Yankho la nkhani ya Jarryd Bartle "Khazikani Mtima Anthu! Zithunzi Zolaula Si Mapeto a Chitukuko ”

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Nkhani ya Jarryd Bartle yakuti “Relax Folks! Zithunzi Zolaula Si Mapeto a Chitukuko” yasankha kafukufuku wongosankha ndipo yatchula kalata ya tsamba limodzi kwa mkonzi kuti athandizire zomwe akunena, pomwe nthawi yomweyo akunyalanyaza kuchuluka kwa umboni. Bartle amagwira ntchito ndi “ The Eros Association ”, yomwe imadzitcha yokha – bungwe la makampani akuluakulu okha ku Australia . Dziwani kuti pofika mu Ogasiti 2020 Jarryd Bartle anali atachotsa kwathunthu “Relax Folks!” kuchokera ku blog yake. Ndemanga ya YBOP ikadalipo patsamba la Medium lomwe linafalitsa positi yoyamba.

Kuti ndipeze mosavuta kafukufuku wamakono omwe ndakhala ndikuwunikira pano, ndapereka mndandanda wa zofukufuku zomwe zanenedwa mwachindunji kapena molakwika zomwe Bartle ananena:

  1. Kugonana ndi kugonana / kugonana? Tsambali likulemba Zotsatira za 52 za sayansi (MRI, fMRI, EEG, neuropsychological, mahomoni). Onse amapereka chithandiziro chamachitidwe osokoneza bongo monga zomwe zapezedwa zikuwunika pazotsatira za mitsempha zomwe zimanenedwa mu maphunziro a kusokoneza bongo.
  2. Malingaliro enieni a akatswiri okhudzana ndi zolaula / kugonana? Mndandanda uwu uli Ndemanga za 27 zaposachedwa kwambiri zokhudzana ndi ma neuroscience & ndemanga ndi ena mwa apamwamba a sayansi ya sayansi padziko lapansi. Zonse zothandizira mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
  3. Zizindikiro za kuledzera ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoopsa kwambiri? Zofufuza za 50 zofukufuku zomwe zikupezeka zikugwirizana ndi kukula kwa zolaula (kulekerera), chizoloŵezi choonera zolaula, komanso ngakhale kusiya (Zizindikiro zonse ndi zodabwitsazi). Tsamba lowonjezera ndi Kafukufuku 10 wofotokoza zizindikiro zochotsa zolaula.
  4. Kodi munthu amadziwa bwanji? Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse, Mayiko Akumayiko Onse a Matenda (ICD-11), ali ndi matenda atsopano woyenera kuchita zachiwerewere: "Kugonana Kwachiwerewere. "
  5. Kulingalira mfundo yosalimbikitsidwa yolankhulidwa yakuti "chilakolako chachikulu cha kugonana" akufotokozera zolaula kapena chizolowezi chogonana: Kafukufuku wopitilira 25 amanamizira kuti zachiwerewere & zolaula "amangokhala ndi chilakolako chofuna kugonana"
  6. Zolaula ndi zogonana? Mndandandawu uli ndi zofufuza zoposa 40 zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zolaula / zolaula ku mavuto a kugonana ndi kuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana. The Zotsatira za 7 zoyambirira mumndandanda ukuwonetsa zovuta, pamene ophunzira adasiya kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikuchiza matenda opatsirana pogonana.
  7. Zotsatira za zovuta pazoyanjana? Kufufuza kwa 75 kumalumikiza zolaula kumachepetsa kugonana komanso kukhutira ndi ubale. Monga momwe ife tikudziwira onse Kafukufuku wokhudza amuna adanena za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula zambiri zogwirizana osauka kugonana kapena kukondana.
  8. Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi kumakhudza bwanji maganizo ndi maganizo? Pazofufuza za 85 zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thanzi lakuthupi lamaganizidwe & zotsatira zazidziwitso zosauka.
  9. Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi kumakhudza bwanji zikhulupiliro, malingaliro ndi makhalidwe? Onani maphunziro aumwini - Phunziro la 40 limagwirizanitsa zolaula zimagwiritsira ntchito "maganizo osagwirizana" kwa amayi ndi malingaliro ogonana - kapena chidule chochokera mu kusinkhasinkha kwa meta kwa 2016 kwa maphunziro 135: Media ndi Sexualization: Boma la Kafukufuku Wofufuza, 1995-2015. Chidule:

