Nkhani ya Jarryd Bartle "Khazikani Mtima Anthu! Zithunzi Zolaula Sizo Mapeto a Chitukuko ”Cherry amatenga kafukufuku wowerengeka ndipo adalemba tsamba limodzi kwa mkonzi kuti athandizire zonena zawo, nthawi yomweyo ndikunyalanyaza kuchuluka kwa umboni. Bartle amalembedwa ntchito ndi "Bungwe la Eros", Yomwe imadziyitanira yokha - Mgwirizano wamagulu akuluakulu aku Australia okha. Chonde dziwani kuti pofika Ogasiti 2020 Jarryd Bartle anali atafufutiratu "Relax Folks!" kuchokera ku blog yake. Chidziwitso cha YBOP chikupezekabe pa Webusayiti yapakatikati yomwe idasindikiza choyambirira.
Kuti ndipeze mosavuta kafukufuku wamakono omwe ndakhala ndikuwunikira pano, ndapereka mndandanda wa zofukufuku zomwe zanenedwa mwachindunji kapena molakwika zomwe Bartle ananena:
- Kugonana ndi kugonana / kugonana? Tsambali likulemba Zotsatira za 52 za sayansi (MRI, fMRI, EEG, neuropsychological, mahomoni). Onse amapereka chithandiziro chamachitidwe osokoneza bongo monga zomwe zapezedwa zikuwunika pazotsatira za mitsempha zomwe zimanenedwa mu maphunziro a kusokoneza bongo.
- Malingaliro enieni a akatswiri okhudzana ndi zolaula / kugonana? Mndandanda uwu uli Ndemanga za 27 zaposachedwa kwambiri zokhudzana ndi ma neuroscience & ndemanga ndi ena mwa apamwamba a sayansi ya sayansi padziko lapansi. Zonse zothandizira mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
- Zizindikiro za kuledzera ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoopsa kwambiri? Zofufuza za 50 zofukufuku zomwe zikupezeka zikugwirizana ndi kukula kwa zolaula (kulekerera), chizoloŵezi choonera zolaula, komanso ngakhale kusiya (Zizindikiro zonse ndi zodabwitsazi). Tsamba lowonjezera ndi Kafukufuku 10 wofotokoza zizindikiro zochotsa zolaula.
- Kodi munthu amadziwa bwanji? Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse, Mayiko Akumayiko Onse a Matenda (ICD-11), ali ndi matenda atsopano woyenera kuchita zachiwerewere: "Kugonana Kwachiwerewere. "
- Kulingalira mfundo yosalimbikitsidwa yolankhulidwa yakuti "chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana" akufotokozera zolaula kapena chizolowezi chogonana: Kafukufuku wopitilira 25 amanamizira kuti zachiwerewere & zolaula "amangokhala ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana"
- Zolaula ndi zogonana? Mndandandawu uli ndi zofufuza zoposa 40 zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zolaula / zolaula ku mavuto a kugonana ndi kuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana. The Zotsatira za 7 zoyambirira mumndandanda ukuwonetsa zovuta, pamene ophunzira adasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikuchiza matenda opatsirana pogonana.
- Zotsatira za zovuta pazoyanjana? Kufufuza kwa 75 kumalumikiza zolaula kumachepetsa kugonana komanso kukhutira ndi ubale. Monga momwe ife tikudziwira onse Kafukufuku wokhudza amuna adanena za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula zambiri zogwirizana osauka kugonana kapena kukondana.
- Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi kumakhudza bwanji maganizo ndi maganizo? Pazofufuza za 85 zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thanzi lakuthupi lamaganizidwe & zotsatira zazidziwitso zosauka.
- Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi kumakhudza bwanji zikhulupiliro, malingaliro ndi makhalidwe? Onani maphunziro aumwini - Phunziro la 40 limagwirizanitsa zolaula zimagwiritsira ntchito "maganizo osagwirizana" kwa amayi ndi malingaliro ogonana - kapena chidule chochokera mu kusinkhasinkha kwa meta kwa 2016 kwa maphunziro 135: Media ndi Sexualization: Boma la Kafukufuku Wofufuza, 1995-2015. Chidule:
Cholinga cha ndemangayi chinali kupanga zofufuza zoyenera za zotsatira zoyezetsa zolaula. Cholinga chake chinali pa kafukufuku wofalitsidwa m'mabuku a chinenero cha Chingerezi pakati pa 1995 ndi 2015. Zonse za 109 zolemba zomwe zili ndi maphunziro a 135 zinayankhidwa. Zomwe anapezazi zinapereka umboni wosatsutsika wakuti ma laboratory komanso maulendo onse, zomwe zimachitika tsiku ndi tsiku, zimakhudzana ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa kusakhutira thupi, kudzikonda kwambiri, kuthandizidwa kwambiri ndi zikhulupiliro za kugonana komanso zikhulupiliro zokhudzana ndi kugonana, komanso Kulekerera kwambiri chiwawa chogonana kwa amayi. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kufotokozera mwachidziwitso ku zinthu izi kumapangitsa amayi ndi abambo kukhala ndi lingaliro lochepa la luso la amai, chikhalidwe, ndi umunthu.
- Nanga bwanji za chiwerewere ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula? Kufufuza kwina: Meta-Kuonongeka kwa Kuonera Zolaula Ntchito ndi Zoona Zochitika Zachiwerewere mu Zophunzira Zambiri za Anthu (2015). Chidule:
Maphunziro a 22 ochokera ku mayiko osiyanasiyana a 7 adasanthuledwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiwawa cha kugonana ku United States ndi padziko lonse, pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, komanso m'maphunziro osiyana siyana. Mabungwe anali amphamvu kwambiri pa mawu kuposa kugonana kwachiwerewere, ngakhale onse awiri anali ofunika. Zotsatira zake zimasonyeza kuti zachiwawa zingakhale zovuta kwambiri.
"Koma kodi zolaula sizigwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero chogwirira kugwiriridwa?" Ayi, zaka zambiri zapitazo chiwerengero cha kugwiririra chawonjezeka: "Kuchuluka kwa chiwongoladzanja kumawonjezeka, choncho samanyalanyaza zofalitsa zowonongeka. ”Onani tsamba ili pazofufuza zoposa 100 zolumikiza zolaula zimagwiritsa ntchito nkhanza, kukakamiza & chiwawa, komanso chipongwe chambiri chofotokozedwa mobwerezabwereza kuti kuwonjezereka kwa zolaula kwatsitsa mitengo yachiwawa.
- Bwanji za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi achinyamata? Onani mndandanda wa pa maphunziro a achinyamata a 270, kapena ndemanga izi zazinthu: ndemanga # 1, ndemanga2, ndemanga # 3, ndemanga # 4, ndemanga # 5, ndemanga # 6, ndemanga # 7, ndemanga # 8, ndemanga # 9, ndemanga # 10, ndemanga # 11, ndemanga # 12, ndemanga # 13, ndemanga # 14, ndemanga # 15.
M'munsimu ndikulankhula zotsatizana za Jarryd Bartle:
BARTLE YOCHITIKA: Zowonongeka Porn Harms Kids akutichenjeza kuti zolaula zimayambitsa 'njira zofanana zokhudzana ndi mitsempha kwa iwo omwe amawonedwa kuti ndi ovuta'. Zosachita zozizwitsa zimatero shugakapena kukhulupirira mwa Mulungu or kugonana - zomwe zimawoneka ngati zofunikira!
Bartle amatenga gawoli pambali. Nkhaniyo Porn Harms Kids kwenikweni akunena kuti kusuta zolaula kumayambitsa ubongo womwewo monga momwe amachitira ndi osokoneza bongo. Maphunziro onse a m'maganizo omwe asindikizidwa mpaka pano akuthandizira izi.
