudala bokuqala, ubude, ubude, iinzame zokulawula ukusetyenziswa, ukuziyeka, iindlela zokusetyenziswa, unyango kunye nemiphumo emibi. Abathathi-nxaxheba be-CSB baxoxwa ngumbono wezifo zengqondo ukuba baqinisekise ukuba bazalise iisethi ezimbini zeendlela zokuxilonga ze-CSB (iinjongo ezicetywayo zokuxilonga kwi-Hypersexual Disorder; Carnes et al., 2001; Kafka, 2010; Reid et al., 2012), egxile ekusetyenzisweni okunyanzelekileyo kwezinto ezibonisa ngesondo kwi-Intanethi. Ezi khrayitheriya zigxininisa ukusilela kokunciphisa okanye ukulawula indlela yokuziphatha ngokwesondo, kubandakanya nokusetyenziswa kwamanyala, ngaphandle kwezentlalo, ezezimali, ezengqondo nezemfundo okanye iingxaki zomsebenzi. Inkcazo eneenkcukacha zeempawu ze-CSB zichazwe apha Voon et al. (2014).

Kuyothusa ukuba impendulo kwiGola ibinokuba nobuganga bokuthelekisa inkqubo yovavanyo engekhoyo esetyenzisiweyo kwizifundo zePrause (izifundo ziphendule umbuzo-mbuzo omnye) ngenkqubo yokuhlola egqibeleleyo esetyenziselwa Voon et al., 2014:

1. Uvavanyo lwezesondo lwe-Intanethi, Delmonico kunye noMiller, 2003
2. Udliwano-ndlebe ngudokotela wezifo zengqondo owasebenzisa imigaqo yokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kwi-3 imibuzo ephakamileyo kakhulu: Carnes et al., 2001; Kafka, 2010; Reid et al., 2012)
3. I-questionnaire eyongeziweyo yophando malunga neenkcukacha ezibandakanya ubudala bokuqala, ubude, ubude, iinzame zokulawula ukusetyenziswa, ukuziyeka, iindlela zokusetyenziswa, unyango kunye nemiphumo emibi.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, le nkqubo yayiyi-screening to confirm the existence of addiction pornography; Voon et al. ayimanga apho. Amaphepha emibuzo angaphezulu kunye nodliwanondlebe ababandakanyi abo baneemeko zengqondo, iziyobisi okanye isimilo, OCD okanye ukuphazamiseka okunyanzelekileyo, kunye nabaxhaphazi bangoku okanye abadlulileyo. Abaphandi kwiiPrause Study khange benze nanye kwezi.

Ekugqibeleni, impendulo ku-Gola ibuyisela ibango elingenakuxhaswa ukuba ukugqithiswa koononopopayi akunanto ngaphezu kwehlazo lenkolo,

Phendula kuGola: "Abo bamkela iilebheli zokuba likhoboka babonakalisiwe ukuba banembali yamaxabiso oluntu kunye nenkolo ephezulu (iGrubbs, Exline, Pargament, Hook, neCarlisle, 2014)."

Ulungelelaniso olubanjwe phakathi kokulumkisa i-porno kunye nenkolo zibhekiswe ngasentla kwaye idibene ngokupheleleyo kule nto uhlalutyo olunzulu kaJoshuwa Grubbs.

Phendula kwiGola ikhupha iphoso elikhulu Prause et al., I-2015: Ukwahlukahlukana kwezifundo ezingafaniyo

Iingqinisiso zeengxoxo ze-EEG eziphikisanayo zikaNicole Prause (Steele et al., 2013, Prause et al., 2015) baphakamise iinkxalabo ezinzulu malunga nobume obahlukeneyo boononophala "abaxinezelekileyo" besebenzisa izifundo. Izifundo ze-EEG zibandakanya abesilisa nabasetyhini, abesini esahlukileyo kunye nabangafaniyo, kodwa abaphandi bababonisa yonke imigangatho, mhlawumbi engathandekiyo, eyamadoda + amabhinqa amanyala. Oku kubalulekile, kuba iphula inkqubo esemgangathweni yezifundo zokulutha, apho abaphandi bekhetha khona ngokufanayo izifundo ngokobudala, isini, ukuqhelaniswa, nkqu nee-IQ ezifanayo (kunye iqela lolawulo olufanayo) ukuze uphephe ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa ngantlukwano.