Cholinga cha ndemangayi chinali kupanga kafukufuku woyeserera zotsatira za kugonana kwa atolankhani. Cholinga chachikulu chinali pa kafukufuku wofalitsidwa m'magazini owunikiranso a Chingerezi pakati pa 1995 ndi 2015. Mabuku 109 omwe anali ndi maphunziro 135 adawunikidwanso . Zomwe zapezekazi zidapereka umboni wokhazikika wakuti kuwonetsedwa m'ma laboratories komanso kuwonetsedwa tsiku ndi tsiku pazinthu izi kumalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa kusakhutira kwa thupi, kudziona ngati wopanda pake, kuthandizira kwambiri zikhulupiriro zachigololo komanso zikhulupiriro zotsutsana ndi kugonana, komanso kulekerera kwambiri nkhanza zogonana kwa akazi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonetsedwa m'zinthu izi kumachititsa akazi ndi amuna kukhala ndi malingaliro ochepa pa luso la akazi, makhalidwe abwino, ndi umunthu.

  1. Nanga bwanji za chiwerewere ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula? Kufufuza kwina: Meta-Kuonongeka kwa Kuonera Zolaula Ntchito ndi Zoona Zochitika Zachiwerewere mu Zophunzira Zambiri za Anthu (2015). Chidule:

Kafukufuku 22 wochokera kumayiko 7 osiyanasiyana adawunikidwa . Kudya mopitirira muyeso kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi nkhanza zogonana ku United States ndi padziko lonse lapansi, pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, komanso m'maphunziro osiyanasiyana komanso a nthawi yayitali. Mayanjano anali olimba kwambiri pa nkhanza zolankhulidwa kuposa zogonana, ngakhale zonse ziwiri zinali zofunika. Kachitidwe ka zotsatira kakusonyeza kuti zachiwawa zitha kukhala chinthu chowonjezera.

“Koma kodi zolaula sizinagwiritse ntchito kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa?” Ayi, kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa kwakhala kukukwera m'zaka zaposachedwa: “ Kuchuluka kwa kugwiriridwa kukukwera, choncho musanyalanyaze nkhani zolimbikitsa zolaula .” Onani tsamba lino kuti mupeze maphunziro opitilira 100 ogwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi nkhanza zogonana, kukakamiza & chiwawa , komanso kutsutsa kwakukulu kwa zomwe zimabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza kuti kupezeka kwa zolaula kwapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha kugwiriridwa chichepe.

  1. Bwanji za kugwiritsira ntchito zolaula ndi achinyamata? Onani mndandanda wa pa maphunziro a achinyamata a 270, kapena ndemanga izi zazinthu: ndemanga # 1, ndemanga2, ndemanga # 3, ndemanga # 4, ndemanga # 5, ndemanga # 6, ndemanga # 7, ndemanga # 8, ndemanga # 9, ndemanga # 10, ndemanga # 11, ndemanga # 12, ndemanga # 13, ndemanga # 14, ndemanga # 15.

M'munsimu ndikulankhula zotsatizana za Jarryd Bartle:

BARTLE ANATI: Zolaula Zoopsa Zimavulaza Ana akutichenjeza kuti zolaula zimayambitsa 'njira zofanana ndi za ubongo zomwe zimawonedwa mu chizolowezi cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo'. Mosadabwitsa, shuga , kapena kukhulupirira Mulungu kapena kugonana - zomwe zikuwoneka kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri!

Bartle achotsa chigawochi m'nkhani yake. Nkhani ya Porn Harms Kids ikunena kuti chizolowezi choonera zolaula chimabweretsa kusintha komweko kwa ubongo monga momwe zimachitikira mwa anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Maphunziro onse a ubongo omwe afalitsidwa mpaka pano akuchirikiza mfundo imeneyi.