Kusintha kwakukulu kwa ubongo anayi kumaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi makhalidwe, monga momwe tafotokozera m'nyuzipepalayi yomwe inalembedwa chaka chino The New England Journal of Medicine: "Kupititsa patsogolo kwa Neurobiologic Kuchokera ku ubongo wa ubongo Mtundu wa Zovuta (2016)". Kubwereza kwakukulu kwa Mtsogoleri wa National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol (NIAAA) George F. Koob, ndi mkulu wa National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Nora D. Volkow, sikuti imangotchula kusintha kwa ubongo kumalo osokoneza bongo, imanenanso mu ndime yake yoyamba kuti kugonana kulipo:
"Timaganiza kuti sayansi ya ubongo imapitirizabe kuchirikiza matenda a ubongo. Kafukufuku wa sayansi m'dera lino sikuti amapereka mwayi watsopano wopewa ndi mankhwala oledzeretsa ndi zoledzera zokhudzana ndi khalidwe (mwachitsanzo, ku chakudya, kugonana, ndi njuga) .... "
Mwachidule, komanso motalika kwambiri, mawu omwe amachititsa kuti ubongo ukhale wosinthika ndi: 1) Kusintha, 2) Kusintha, 3) Maulendo osayenerera operewera (chinyengo), 4) Malo osokoneza maganizo osayenerera. Zonse za 4 za kusintha kwa ubongozi zapezeka pakati pa pa maphunziro a 50 okhudza ubongo wa anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula komanso ogwiritsira ntchito zolaula:
- Kusintha (cue-reactivity & cravings): Maseketi amaubongo omwe amatenga nawo gawo pakulimbikitsa ndi kufunafuna mphotho amakhala osakhudzidwa ndikukumbukira kapena malingaliro okhudzana ndi chizolowezi chomachita izi. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezera "kufuna" kapena kukhumba pamene kukonda kapena zosangalatsa zimachepa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kutsegula kompyuta, kuona pulogalamuyo, kapena kukhala nokha, zimayambitsa zovuta kwambiri kuti musanyalanyaze zolaula. Ena amafotokoza zolaula zowonongeka monga 'kulowa mumtsinje womwe umatha kuthawa: zolaula'. Mwinamwake mumamva kugunda mofulumizitsa, mwamphamvu, ngakhale kunjenjemera, ndi zonse zomwe mungaganize ndikugwiritsira ntchito tsamba lanu lokonda kujambula. Maphunziro okhudzidwa ndi kuwonetsa zochitika kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito-kuyanjanitsa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / olowerera kugonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26.
- Kusintha (kuchepa kwamalingaliro a mphotho & kulolerana): Izi zimaphatikizapo kusintha kwakanthawi kwamankhwala ndi kapangidwe kamene kamasiya munthuyo osaganizira zosangalatsa. Kutaya mtima nthawi zambiri kumawonekera ngati kulolerana, komwe kumafunikira mulingo wapamwamba kapena kukondoweza kwakukulu kuti mukwaniritse yankho lomwelo. Anthu ena ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amakhala nthawi yayitali pa intaneti, amatalikitsa magawo kudzera pakukongoletsa, kuwonera osachita maliseche, kapena kufunafuna kanema wangwiro. Kusintha malingaliro kungathenso kukhala mawonekedwe akukwera kupita ku mitundu yatsopano, nthawi zina zovuta komanso zosadziwika, kapena zosokoneza. Izi ndichifukwa choti kudabwitsidwa, kudabwitsidwa kapena kuda nkhawa kumatha kukweza dopamine ndikuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana. Kafukufuku wina amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "chizolowezi" - omwe atha kuphatikizira njira zophunzirira kapena njira zosokoneza bongo. Kafukufuku wonena zakukhumudwitsidwa kapena chizolowezi cha ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