Ngamanye amazwi, iziphumo zezifundo ze-2 ze-EEG zazixhomekeka ekubeni amadoda, amabhinqa, kunye nabangewona abantu abahlukeneyo bahluke kwiimpendulo zabo zobuchopho kwimifanekiso yesondo. Nangona kunjalo ukufunda emva kokufundwa kuqinisekisa ukuba amadoda kunye nabasetyhini banempendulo ehlukeneyo yobuchopho kwiimifanekiso zesini okanye iifilimu. UGolla wayesazi oku kwaye wakhankanya eli phutha elibulalayo kwinqaku:

Mateusz Gola: "Kufanelwe ukuphawula ukuba abalobi babonisa iziphumo kubafundi abathathi-nxaxheba kunye nabasetyhini ndawonye, ​​ngoxa uphando lwangoku lubonisa ukuba imifanekiso yezocansi zokulinganisa kunye ne-valence ihluke kakhulu phakathi kwamadoda (jonga: Wierzba et al., 2015). ”

Ngendlela yokunyamezela, impendulo kuGola iyayilahla le ndlovu egumbini: Amadoda kunye nabasetyhini ubuchopho phendula ngokungafaniyo kwimifanekiso yesondo. Endaweni yoko, impendulo kuGola iyasitshela ukuba amadoda namabhinqa bavuswa ngumfanekiso wesondo, kunye nezinye izinto ezingabonakaliyo:

“UGola ubanga ukuba idatha yamadoda nabasetyhini akufuneki iboniswe kunye, kuba abaphenduli kwisini esifanayo. Ngokwenyani, ukuthanda amadoda kunye nabasetyhini kwisini kuninzi kakhulu (Janssen, Carpenter, & Graham, 2003). Njengoko besichazile, imifanekiso yanyanzeliswa ukuba ilingane inkanuko yesini emadodeni nakwabasetyhini. Imifanekiso "yezesondo" evela kwiNkqubo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo echaphazelekayo yongezwa, kuba iqhutywa njengothando kunokuba isondo ngamadoda nabafazi (Spiering, Everaerd, & Laan, 2004). Okubaluleke ngakumbi, uphando lubonakalisile ukuba iyantlukwano kumanqanaba okuvuselela inkanuko yesini enxulumene nesini ayaqondwa ngcono njengonobangela wesondo (Wehrum et al., 2013). Kuba umnqweno wesini wawungumbono wesifundo, kwakungafanelekanga ukwahlula iingxelo zesini ngokwesini esaziwayo: isini. ”

Impendulo engentla ayinanto yakwenza nokugxekwa kukaMateusz Gola: Xa ujonga eyona nto iphambili yamadoda abhinqileyo nabasetyhini ibonisa ubuchwephesha bengqondo (EEG) kunye neepatheni zokuhamba kwegazi (fMRI). Umzekelo, oku Uvavanyo lweEEG ifumanise ukuba abasetyhini banokufundwa okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-EEG kunamadoda xa bejonga imifanekiso efanayo yesondo. Awunakho ukulinganisela kunye ukufundwa kwe-EEG yamadoda nabasetyhini, njengoko iZifundo zoMduli zenzayo, kwaye uphele nantoni na enentsingiselo. Kananjalo awunakuthelekisa iimpendulo zobuchopho zeqela elixubeneyo kunye neempendulo zobuchopho kwelinye iqela elixubekileyo, njengoko kwenziwa izifundo zePrause.

Kukho isizathu sokuba kungabikho nanye ishicilelwe izifundo ze-neurological on users of porn (ngaphandle kwaPrause's) abaxubileyo nabesilisa nabasetyhini. Isifundo ngasinye semithambo-luvo sasibandakanya izifundo ezazingabesini esinye kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokwabelana ngesondo. Ewe, uPrause ngokwakhe watsho isifundo sangaphambili (2012) ukuba abantu bahluka ngokugqithiseleyo kwimpendulo yabo kwimifanekiso yesondo:

Izinto ezikwimiboniso bhanyabhanya zisemngciphekweni wokwahluka komntu ngamnye kuqwalaselo lwamacandelo ahlukeneyo (Rupp & Wallen, 2007), ukuthanda umxholo othile (uJanssen, Goodrich, Petrocelli, & Bancroft, 2009) okanye iimbali zeklinikhi ezenza iinxalenye zesikhuthazo (1998) UWouda et al., XNUMX). ”

"Okwangoku, abantu baya kwahluka ngokubalaseleyo kwimpawu ezibonakalayo ezibonisa inkanuko yesini kubo (Graham, Sanders, Milhausen, & McBride, 2004)."