Kusintha kwakukulu kwa ubongo kunayi kumakhudzana ndi zizolowezi za mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso khalidwe, monga momwe zafotokozedwera mu pepalali lomwe lafalitsidwa chaka chino mu The New England Journal of Medicine : “ Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction (2016) ”. Ndemanga yofunika kwambiri iyi yolembedwa ndi Director of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) George F. Koob , ndi director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Nora D. Volkow , sikuti imangofotokoza kusintha kwa ubongo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zizolowezi, komanso imanenanso m'ndime yake yoyamba kuti chizolowezi chogonana chilipo:

"Timaganiza kuti sayansi ya ubongo ikupitirizabe kuthandizira chitsanzo cha matenda a ubongo a chizolowezi. Kafukufuku wa sayansi ya ubongo m'derali samangopereka mwayi watsopano wopewera ndi kuchiza zizolowezi zoledzeretsa ndi zizolowezi zokhudzana ndi khalidwe (monga chakudya, kugonana , ndi kutchova juga)…."

Mwachidule, komanso mwachidule, kusintha kwakukulu kwa ubongo komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha chizolowezi ndi: 1) Kuzindikira , 2) Kuchepetsa chidwi , 3) Ma circuits osagwira ntchito bwino (kusaganizira bwino), 4) Ma circuits osagwira ntchito bwino . Kusintha konseku kwa ubongo kwapezeka pakati pa maphunziro opitilira 50 ozikidwa pa sayansi ya ubongo pa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pafupipafupi ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logonana :

  1. Kusintha (cue-reactivity & cravings): Maseketi amaubongo omwe amatenga nawo gawo pakulimbikitsa ndi kufunafuna mphotho amakhala osakhudzidwa ndikukumbukira kapena malingaliro okhudzana ndi chizolowezi chomachita izi. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezera "kufuna" kapena kukhumba pamene kukonda kapena zosangalatsa zimachepa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kutsegula kompyuta, kuona pulogalamuyo, kapena kukhala nokha, zimayambitsa zovuta kwambiri kuti musanyalanyaze zolaula. Ena amafotokoza zolaula zowonongeka monga 'kulowa mumtsinje womwe umatha kuthawa: zolaula'. Mwinamwake mumamva kugunda mofulumizitsa, mwamphamvu, ngakhale kunjenjemera, ndi zonse zomwe mungaganize ndikugwiritsira ntchito tsamba lanu lokonda kujambula. Maphunziro okhudzidwa ndi kuwonetsa zochitika kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito-kuyanjanitsa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / olowerera kugonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26.
  2. Kusintha (kuchepa kwamalingaliro a mphotho & kulolerana): Izi zimaphatikizapo kusintha kwakanthawi kwamankhwala ndi kapangidwe kamene kamasiya munthuyo osaganizira zosangalatsa. Kutaya mtima nthawi zambiri kumawonekera ngati kulolerana, komwe kumafunikira mulingo wapamwamba kapena kukondoweza kwakukulu kuti mukwaniritse yankho lomwelo. Anthu ena ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amakhala nthawi yayitali pa intaneti, amatalikitsa magawo kudzera pakukongoletsa, kuwonera osachita maliseche, kapena kufunafuna kanema wangwiro. Kusintha malingaliro kungathenso kukhala mawonekedwe akukwera kupita ku mitundu yatsopano, nthawi zina zovuta komanso zosadziwika, kapena zosokoneza. Izi ndichifukwa choti kudabwitsidwa, kudabwitsidwa kapena kuda nkhawa kumatha kukweza dopamine ndikuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana. Kafukufuku wina amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "chizolowezi" - omwe atha kuphatikizira njira zophunzirira kapena njira zosokoneza bongo. Kafukufuku wonena zakukhumudwitsidwa kapena chizolowezi cha ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
  3. Maulendo osayenerera operewera (kufooketsa mphamvu + ya hyper-reactivity to cues): Kugwira ntchito koyipa koyambirira kwa kotekisi kapena kusintha kwamalumikizidwe pakati pa dongosolo la mphotho ndi preortalal cortex kumapangitsa kuti muchepetse kuwongolera, koma zikhumbo zazikulu zoti mugwiritse ntchito. Maseketi osagwira ntchito amawonetsa ngati kumverera kuti magawo awiri aubongo wanu akuchita nawo nkhondo. Njira zolimbikitsira anthu akufuula 'Inde!' pamene 'ubongo wanu wapamwamba' ukunena kuti, 'Ayi, ayi!' Ngakhale magawo olamulira akulu aubongo wanu ali pofooka njira zomwe amakonda kupambana zimakonda. Kafukufuku wofotokozera osauka oyang'anira magwiridwe antchito (chinyengo) kapena kusintha zochitika zoyipa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / omwe amamwa chiwerewere: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.
  4. Kusokonezeka maganizo (zikhumbo zazikulu & zisonyezo zakudzitchinjiriza): Akatswiri ena osokoneza bongo amawona kusokonezeka kwa nkhawa, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito kosalekeza kumapangitsa kusintha kwamaubongo muubongo, komanso kumakhudzanso mahomoni opsinjika (cortisol ndi adrenaline). Kupanikizika kwa magwiridwe antchito kumabweretsa ngakhale kupsinjika kwakung'ono komwe kumabweretsa kulakalaka ndikuyambiranso chifukwa kumapangitsa njira zamphamvu zolimbikitsira. Kuphatikiza apo, kusiya chizolowezi choyambitsa chizolowezi kumathandizira kupsinjika kwamaubongo komwe kumabweretsa zizindikiritso zambiri zomwe zimakonda kuzolowera, kuphatikiza nkhawa, kukhumudwa, kusowa tulo, kukwiya komanso kusinthasintha kwamaganizidwe. Pomaliza, kuyankha mopanikizika kwambiri kumalepheretsa preortal cortex ndi magwiridwe antchito, kuphatikizapo kuwongolera mopendekera komanso kuzindikira bwino zotsatira za zomwe timachita. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kusakhazikika kwamavuto ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula / ogonana: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