- Maulendo osayenerera operewera (kufooketsa mphamvu + ya hyper-reactivity to cues): Kugwira ntchito koyipa koyambirira kwa kotekisi kapena kusintha kwamalumikizidwe pakati pa dongosolo la mphotho ndi preortalal cortex kumapangitsa kuti muchepetse kuwongolera, koma zikhumbo zazikulu zoti mugwiritse ntchito. Maseketi osagwira ntchito amawonetsa ngati kumverera kuti magawo awiri aubongo wanu akuchita nawo nkhondo. Njira zolimbikitsira anthu akufuula 'Inde!' pamene 'ubongo wanu wapamwamba' ukunena kuti, 'Ayi, ayi!' Ngakhale magawo olamulira akulu aubongo wanu ali pofooka njira zomwe amakonda kupambana zimakonda. Kafukufuku wofotokozera osauka oyang'anira magwiridwe antchito (chinyengo) kapena kusintha zochitika zoyipa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / omwe amamwa chiwerewere: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
- Kusokonezeka maganizo (zikhumbo zazikulu & zisonyezo zakudzitchinjiriza): Akatswiri ena osokoneza bongo amawona kusokonezeka kwa nkhawa, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito kosalekeza kumapangitsa kusintha kwamaubongo muubongo, komanso kumakhudzanso mahomoni opsinjika (cortisol ndi adrenaline). Kupanikizika kwa magwiridwe antchito kumabweretsa ngakhale kupsinjika kwakung'ono komwe kumabweretsa kulakalaka ndikuyambiranso chifukwa kumapangitsa njira zamphamvu zolimbikitsira. Kuphatikiza apo, kusiya chizolowezi choyambitsa chizolowezi kumathandizira kupsinjika kwamaubongo komwe kumabweretsa zizindikiritso zambiri zomwe zimakonda kuzolowera, kuphatikiza nkhawa, kukhumudwa, kusowa tulo, kukwiya komanso kusinthasintha kwamaganizidwe. Pomaliza, kuyankha mopanikizika kwambiri kumalepheretsa preortal cortex ndi magwiridwe antchito, kuphatikizapo kuwongolera mopendekera komanso kuzindikira bwino zotsatira za zomwe timachita. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kusakhazikika kwamavuto ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / ogonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
BARTLE YOCHITIKA: Ngakhale ngati 'zolaula' zilipo monga phenomena, palibe wina - kunja kwa kagulu kakang'ono ka zizindikiro zodzipatula 'akatswiri odziwa za kugonana' - amakhulupirira kuti ndizofala.
Izi ndizonama zabodza. Choyamba, World Health Organization ikuwonekera poisedwa kuzindikira kugonana ndi zolaula pa ambulera akuti "kukhumudwitsa khalidwe la kugonana" (Maphunziro angapo okhudza ubongo okhudzana ndi zolaula adagwiritsa ntchito mawu awa). Magazini yotsatira ya ICD imachokera ku 2018. Gulu la beta la ICD-11 yatsopano imaphatikizapo kugonana kwa "Matenda opatsirana mwa kugonana" komanso limodzi la "Kusokonezeka chifukwa cha khalidwe lachiwerewere". Mwa njira, yatsopano chikhalidwe choledzera ikupezeka mu DSM-5 yatsopano, ndi "vuto la masewera a intaneti" lomwe likuikidwa kuti likhalepo.
DSM-5 (yofalitsidwa kumbuyo ku 2013) pamapeto pake inakana "Hypersexuality Disorder" chifukwa cha malingaliro a Gulu la Ntchito loyenera, koma sanayese bwinobwino "zolaula" monga matenda. Panthawiyi, opereka chithandizo chaumoyo amazindikira odwala matendawa pogwiritsa ntchito 'zovuta zina za kugonana' zomwe zilipo pakali pano ICD-10 ndi DSM-5 yomwe ilipo tsopano ("Kuzindikira za kugonana kapena kugonana kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ICD-10 ndi DSM-5 ngakhale kukanidwa kwa matendawa ndi American Psychiatric Association)
Kuwonjezera pa ICD-11 yotsatira, a American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) adanena kuti "chizolowezi chogonana" chiripo! ' The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) adakonza chikhomodzinso chomaliza cha bokosi loyambitsa zolaula mu August, 2011. Amishonale a ku America omwe ali oledzeretsa ku ASAM adawamasula kufotokoza kwatsopano kwowonongeka. Tanthauzo latsopano amatsindika mfundo zazikulu Zapangidwe pa webusaiti yanu ya YourBrainOnPorn. Zovuta kwambiri, zizolowezi zamakhalidwe zimakhudza ubongo m'njira zofanana ndi zomwe mankhwala amachitira. Mwanjira ina, Kuledzera ndi matenda amodzi (osati chikhalidwe), osati ambiri.