2013 Uphononongo lwezifundo wathi:

"Izifundo ezininzi zisebenzisa iNkqubo yeHlabathi yokuFunda eChaphazelekayo (uLang, uBradley, noCuthbert, 1999) sebenzisa imigaqo eyahlukileyo yamadoda nabasetyhini kwisampuli. "

Kuyahluka kulindeleke ngeqela leentlobo ezahlukeneyo zobulili (abesilisa, amabhinqa, angabambanga abantu), ukunikela ngokuthelekiswa kunye nezigqibo zolu hlobo olwenziweyo kwi-Prause Studies.

Iqoqo leengxelo eziqinisekisa ukuba ubuchopho besilisa nabesifazane basabela ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwimifanekiso efanayo yesondo:

• Ukwahlukana kobulili kwi-Arousal Sexual and Respective Responses kwi-Erotica (2013)
• Ukwahlukana kwezesondo ekusebenziseni ubuchopho kwimimiselo engqondweni: i-meta-analysis of studies neuroimaging (2012)
• Isenzo se-Skin sympathetic activity in human during the exposure to images-charged charges: i-2014)
• Ubungakanani obuhle bexesha elide (LPP) ekuphenduleni iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zemoya kunye neekhetezi ezichaphazela abantu ababhemayo: isiqulatho somxholo (2013)
• Ukwahlukana kwezesondo kwintsebenziswano phakathi kwe-nucleus accumbens kunye ne-cortex ebonakalayo ngokukrakra okubonakalayo okubonakalayo: isifundo se-FMRI (2015)
• Impembelelo yombono: Ukungafani kwesini kwi-cortex ebonakalayo? (2014)
• Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo ngokwesondo nge-stimuli yobonwayo (2009)
• Ukwahlukana kwezesondo kwiipatheni zokuvusa ngesondo ngokwesini: ukulinganiswa kwempahla okanye izinto eziyinyaniso? (2009)
• Ukwahlukana ngokwezesondo ekubukeni kwesisombululo sesini: isifundo sokulandelwa kwamehlo kwindoda nabasetyhini (2007)
• Amadoda nabasetyhini bahluke kwimpendulo ye-amygdala kwi-stimuli yobonwayo (2004)
• Iimpembelelo zesini kunye nolwalamano lwangaphakathi kwiimbali zomsindo malunga nokuziphatha ngokwesini kunye nokuzimela ngokwesini kunye nabasetyhini kunye nabesilisa (2012)
• Ukwahlukana ngokwezesondo ekuqwalaselweni kwezinto ezingenakunqwenelekayo kunye nokungabikho komsebenzi (2007)
• Ukwahlukana koSondo ekuphenduleni iSigmuli yoTyhini kaTyhini: Ukuhlaziywa (2007)
• Izimpendulo zokuziphatha kwesikhumba kwi-stimuli yobonwayo (2008)
• Ngaba ukubonakaliswa kwe-subliminal kwi-sexual stimulation kuneempembelelo ezifanayo kumadoda nabasetyhini? (2007)
• Isifundo se-FMRI seempendulo kwi-Stimuli yesondo njengesiSeko soLwesini kunye nokuHlola okufunayo: Uhlalutyo lokuqala (2016)
• I-Possible Positive Possibility (LPP) ekuphenduleni kwiintlobo zokuxhatshazwa kweMvakalelo kunye neCigarette Stimuli kwabashushu: Ukuqhathaniswa kokuQhathaniswa
• Iimpembelelo zeMeko eziMnandi kunye neeNdiya eziNyamekayo kwiinkqubo zokuqwalasela ngethuba ngexesha lokubonakalisa i-Erotica (2016)
• Isiseko se-neural sokuchasana ngesondo ngesenzo sokuziphatha ngokwesini: Uhlalutyo lwe-meta-analysis (2016)
• Ukuhlala kwintlobano yesini evukisayo kwiislayidi kunye nefilimu (1995)

Isishwankathelo, i-Prause Studies ihlupheke kwiindlela ezinzulu zokungaphumeleli ezibuza imibuzo kwiziphumo zophando kunye namabango abalobi malunga "nokukhohlisa" imodeli yoxhatshazo lwezobisi:

1. I zifundo zi i-heterogeneous (abesilisa, amabhinqa, abangenabo abathathu)
2. I zifundo zi ingakhange ihlolwe ukuxhatshazwa koononophelo, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, okanye izilwanyana zokuziphatha kunye neziyobisi
3. Imibuzo yaba ayivumelekanga ukuxhatshazwa koonobumba okanye ukusetyenziswa koonwabo