BARTLE ANATI: Ngakhale 'chizolowezi cha zolaula' chingakhalepo ngati chochitika, palibe aliyense — kunja kwa gulu laling'ono la akatswiri odzitcha okha kuti 'akatswiri odziwa bwino za kugonana' — amene amakhulupirira kuti ndi chofala kwambiri.

Izi ndi zabodza kwambiri. Choyamba, bungwe la World Health Organization likuwoneka kuti likuvomereza chizolowezi chogonana ndi zolaula pansi pa mawu ang'onoang'ono akuti "compulsive sexual behavior disorder" ( maphunziro angapo a ubongo pa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la zolaula agwiritsa ntchito mawuwa ). Kope lotsatira la ICD liyenera kutulutsidwa mu 2018. Beta draft ya ICD-11 yatsopano ikuphatikizapo matenda a "Compulsive sexual behavior disorder" komanso limodzi la " Disorders due to addictive behaviors ". Mwa njira, gulu latsopano la chizolowezi chochita zinthu mopitirira muyeso likupezeka mu DSM-5 yatsopano , yokhala ndi "Internet gaming disorder" yomwe yakhazikitsidwa kuti iphatikizidwe.

DSM-5 (yofalitsidwa mu 2013) pamapeto pake inakana "Hypersexuality Disorder" chifukwa cha malangizo a Work Group, koma sinayesepo mwalamulo "chizolowezi choonera zolaula" ngati matenda. Pakadali pano, ogwira ntchito zachipatala amazindikira odwala pogwiritsa ntchito matenda ena a 'kusokonezeka kwa kugonana' mu ICD-10 yomwe ilipo komanso DSM-5 yomwe ilipo (" Kuzindikira khalidwe la kugonana lokakamiza kapena lokakamiza kungachitike pogwiritsa ntchito ICD-10 ndi DSM-5 ngakhale kuti American Psychiatric Association inakana matendawa )

Kuwonjezera pa ICD-11 yomwe ikubwera, bungwe la American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) lanena kuti "zizolowezi zogonana" zilipo! Bungwe la American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) linatsutsa zomwe ziyenera kukhala msomali womaliza pa mkangano wokhudza chiwerewere ndi chizolowezi mu Ogasiti, 2011. Akatswiri apamwamba a chizolowezi ku America ku ASAM adatulutsa tanthauzo lawo latsopano la chizolowezi . Tanthauzo latsopanoli likubwereza mfundo zazikulu zomwe zaperekedwa patsamba la YourBrainOnPorn. Chofunika kwambiri, chizolowezi chochita zinthu zimakhudza ubongo m'njira zofanana ndi zomwe mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachita. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, chizolowezi ndi matenda amodzi (chikhalidwe), osati ambiri.