Pazifukwa zonse, tanthauzo latsopanoli lathetsa mkangano wokhudzana ndi chiwerewere ndi zolaula "zowonongeka kwenikweni"ASAM imanena momveka bwino kuti Zizolowezi za kugonana zilipo ndipo ziyenera kuyambitsidwa ndi ubongo womwewo umasintha zomwe zimapezeka mu zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Kuchokera ku ASAM FAQs:
FUNSO: Kutanthauzira kwatsopano kumeneku kumatanthawuza kuledzera kumatchova, chakudya, ndi makhalidwe ogonana. Kodi ASAM amakhulupiriradi kuti chakudya ndi kugonana ndizovuta?
YANKHO Kutanthauzira kwatsopano kwa ASAM kumapangitsa kuti munthu asafanane zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi kungodalira mankhwala, pofotokozera momwe kusuta kumakhudzananso ndi machitidwe omwe amapindulitsa. … Tanthauzo lake likuti kuledzera ndikumagwira ntchito komanso kuzungulira kwa ubongo ndi momwe kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ka ubongo wa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza bongo amasiyanirana ndi kapangidwe ndi kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka ubongo wa anthu omwe alibe chizolowezi choledzera. … F.machitidwe ndi zogonana ndi khalidwe lakutchova juga lingathe kugwirizanitsidwa ndi "kufunafuna mphotho" yomwe ikufotokozedwa mu ndondomeko yatsopano ya chizoloŵezi.
BARTLE YOCHITIKA: Choncho nthano yowononga zolaula, yomwe inafalikira m'magazini ya Journal of Sexual Medicine, inangotchulidwa kuti "Zithunzi Zolaula Kuwona: Pitirizani Kukhala Wodekha ndi Kupitirizabe
Ndiko kunena kuti Bartle angangotumiza kalata ya pepala la 1 kwa mkonzi kuti atsimikizire kuti zowonongeka sizipezeka. Zowonjezereka ndikuti "op-ed" sananene chilichonse chokhudza zolaula kapena chizolowezi chogonana, pofotokoza kuti Bartle adalephera kuwerenga kapena kumvetsa zomwe adazitchula.
M'malo mwake, Taylor Kohut anagwiritsa ntchito "op-ed" kuti asanene molakwika kuti kafukufukuyo ndi "wosakanikirana" pa zotsatira za zolaula pa maubwenzi ndi kugonana. Nazi izi:
Alipo tsopano zopitilira 40 zomwe zimagwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula / zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi mavuto azakugonana komanso kugona pang'ono kugonana. Mtsutsano wokhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa zolaula zomwe zimayambitsa kugonana zatha, monga Zolemba zoyamba za 7 m'ndandanda zimasonyeza kusokonezeka, pamene odwala anasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikuchiritsa matenda opatsirana pogonana.
Monga momwe zalembedwera papepala lowunikiridwa ndi anzawo lokhudza madokotala 7 aku US Navy - Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula za pa Intaneti Zimayambitsa Mavuto Ogonana? Kubwereza ndi Malipoti a Clinic (2016), Kafukufuku wofufuza za kugonana kwachinyamata kuyambira chiwerengero cha 2010 chiwerengero cha zochitika zokhudzana ndi kugonana, komanso zoopsa za mliri watsopano: low libido.
Zosanafike pakufika kwa zolaula zosasuntha (2006), kufufuza kwa magawo osiyana-siyana ndi kufufuza meta nthawi zonse zinkasonyeza kuti matenda osokoneza bongo a 2-5% mwa amuna omwe ali pansi pa 40. Zovuta za Erectile zosagwira ntchito mu maphunziro a 8 zimachokera ku 14% mpaka 35%, pamene mitengo ya low libido (zachiwerewere) imachokera ku 16% mpaka 37%. Ichi ndi pafupifupi kuwonjezereka kwa 1000% m'masewera a ED aunyamata m'zaka zapitazi za 10-15. Kodi ndi kusintha kotani komwe kwasintha m'zaka zapitazi za 15 zomwe zingathe kuwerengera kuwuka kwa nyenyezi?