Pazifukwa zonse zothandiza, tanthauzo latsopanoli linathetsa mkangano wokhudza ngati kugonana ndi zizolowezi zolaula ndi " zoledzeretsa zenizeni ." ASAM imanena momveka bwino kuti zizolowezi zogonana zilipo ndipo ziyenera kuyambitsidwa ndi kusintha komweko kwa ubongo komwe kumapezeka mu zizolowezi zoledzeretsa. Kuchokera ku Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri a ASAM:

FUNSO: Tanthauzo latsopanoli la chizolowezi likutanthauza chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito juga, chakudya, ndi machitidwe ogonana . Kodi ASAM imakhulupiriradi kuti chakudya ndi kugonana ndi zosokoneza?

YANKHO: Tanthauzo latsopano la ASAM likusintha kuchoka pa kuyerekeza chizolowezi ndi kudalira mankhwala osokoneza bongo, pofotokoza momwe chizolowezi chimagwirizanirananso ndi makhalidwe omwe amapindulitsa. … Tanthauzo ili limati chizolowezi ndi chokhudza kugwira ntchito ndi kayendedwe ka ubongo ndi momwe kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya ubongo wa anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi zimasiyanirana ndi kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya ubongo wa anthu omwe alibe chizolowezi. … Zakudya ndi machitidwe ogonana ndi machitidwe a juga zitha kugwirizanitsidwa ndi 'kufunafuna mphotho' komwe kwafotokozedwa mu tanthauzo latsopanoli la chizolowezi.

BARTLE ANATI: Nthano ya chizolowezi choonera zolaula yafalikira kwambiri kotero kuti nkhani yaposachedwa mu Journal of Sexual Medicine idangotchedwa " Kuonera Zithunzi Zolaula: Khalani Odekha Ndipo Pitirizani"

Ndiko kunena kuti Bartle angangotumiza kalata ya pepala la 1 kwa mkonzi kuti atsimikizire kuti zowonongeka sizipezeka. Zowonjezereka ndikuti "op-ed" sananene chilichonse chokhudza zolaula kapena chizolowezi chogonana, pofotokoza kuti Bartle adalephera kuwerenga kapena kumvetsa zomwe adazitchula.

M'malo mwake, Taylor Kohut anagwiritsa ntchito "op-ed" kuti asanene molakwika kuti kafukufukuyo ndi "wosakanikirana" pa zotsatira za zolaula pa maubwenzi ndi kugonana. Nazi izi:

Tsopano pali maphunziro opitilira 40 ogwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula/chizolowezi chogonana ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana komanso kuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana ndi chilakolako chogonana. Mkangano wokhudza kukhalapo kwa zovuta zogonana zomwe zimayambitsa zolaula watha, chifukwa maphunziro 7 oyamba pamndandandawu akuwonetsa chifukwa chake , pamene odwala adachotsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndikuchiritsa zovuta zogonana zomwe sizinachitikepo nthawi yayitali.

Monga momwe zalembedwera mu pepala lowunikidwa ndi anzawo lokhudza madokotala 7 a US Navy — Kodi Zithunzi Zolaula za pa Intaneti Zimayambitsa Mavuto Okhudzana ndi Kugonana? Ndemanga ndi Malipoti a Zachipatala (2016), maphunziro ofufuza kugonana kwa amuna achichepere kuyambira 2010 amafotokoza kuchuluka kwa mavuto ogonana m'mbiri, komanso kuchuluka kodabwitsa kwa mliri watsopano: kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana.

Zosanafike pakufika kwa zolaula zosasuntha (2006), kufufuza kwa magawo osiyana-siyana ndi kufufuza meta nthawi zonse zinkasonyeza kuti matenda osokoneza bongo a 2-5% mwa amuna omwe ali pansi pa 40. Zovuta za Erectile zosagwira ntchito mu maphunziro a 8 zimachokera ku 14% mpaka 35%, pamene mitengo ya low libido (zachiwerewere) imachokera ku 16% mpaka 37%. Ichi ndi pafupifupi kuwonjezereka kwa 1000% m'masewera a ED aunyamata m'zaka zapitazi za 10-15. Kodi ndi kusintha kotani komwe kwasintha m'zaka zapitazi za 15 zomwe zingathe kuwerengera kuwuka kwa nyenyezi?