Kuwonjezera pa maphunziro a 28 apamwamba, Tsamba ili lili ndi nkhani ndi mavidiyo ndi akatswiri a 150 (urology aphunzitsi, a urologists, a maganizo, a psychologists, a sexologists, a MDs) omwe amavomereza ndipo achita bwino zolaula-anachititsa ED ndi zolaula-zomwe zinachititsa kuti asayambe kugonana. Orologists akhala akubwereza kawiri kawiri zokhudzana ndi zolaula-zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu azigonana pamisonkhano ya pachaka ya American Urological Association. (Penyani nkhani ya Dr. Pacha pa YouTube.)
Nanga bwanji zokhudzana ndi zolaula pa maubwenzi? Alipo tsopano pa kafukufuku wa 75 wolumikiza zolaula amagwiritsira ntchito zochepetsera kugonana komanso kukhutira ndi ubale. Chidule cha kusanthula kwaposachedwa kwa meta komwe kudasanthula maphunziro onse ofunikira (Zithunzi zolaula Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukwanitsa: Meta-Analysis, 2017):
Komabe, Kuwonetsa zolaula kunkagwirizana ndi zotsatira zochepa zokhutira payekha m'magulu, kufufuza kwa nthawi yaitali, ndi kuyesera. Mgwirizano pakati pa zolaula zowonongeka ndi kuchepetsa zotsatira zokhutira zokhudzana ndi moyo wawo sizinayendetsedwe ndi chaka chawo chomasulidwa kapena zolemba zawo.
Kodi chikhulupiliro chachikulu cha Taylor Kohut chinali chiyani? Phunziro lake la 2016 lomwe: Zotsatira Zodziwika Zowonongeka Pa Ubale Wapabanja: Poyamba Pofufuza Yotsegulidwa, Ophunzira Odziwika, "Ofufuza Kwambiri".
Zowonongeka ziŵirizi zimapangitsa zotsatira zopanda pake mu phunziro lake:
- Phunziroli liribe chitsanzo choimira. Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku ambiri amasonyeza kuti ang'onoang'ono omwe amagwiritsira ntchito zolaula amzawo amawagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, mu phunziro lino 95% ya amayiwa ankagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pawokha. ndipo 85% ya amayi adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuyambira pachiyambi cha ubale (nthawi zina kwa zaka). Mitengo yogwiritsira ntchitoyi ndi yapamwamba kuposa amuna akuluakulu a koleji! Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ochita kafukufuku akuwoneka kuti ataya chitsanzo chawo kuti apange zotsatira zomwe anali kufuna.
- Zoona: Deta yopanda malire kuchokera kufukufuku waukulu kwambiri wa US (General Social Survey) inanena kuti Only 2.6% ya amayi adapita ku webusaiti ya "zolaula" mwezi watha. Zambiri kuchokera ku 2000, 2002, 2004. Kuti mumve zambiri - Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Ukwati (2014)
- Phunzirolo linagwiritsa ntchito mafunso otseguka pamene nkhaniyo imatha kupitirirabe ponena za zolaula. Kenaka ochita kafukufukuwo adawerengera mapepalawo ndipo adaganiza kuti, "Ndiwotani," ndi mayankho otani, komanso momwe angawafotokozere pamapepala awo. Kenaka ochita kafukufukuyu anali ndi ndondomeko kuti awonetsetse kuti maphunziro ena onse pa zolaula ndi maubwenzi, omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, njira za sayansi ndi mafunso odziwika pa zokhudzana ndi zolaula zolakwika. Kodi njirayi ndi yolondola motani?
Ngakhale kuti izi zikuchitika zolakwika, maanja ena amawonetsa zotsatira zoipa zochokera ku zolaula monga:
- Zithunzi zolaula ndi zophweka, zosangalatsa, zowonjezera, zokondweretsa, kapena zokondweretsa kuposa kugonana ndi mnzanu
- Zithunzi zolaula zimakhala zovuta, zimachepetsa kuthekera kokwaniritsa kapena kukondweretsa kugonana, kapena kukwaniritsa zolaula.
- Ena amanena kuti kufotokozera mwachindunji kusokoneza maganizo monga zotsatira za zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito
- Ena ankadandaula kuti ataya chikondi kapena chikondi.
- Ananenedwa kuti zolaula zimapangitsa kugonana kwenikweni kukhala kosautsa, kozoloŵera, kosakhalitsa, kapena kosangalatsa
Tsamba latsopano la Taylor Kohut mu 2017 (pornforscience.com, lomwe silinalinso mu Novembala 2022) ndi ake yesetsani kusonkhanitsa ndalama Awonetseni kuti angakhale ndi zokambirana. Kohut ili ndi mbiri yosindikiza maphunziro 'olenga' okonzedwa kuti athe kupeza mavuto pang'ono kapena opanda chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito zolaula. Mwachitsanzo, pepala la 2016 la Kohut, "Kudana ndi Akazi"? Zithunzi zolaula Zimagwirizanitsa Amuna Osiyana Maganizo Osiyana Ndi Osiyana Ndi Anthu Osachita Zinthu Zopanda Chidwi Omwe Amaimira Amuna Achimerika American Model ".
Kohut adakonzedwa zosiyana monga chithandizo cha Chidziwitso chazimayi, Akazi ogwira maudindo amphamvu, Akazi ogwira ntchito kunja kwa nyumba, Kuchotsa mimba. Pano pali fungulo: Anthu ambiri, omwe amakhala omasuka kwambiri, amakhala kutali miyeso yapamwamba yogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuposa anthu achipembedzo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mfundozi ndikunyalanyaza zosiyana siyana, mlembi wamkulu Taylor Kohut adadziwa kuti adzathera ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula akukweza pamwamba pa maphunziro ake osankhidwa mosamalitsa omwe amatanthauza "kusalakwitsa." Kenaka anasankha mutu umene unapanga zonsezi.
Zoona: pafupifupi maphunziro onse amafotokoza zotsatira zotsutsa. Nazi zotsatira za 40 zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zolaula zimagwiritsira ntchito malingaliro ogonana, kukakamiza komanso kusagwirizana.
BARTLE YOCHITIKA: Mu kufufuza kwa ku Australia komwe kunafalitsidwa chaka chino, Only 4% ya amuna ndi 1% ya akazi anati iwo 'ankakonda' zolaula.
Zolemba za phunziroli zinali zosocheretsa chifukwa zidasiya zovuta zoyipa pakati pa 30 ndi pansi - omwe adakula pogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti.
Malingana ndi Table 5 mu phunziroli, 17% ya amuna ndi akazi azaka za 16-30 gulu anena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunawasokoneza. (Mosiyana, pakati pa anthu 60-69, 7.2% yokha ankaganiza kuti zolaula zinali ndi zotsatira zoipa.)
Kodi mutu wa phunziroli ukanakhala wosiyana bwanji ngati olembawo adatsindika kuti pafupifupi 1 mu 5 achinyamata adakhulupirira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula "kuwapweteka"? Nchifukwa chiyani anayesera kutsutsa zotsatirazi mwa kunyalanyaza izo ndikuyika zotsatira zowunikira - osati gulu lomwe liri pangozi ya mavuto a intaneti?
Mukayang'ana chapansi pa chinyengochi, timapeza zifukwa zambiri zoperekera phunziroli:
- Ichi chinali chiwerengero choyimira magawo a zaka zapakati pazaka 16-69, amuna ndi akazi. Zimatsimikizirika kuti anyamata ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zolaula pa intaneti. Choncho, 25% ya amuna ndi 60% ya amayiwo sankawone zolaula kamodzi pamwezi yomaliza ya 12. Momwemo ziwerengerozi zimasonkhanitsa kuchepetsa vutoli pogwiritsa ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito ngozi.