Kuwonjezera pa maphunziro 28 omwe ali pamwambapa, tsamba lino lili ndi nkhani ndi makanema olembedwa ndi akatswiri oposa 150 (aphunzitsi a urology, akatswiri a urology, akatswiri a maganizo, akatswiri a zamaganizo, akatswiri a zachiwerewere, akatswiri a zachiwerewere, akatswiri a MD) omwe amavomereza ndipo apambana pochiza matenda obwera chifukwa cha zolaula komanso kutaya chilakolako chogonana chifukwa cha zolaula. Akatswiri a urology apereka kawiri umboni wa zovuta zogonana zomwe zimayambitsa zolaula pamisonkhano yapachaka ya American Urological Association. ( Onerani nkhani ya Dr. Pacha pa YouTube.)

Nanga bwanji za zotsatira za zolaula pa maubwenzi? Tsopano pali maphunziro opitilira 75 omwe amagwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi kuchepetsa kukhutitsidwa kwa kugonana komanso ubale. Chidule cha kafukufuku waposachedwa womwe udafufuza maphunziro onse ofunikira ( Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zolaula ndi Kukhutitsidwa: Kusanthula kwa Meta, 2017) :

Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunagwirizanitsidwa ndi zotsatira zochepa za kukhutitsidwa pakati pa anthu m'mafukufuku osiyanasiyana, kafukufuku wa nthawi yayitali, ndi zoyeserera. Kugwirizana pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi zotsatira zochepa za kukhutitsidwa pakati pa anthu sikunayang'aniridwe ndi chaka chomwe adatulutsidwa kapena momwe adafalitsidwira.

Kodi umboni waukulu wa Taylor Kohut wotsimikizira zomwe ananena unali wotani? Kafukufuku wake wa 2016: Zotsatira Zodziwika za Zithunzi Zolaula pa Ubale wa Awiri: Zomwe Zapezeka Poyamba pa Kafukufuku Wotseguka, Wodziwa Zochita, "Woyambira".

Zowonongeka ziŵirizi zimapangitsa zotsatira zopanda pake mu phunziro lake:

  1. Phunziroli liribe chitsanzo choimira. Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku ambiri amasonyeza kuti ang'onoang'ono omwe amagwiritsira ntchito zolaula amzawo amawagwiritsa ntchito zolaula, mu phunziro lino 95% ya amayiwa ankagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pawokha. ndipo 85% ya amayi adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuyambira pachiyambi cha ubale (nthawi zina kwa zaka). Mitengo yogwiritsira ntchitoyi ndi yapamwamba kuposa amuna akuluakulu a koleji! Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ochita kafukufuku akuwoneka kuti ataya chitsanzo chawo kuti apange zotsatira zomwe anali kufuna.
  • Zoona: Deta yopanda malire kuchokera kufukufuku waukulu kwambiri wa US (General Social Survey) inanena kuti Only 2.6% ya amayi adapita ku webusaiti ya "zolaula" mwezi watha. Zambiri kuchokera ku 2000, 2002, 2004. Kuti mumve zambiri - Zithunzi Zolaula ndi Ukwati (2014)
  1. Phunzirolo linagwiritsa ntchito mafunso otseguka pamene nkhaniyo imatha kupitirirabe ponena za zolaula. Kenaka ochita kafukufukuwo adawerengera mapepalawo ndipo adaganiza kuti, "Ndiwotani," ndi mayankho otani, komanso momwe angawafotokozere pamapepala awo. Kenaka ochita kafukufukuyu anali ndi ndondomeko kuti awonetsetse kuti maphunziro ena onse pa zolaula ndi maubwenzi, omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, njira za sayansi ndi mafunso odziwika pa zokhudzana ndi zolaula zolakwika. Kodi njirayi ndi yolondola motani?