- Funso lokha, limene linafunsa ophunzira ngati adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula m'miyezi yotsiriza ya 12, sizikutanthauza kuti zimagwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Mwachitsanzo, munthu yemwe adakopeka ndi zolaula amawonedwa kuti si wosiyana ndi munthu yemwe amadziputsa maulendo a 3 pa tsiku ndi zovuta zolaula.
- Komabe, kafukufukuyu atafunsira kwa omwe "adawonapo zolaula" zomwe adawona zolaula m'chaka chatha, chiwerengero chachikulu chinali achinyamata gulu. 93.4% ya iwo adawonera chaka chatha, ndi zaka 20-29 omwe ali kumbuyo kwawo pa 88.6.
- Deta inasonkhanitsidwa pakati pa October 2012 ndi November 2013. Zinthu zasintha kwambiri m'zaka zapitazi za 5, chifukwa cha kulowera kwa smartphone - makamaka kwa achinyamata ogwiritsa ntchito.
- Mafunso adafunsidwa pakompyuta telefoni zoyankhulana. Ndi chikhalidwe chaumunthu kuti chidziwitso chodziwikiratu, makamaka pamene kuyankhulana ndi nkhani zovuta monga zolaula ndi zolaula.
- Mafunsowa amachokera podziona okha. Kumbukirani kuti oledzera kawirikawiri amadziona ngati oledzera. Ndipotu, ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amawoneka kuti sangagwirizane ndi zolaula pokhapokha atasiya nthawi yaitali.
- Phunzirolo silinagwiritse ntchito mafunso ovomerezeka (operekedwa mosadziwika), zomwe zikanakhoza kuwonetsa zonse zolaula ndi zotsatira za zolaula pa ogwiritsa ntchito.
Apanso, ochepa chabe omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula amazindikira momwe zolaula zakhudzira iwo mpaka atasiya kugwiritsa ntchito. Kawirikawiri ogwiritsa ntchito akufunikira miyezi yambiri kuti adziwe bwino zotsatira zake zoipa. Choncho, phunziro lofanana ndi ili liri ndi malire aakulu.
Nanga bwanji posachedwa osadziwika kufufuza kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti?
Zizolowezi zoledzera zimasiyana, malingana ndi magawo ophunzirira, koma ngati mukufuna kumvetsa zochitika zenizeni, nkofunika kuganizira anthu omwe ali pangozi (osagwirizana ndi kudalira maphunziro a anthu ambiri kuphatikizapo agogo aakazi). Mu 2016, magulu awiri a ofufuza (amodzi kuchokera ku Ulaya, amodzi kuchokera ku mayiko) anafunsidwa kapena akufunsidwa mwamuna ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Magulu awiriwa adanena kuti 28% a anthu awo adakumana ndi mayesero kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito molakwika ("Makhalidwe Amagulu Amuna Amakonda Kufuna Chithandizo Chogwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula") Kapena ankadandaula za ntchito yawo yolaula ("Zochitika zogonana pa Intaneti: Kufufuza zofufuza za zovuta ndi zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha amuna"). Mu 2017, ophunziranso adafufuzanso ophunzira a ku koleji a US (ena mwa iwo omwe sanali ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula) pa zolaula. Zotsatira zinasonyeza izo 19% mwa ophunzira aamuna ndi 4% a ophunzira aakazi anakumana ndi mayesero oledzera ("Kugonana kwa pa Intaneti pa Ophunzira a Kunivesite: Kuphunzira Kwambiri").
Zindikirani: Chizoloŵezi cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo samanena nkhani yonse. Anyamata ena omwe ali ndi zolaula-omwe amachititsa kuti anthu asagwirizane ndi kugonana sali oletsedwa, ndipo sangakhale ndi vuto lililonse. Ngakhale zili choncho, nthawi zina amafunika miyezi kuti apeze njira zochepa zowonongeka pakati pa kugonana, monga zovuta zowonjezereka komanso zosamalitsa.
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