Ngakhale kuti izi zikuchitika zolakwika, maanja ena amawonetsa zotsatira zoipa zochokera ku zolaula monga:

  • Zithunzi zolaula ndi zophweka, zosangalatsa, zowonjezera, zokondweretsa, kapena zokondweretsa kuposa kugonana ndi mnzanu
  • Zithunzi zolaula zimakhala zovuta, zimachepetsa kuthekera kokwaniritsa kapena kukondweretsa kugonana, kapena kukwaniritsa zolaula.
  • Ena amanena kuti kufotokozera mwachindunji kusokoneza maganizo monga zotsatira za zolaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito
  • Ena ankadandaula kuti ataya chikondi kapena chikondi.
  • Ananenedwa kuti zolaula zimapangitsa kugonana kwenikweni kukhala kosautsa, kozoloŵera, kosakhalitsa, kapena kosangalatsa

Webusaiti yatsopano ya Taylor Kohut mu 2017 (pornforscience.com, yomwe sinali kugwiranso ntchito mu Novembala 2022) ndi kuyesa kwake kusonkhetsa ndalama zikusonyeza kuti mwina anali ndi cholinga. Kohut ali ndi mbiri yofalitsa maphunziro 'olenga' omwe adapangidwa kuti apeze mavuto ochepa kapena opanda chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Mwachitsanzo, pepala la Kohut la 2016, "Kupanga Chidani kwa Akazi"? Ogwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula Ali ndi Maganizo Ofanana Kwambiri Pakati pa Amuna ndi Akazi Kuposa Osagwiritsa Ntchito mu Chitsanzo Choyimira cha ku America ".

Kohut adalemba kuti kufanana ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimathandizira kuzindikira kuti akazi ndi akazi, Akazi omwe ali ndi maudindo akuluakulu, Akazi omwe amagwira ntchito kunja kwa nyumba, Kuchotsa Mimba. Nayi mfundo yofunika: Anthu akunja, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala omasuka, ali ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula kuposa anthu achipembedzo. Posankha izi ndikunyalanyaza zinthu zina zambiri, wolemba wamkulu Taylor Kohut adadziwa kuti pamapeto pake ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula adzalandira mphoto yayikulu pa chisankho chomwe adasankha mosamala cha zomwe zimapanga "kufanana." Kenako adasankha dzina lomwe lidapanga zonse.

Zoona zake: pafupifupi maphunziro onse amafotokoza zotsatira zosiyana. Nazi maphunziro 40 omwe amagwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula ndi malingaliro osankhana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kutsutsa mfundo zina komanso kusalingana pang'ono.

BARTLE ANATI: Mu kafukufuku wa ku Australia wofalitsidwa chaka chino, amuna 4% okha ndi akazi 1% okha ndi omwe anati anali 'okonda' zolaula.

Zolemba za phunziroli zinali zosocheretsa chifukwa zidasiya zovuta zoyipa pakati pa 30 ndi pansi - omwe adakula pogwiritsa ntchito zolaula pa intaneti.

Malinga ndi Gome 5 mu kafukufukuyu, 17% ya amuna ndi akazi azaka zapakati pa 16-30 adanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula kunawakhudza kwambiri . (Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pakati pa anthu azaka zapakati pa 60-69, 7.2% okha ndi omwe ankaganiza kuti zolaula zinali ndi zotsatirapo zoipa.)

Kodi mitu yankhani yochokera mu kafukufukuyu ikanakhala yosiyana bwanji ngati olembawo akanagogomezera zomwe adapeza kuti pafupifupi wachinyamata m'modzi mwa asanu amakhulupirira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zolaula "kunawakhudza kwambiri"? N'chifukwa chiyani anayesa kuchepetsa izi mwa kuzinyalanyaza ndikuyang'ana kwambiri zotsatira za magawo osiyanasiyana - m'malo mongoyang'ana gulu lomwe lili pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha mavuto pa intaneti?

Mukayang'ana chapansi pa chinyengochi, timapeza zifukwa zambiri zoperekera phunziroli:

  1. Ichi chinali chiwerengero choyimira magawo a zaka zapakati pazaka 16-69, amuna ndi akazi. Zimatsimikizirika kuti anyamata ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zolaula pa intaneti. Choncho, 25% ya amuna ndi 60% ya amayiwo sankawone zolaula kamodzi pamwezi yomaliza ya 12. Momwemo ziwerengerozi zimasonkhanitsa kuchepetsa vutoli pogwiritsa ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito ngozi.
  2. Funso lokha, limene linafunsa ophunzira ngati adagwiritsa ntchito zolaula m'miyezi yotsiriza ya 12, sizikutanthauza kuti zimagwiritsa ntchito zolaula. Mwachitsanzo, munthu yemwe adakopeka ndi zolaula amawonedwa kuti si wosiyana ndi munthu yemwe amadziputsa maulendo a 3 pa tsiku ndi zovuta zolaula.
  3. Komabe, kafukufukuyu atafunsira kwa omwe "adawonapo zolaula" zomwe adawona zolaula m'chaka chatha, chiwerengero chachikulu chinali achinyamata gulu. 93.4% ya iwo adawonera chaka chatha, ndi zaka 20-29 omwe ali kumbuyo kwawo pa 88.6.
  4. Deta inasonkhanitsidwa pakati pa October 2012 ndi November 2013. Zinthu zasintha kwambiri m'zaka zapitazi za 5, chifukwa cha kulowera kwa smartphone - makamaka kwa achinyamata ogwiritsa ntchito.
  5. Mafunso adafunsidwa pakompyuta telefoni zoyankhulana. Ndi chikhalidwe chaumunthu kuti chidziwitso chodziwikiratu, makamaka pamene kuyankhulana ndi nkhani zovuta monga zolaula ndi zolaula.
  6. Mafunsowa amachokera podziona okha. Kumbukirani kuti oledzera kawirikawiri amadziona ngati oledzera. Ndipotu, ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula amawoneka kuti sangagwirizane ndi zolaula pokhapokha atasiya nthawi yaitali.
  7. Phunzirolo silinagwiritse ntchito mafunso ovomerezeka (operekedwa mosadziwika), zomwe zikanakhoza kuwonetsa zonse zolaula ndi zotsatira za zolaula pa ogwiritsa ntchito.

Apanso, ochepa chabe omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula amazindikira momwe zolaula zakhudzira iwo mpaka atasiya kugwiritsa ntchito. Kawirikawiri ogwiritsa ntchito akufunikira miyezi yambiri kuti adziwe bwino zotsatira zake zoipa. Choncho, phunziro lofanana ndi ili liri ndi malire aakulu.

Nanga bwanji za kafukufuku wosadziwika waposachedwa wa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti?

Kuchuluka kwa zizolowezi zoledzera kumasiyana, kutengera magawo a kafukufuku, koma ngati mukufuna kumvetsetsa momwe zinthu zilili, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kwambiri ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali pachiwopsezo (m'malo modalira maphunziro a anthu onse omwe akuphatikizapo agogo). Mu 2016, magulu awiri ofufuza (mmodzi wochokera ku Europe, wina wochokera ku America) adayesa kapena kufunsa mafunso kwa ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula za amuna . Magulu onse awiriwa adanenanso kuti 28% ya anthu omwe adawagwiritsa ntchito adakumana ndi mayesowa kuti agwiritse ntchito molakwika (" Makhalidwe Achipatala a Amuna Omwe Amakonda Kufunafuna Chithandizo Chogwiritsa Ntchito Zithunzi Zolaula ") kapena anali ndi nkhawa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo zolaula (" Zochita zogonana pa intaneti: Kafukufuku wofufuza za machitidwe ovuta komanso osavuta ogwiritsira ntchito mwa amuna "). Mu 2017, akatswiri adawonanso ophunzira aku koleji aku US (ena mwa iwo sanali ogwiritsa ntchito zolaula) kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi zizolowezi zolaula. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti 19% ya ophunzira aamuna ndi 4% ya ophunzira achikazi adakumana ndi mayesowa kuti ali ndi zizolowezi (" Kusuta kwa Pa Intaneti Pakati pa Ophunzira Aku Koleji: Kafukufuku Wofala ").

Zindikirani: Chizoloŵezi cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo samanena nkhani yonse. Anyamata ena omwe ali ndi zolaula-omwe amachititsa kuti anthu asagwirizane ndi kugonana sali oletsedwa, ndipo sangakhale ndi vuto lililonse. Ngakhale zili choncho, nthawi zina amafunika miyezi kuti apeze njira zochepa zowonongeka pakati pa kugonana, monga zovuta zowonjezereka komanso zosamalitsa.

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